CN108243929B - Chinese pine seedling raising method - Google Patents
Chinese pine seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108243929B CN108243929B CN201810141991.3A CN201810141991A CN108243929B CN 108243929 B CN108243929 B CN 108243929B CN 201810141991 A CN201810141991 A CN 201810141991A CN 108243929 B CN108243929 B CN 108243929B
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- chinese pine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for raising seedlings of Chinese pine, which only uses decomposed mushroom residue or pine bark as a culture medium for raising seedlings of Chinese pine, the culture medium is contained in a container with holes on the side surface and no hole on the bottom, Chinese pine seeds are planted after the culture medium is thoroughly watered in a sprinkling irrigation mode, and then the container is placed on the ground without water in an interval mode with gaps between the containers for raising seedlings of Chinese pine. The method for culturing the seedlings of the Chinese pine, which is disclosed by the invention, not only solves the problems that a culture substrate floats when meeting water due to light weight, is difficult to thoroughly water due to small volume weight and is easy to lose moisture, but also reduces the limitation of the mushroom residue substrate on seed germination due to high salinity, so that the seed germination rate, the survival rate of Chinese pine seedlings and the plant height are improved, and the method for culturing the seedlings of the Chinese pine, which is more convenient, efficient and more remarkable in economic value, is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese pine seedling culture, in particular to a Chinese pine seedling culture method.
Background
The P.tabulaeformis is a main afforestation tree species in northern mountain areas of Hebei province, the traditional Chinese pine seedling culture uses garden soil as a main culture medium, and the garden soil has the problems of poor water and fertilizer retention effect, great capacity, inconvenience in carrying, easiness in agglomeration and the like, so that the afforestation transportation cost is high, and the afforestation survival rate is influenced.
With the research and development of soilless culture technology, the use of organic solid wastes generated in agriculture and urban landscaping as a renewable environment-friendly substrate becomes an important development direction. Researches show that waste mushroom residues generated by mushroom planting and waste pine bark generated in the pine seedling growing process can be used as a culture medium for Chinese pine cultivation, so that the problems of space occupation and environmental pollution caused by disordered stacking and placing of the waste can be solved, waste can be changed into valuable, and economic value is created. However, when the mushroom residues or the pine barks are used as the culture medium for the field independently, the substrate drifts when the field is irrigated and watered due to the problems of poor water absorption, light weight, easy floating and the like of the substrate, which brings difficulty to irrigation; in addition, as the volume weight of the substrates such as the mushroom dregs and the pine barks is smaller, the loss of water can not be blocked, and the substrates are difficult to be poured thoroughly; moreover, the salt-containing phase in the mushroom dregs is relatively high, which is not beneficial to seed germination; thereby affecting the wide use of the substrate in the cultivation process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the Chinese pine seedling growing method, which not only solves the problems that when decomposed mushroom residues or pine barks are used as a culture medium for growing Chinese pine seedlings, the medium floats in water, the mushroom residues have high salt content and are not beneficial to seed germination, and the like, but also better exerts the nutritive value of the medium, and improves the seed germination rate, the Chinese pine seedling survival rate and the plant height in the Chinese pine seedling growing process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the Chinese pine seedling raising method provided by the invention only uses decomposed mushroom residues or pine bark as a culture medium for Chinese pine seedling raising, the culture medium is contained in a container with holes on the side surface and no hole on the bottom, Chinese pine seeds are planted after the culture medium is thoroughly watered in a sprinkling irrigation mode, and then the container is placed on the ground without water in an interval mode with gaps between the containers to carry out Chinese pine seedling raising;
the opening of the side face of the container is located 0.5-0.8 cm away from the bottom face.
The Chinese pine seedling raising method of the invention fully utilizes the nutrition of metabolites such as crude protein, crude fat, nitrogen-free extract and the like contained in rotten mushroom residues or pine barks and mineral substances such as Ca, P, K, Si and the like as a nutrition substrate for sprouting and raising the Chinese pine seeds, simultaneously uses a container with a specific overflow hole on the side surface to contain the substrate, combines a spray irrigation mode to uniformly and thoroughly water the substrate, ensures that the substrate keeps humidity in the whole seedling raising process through a certain amount of water stored at the bottom of the container to supply moisture and nutrition for sprouting and seedling growth of the seeds, solves the problems that the mushroom residues or the pine barks float in the presence of water due to light weight, are difficult to thoroughly pour and the moisture is easy to dissipate, reduces the limitation of the mushroom residue substrate on sprouting of the seeds due to high salt content, thereby providing favorable environment for the Chinese pine seeds and the seedlings, and better absorbing the nutrition in the seedling raising process, improve the germination rate of seeds, the survival rate of Chinese pine seedlings and the height of plants. In the seedling culture method, the overflow holes are formed in the side surface of the container, so that the loss of the matrix is not easy to cause; the container is placed on the ground without water storage in a mode of reserving gaps, so that the air permeability of the opening of the container and the discharge of the salt of the matrix along with water are guaranteed; the position of the overflow hole is limited, so that a small amount of water can be stored to play a moisturizing role, a small amount of matrix can be arranged at the lower end of the hole as much as possible, and the influence of the water stored below the hole on the quality of the matrix is reduced; the method is combined with an irrigation mode, so that the adverse effect on seedling culture in the prior art by taking light substances such as mushroom residues or pine bark as culture mediums is solved; through the optimization of the technical scheme, the Chinese pine seedling raising method which is more convenient, more efficient and more remarkable in economic value is obtained.
As a limitation to the above technical solution, the method for raising seedlings of Chinese pine comprises the following steps:
a. decomposing mushroom residues or pine barks, screening and removing impurities to obtain a culture medium for raising seedlings of Chinese pine;
b. selecting a container with a hole not formed in the bottom, symmetrically forming 1-2 holes with the diameter of 2-3 mm on the side surface of the container, and taking the holes as containers for containing culture mediums;
c. the culture medium is filled to 85-92% of the volume of the container, the culture medium is thoroughly poured in a sprinkling irrigation belt mode, the Chinese pine seeds are planted in the culture medium at a position 1.5-3 cm away from the surface, and finally the containers are placed on the ground without water storage in an interval mode with gaps, so that the Chinese pine seedlings are cultured.
The operation steps of the seedling raising method and the factor parameters of each step are further limited, especially for the arrangement of overflow holes on the side surface of the container, the number and the aperture of the holes are limited, so that the moisture in the container can be ensured to be smoothly seeped, the salt in the mushroom matrix can be discharged along with the water, the problems of matrix loss and too fast water loss can be avoided, the nutrition function of the matrix can be fully exerted on the basis of solving the adverse influence of mushroom residue or pine bark matrix on the sprouting and seedling growth of seeds in the seedling stage in the seedling raising process, and the germination rate of the seeds, the survival rate of the oil pine seedlings and the plant height are improved.
As a limitation to the technical scheme, the preparation of the rotten and cooked mushroom slag comprises the following steps:
stacking raw material lentinus edodes residues according to an aerobic dynamic composting process, thoroughly decomposing, composting in the open air, stacking into a conical stack with the height of 1.5m and the diameter of 2.5-3 m, covering a white plastic film, controlling the water content of the stack body to be 30% -35%, placing thermocouples in the depth of 40cm from the surface in all 4 directions of east, south, west and north of the stack body, observing the temperature, and finishing the thoroughly decomposing when the temperature does not change any more.
As a limitation to the technical scheme, the preparation of the decomposed pine bark comprises the following steps:
crushing raw pine barks, taking pine barks with the particle size of 5-8 mm, stacking and decomposing according to an aerobic dynamic composting process, stacking and fermenting in the open air, stacking into conical stacks with the height of 1.5m and the diameter of 2.5-3 m, covering with a white plastic film, controlling the water content of the stack body to be 60-65%, adding 10% of urea, placing thermocouple point thermometers in the east, south, west and north directions of the stack body and at the positions 40cm deep from the surface, observing the temperature, and finishing the decomposition when the temperature does not change any more.
As a limitation to the technical scheme, in the process of raising the seedlings of the Chinese pine, the culture medium is thoroughly irrigated by sprinkling irrigation every 2 days, and the Chinese pine seedlings are stored in an open greenhouse for culture.
Further limiting the conditions of preparation of the decomposed culture medium, management of the seedling raising period and the like, improving the seedling raising method and improving the survival rate of the seedlings.
In conclusion, according to the method for raising seedlings of Chinese pine, which is obtained by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the container with the specific overflow hole in the side surface is used for accommodating nutrient substrates such as rotten mushroom residues or pine barks, and then the sprinkling irrigation mode is combined to uniformly and thoroughly water the substrates, so that the substrates keep humidity in the whole seedling raising process to supply moisture and nutrition for seed germination and seedling growth, the problems that the mushroom residues or the pine barks float in water due to light weight, are difficult to thoroughly water due to small volume weight and are easy to dissipate moisture are solved, the limitation of the mushroom residue substrates on seed germination due to high salinity is reduced, the seed germination rate, the survival rate of Chinese pine seedlings and the plant height are improved, and the Chinese pine seedling raising method which is more convenient, efficient and has more obvious economic value is obtained.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
Example 1
The embodiment relates to a Chinese pine seedling raising method which comprises the following steps:
a. decomposing the mushroom residues, screening and removing impurities to obtain a material with the diameter of less than 5mm, and using the material as a culture medium for raising seedlings of Chinese pine;
the preparation method of the rotten and cooked mushroom residues comprises the following steps: stacking raw material mushroom residues according to an aerobic dynamic composting process, thoroughly decomposing, stacking in the open, stacking into conical stacks with the height of about 1.5m and the diameter of 2.5-3 m, covering white plastic films, controlling the water content (in percentage by mass) of the stacks to be 30% -35%, placing thermocouples at the depth of 40cm from the surface in 4 directions of east, south, west and north of the stacks, observing the temperature, and finishing the thoroughly decomposing when the temperature does not change any more;
b. selecting a white hard plastic cup with a hole-free bottom as a container, wherein the container is a cylinder with a thick upper part and a thin lower part, so as to ensure that the container is stably shaped, does not collapse and does not deform in the seedling growing process; the side surface of the container is symmetrically provided with 2 holes with the diameter of 2mm, and the holes are used as containers for containing culture mediums;
c. putting 290ml of culture medium into a container with the volume of 320ml, irrigating the culture medium by adopting a spray pipe belt spray irrigation mode, planting Chinese pine seeds after the medium is uniformly watered thoroughly, planting the seeds at a position 1.5-3 cm away from the surface in the culture medium, 2 seeds per cup, finally putting the container on the ground without water storage in an interval mode with gaps, carrying out seedling culture on the Chinese pine, carrying out spray irrigation once every 2 days in the seedling culture process to thoroughly irrigate the culture medium, ensuring the substrate to be moist, and storing Chinese pine seedlings in an open greenhouse for culture.
And (3) investigating the germination rate of the Chinese pine seeds 35 days after the Chinese pine seeds are planted, investigating the survival rate of the Chinese pine seeds and the seedling degree and diameter of the plants 60 days, randomly extracting the Chinese pine seedlings for each treatment to determine the height of the plants, and treating 20 plants for each treatment.
Example 2
The embodiment relates to a Chinese pine seedling raising method which comprises the following steps:
a. decomposing pine bark, sieving, removing impurities to obtain material with diameter less than 8mm as culture medium for raising Chinese pine seedling;
the preparation method of the decomposed pine bark comprises the following steps: crushing raw pine barks, stacking and decomposing pine barks with the particle size of 5-8 mm according to an aerobic dynamic composting process, stacking and decomposing in the open air, stacking into conical stacks with the height of about 1.5m and the diameter of 2.5-3 m, covering a white plastic film, controlling the water content (calculated by mass percent) of the stacks to be 60-65%, adding urea with the mass of 10% of the stacks, placing thermocouple point thermometers in the east, south, west and north directions of the stacks, which are all 40cm deep from the surface, and observing the temperature until the decomposition is finished when the temperature does not change any more;
b. selecting a white hard plastic cup with a hole-free bottom as a container, wherein the container is a cylinder with a thick upper part and a thin lower part, so as to ensure that the container is stably shaped, does not collapse and does not deform in the seedling growing process; the side surface of the container is symmetrically provided with 1 hole with the diameter of 3mm, and the hole is used as a container for containing a culture medium;
c. putting 280ml of culture medium into a container with the volume of 320ml, irrigating the culture medium by adopting a spray pipe belt spray irrigation mode, planting Chinese pine seeds after the medium is uniformly watered thoroughly, planting the seeds at a position 1.5-3 cm away from the surface in the culture medium, 2 seeds per cup, finally putting the container on the ground without water storage in an interval mode with gaps, carrying out seedling culture on the Chinese pine, carrying out spray irrigation once every 2 days in the seedling culture process to thoroughly irrigate the culture medium, ensuring the substrate to be moist, and storing Chinese pine seedlings in an open greenhouse for culture.
And (3) investigating the germination rate of the Chinese pine seeds 35 days after the Chinese pine seeds are planted, investigating the survival rate of the Chinese pine seeds and the seedling degree and diameter of the plants 60 days, randomly extracting the Chinese pine seedlings for each treatment to determine the height of the plants, and treating 20 plants for each treatment.
The results of the measurements of examples 1 and 2 are shown in the following table and compared with the results of conventional raising of seedlings of Chinese pine using field soil.
| Type of matrix | Germination rate/% | Survival rate/% | Plant height/cm | Diameter/mm |
| Mushroom residue matrix | 85 | 95 | 10.09±0.26 | 1.50±0.05 |
| Pine bark substrate | 89 | 96 | 10.46±0.17 | 1.62±0.02 |
| Traditional garden soil | 79 | 90 | 6.98±0.14 | 1.18±0.03 |
The results in the table show that the Chinese pine seedling raising method can effectively utilize the waste of the mushroom residue and the pine bark as the culture medium, obviously improve the germination rate of Chinese pine seeds, the survival rate of Chinese pine seedlings and the height and diameter of Chinese pine seedlings, and has obvious value for Chinese pine seedling raising.
In conclusion, according to the method for culturing the seedlings of the Chinese pine, only decomposed mushroom residues or pine barks are used as a culture medium for culturing the seedlings of the Chinese pine, a container with a specific overflow hole in the side surface is used for accommodating the culture medium, then a spray irrigation mode is combined, the medium is uniformly and thoroughly irrigated, and the humidity of the medium is kept in the whole seedling culturing process to supply water and nutrition for seed germination and seedling growth, so that the problems that the mushroom residues or the pine barks float in water due to light weight, the mushroom residues are difficult to thoroughly irrigate due to small volume weight, and the water is easy to dissipate are solved, the limitation of the mushroom residue medium on the seed germination due to high salt content is reduced, the seed germination rate, the survival rate of the Chinese pine seedlings and the plant height are improved, and the method for culturing the seedlings of the Chinese pine, which is more convenient and efficient and has more remarkable economic.
Claims (4)
1. A method for raising seedlings of Chinese pine is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method only uses decomposed mushroom residue or pine bark as a culture medium for culturing the seedlings of the Chinese pine, the culture medium is contained in a container with holes on the side surface and no hole on the bottom, the seeds of the Chinese pine are planted after the culture medium is thoroughly watered in a sprinkling irrigation mode, and then the container is placed on the ground without water storage in an interval mode with mutual gaps for culturing the seedlings of the Chinese pine;
the opening of the side face of the container is located at a position 0.5-0.8 cm away from the bottom face;
the Chinese pine seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
a. decomposing mushroom residues or pine barks with the particle size of 5-8 mm, screening, and removing impurities to obtain a culture medium for raising the seedlings of the Chinese pine;
b. selecting a container with a hole not formed in the bottom, symmetrically forming 1-2 holes with the diameter of 2-3 mm on the side surface of the container, and taking the holes as containers for containing culture mediums;
c. the culture medium is filled to 85-92% of the volume of the container, the culture medium is thoroughly poured in a sprinkling irrigation belt mode, the Chinese pine seeds are planted in the culture medium at a position 1.5-3 cm away from the surface, and finally the containers are placed on the ground without water storage in an interval mode with gaps, so that the Chinese pine seedlings are cultured.
2. The method for raising seedlings of Chinese pine according to claim 1, wherein the preparation of the rotten mushroom dregs comprises the following steps:
stacking raw material lentinus edodes residues according to an aerobic dynamic composting process, thoroughly decomposing, composting in the open air, stacking into a conical stack with the height of 1.5m and the diameter of 2.5-3 m, covering a white plastic film, controlling the water content of the stack body to be 30% -35%, placing thermocouples in the depth of 40cm from the surface in all 4 directions of east, south, west and north of the stack body, observing the temperature, and finishing the thoroughly decomposing when the temperature does not change any more.
3. The method for raising seedlings of Chinese pine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation method of the decomposed pine bark comprises the following steps:
crushing raw pine barks, taking pine barks with the particle size of 5-8 mm, stacking and decomposing according to an aerobic dynamic composting process, stacking and fermenting in the open air, stacking into conical stacks with the height of 1.5m and the diameter of 2.5-3 m, covering with a white plastic film, controlling the water content of the stack body to be 60-65%, adding 10% of urea, placing thermocouple point thermometers in the east, south, west and north directions of the stack body and at the positions 40cm deep from the surface, observing the temperature, and finishing the decomposition when the temperature does not change any more.
4. The method for raising seedlings of Chinese pine according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the seedling raising process of the Chinese pine, the culture medium is thoroughly irrigated by sprinkling irrigation once every 2 days, and the Chinese pine seedlings are stored in an open greenhouse for culture.
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| CN110199721A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-09-06 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | A kind of Light media depth cultivation method for cultivating seedlings |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN2574385Y (en) * | 2002-10-14 | 2003-09-24 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | Water retaining square grow seedling cup |
| CN103641523A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-03-19 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | Mushroom residue culture medium suitable for growth of Chinese pine and method for precisely and accurately regulating culture medium |
| CN103755401A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-04-30 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | Sludge lentinus edodes residue growing media suitable for growth of Chinese pine and preparation method of sludge lentinus edodes residue growing media |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1264398C (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2006-07-19 | 华利军 | Culturing method for sapling of Chinese pine or Chinese juniper by container in greenhouse |
| CN103999770B (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2016-08-31 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of long root induction culturing method of Chinese pine seedling |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2574385Y (en) * | 2002-10-14 | 2003-09-24 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | Water retaining square grow seedling cup |
| CN103641523A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-03-19 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | Mushroom residue culture medium suitable for growth of Chinese pine and method for precisely and accurately regulating culture medium |
| CN103755401A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-04-30 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | Sludge lentinus edodes residue growing media suitable for growth of Chinese pine and preparation method of sludge lentinus edodes residue growing media |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 松树皮基质不同粒径配比对油松苗生长影响;武亚敬等;《中南林业科技大学学报》;20160228;第72页 * |
| 松树皮的田间堆制腐熟技术;武亚敬等;《林业科技开发》;20151230;第62页 * |
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