CN108219900B - 润滑脂组合物和用于制造其的方法 - Google Patents
润滑脂组合物和用于制造其的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108219900B CN108219900B CN201711318501.4A CN201711318501A CN108219900B CN 108219900 B CN108219900 B CN 108219900B CN 201711318501 A CN201711318501 A CN 201711318501A CN 108219900 B CN108219900 B CN 108219900B
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/02—Mixtures of base-materials and thickeners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/32—Esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M119/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a macromolecular compound
- C10M119/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M119/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a macromolecular compound
- C10M119/24—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
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Abstract
本发明涉及包括润滑基础油和增稠剂的润滑脂组合物,该增稠剂包括聚合物和酯封端的低聚物,其中所述聚合物为聚烯烃,且其中所述酯封端的低聚物具有如下通式:R1‑O‑[CO‑R2‑CO‑NH‑R3‑NH‑CO‑R2‑CO]n‑O‑R1,其中R1各自独立地表示包含4‑22个碳原子的烃基团;R2表示包含4‑42个碳原子的烃基团;R3表示包含2‑9个碳原子的烃基团;以及n表示在1‑20范围内的整数。本发明还涉及该润滑脂组合物的制备方法。此外,本发明还涉及该润滑脂组合物用于润滑具有金属表面的机械组件的用途及其用于保护具有金属表面的机械组件抵抗腐蚀、磨损和/或微动摩蚀的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及润滑脂(油脂,grease)组合物;和润滑脂组合物的制备方法。本发明还涉及所述润滑脂组合物用于润滑具有金属表面的机械组件的用途;和所述润滑脂组合物用于保护具有金属表面的机械组件抵抗(免受)腐蚀、磨损和/或微动摩蚀(擦伤,fretting)的用途。
背景技术
润滑脂组合物广泛地用于润滑轴承和其它结构组件。润滑脂是用于降低例如磨损、摩擦、腐蚀、运转温度和能量损耗的必要产品。
润滑脂是包括基础油的材料,该基础油例如使用金属皂或磺酸钙作为增稠剂增稠。这为润滑脂提供用于在滚动或滑动条件下持续地润滑机械元件、如在滚动轴承的情形中所需的期望的物理和化学结构。有很多种可获得的润滑脂增稠剂,其各自具有它本身的优点和缺点。简而言之,典型的锂基润滑脂(最常见的)由脂肪酸、通常为12-羟基硬脂酸和锂碱制成,以产生充当润滑脂增稠剂的简单皂(simple soap)。在锂-复合润滑脂中,所述脂肪酸的一部分用另一种酸(通常为二元酸)所替代,形成复合皂。磺酸钙润滑脂可作为皂基润滑脂的替代物使用。它们具有在不存在添加剂的情况下提供高性能的潜力。
向润滑脂添加组分以提供必要的极压(extreme-pressure)/耐磨损性能和容许设备在最佳性能下运转的其它期望性质。这样的添加剂的功能是使磨损最小化、以及防止接触表面之间的刮伤和熔接。添加剂还可在所述添加剂在润滑的金属表面上物理-化学反应之后形成摩擦-减小的膜,从而导致减小摩擦和操作温度的期望性质。
润滑脂组合物的重要的性能益处在于协同组分的使用。高度期望不仅掺入的添加剂而且增稠剂:(i)提供不同性质例如极压/耐磨损性质、摩擦减小和腐蚀保护的协同改进,(ii)防止对其它性质例如润滑膜形成、或润滑脂机械稳定性(安定性)或低温性能的负面影响,(iii)以最低的可能的总的添加剂浓度实现期望的性能。
在很多应用中,暴露于水或高的湿度水平要求使用在抵抗腐蚀方面高度有效的润滑脂。抗腐蚀添加剂通常为中和在金属表面上的酸的表面活性剂。这些还可通过产生吸收以形成类油(油样)表面或通过经由掺入物理-化学表面膜中提供屏障物(阻挡物)而排斥水。
常规的润滑脂例如基于12-羟基硬脂酸锂的润滑脂组合物在耐摩擦和抗腐蚀性质方面留有改进空间。由于增稠剂和润滑的表面之间的强的极性相互作用,润滑脂添加剂的有效性降低,或替代地,只能通过增大添加剂浓度实现有效性能。
磺酸钙增稠的润滑脂可作为皂基润滑脂的替代物使用。由于磺酸钙增稠剂的与金属表面的相互作用和中和能力,它们具有在不存在另外的添加剂的情况下提供高性能的潜力。它们兼有良好的机械稳定性、非常强的极压/耐磨损性能和优异的防锈的性质。尽管磺酸钙润滑脂具有合意的性质,但是不利方面是用于增稠润滑脂所需的高浓度的磺酸钙浓度以及原料成本。此增稠剂的浓度在润滑脂中可变化到高至20-50百分比的值。
常规的润滑脂组合物具有如下另外的缺陷:由于机械剪切,它们经过一定的时间变成永久的液体,从而导致它们的润滑性能的劣化。
在润滑脂润滑的轴承中,润滑条件由于润滑脂硬化、润滑脂老化和源自在滚动接触附近储备的润滑脂部分的油贫化而随时间劣化。通常认为,润滑脂对于物理和化学老化是敏感的,且这是不可逆的过程。因此,润滑脂的固有性质是补充(replenish)滚动接触的有效性的损失。
在轴承中,润滑脂经历(相对)不利的润滑脂分配,其中位于滚动接触附近的小部分驱动润滑性能,而润滑脂的较大部分在润滑过程中是不起作用的。本质上,这导致按时在应用中补充润滑脂/油不足。由于润滑脂老化/硬化,通过再润滑补充润滑脂可能是困难的。
通常,润滑脂的制造是复杂且能量密集的(耗能的)过程。性能可靠性和产品品质要求丰富的经验和工艺技术的深度认知。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供如下的润滑脂组合物:当与常规的润滑脂组合物相比时,其呈现改善的润滑性能。
现已发现当所述润滑脂组合物包括特定增稠剂时,所述目的可实现。
因此,本发明涉及包括润滑基础油和增稠剂的润滑脂组合物,该增稠剂包括酯封端的低聚物和聚合物,其中所述聚合物为聚烯烃,且其中所述酯封端的低聚物具有如下通式:R1-O-[CO-R2-CO-NH-R3-NH-CO-R2-CO]n-O-R1,其中R1各自独立地表示包含4-22个碳原子的烃基团;R2表示包含4-42个碳原子的烃基团,注意R2基团的至少50%具有30-42个碳原子;R3表示除了氢原子之外还包含2-9个碳原子、任选地包含一个或多个氧和氮原子的烃基团;以及n表示在1-20范围内的整数,且其中润滑基础油和酯封端的低聚物之间的重量比(油/低聚物)大于1。
根据本发明的润滑脂组合物具有如下优点:当与常规的润滑脂组合物相比时,它们呈现改进的润滑性能。该改进通过所述增稠剂的导致较少的润滑脂老化的机械性质实现。所述增稠剂促进在待润滑的机械组件的表面上形成多孔的留油层。进而,该层促进在所述机械组件上形成润滑膜,其减少表面疲劳的风险且导致减少的磨损。此外,所述增稠剂呈现优异的在润滑基础油中的溶解性。另外,作为本发明的润滑脂组合物改进的润滑性能的结果,可适当地减少或甚至避免其它方式所需的侵蚀性添加剂的量。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的组合物包括润滑基础油和增稠剂,该增稠剂包括低聚物和聚合物。
优选地,本发明的润滑脂组合物包括:
(a)75-90wt.%的润滑基础油;
(b)1-19wt.%的酯封端的低聚物;和
(c)1-19wt.%的聚合物,该聚合物为聚烯烃,所有重量基于润滑脂组合物的总重量。
更优选地,本发明的润滑脂组合物包括:
(a)76-84wt.%的润滑基础油;
(b)11-15wt.%的酯封端的低聚物;和
(c)5-9wt.%的聚合物,该聚合物为聚烯烃,所有重量基于润滑脂组合物的总重量。
R1表示包含4-22个碳原子的烃基团。该烃基团可为直链或支链的烃基团,该烃基团可为单链烃基团或多链烃基团;该烃基团可为饱和或不饱和的烃基团;和/或,该烃基团可为取代或未取代的烃基团。在该烃基团为取代的烃基团的情形中,该烃基团可包含另外的官能团,例如酸、醇或胺基团。优选地,R1表示未取代的烃基团。
优选地,R1表示源自一元醇的烃基团。可适宜地由其得到R1的一元醇的合适实例包括硬脂醇、棕榈醇、月桂醇和油醇。一元醇优选为硬脂醇或油醇。更优选地,R1源自硬脂醇。适宜地,R1表示包含4-22个碳原子、优选地4-20个碳原子和更优选地1-18个碳原子的烃基团。
R2表示包含4-42个碳原子的烃基团。该烃基团可为直链或支链的烃基团;该烃基团可为单链烃基团或多链烃基团;该烃基团可为饱和或不饱和的烃基团;和/或,该烃基团可为取代或未取代的烃基团。在该烃基团为取代的烃基团的情形中,该烃基团可包含另外的官能团,例如醇、胺和/或羧酸基团。适宜地,R2表示被羧酸基团所取代的烃基团。
优选地,R2表示源自二元酸、三元酸、二聚酸或三聚酸的烃基团。优选地,R2表示源自二元酸的烃基团。可适宜地由其得到R2的二元酸的合适实例包括戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸或十三烷二酸。优选地,R2源自戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸或十三烷二酸。更优选地,所述二元酸源自己二酸、壬二酸或癸二酸。所述二聚酸优选地源自两分子的硬脂酸或油酸。适宜地,R2表示包含4-42个碳原子、优选4-40个碳原子和更优选4-36个碳原子的烃基团。
二聚酸的合适实例包括已经由两个各自包含14-22个碳原子的脂肪酸例如油酸、山萮酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸或亚麻酸的单体得到的二羧酸。优选地,所述二聚酸已经由油酸、山萮酸、棕榈油酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸、亚麻酸及其任意组合的两个单体得到。优选地,所述二聚酸已经由硬脂酸或油酸得到。更优选地,所述二聚酸优选地由两分子硬脂酸或油酸得到。所述二元酸适宜地选自辛二酸、庚二酸、己二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸和十三烷二酸。在该情形中,所述二元酸优选为己二酸、壬二酸或癸二酸。
适宜地,使用通过脂肪酸的聚合获得的二聚酸或三聚酸。聚合的脂肪酸典型地为如下结构的混合物,在该结构中个体分子可为饱和的、不饱和的或环状的。典型地,不饱和脂肪酸用于形成二聚酸,且它们包括油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸。在聚合过程之后,可对二聚酸进行加氢以从烃链除去残留的不饱和度。在按照本发明使用的二聚酸或三聚酸中,两个或三个羧酸基团存在于组成所述二聚酸或三聚酸的不同脂肪酸链中。因此,这些二聚酸和三聚酸实质上不同于其中两个或三个羧酸基团分别存在于一个单链中的二元酸或三元酸。
在本发明的极具吸引力的实施方式中,酯封端的低聚物包含源自一种或多种二聚酸和一种或多种二元酸的两种R2烃基团,且源自二聚酸的R2烃基团(A)和源自二元酸的R2烃基团(B)之间的摩尔比(A/B)大于1、优选大于2且更优选在2.5-2.9的范围内。
优选地,酯封端的低聚物包含一种类型的二聚酸和一种类型的二元酸。
优选地,R2烃基团的至少50%源自二聚体或三聚体。本文中使用的酯封端的低聚物的重要方面为其在包含低极性润滑基础油的润滑组合物中的用途。
适宜地,R2表示包含4-44个碳原子的烃基团。R2优选地选自C4-42烃基团。优选地,R2表示包含28-44个碳原子的烃基团。优选地,在酯封端的低聚物中存在的R2烃基团的至少50%具有30-42个碳原子。
酯封端的低聚物还可源自包含小于28个碳原子的羧酸。本发明的润滑脂组合物包括可源自包含4-16个碳原子、优选4-12个碳原子和更优选6-9个碳原子的羧酸的低聚物。优选地,酯封端的低聚物由其得到的羧酸包括小于50wt.%、更优选小于30%和更优选小于12wt.%的这些较短羧酸。
R3表示包含2-9个碳原子的烃基团。该烃基团可为直链或支链的烃基团;该烃基团可为单链烃基团或多链烃基团;该烃基团可为饱和或不饱和的烃基团;和/或,该烃基团可为取代或未取代的烃基团。在该烃基团为取代的烃基团的情形中,该烃基团可包含另外的官能团,例如醇、酸和/或胺基团。优选地,R3表示未取代的烃基团。优选地,R3表示源自二胺或三胺的烃基团。R3独立地选自除了氢原子之外还包含至少2个碳原子、任选地包含一个或多个氧和氮原子的有机基团。
二胺的合适实例包括乙二胺、1,2-和1,3-丙二胺、四亚甲基二胺、六亚甲基二胺、八亚甲基二胺、1,2-二氨基环己烷、1,3-二(氨甲基)环己烷、二苯基乙二胺、邻、间亚苯基二胺、2,5-二氨基甲苯、二甲基-4-亚苯基二胺、N,N'-二丁基-1,4-亚苯基二胺、4,4-二氨基联苯和1,8-二氨基萘及其任意组合。优选地,所述二胺优选地,所述二胺为乙二胺、六亚甲基二胺、1,2-和1-3-丙二胺或邻/间亚苯基二胺及其任意组合。更优选地,所述二胺为乙二胺或六亚甲基二胺。
三胺的合适实例包括聚氧亚丙基三胺聚醚胺和甘油基聚(氧亚丙基)三胺聚醚胺,其具有3000-5000道尔顿的重均分子量,或其任意组合。
适宜地,R3表示包含2-9个碳原子、优选2-6个碳原子和更优选2-3个碳原子的烃基团。
按照本发明使用的酯封端的低聚物适宜地具有小于50、优选小于30和更优选小于15的酸值。
酯封端的低聚物的分子量适宜地在900-23300道尔顿的范围内,优选地在920-23250道尔顿的范围内,和更优选地在934-23221道尔顿的范围内。
按照本发明的酯封端的低聚物为具有酯端基的低聚物。按照本发明使用的酯封端的聚合物可适宜地由两步法得到,其中在第一步骤中,使过量的选自二元酸、三元酸、二聚酸和三聚酸的羧酸与选自二胺和三胺的胺进行反应而形成酸封端的低聚物。为了实现该步骤,使用摩尔过量的所述酸。在第二步骤中,随后将第一步骤中获得的产物与一元醇进行反应以形成酯封端的聚酰胺。
用于制备酯封端的低聚物的方法包括摩尔过量的羧酸与胺例如二胺或三胺的反应。然后,如此形成的缩合反应产物与一元醇进行反应。
优选地,酯封端的低聚物通过二聚酸、二元酸、二胺和一元醇的反应形成。二聚酸、二元酸和二胺将首先进行反应,其后获得的产物将与一元醇进行反应。为了确保酸端基会与一元醇进行反应,在第一步骤中使用摩尔过量的酸。
在这样的实施方式中,所述低聚物的重复单元将是二元酸、二聚酸和二胺的单体的组合,且酯端基由酸端基和一元醇得到。在这样的实施方式中,二胺的单体适宜地以在1-20wt%范围内、优选在4-8wt%范围内的量存在,基于酯封端的低聚物的总重量。二聚酸的单体适宜地以在35-75wt.%范围内、优选在55-70wt.%范围内的量存在,基于酯封端的低聚物的总重量;以及二元酸的单体适宜地以在2-40wt%范围内、优选在2.5-9.5wt.%范围内的量存在,基于酯封端的低聚物的总重量。
当二聚酸和二元酸两种单体存在时,二聚酸的单体数量将适宜地大于二元酸的单体数量。
按照本发明使用的酯封端的低聚物包括一定数量的由羧酸和胺的缩合反应获得的重复单元。重复单元的数量在1-20的范围内。优选地,n为在2-14范围内的整数,更优选为在2-10范围内和甚至更优选在2-8范围内的整数。
使用的R1-O基团和获得的最终缩合产物之间的重均分子量比率至少在0.010-0.50之间、优选在0.011-0.30的范围内。
源自二元酸的R2烃基团和源自二胺的R3烃基团之间的摩尔比优选地至少在0.30-0.40之间,和更优选在0.36-0.38的范围内。
在本发明的润滑脂组合物中使用的增稠剂包括作为聚烯烃的聚合物。聚烯烃的合适实例包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚异戊二烯或聚丁二烯、聚(苯乙烯-丁二烯)和聚(乙烯-丙烯-二烯)。优选地,聚烯烃为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚异戊二烯或聚丁二烯。可使用这些聚烯烃的两种或更多种的混合物。
优选地,所述聚合物为丙烯的聚合物。丙烯的聚合物优选包括第一组分和第二组分,其中第一组分具有比第二组分高的重均分子量。优选地,丙烯的聚合物包括高分子量组分和低分子量组分,其特征在于丙烯的聚合物包括如下混合物:(1)具有大于200.000、优选200.000-350.000的重均分子量的丙烯的(共-或均-)聚物和(2)具有小于200.000、优选小于100.000、更优选50.000-100.000的重均分子量的丙烯的(共-或均-)聚物。
聚合物增稠剂中高分子量组分和低分子量组分之间的重量比可为1:40-3:1、适宜地为1:40-1:1、优选为1:40-1:5、更优选为1:25-1:15、最优选为1:18-1:20。优选地,具有小于100.000的重均分子量的丙烯的(共-或均-)聚物为聚丙烯均聚物。优选地,具有大于200.000的重均分子量的丙烯的(共-或均-)聚物(高分子量组分)为聚丙烯均聚物或丙烯/乙烯-共聚物。
根据本发明,低分子量组分优选为聚丙烯均聚物,更优选为具有500-1500dg/分钟、特别是750-1250dg/分钟的通过试验ASTM D 1238 L测定的熔体流动速率的聚丙烯均聚物。
高分子量组分优选具有1.5-15、更优选1.5-7、特别是3-5的熔体流动速率(ASTMD-1238)。
低分子量组分优选为聚丙烯均聚物。优选地,高分子量组分为聚丙烯均聚物或丙烯/乙烯-共聚物。
在本发明的另一适宜的实施方式中,润滑脂组合物可只基于低分子量组分。在该情形中,省略高分子量组分。
如之前所述,形成按照本发明使用的润滑脂粒子的润滑脂组合物可包括一种或多种不同的聚烯烃。例如,增稠剂可包含乙烯的聚合物和丙烯的聚合物。优选地,增稠剂的聚合物主要由丙烯的聚合物组成,即所述聚合物由大于50wt.%的丙烯的聚合物、优选大于80wt.%和更优选大于95wt.%的丙烯的聚合物组成,基于润滑脂组合物中聚合物的总量。
另外,本发明涉及根据权利要求1-9任一项的润滑脂组合物的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
(a)在高于所述低聚物和所述聚合物的熔点的温度下以任何可行的次序混合所述酯封端的低聚物、所述聚合物和所述润滑基础油;和
(b)在小于3分钟内将步骤(a)中获得的混合物冷却到在0-120℃范围内的温度。
步骤(a)可适宜地在150-250℃范围内、优选在170-230℃范围内、更优选在190-210℃范围内的温度下进行。步骤(a)可通过以本身已知的方式混合所述聚合物、所述酯封端的低聚物和所述润滑基础油进行,其可任选地包括合适溶剂的使用。将聚合物和酯封端的低聚物与润滑基础油和任选的一种或多种添加剂混合。在将聚合物和酯封端的低聚物溶解在润滑基础油中且任选地已经添加添加剂之后,在小于3分钟内将由此获得的混合物从混合温度冷却到在0-120℃范围内的温度。优选地,在步骤(b)中将步骤(a)中获得的混合物冷却到在10-100℃范围内、更优选在15-35℃范围内的温度,甚至更优选冷却到室温。适宜地,步骤(b)中的冷却在1秒-2分钟、优选10秒-1分钟、更优选约5-15秒之间的时期内进行。构成形成润滑脂组合物的重要方面的快速冷却过程在下文中将称为“骤冷(淬火,quenching)”。步骤(a)中获得的混合物的骤冷可例如通过将润滑脂组合物倾倒在金属板上进行,但还可使用任何其它适宜的快速冷却方法例如喷洒。所述骤冷过程对润滑脂组合物的结构产生主要影响,从而给予最终液体润滑油组合物的性质相较于两种常规润滑油组合物的显著改进。所述混合过程优选地在保护性气氛例如氮气流下进行,以避免聚合物组分和油在加热期间的氧化。
本发明的润滑脂组合物的制备优选地在保护性气氛例如氮气流下进行,以避免所述油在加热期间的氧化。
润滑脂组合物具有海绵样结构,其赋予润滑脂组合物其外观和结构。润滑基础油保持在海绵样结构内的孔状空间内。正如可从扫描电子显微图(SEM)照片看出,海绵样结构是非常不规则的,具有大孔以及非常小的孔。以上指出的本发明的润滑脂组合物的骤冷提供具有更平滑且更均匀的结构的润滑脂组合物。因此,本发明还涉及通过根据本发明的方法能获得的润滑脂组合物。
本发明还涉及根据本发明的润滑脂组合物用于润滑具有金属表面的机械组件的用途。另外,本发明涉及本发明的液体润滑油组合物用于保护具有金属表面的机械组件抵抗腐蚀、磨损和/或微动摩蚀的用途。适宜地,所述机械组件包括轴承、轴承组件或齿轮箱组件。本发明还涉及能根据本发明的方法获得的润滑脂组合物。
在本发明的润滑脂组合物中使用的润滑基础油可选自矿物基础油和合成基础油。矿物基础油由原油得到,且或者是在芳族的、石蜡的和/或环烷的基础油的基础上配制的。此外,宽范围的合成基础油可被使用,且包括例如酯、聚-α-烯烃和聚硅氧烷。
按照本发明使用的润滑基础油还可包括基础油共混物。适宜地,可使用矿物基础油和/或合成基础油的共混物。
在本发明的润滑脂组合物中使用的润滑基础油为一般可作为润滑油的基础油或作为润滑脂的基础油使用的基础油,但是其将适宜地具有在5-1000cSt范围内、优选在10-400cSt范围内的在40℃的运动粘度。
而且,润滑基础油可为本身已知的任何润滑油,例如矿物油、合成烃、酯油、植物油及其混合物。
在本申请的上下文中,40℃的运动粘度的测量按照DIN 51562/1进行。
此外,可将本身已知的添加剂掺入到本发明的润滑脂组合物中。润滑脂组合物可另外包括至少一种添加剂组分,其选自抗氧化剂、腐蚀抑制剂、耐磨损剂和增加压力容限的(pressure tolerance-increasing)添加剂,且其中添加剂组分的总含量在0.1重量%和15重量%之间、优选在0.5重量%和10重量%之间的范围内,基于润滑脂组合物的总重量。本发明还涉及还包括一种或多种耐磨损、抗腐蚀和/或抗微动摩蚀的添加剂的本发明的润滑脂组合物。
本发明的润滑脂组合物的优点在于,可减少或甚至避免这样的添加剂、具体为侵蚀性添加剂的量,同时仍然实现极具吸引力的润滑性。
实施例
实施例1(根据本发明的)
酯封端的聚酰胺通过使61克二聚体(Pripol 1025,可获自Croda公司)和7.4克壬二酸与5.9克乙二胺进行反应而制备。将所述酸在95℃温度的加热下混合直至所述混合物是均一的。在恒定搅拌的情况下在干燥氮气的供应下向所述混合物缓慢地滴加乙二胺。向反应容器加入25.7克硬脂醇。在完成一元醇的加入之后,将反应混合物的温度升高到180℃,且保持3小时。将所述反应混合物的温度升高到205℃,且在恒定的干燥氮气的供应和恒定的搅拌下保持30分钟。将所述混合物排放到金属板上并且冷却到室温。在反应容器中,将13克酯封端的低聚物聚酰胺在干燥氮气的存在下且在连续搅拌下加热到其约160℃的熔点。缓慢地加入80克润滑酯基础油Priolube 1426(可获自Croda),且不容许温度冷却到低于145℃。将所述温度升高到160℃,其后加入6.65克聚丙烯的低分子量均聚物,且加入0.35克聚丙烯的高分子量共聚物。所述聚丙烯的低分子量均聚物为获自Borealis的BorflowHL508 FB。所述聚丙烯的高分子量共聚物为获自Lyondell Basell的Moplen EP300K,一种聚(乙烯-共-丙烯)嵌段共聚物。然后,将所述混合物的温度升高到180℃,且在干燥氮气和连续搅拌下保持60分钟。然后,将温度进一步升高到205℃,且保持在干燥氮气下同时连续搅拌所述混合物30分钟。然后,借助通过将所述混合物以薄层排放到在室温下的固体金属板上执行的骤冷将由此获得的混合物在10秒内冷却到室温。获得的润滑脂的性质列在表1中。
实施例2(根据本发明的)
按照实施例1中描述的步骤,制备润滑脂组合物,其中润滑基础油为矿物基础油(Cirkan C68,其可获自Total Lubricants)。获得的润滑脂的性质列在表1中。
在油中的溶解性:完全可溶解的(视觉外观)
实施例3
按照实施例2中的步骤,制备均一的加热的酯封端的聚酰胺和润滑矿物油的混合物,且在搅拌和氮气下将其保持在205℃下。在最终步骤中,将所述混合物从加热源移除并且容许其在不进行任何骤冷且没有任何时间限制的情况下以超过30分钟冷却到室温。
未形成润滑脂结构。在前期,有很少的凝胶结构形成,且在后期,凝胶分离成油和低聚物。该实施例表明,在润滑脂组合物的制备期间通过在本发明方法的步骤(b)中的骤冷进行冷却是必要的。
实施例4
在反应容器中,在干燥氮气的存在下且在连续搅拌下将20克实施例1中使用的酯封端的聚酰胺加热到其约160℃的熔点。缓慢地加入80克润滑酯基础油Priolube 1851(可获自Croda),且不容许所述温度冷却到低于145℃。然后,将反应混合物的温度升高到180℃,且在干燥氮气和连续搅拌下保持60分钟。然后,将温度进一步升高到205℃,且保持在干燥氮气下同时连续搅拌所述混合物30分钟。然后,借助通过将所述混合物以薄层排放到在室温下的固体金属板上执行的骤冷将由此获得的混合物在10秒内冷却到室温。获得的润滑脂的性质列在表1中。
在油中的溶解性:完全可溶解的(视觉外观)
实施例5
在反应容器中,将435克润滑矿物油(来自Total Lubricants的Cirkan C68)与61.75克实施例1中使用的聚丙烯的低分子量均聚物和3.25克实施例1中使用的丙烯的高分子量共聚物进行混合。然后,将所述混合物的温度升高到180℃,且在干燥氮气和连续搅拌下保持60分钟。然后,将温度进一步升高到205℃,且保持在干燥氮气下同时连续搅拌所述混合物30分钟。然后,借助通过将所述混合物以薄层排放到在室温下的固体金属板上执行的骤冷将由此获得的混合物在10秒内冷却到室温。获得的润滑脂的性质列在表1中。
表1
实施例1和2表示按照本发明的润滑脂,其中增稠剂包括酯封端的低聚物和聚合物(在给出的实施例中为聚丙烯)。实施例4表示其中增稠剂只包括酯封端的低聚物的润滑脂;实施例5为不包含酯封端的低聚物的聚丙烯增稠的润滑脂。由于在制备期间缓慢的冷却速率,实施例3无法产生润滑脂结构,且试验无法进行。
对其余实施例进行根据DIN 51817的油分离试验以测定油的渗出。使用标准椎体针入度方法(DIN 51804)测量稠度,且根据DIN 51801测量润滑脂的滴点。
油分离试验的结果是尤其值得关注的。与实施例4的低聚物增稠的润滑脂相比,实施例5的聚丙烯增稠的润滑脂具有更好的油-渗出特性,且可预期的是,具有包括两种组分的“混杂(hybrid)”增稠剂的润滑脂将呈现在7.5%和11.5%之间的油渗出率。令人惊讶的是,实施例1和2的润滑脂呈现相当低的油渗出,在所述试验结束之后失去了仅1.6%和1.1%以重量计的油。因此,根据本发明的“混杂”润滑脂的有利的油渗出特性是显然的。
Claims (14)
1.润滑脂组合物,其包括润滑基础油和增稠剂,该增稠剂包括聚合物和酯封端的低聚物,其中所述聚合物为聚烯烃,且其中所述酯封端的低聚物具有如下通式:R1-O-[CO-R2-CO-NH-R3-NH-CO-R2-CO]n-O-R1,其中R1各自独立地表示包含4-22个碳原子的烃基团;R2表示包含4-42个碳原子的烃基团;R3表示包含2-9个碳原子的烃基团;以及n表示在1-20范围内的整数。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物,其包括:
(a)75-90wt.%的所述润滑基础油;
(b)1-19wt.%的所述酯封端的低聚物;和
(c)1-19wt.%的所述聚合物,其为聚烯烃,所有重量基于所述润滑脂组合物的总重量。
3.根据权利要求1的组合物,其包括:
(a)76-84wt.%的所述润滑基础油;
(b)11-15wt.%的所述酯封端的低聚物;和
(c)5-9wt.%的所述聚合物,其为聚烯烃,所有重量基于所述润滑脂组合物的总重量。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项的组合物,其中n为在2-14范围内的整数。
5.根据权利要求1-3任一项的组合物,其中所述聚合物包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚异戊二烯或聚丁二烯。
6.根据权利要求1-3任一项的组合物,其中所述聚合物包括如下的混合物:(1)具有大于200.000的重均分子量的聚烯烃共-或均-聚物和(2)具有小于100.000的重均分子量的聚烯烃共-或均-聚物。
7.根据权利要求6的组合物,其中具有小于100.000的重均分子量的聚烯烃共-或均-聚物为聚丙烯均聚物。
8.根据权利要求6的组合物,其中具有大于200.000的重均分子量的聚烯烃共-或均-聚物为聚丙烯均聚物或丙烯/乙烯-共聚物。
9.根据权利要求1-3任一项的组合物,其还包括一种或多种耐磨损、抗腐蚀和/或抗微动摩蚀的添加剂。
10.根据权利要求1-9任一项的润滑脂组合物的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
(a)在高于所述低聚物和所述聚合物的熔点的温度下以任何可行的次序混合所述低聚物、所述聚合物和所述润滑基础油;和
(b)以小于3分钟将步骤(a)中获得的混合物冷却到在0-120℃范围内的温度。
11.根据权利要求1-9任一项的润滑脂组合物用于润滑具有金属表面的机械组件的用途。
12.根据权利要求1-9任一项的润滑脂组合物用于保护具有金属表面的机械组件抵抗腐蚀、磨损和/或微动摩蚀的用途。
13.根据权利要求11或12的润滑脂组合物的用途,其中所述机械组件包括轴承组件或齿轮箱组件。
14.根据权利要求13的润滑脂组合物的用途,其中所述机械组件包括轴承。
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