CN108473750A - 热塑性树脂组合物 - Google Patents

热塑性树脂组合物 Download PDF

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CN108473750A
CN108473750A CN201780007288.7A CN201780007288A CN108473750A CN 108473750 A CN108473750 A CN 108473750A CN 201780007288 A CN201780007288 A CN 201780007288A CN 108473750 A CN108473750 A CN 108473750A
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thermoplastic resin
resin composition
molded product
light
graft copolymer
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CN108473750B (zh
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镰田郎
镰田一郎
热田裕之
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Dake Energy Woo Ling Tong Co Ltd
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Dake Energy Woo Ling Tong Co Ltd
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    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20Bonding
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    • B29C65/1603Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
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Abstract

本发明的目的在于提供能够得到色调以及激光熔接后的外观优异且作为树脂部件具有充分的耐冲击性的成型品的热塑性树脂组合物。另外,本发明的目的还提供色调以及激光熔接后的外观优异且作为树脂部件具有充分的耐冲击性的由热塑性树脂组合物构成的成型品。本发明的发明人经过深入研究发现,通过适当控制包含含橡胶的接枝共聚物的热塑性树脂组合物的可见光区域的反射率以及近红外区域的吸收率,能够解决上述课题,直至完成本发明。

Description

热塑性树脂组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及热塑性树脂组合物。
本申请基于2016年2月12日在日本申请的日本特愿2016-025267号主张优先权,并在此引用其内容。
背景技术
随着技术的发展,近年来,树脂扩大应用在车辆用部件、家电制品、各种工业用材料等领域。与树脂的接合相关的二次加工技术也是有助于其扩大的技术之一。
作为树脂的接合,例如可以列举螺钉、螺栓的机械式接合、基于热熔胶等粘合剂的接合、热板熔接所代表的给与热量进行熔融的热接合、利用使接合部振动产生的摩擦热量的振动熔接、对接合部照射激光束并利用该部位的吸收发热的激光熔接等。从削减加工工序、轻质化、减少环境负担等方面考虑,最近,热板熔接、振动熔接、激光熔接正提高其可用性。
对于激光熔接,通常是将透射激光束的“透射材料”与吸收激光束的“吸收材料”这两种材料接合。从透射材料侧向材料接触界面以非接触方式照射的激光束直接透射透射材料到达吸收材料表面。吸收材料表面吸收的光能转换为热量,使照射部位熔融。另外,该熔融热量还向透射材料热传递,使透射材料熔融。然后,使熔融部位冷却、固化并熔接。通过这种工序进行激光熔接的树脂接合体具有下述优点:除了强度、气密性、外观(不产生毛刺等)优异以外,作业环境、对内置部件的损坏等方面也非常良好。
但是,如果激光束的照射过强,则树脂的发热量增大,因此,会引起发泡、烧焦、变色等外观不良。另一方面,如果激光束的照射过弱,则接合强度降低,可能会导致未充分熔接这种不良情况。因此,在进行激光熔接时,将树脂的发热量控制在适当的范围内是非常重要的。
从控制发热量方面出发,考虑调整针对激光束的材料的光学特性的方法。作为这种技术,例如专利文献1~3中公开了对特定波长或者说特定范围的波长表现出规定透射率的树脂组合物。
但是,专利文献1~3记载的树脂组合物均是通过将透射率规定在某个数值以上从而使具有充足能量的激光束到达熔接部的技术,即,均是用作“透射材料”而不适合用作“吸收材料”的技术。
入射到材料的光被分为透射光、反射光以及吸收光。即,在入射光的比率为100%的情况下,各光成分的比率满足:透射率+反射率+吸收率=100%。对于“透射材料”,从使激光束到达熔接部方面考虑,着重于透射率。另一方面,对于“吸收材料”,从将发热量控制在适当范围方面考虑,应着重的光学特性不是透射率而是吸收率。其理由在于,在通过激光束的能量使吸收材料热熔融时,如果其吸收的量过剩,则会导致发泡、烧焦、变色等外观不良,如果过少,则会导致熔接不充分等不良情况。因此,为了得到激光熔接性优异的成型品,控制“吸收材料”的吸收率是非常重要的。
另外,通过热塑性树脂得到的成型品大多在由染料、颜料着色的状态下(着色成型品)使用,从产品美观性方面考虑,非常重视其色调。这种色调原理上是材料反射的可见光区域的各种波长的光被人眼观测的结果。根据材料反射的光的波长,色调发生各种变化,但是,黑色、深灰色等深色类色调表现为可见光区域的光的反射率总体较低。即,从色调控制方面考虑,应着重的光学特性是可见光区域的反射率,特别是对深色类的色调,将可见光区域的反射率控制在特定较低的范围是重要的。
对于激光熔接中的光的波长,从振荡效率优异方面考虑,优选使用近红外区域波长的光。另一方面,如上所述,色调的光的波长与可见光区域的波长的光对应。即,通过适当控制近红外区域的吸收率以及可见光区域的反射率,能够提供激光熔接性以及色调优异的材料。另外,作为本发明的特征,通过适当控制近红外区域的吸收率与可见光区域的反射率的比率,能够提供激光熔接性与色调的均衡性非常优异的材料。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利第4017994号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2007-8974号公报
专利文献3:日本特开2007-269890号公报
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供能够得到色调以及激光熔接后的外观优异且作为树脂部件具有充分的耐冲击性的成型品的热塑性树脂组合物。另外,本发明的目的还在于,提供色调以及激光熔接后的外观优异且作为树脂部件具有充分的耐冲击性的、由热塑性树脂组合物构成的成型品。
本发明的发明人通过深入研究发现,通过适当控制包含含橡胶的接枝共聚物的热塑性树脂组合物的可见光区域的反射率以及近红外区域的吸收率,能够解决上述课题,直至完成本发明。
即,本发明包含下述方式。
[1]一种热塑性树脂组合物,包含对橡胶态聚合物(a1)接枝乙烯基聚合物(a2)的接枝共聚物(A),其特征在于,
当从可见光区域到近红外光区域中以波长间隔1nm测量光反射率(%R)以及下式(1)所表示的光吸收率(%A)时,满足下述条件:
380nm~780nm的光反射率的平均值(可见%R)为5%~10%;以及
780nm~1180nm的光吸收率的平均值(近红外%A)为25%~93%,
其中,光吸收率(%A)=100-光透射率(%T)-光反射率(%R) (1)
[2]根据上述[1]所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其特征在于,近红外区域的光吸收率的平均值与可见光区域的光反射率的平均值之比(近红外%A/可见%R)为4.5~16.5。
[3]一种成型品,所述成型品是由上述[1]或[2]所述的热塑性树脂组合物成型后的成型品。
发明效果
根据本发明的热塑性树脂组合物,能够得色调以及激光熔接后的外观优异且作为树脂部件具有充分的耐冲击性的成型品。
本发明的成型品的色调以及激光熔接后的外观优异且作为树脂部件具有充分的耐冲击性。
具体实施方式
下面,对本发明进行详细说明。
此外,在以下的说明中,“成型品”是指将本发明的热塑性树脂组合物成型得到的成型品。另外,如果以下的说明中不特别限定,则“色调优异”是指成型品表现出深色类的色调(深灰色、黑色等)。另外,“熔接外观优异”是指在激光熔接后的接合部抑制烧焦、变色。
“热塑性树脂组合物”
本发明的热塑性树脂组合物包含接枝共聚物(A)。
<接枝共聚物(A)>
不特别限定构成接枝共聚物(A)的橡胶态聚合物(a1),但是,例如可以列举聚丁二烯、苯乙烯/丁二烯共聚物、丙烯腈/丁二烯共聚物、丙烯酸酯/丁二烯共聚物等丁二烯类橡胶态聚合物、异戊二烯、氯丁二烯、苯乙烯/异戊二烯共聚物等共轭二烯类橡胶态聚合物、聚丙烯酸丁酯等丙烯酸类橡胶态聚合物、乙烯/丙烯共聚物等烯烃类橡胶态聚合物、聚有机硅氧烷等硅类橡胶态聚合物、天然橡胶、丁基橡胶、聚氨酯橡胶、氯化聚乙烯、环氧氯丙烷橡胶、氟橡胶、聚硫橡胶等。可以单独使用其中的一种,也可是组合使用两种以上。此外,这些橡胶态聚合物可以以单体使用,橡胶态聚合物的构造可以是复合橡胶结构、核/壳构造。
上述的橡胶态聚合物中,从得到的成型品的耐冲击性、成型外观考虑,优选丁二烯类橡胶态聚合物、丙烯酸类橡胶态聚合物、烯烃类橡胶态聚合物、硅类橡胶态聚合物以及这些橡胶质聚合物的复合橡胶结构、核/壳构造。
橡胶态聚合物(a1)的凝胶含量优选50~99质量%,更优选60~95质量%,特别优选70~85质量%。如果凝胶含量位于上述范围内,则成型品的耐冲击性变得更加良好。
以下述方式测量橡胶态聚合物(a1)的凝胶含量。
将称量的橡胶态聚合物(a1)在室温(23℃)条件下在适当的溶剂中经过20小时溶解。然后进行离心分离,将倾析上层澄清液所残留的不溶物在60℃干燥24小时后,进行称量。求出不溶物相对于最初称量的橡胶态聚合物(a1)的比例(质量%),将其作为橡胶态聚合物(a1)的凝胶含量。
作为用于溶解橡胶态聚合物(a1)的溶剂,例如可以列举甲苯、丙酮等。
不特别限定橡胶态聚合物(a1)的平均粒径,但是,优选0.1~1μm,更优选0.2~0.5μm。如果平均粒径位于上述范围内,则可以进一步提高成型品的耐冲击性。
可以使用粒度分布测量仪测量标准体积的粒径分布,根据得到的粒径分布计算出橡胶态聚合物(a1)的平均粒径。
接枝共聚物(A)具有将各种乙烯类单体聚合得到的乙烯基聚合物(a2)与上述橡胶态聚合物(a1)接枝的形态。
不特别限定乙烯类单体,但是,例如可以列举芳香族乙烯基化合物、(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯、氰化乙烯基化合物等。
作为芳香族乙烯基化合物,例如可以列举苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、p-甲基苯乙烯等。
作为(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯,例如可以列举甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯等。
作为氰化乙烯基化合物,例如可以列举丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈等。
可以单独使用这些乙烯类单体中的一种,也可以组合使用两种以上。
上述乙烯类单体中,从进一步提高成型品的耐冲击性方面考虑,优选同时使用苯乙烯以及丙烯腈。
接枝共聚物(A)是对橡胶态聚合物(a1)接枝聚合乙烯基聚合物(a2)得到的。
不特别限定进行接枝聚合的方法,但是,从能够控制反应稳定进行方面考虑,优选乳液聚合。具体来讲,可以列举在橡胶态聚合物(a1)中一次性加入乙烯类单体后进行聚合的方法、在橡胶态聚合物(a1)中先加入一部分乙烯类单体并在随时间聚合的同时将剩余部分向聚合物中滴落的方法、对橡胶态聚合物(a1)滴落总量的乙烯类单体同时随时间聚合的方法等,可以将它们分为一段至两段以上进行。另外,也可以改变各段中的乙烯类单体的种类、组成比进行。
不特别限定橡胶态聚合物(a1)与乙烯基聚合物(a2)的质量比,但是,优选将橡胶态聚合物(a1)设定为10~80质量%,将乙烯基聚合物(a2)设定为20~90质量%,更优选将橡胶态聚合物(a1)设定为30~70质量%,将乙烯基聚合物(a2)设定为30~70质量%(其中,橡胶态聚合物(a1)与乙烯基聚合物(a2)合计为100质量%)。如果通过上述质量比进行接枝聚合,则成型品的耐冲击性存在更加优异的倾向。
在接枝聚合中通常使用自由基聚合引发剂以及乳化剂。
作为自由基聚合引发剂,可以列举过氧化物、偶氮类引发剂、氧化剂与还原剂组合而成的氧化还原类引发剂等。其中,优选氧化还原类引发剂,特别优选硫酸亚铁、乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐、甲醛次硫酸氢钠以及过氧化氢组合而成的次硫酸氢盐(sulfoxylate)类引发剂。
另外,进行自由基聚合时,为了控制得到的接枝共聚物(A)的分子量、接枝率,也可以添加各种已知的链转移剂。
不特别限定乳化剂,但是,为了自由基聚合时胶乳的稳定性优异,提高聚合率,可以列举肌氨酸钠、脂肪酸钾、脂肪酸钠、链烯基琥珀酸二钾、松香酸皂等各种羧酸盐。
其中,为了抑制得到接枝共聚物(A)以及包含其的热塑性树脂组合物在高温成型时产生气体,优选链烯基琥珀酸二钾。
通常,可以在胶乳的状态下得到接枝共聚物(A)。作为从接枝共聚物(A)的胶乳中回收接枝共聚物(A)的方法,例如,可以列举将接枝共聚物(A)的胶乳投入到溶解有凝聚剂的热水中从而以浆状凝聚的湿式法以及在加热环境中将接枝共聚物(A)的胶乳喷雾从而半直接回收接枝共聚物(A)的喷雾干燥法等。
作为湿式法中使用的凝聚剂,可以列举硫酸、盐酸、磷酸、硝酸等有机酸、氯化钙、乙酸钙、硫酸铝等金属盐等,可以根据聚合中使用的乳化剂选定。例如,在作为乳化剂仅使用脂肪酸皂、松香酸皂等羧酸皂的情况下,可以使用上述一种以上的凝聚剂。另外,在作为乳化剂使用烷基苯磺酸钠等酸性区域也可表现出稳定乳化力的乳化剂的情况下,作为凝聚剂优选金属盐。
如果使用湿式法,则会得到浆状的接枝共聚物(A)。作为从该浆状的接枝共聚物(A)得到干燥状态的接枝共聚物(A)的方法,可以列举下述方法:首先,将残留的乳化剂残渣在水中溶出并清洗,然后,将该浆状物通过离心或者压榨式脱水机等脱水后通过气流干燥机等干燥;以及通过压榨式脱水机、挤出机等同时进行脱水以及干燥。通过上述方法可以得到粉末或者颗粒状的干燥接枝共聚物(A)。
不特别限定清洗条件,但是,优选以干燥后的接枝共聚物(A)100质量%中包含的乳化剂残渣量在0.5~2质量%范围内为条件进行清洗。如果接枝共聚物(A)中的乳化剂残渣为0.5质量%以上,则存在进一步提高得到的接枝共聚物(A)以及包含其的热塑性树脂组合物的流动性的倾向。另一方面,如果接枝共聚物(A)中的乳化剂残渣为2质量%以下,则能够抑制热塑性树脂组合物在高温成型时产生气体。
此外,可以不回收从压榨式脱水机、挤出机排出的接枝共聚物(A)而直接传送给用于制造热塑性树脂组合物的挤出机、成型机作为成型品。
(其他树脂)
热塑性树脂组合物可以仅包含上述接枝共聚物(A),但是,从得到热塑性树脂组合物的成型性、成型品的成型外观方面考虑,优选还包含接枝共聚物(A)以外的热塑性树脂(其他热塑性树脂(B))。
不特别限定其他热塑性树脂(B),但是,例如可以列举丙烯腈-苯乙烯共聚物(AS树脂)、丙烯腈-α-甲基苯乙烯共聚物(αSAN树脂)、苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-N-取代马来酰亚胺三元共聚物、苯乙烯-马来酸酐-N-取代马来酰亚胺三元共聚物、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS树脂)、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物(ASA树脂)、丙烯腈-乙烯-丙烯-二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(AES树脂)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚碳酸酯树脂、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT树脂)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET树脂)、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯等聚烯烃、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)、苯乙烯-丁二烯(SBR)、氢化SBS、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯(SIS)等苯乙烯类弹性体、各种烯烃类弹性体、各种聚酯类弹性体、聚苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-苯乙烯共聚物(MS树脂)、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、聚缩醛树脂、改性聚苯醚(改性PPE树脂)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、PPS树脂、PES树脂、PEEK树脂、聚芳酯、液晶聚酯树脂、聚酰胺树脂(尼龙)等。
可以单独使用这些其他热塑性树脂(B)中的一种,也可以组合使用两种以上。
热塑性树脂组合物中的接枝共聚物(A)的含量优选20~60质量%,其他热塑性树脂(B)的含量优选40~80质量%(其中,接枝共聚物(A)与其他热塑性树脂(B)合计为100质量%。)。如果接枝共聚物(A)的含量为20质量%以上(其他热塑性树脂(B)的含量为80质量%以下),则可以进一步提高成型品的耐冲击性。另一方面,如果接枝共聚物(A)的含量为60质量%以下(其他热塑性树脂(B)的含量为40质量%以上),则热塑性树脂组合物具有充足的成型性。
<任意成分>
本发明的热塑性树脂组合物除了上述接枝共聚物(A)、其他热塑性树脂(B)以外,可以根据需要,在不破坏光的吸收性、反射性的范围内包含任意成分。
作为任意成分,例如可以列举抗氧化剂、光稳定剂等各种稳定剂、润滑剂、增塑剂、脱模剂、染料、颜料、抗静电剂、阻燃剂、金属粉末、无机填料等添加剂。
<制造方法>
将接枝共聚物(A)、根据需要的其他热塑性树脂(B)以及任意成分通过V型搅拌器、亨舍尔搅拌机等混合分散,将得到的混合物使用螺旋式挤出机、班伯里密炼机、加压捏合机、混合辊等熔融混炼机等进行熔融混炼,从而制造热塑性树脂组合物。另外,也可以根据需要使用造粒机等将熔融混炼物颗粒化。
<380nm~780nm的光反射率的平均值(可见%R)>
本发明的热塑性树脂组合物在波长380nm~780nm范围的光反射率的平均值(可见%R)需要为5%~10%。其中,光反射率是将热塑性树脂组合物成型为2mm厚度得到的试验片的测量值。光反射率为10%以下时,可见光区域的光的反射量较少,成型品的色调好。
<780nm~1180nm的光吸收率的平均值(近红外%A)>
本发明的热塑性树脂组合物在波长780nm~1180nm范围的光吸收率的平均值(近红外%A)需要为25%~93%。其中,光吸收率(%A)是使用光反射率(%R)以及光透射率(%T)的测量值通过下式(1)计算出的。光反射率是将热塑性树脂组合物成型为2mm厚度得到的试验片的测量值。光透射率是将热塑性树脂组合物成型为0.1mm厚度得到的试验片的测量值。如果光吸收率为93%以下,则近红外区域的光的吸收量不会过剩,将成型品用作吸收材料使得所述吸收材料与透射材料进行激光熔接时不会产生烧焦、变色,能够防止熔接外观下降。如果光吸收率为25%以上,则近红外区域的光的吸收量变多,因此,能够在激光熔接后得到充分的接合强度。
光吸收率(%A)=100-光透射率(%T)-光反射率(%R) (1)
<光学特性的比率>
本发明的热塑性树脂组合物优选近红外区域的光吸收率的平均值与可见光区域的光反射率的平均值之比(近红外%A/可见%R)为4.5~16.5,更优选5.0~10.0。如果为16.5以下,则会控制近红外区域的光吸收,存在进一步抑制激光熔接后的外观发生烧焦、变色的倾向。另一方面,如果为4.5以上,则易于在激光熔接后得到充分的接合强度,存在使成型品的色调更加优异的倾向。
<作用效果>
以上说明的本发明的热塑性树脂组合物包含接枝共聚物(A),试验片的可见光区域的光反射率以及近红外光区域的光吸收率具有特定的数值,因此,能够得到色调以及激光熔接后的外观优异且作为树脂部件具有充分的耐冲击性的成型品。
本发明的热塑性树脂组合物作为成型品时,色调优异,抑制激光熔接后的外观出现烧焦、变色,具有充分的接合强度,并且,作为树脂部件具有充分的耐冲击性。由此,本发明的热塑性树脂组合物能够得到适用作灯具、室内装潢、外部装潢等车辆用部件、OA机器、家用电器部件、医疗用器具、各种工业用材料的成型品。
“成型品”
本发明的成型品是将上述的本发明的热塑性树脂组合物通过已知方法成型的成型品。
作为成型方法,例如可以列举注射成型法、压制成型法、挤出成型法、真空成型法、吹塑法等。
本发明的成型品的色调优异,并且,可抑制激光熔接后的外观出现烧焦、变色,具有充分的接合强度,并且,作为树脂部件具有充分的耐冲击性。
作为成型品的用途,可列举灯具、室内装潢、外部装潢等车辆用部件、OA机器、家用电器部件、医疗用器具、各种工业用材料等,优选车辆用灯具。
本发明的成型品能够通过激光熔接与其他成型品熔接,并作为树脂接合体。激光熔接时,将本发明的成型品用作吸收激光束的“吸收材料”,将其他成型品用作透射激光束的“透射材料”。
作为透射材料的材料,只要能够透射激光束则不特别限定,例如可以列举丙烯酸树脂、聚碳酸酯树脂等。
通过本发明得到的树脂接合体可在接合部抑制烧焦、变色,外观优异。并且,具有充分的接合强度。
实施例
下面,通过实施例以及比较例进一步具体说明本发明,但是,本发明不限于下面的实施例。此外,以下例子中的“%”以及“份”在不特别说明的情况下是质量基准。
以下的实施例以及比较例中的各种测量以及评估方法如下所述。
“测量、评估”
<光反射率(%R)的测量>
使用4盎司注射成型机(日本制钢所株式会社生产),在料筒设定温度260℃、模具温度60℃、射出率20g/秒的条件下,由颗粒状的热塑性树脂组合物制作长度100mm、宽度100mm、厚度2mm的板状的试验片(成型品)。然后,将标准白板(BaSO4)的全反射率作为100%,使用分光光度计(日本分光株式会社生产、“V-770”)以波长间隔1nm测量波长380nm~1180nm的光的全反射率。
<光透射率(%T)的测量>
在设定温度250℃,由颗粒状的热塑性树脂组合物制作厚度0.1mm的膜状的试验片。然后,使用分光光度计(日本分光株式会社生产、“V-770”),以波长间隔1nm测量波长380nm~1180nm的光的透射率。
<光吸收率(%A)的计算>
使用测量的光反射率(%R)以及光透射率(%T),根据公式(1),通过波长间隔1nm计算出波长380nm~1180nm的光的吸收率。
<耐冲击性的评估>
基于ISO 3167,使用注射成型机(东芝株式会社生产、“IS55FP-1.5A”),由颗粒状的热塑性树脂组合物制作试验片(成型品)。基于ISO179在23℃环境下测量得到的试验片的夏比冲击强度。
<激光熔接外观的评估>
使用4盎司注射成型机(日本制钢所株式会社生产),在料筒设定温度260℃、模具温度60℃、射出率20g/秒的条件下,由颗粒状的丙烯酸树脂制作长度100mm、宽度100mm、厚度2mm的板状的试验片(成型品),将其用作透射材料。
另一方面,作为吸收材料,使用颗粒状的本发明的热塑性树脂组合物,使用与所述丙烯酸树脂同等的条件制作的试验片。
将吸收材料与透射材料叠加,使用激光树脂熔接装置(Finedevice株式会社生产),以下述条件将激光束从透射材料侧照射,与吸收材料熔接,得到树脂接合体。目测评估得到的树脂接合体的接合部的熔接外观。
(熔接条件)
·输出:6W
·焦距:3mm
·扫描速度:5mm/秒
·熔接长度:20mm
·压力:0.5MPa
<色调的评估>
使用与测量光反射率中使用的相同的试验片,通过色度计测量亮度(L值)。L值越低,越为深色,色调优异。
<制造例1:接枝共聚物(A-1)的制造>
在具备试剂注射容器、冷却管、夹套加热机以及搅拌装置的反应器内装入离子交换水150份、固体成分换算的聚丁二烯胶乳(体积平均粒径0.2μm)50份,歧化松香酸钾1份、氢氧化钾0.03份,加热到60℃后,以120分钟添加硫酸亚铁七水合物0.007份、焦磷酸钠0.1份、结晶葡萄糖0.3份。然后,滴落由丙烯腈15份、苯乙烯35份、异丙苯过氧化氢0.4份、叔十二烷基硫醇0.5份构成的混合液,进行聚合。滴落结束后,将温度70℃的状态保持60分钟后,添加异丙苯过氧化氢0.05份,然后,将温度70℃的状态保持30分钟后,进行冷却,得到对聚丁二烯接枝聚合丙烯腈以及苯乙烯的聚丁二烯类的接枝共聚物(A-1)的胶乳。
然后,向胶乳中添加抗氧化剂,将1%硫酸水溶液150份加热至60℃,向其中缓慢滴落接枝共聚物(A-1)的胶乳100份,进行凝聚。然后,分离析出物,脱水、清洗后进行干燥,得到接枝共聚物(A-1)。
“含酸基的共聚物胶乳的制造”
<制造例2:含酸基的共聚物胶乳(K)的制造>
在具备试剂注射容器、冷却管、夹套加热机以及搅拌装置的反应器内,在氮气流下装入离子交换水200份、油酸钾2份、二辛基磺基琥珀酸钠4份、硫酸亚铁七水合物0.003份、乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐0.009份、甲醛次硫酸氢钠0.3份,升温至60℃。从变为60℃的时刻开始,以120分钟连续滴落由丙烯酸正丁酯85份、甲基丙烯酸15份、异丙苯过氧化氢0.5份构成的混合物。滴落结束后,在保持60℃状态下进行两小时的老化,得到固体成分33%、聚合转化率96%、含酸基的共聚物的体积平均粒径120nm的含酸基的共聚物胶乳(K)。
<制造例3:接枝共聚物(A-2)的制造>
在具备试剂注射容器、冷却管、夹套加热机以及搅拌装置的反应器内,添加由离子交换水190份、链烯基琥珀酸二钾0.6份、丙烯酸正丁酯50份、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯0.6份、叔丁基过氧化氢0.1份构成的混合物。在该反应器中流通氮气流从而进行氮环境置换,将内部温度升温至55℃。在内部温度到达55℃的时刻,添加由硫酸亚铁七水合物0.0001份、乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐0.0003份、甲醛次硫酸氢钠0.2份、离子交换水10份构成的水溶液,开始自由基聚合。确认到聚合发热后,将夹套温度设定为75℃,继续聚合,直到确认不到聚合发热,然后保持该状态一小时。得到的橡胶态聚合物的体积平均粒径为100nm。
在反应器内部的液体温度降低至70℃后,添加固体成分0.6份的5%焦磷酸钠水溶液。在控制内部温度70℃后,添加固体成分1.2份的含酸基的共聚物胶乳(K),搅拌30分钟,进行膨胀,得到橡胶态聚合物的胶乳。
得到的胶乳状的橡胶态聚合物的体积平均粒径为285nm。
向得到的橡胶态聚合物的胶乳中以100分钟添加由硫酸亚铁七水合物0.001份、乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐0.003份、甲醛次硫酸氢钠0.3份、离子交换水10份构成的水溶液。然后,滴落由丙烯腈15份、苯乙烯35份、叔丁基过氧化氢0.225份构成的混合液,进行聚合。滴落结束后,将温度80℃的状态保持30分钟后,添加异丙苯过氧化氢0.05份,然后,将温度75℃的状态保持30分钟后,进行冷却,得到接枝共聚物(A-2)的胶乳。
然后,将1.5%硫酸水溶液100份加热至80℃,向其中缓慢滴落接枝共聚物(A-2)的胶乳100份,进行凝聚。然后,分离析出物,脱水、清洗后进行干燥,得到接枝共聚物(A-2)。
<制造例4:接枝共聚物(A-3)的制造>
在具备试剂注射容器、冷却管、夹套加热机以及搅拌装置的反应器内,添加由离子交换水160份、固体成分换算为10份的聚丁二烯胶乳(体积平均粒径0.2μm)、丙烯酸正丁酯40份、链烯基琥珀酸二钾0.2份、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯0.2份、丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯0.1份、叔丁基过氧化氢0.1份构成的混合物。在该反应器中流通氮气流从而进行氮环境置换,将内部温度升温至60℃。在内部温度到达60℃的时刻,添加由硫酸亚铁七水合物0.0002份、乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐0.0006份、甲醛次硫酸氢钠0.25份、离子交换水3份构成的水溶液,开始自由基聚合。确认到聚合发热后,将夹套温度设定为75℃,继续聚合。直到确认不到聚合发热,然后,将该状态维持一小时,进行种子聚合,得到复合橡胶态聚合物。
向得到的复合橡胶态聚合物的胶乳中添加由链烯基琥珀酸二钾0.6份、甲醛次硫酸氢钠0.2份、离子交换水3份构成的水溶液。然后,以120分钟滴落由丙烯腈12.5份、苯乙烯37.5份、叔丁基过氧化氢0.3份、正辛基硫醇0.1份构成的混合液,进行聚合。滴落结束后,将温度80℃的状态保持30分钟后,添加异丙苯过氧化氢0.05份,然后,将温度75℃的状态保持30分钟,完成接枝聚合。向通过上述反应得到聚合物中添加抗氧化剂,得到接枝共聚物(A-3)的胶乳。
然后,将1.5%硫酸水溶液100份加热至50℃,向其中缓慢滴落接枝共聚物(A-3)的胶乳100份,进行凝聚。然后,分离析出物,脱水、清洗后进行干燥,得到接枝共聚物(A-3)。
“其他热塑性树脂(B)”
<制造例3:其他热塑性树脂(B-1)的制造>
将丙烯腈27份与苯乙烯73份通过已知的悬浮聚合方式聚合,得到通过N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液在25℃测量到的还原粘度为0.61dl/g的丙烯腈-苯乙烯共聚物。将其用作其他热塑性树脂(B-1)。
<制造例4:其他热塑性树脂(B-2)的制造>
将丙烯腈19份、苯乙烯53份以及N-苯基马来酰亚胺28份通过已知的连续溶液聚合方式聚合,得到通过N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液在25℃测量到的还原粘度为0.65dl/g的丙烯腈-苯乙烯-N-苯基马来酰亚胺三元共聚物。将其用作其他热塑性树脂(B-2)。
<任意成分>
作为颜料,使用以下物质。
·炭黑:三菱化学株式会社生产的“#960”
·氧化铁:户田工业株式会社生产的“KN-320”
·氧化钛:Tayca株式会社生产的“JR-407”
作为染料,使用以下物质。
·紫环酮类染料:LANXESS株式会社的“MACROLEX Orange 3G”
·蒽醌类染料:LANXESS株式会社的“MACROLEX Red Violet R”
·蒽醌类染料:LANXESS株式会社的“MACROLEX Green 5B”
“实施例1~7、比较例1~4”
将表1~2所示用量的接枝共聚物(A)、其他热塑性树脂(B)、炭黑、氧化钛、氧化铁、染料、乙烯基双硬脂酰胺1份、硅油SH200(东丽道康宁株式会社生产)0.2份、ADK STAB AO-60(ADEKA株式会社生产)0.2份、ADK STAB LA-57(ADEKA株式会社生产)0.4份使用亨舍尔搅拌机混合。使用螺旋式挤出机(日本制钢所株式会社生产、“TEX-30α型双轴挤出机”),将得到的混合物在250℃进行熔融混炼后,通过造粒机得到颗粒化的热塑性树脂组合物。
使用得到的颗粒状的热塑性树脂组合物制作试验片(成型品),测量光反射率以及光透射率,计算出光吸收率,评估耐冲击性、激光熔接外观以及色调。它们的结果如表1~2所示。
表2
表1~2中的近红外%A/可见%R是将近红外区域的光吸收率的平均值作为近红外%A、将可见光区域的光反射率的平均值作为可见%R时的近红外%A与可见%R的比例。
如表1~2所示,通过各实施例得到的热塑性树脂组合物的耐冲击性优异,激光熔接外观优异,并且,可得到色调优异的成型品。另外,通过各实施例得到的树脂接合体的透射材料与吸收材料充分接合。
另一方面,各比较例中,成型品的耐冲击性、激光熔接外观、色调各个项目的结果均较差。
具体来讲,比较例1中,可见%R为10%以上,因此,色调较差。
比较例2中,近红外%A为93%以上,因此,激光熔接外观较差。
比较例3中,近红外%A小于25%,因此,透射材料与吸收材料无法充分接合。
比较例4中,不包含接枝共聚物(A),因此,耐冲击性较差。
工业实用性
根据本发明,能够提供可得到色调以及激光熔接后的外观优异且作为树脂部件具有充分的耐冲击性的成型品的热塑性树脂组合物。特别是,成型品的色调与激光熔接后的外观的均衡性可达到现有已知热塑性树脂组合物所无法达到的非常高的水平,作为灯具、内部装潢、外部装潢等的车辆用部件、OA机器、家电部件、医疗用器具、各种工业用材料的利用价值极高。

Claims (3)

1.一种热塑性树脂组合物,包含对橡胶态聚合物(a1)接枝乙烯基聚合物(a2)的接枝共聚物(A),其特征在于,
当从可见光区域到近红外光区域中以波长间隔1nm测量光反射率(%R)以及下式(1)所表示的光吸收率(%A)时,满足下述条件:
380nm~780nm的光反射率的平均值(可见%R)为5%~10%;以及
780nm~1180nm的光吸收率的平均值(近红外%A)为25%~93%,
其中,光吸收率(%A)=100-光透射率(%T)-光反射率(%R) (1)
2.根据权利要求1所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其特征在于,
近红外区域的光吸收率的平均值与可见光区域的光反射率的平均值之比(近红外%A/可见%R)为4.5~16.5。
3.一种成型品,其特征在于,所述成型品是由权利要求1或2所述的热塑性树脂组合物成型后的成型品。
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