CN1084844C - 可电磁操纵的阀 - Google Patents

可电磁操纵的阀 Download PDF

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CN1084844C
CN1084844C CN97192530A CN97192530A CN1084844C CN 1084844 C CN1084844 C CN 1084844C CN 97192530 A CN97192530 A CN 97192530A CN 97192530 A CN97192530 A CN 97192530A CN 1084844 C CN1084844 C CN 1084844C
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layer
armature
iron core
valve
layer thickness
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CN1212040A (zh
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马库斯·格斯克
诺贝特·凯姆
约阿希姆·施蒂林
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0614—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of electromagnets or fixed armature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
    • F02M51/0671—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto
    • F02M51/0682—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto the body being hollow and its interior communicating with the fuel flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/166—Selection of particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/168—Assembling; Disassembling; Manufacturing; Adjusting

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
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  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
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Abstract

在已公知的喷油阀中，对承受磨损的部件、象衔铁和铁心，设置耐磨层，比如说铬、钼或者镍层。该新的阀具有一个有耐磨层(65′)的铁心(2)，在直接止动部位(a，a′)内，这个层的厚度(x)比相对的衔铁(27)上的层(65)的层厚度(y)更厚。这种阀特别适用于混合压缩、强制点火式内燃机的喷油装置。

Description

可电磁操纵的阀
技术领域
本发明涉及到的是一种可电磁操纵的阀。
背景技术
已公知各种不同的可电磁操纵的阀，特别是喷油阀，在这些阀中，对那些承受磨损的部件设置有耐磨层。
从DE-OS2942928中已公知，对承受磨损的部件、象衔铁和喷油嘴体，涂上耐磨的抗磁性材料层。这个按准确测量的层厚涂覆的涂层用于限制阀针的行程，通过此可以降低剩磁对喷油阀活动部件的影响。
同样从EP-OS0536773中公知一种喷油阀，在这种喷油阀中，在衔铁的圆柱体圆周面和环形接触面上通过电镀涂了一层硬质合金。这个铬层或者镍层的厚度例如为15至25μm。由于电镀涂层，层厚分布稍微呈楔形分布，在这里，在外边缘上的层厚最小。通过电镀沉积层，层厚分布被物理上预定了，几乎不可被影响。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提供一种可电磁操纵的阀，它可以采用简单的方式来实现成本合理的止动部位。
按照本发明，提出了一种可电磁操纵的阀，具有一个阀纵向轴线，一个用铁磁性材料制成的铁芯，一个电磁线圈和一个衔铁，这个衔铁用来操作与固定阀座共同起作用的阀封闭体，并且在电磁线圈励磁时被拉向铁芯止挡面，其中，不仅轴向移动的衔铁的止挡面涂有防磨损层，而且静止铁芯的止挡面也涂有防磨损层，对着衔铁的、铁芯端面上的层，至少在直接止动部位内的层厚度比衔铁的朝向铁芯的端面上的层的层厚度厚。
按照本发明的可电磁操纵的阀的优点是，采用简单的方式来实现成本合理的止动部位，此外，采用按照本发明的、在静止铁芯上涂覆比轴向运动衔铁上要厚一些的防磨损层的涂覆措施，可以提高阀电磁路的磁力。因为，在以电镀的方式涂覆时，在层厚额定值较小的情况下，减少了漏磁(streuung)，通过此，在铁芯/衔铁范围内，在功能方面，只有较小的剩余空隙波动(Restluftspaltschwankungen)。通过此，在以有利的方式减小了要喷射燃油量qdyn的波动时，却提高了最低吸引电压(Mindestanzugsspannung)值。
因为活动衔铁的磨损明显比静止铁芯的磨损小，因此，衔铁的防磨损层的厚度可以大大减小，没有质量损失，持续运转稳定，所以，可以大大节省涂覆材料。此外，以有利的方式缩短了涂覆时间，特别是在涂覆衔铁时。随着节省材料降低了费用，通过减少电镀电解的处理花费，费用还可以降低。
另一个优点是，衔铁直径漏磁小，由于产生的较小的导向间隙，这一点对磨损特性特别有利。
附图
在附图中简单地示出了本发明的一个实施例，并且在下面的说明中详细地进行了介绍。
图1示出了一个喷油阀，
图2示出了喷油阀在具有防磨损层的铁芯和衔铁范围内放大的挡块。
具体实施方式
在图1中举例示出的、以用于混合压缩、强制点火内燃机喷油装置的喷油阀形式的可电磁操纵的阀，有一个被电磁线圈1包围的、用做燃油进口接管的铁芯2，比如说，铁芯可以作成管状的，而且其整个长度上外径不变。在径向中呈阶梯状的线圈架3容纳电磁线圈1的绕组，在与铁芯2连接时，能够使电磁线圈1范围内的喷油阀的结构特别坚固紧凑。
一个管状的金属中间件12，与阀纵向轴线10同心密封地、比如说通过焊接，同铁芯2的下端部9连接，在这里，部分地轴向包围铁芯端部9。呈阶梯状的线圈架3部分与铁芯2搭接，并且同较大直径的台阶15一起，至少部分在轴向与中间件12搭接。顺着线圈架3和中间件12向下延伸一个管状的阀座托架16，比如说，它与中间件12固定地连接在一起。在阀座托架16内有一个纵向孔17，这个孔与阀纵向轴线10同心。在纵向孔17中，安装了一个比如说是管状的阀针19，在其向下的端部20，阀针19同一个球状的阀封闭体21、例如通过焊接连接，在阀封闭体圆周上例如设有5个削平部分22，用于燃油从旁边流过。
以公知方式电磁操作喷油阀。具有电磁线圈1、铁芯2和套管状衔铁27的电磁路，用于轴向移动阀针19，从而克服复位弹簧25的弹力打开或者关闭喷油阀。衔铁27通过第一道焊缝28与阀针19的背对着阀封闭体21的端部连接，并且对着铁芯2。在位于下面的、阀座托架16的背对着铁芯2的端部内，一个具有固定阀座的圆柱形阀座体29，通过焊接密封性地安装到纵向孔17里面。
阀座体29的导向孔32，用于在阀针19同衔铁27一起沿着阀纵向轴线10轴向移动期间阀封闭体21的导向。球形的阀封闭体21，同在流动方向中截锥形变窄的阀座体29的阀座一起共同起作用。在其背对阀封闭体21的端面，阀座体29同一个比如说呈盆形的喷射孔板34同心并且固定地连接。在喷射孔板34的底部中，至少分布一个、比如说四个通过腐蚀或者冲压成形的喷射孔39。
具有盆形喷射孔板34的阀座体29的插入深度，决定了阀针19的行程调节。在这里，在电磁线圈1没有励磁时阀针19的一个终端位置，通过阀封闭体21与阀座体29的阀座接触来确定，而在电磁线圈1励磁时阀针19的另一个终端位置，通过衔铁27与铁芯端部9的接触来得到，因此正好在按照本发明构成的范围内，这用一个圆圈详细标明，在图2中以改变的比例示出。
一个插入与阀纵向轴线10同心的、铁芯2的流动孔46里面的调节套管48，比如说，它用滚轧的弹簧钢板制成，用于调节紧挨着调节套管48的复位弹簧25的弹簧预张力，复位弹簧的另一侧支承在阀针19上。
喷油阀在很大程度上被一个塑料压铸件50包围，这个压铸件从铁芯2起，在轴向中通过电磁线圈1延伸到阀座托架16处。比如说，一个一起压铸的电连接插头52属于这个塑料压铸件50。
燃油过滤器61伸入在铁芯2入口侧一端55处的流动孔46内，负责把那些因其大小可能会引起喷油阀堵塞或者损伤的燃油成分过滤出去。
在图2中，用另外的比例示出了在图1中用一个圆圈标明的阀针19的一个终端位置范围，在这个范围内，衔铁27碰到铁芯2的端部9上。已经知道的是，通过电镀在铁芯2的端部9上和衔铁27上涂上金属层65，比如说铬层或者镍层。在这里，不仅在垂直于阀纵向轴线10伸展的端面67和67′上，而且至少在衔铁27或者铁芯2的部分圆周面66和66′上，涂上层65和65′。图2示出了层厚一般在10和25μm之间的层65，其层厚与部件2和27的尺寸没有按比例。
为了喷油阀的性能，必须使铁芯2和衔铁27只在相对小的部位内、比如说只在衔铁27上端面外面的、背着阀纵向轴线10的部位内止动。通过电镀涂层可以达到这个要求。在电镀涂层时，在要涂覆部件的边缘，这里指的是铁芯2和衔铁27，出现了一个场力线聚焦，这可导致，例如：出现最小楔形的层厚分布。因此，涂层65和65′，在喷油阀工作时，只在较小的部位内负荷。
止动件对即使在长时间工作之后，也应具有尽可能精确的止动面，这样，尽管层65和65′有些磨损，衔铁27的吸动和释放时间也几乎保持不变。由于在这个阀挡块范围内有很高的持续运行稳定性，同样可以以有利的方式保持要喷射喷油量qdyn的容许误差很窄。在持续运行试验中表明，衔铁27的运动部件比铁芯2的静止部件磨损的少。很多年之后在层65和65′上产生的磨损深度，比如说，在铁芯2上的磨损深度是衔铁27上的两倍到三倍。所以，在不影响持续运行稳定性下，同铁芯2上的层65′相比，减小衔铁27上层65的层厚，这是合适的。特别是在容许误差要求严的情况下，建议，铁芯2的层65′的层厚x要比衔铁27的层厚更厚。
在这里，作为层65和65′可能的层厚度x和y的一个实施例，对于铁芯2层厚度是7μm，对于衔铁27层厚度是4μm。当然，这些尺寸分别在窄的范围内是有容许误差的。这些尺寸说明只是为了更好的理解，而且绝对不是限制本发明。在任何情况下，静止铁芯的层65′的层厚x明显比轴向移动衔铁27的层65的层厚y厚，为此的意思是，铁芯2的层65′的层厚x比衔铁27的层65的层厚y至少超过了25％。这些说明只涉及到铁芯2和衔铁27上的直接止动部位a或者a′，其轴向接近部位用双箭头标明。
在止动部位a，a′，这涉及到真正磨损的接触部位(两个止动对件的接触部分)，它在理想情况下形成了圆环形，通常是镰刀形，也就是说，圆环段形。一般来说，止动部位a，a′的止动宽度为50至200μm，在这里300μm的最大宽度也可考虑。在止动部位a，a′之外，层65和65′也可这样呈楔形，使各相对的层厚进一步相适应。然而，在正常情况下，衔铁27上层65的层厚y连贯地(durchgehend)比铁芯上层65′的层厚x薄；x＞y，特别是在止动部位a，a′。铬、钼、镍或者炭化物(kohlenstoffkarbide)例如可作为涂层材料。然而，也可以完全使用其它的、流行用于涂覆目的涂层材料，以便在铁芯2和衔铁27上制作按照本发明的耐磨层65，65’。

Claims (7)

1.一种可电磁操纵的阀，具有一个阀纵向轴线，一个用铁磁性材料制成的铁芯，一个电磁线圈和一个衔铁，这个衔铁用来操作与固定阀座共同起作用的阀封闭体，并且在电磁线圈励磁时被拉向铁芯止挡面，其中，不仅轴向移动的衔铁的止挡面涂有防磨损层，而且静止铁芯的止挡面也涂有防磨损层，其特征是，
对着衔铁(27)的、铁芯(2)端面(67′)上的层(65′)，至少在直接止动部位(a，a′)内的层厚度(x)比衔铁(27)的朝向铁芯(2)的端面(67)上的层(65)的层厚度(y)厚。
2.按照权利要求1所述的阀，其特征是，
在止动部位(a，a′)内，铁芯(2)的层(65′)的层厚度(x)比衔铁(27)的层(65)的层厚度(y)至少超过了25％。
3.按照权利要求1或者2所述的阀，其特征是，
铁芯(2)上的层(65′)的层厚度连贯地大于衔铁(27)上的层(65)的相应相对的层厚度。
4.按照权利要求1或2所述的阀，其特征是，
铁芯(2)和衔铁(27)上的层(65，65′)呈楔形分布。
5.按照权利要求1或者2所述的阀，其特征是，
铁芯(2)和衔铁(27)上的止动部位(a，a′)的最大宽度是300μm。
6.按照权利要求1所述的阀，其特征是，
层(65，65′)是磁性的。
7.按照权利要求1所述的阀，其特征是，
该阀是用于内燃机喷油装置的喷油阀。
CN97192530A 1996-12-24 1997-10-18 可电磁操纵的阀 Expired - Fee Related CN1084844C (zh)

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DE19654322A DE19654322C2 (de) 1996-12-24 1996-12-24 Elektromagnetisch betätigbares Ventil
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AT (1) ATE231585T1 (zh)
DE (2) DE19654322C2 (zh)
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US5996911A (en) 1999-12-07
ES2191204T3 (es) 2003-09-01
DE19654322C2 (de) 1999-12-23
KR100573503B1 (ko) 2006-08-10
EP0886727A1 (de) 1998-12-30
ATE231585T1 (de) 2003-02-15
EP0886727B1 (de) 2003-01-22
WO1998028537A1 (de) 1998-07-02
DE59709194D1 (de) 2003-02-27
JP2000505863A (ja) 2000-05-16
CN1212040A (zh) 1999-03-24
DE19654322A1 (de) 1998-06-25
KR19990082045A (ko) 1999-11-15

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