CN108156863B - Planting soil improvement method for high-quality and high-yield cucumbers - Google Patents
Planting soil improvement method for high-quality and high-yield cucumbers Download PDFInfo
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- CN108156863B CN108156863B CN201810045456.8A CN201810045456A CN108156863B CN 108156863 B CN108156863 B CN 108156863B CN 201810045456 A CN201810045456 A CN 201810045456A CN 108156863 B CN108156863 B CN 108156863B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 235000009849 Cucumis sativus Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 241000219112 Cucumis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 7
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960002413 ferric citrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- NPFOYSMITVOQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(III) citrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NPFOYSMITVOQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002383 tung oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 2
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 10
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 10
- HKFXIAYXXUVGPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazanium urea phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].NC(N)=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O HKFXIAYXXUVGPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 201000004569 Blindness Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NNBFNNNWANBMTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M brilliant green Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O.C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C1C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C1 NNBFNNNWANBMTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B15/00—Organic phosphatic fertilisers
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving planting soil of high-quality and high-yield cucumbers, which comprises the steps of selecting land and ploughing the land 5-7 days before transplanting; adjusting the pH value of the soil to 5.8-6.3, broadcasting the composite soil conditioner, ploughing, burying, and spraying saturated lime water; 1-2 days later, making deep and high furrows, digging and reserving grooves in the surfaces of the furrows and the centers of the groove surfaces, applying a first base fertilizer to the grooves of the furrow surfaces, applying a second base fertilizer to the grooves of the groove surfaces, covering soil to a position 3-5cm away from the surfaces of the furrows or the groove surfaces, spreading a composite modified material for 2 +/-1 cm, continuously covering soil and leveling, spreading a solid waste material on the surfaces, and covering films; removing the film 1 day and night before transplanting, digging a planting pit, and watering thoroughly; the invention improves and reforms the soil before planting the melon seedling, the nutrient composition is rich, the power of supply is strong, has promoted the growth of the melon seedling effectively, and have good disease resistance, the cucumber output is improved by a wide margin.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable planting, in particular to a method for improving planting soil of high-quality and high-yield cucumbers.
Background
Cucumber, cucurbitaceae cucumis plant, also known as hugou, green melon, the fruit colour is dark green or emerald green, there are soft thorns on the surface, the cultivation is generally carried out in various places in china, it is now widely planted in temperate and tropical areas, cucumber likes warm, it is cold-intolerant, it is one of the main greenhouse products, cucumber is that an qian in western times makes western area hui yuan, is called hugou, a chinese minister and minister are county and county ward fan china, it changes it into cucumber.
Farmers generally do not have scientific planting methods, the blindness and the randomness are large, especially the fertilization is carried out, most farmers plant cucumbers by using the traditional mode to carry out the blindness fertilization, not only a large amount of resources are wasted and the environment is polluted, but also more importantly, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is greatly reduced along with the continuous expansion of the fertilizer, simultaneously, the branches and leaves of the cucumbers grow excessively and even the phenomena of plant diseases and insect pests explosion and lodging are caused, various factors are integrated, the production cost of the cucumbers continuously rises, the yield cannot be improved, and the quality is gradually reduced. Therefore, it is urgently needed to design a more scientific and reasonable cucumber planting method to obtain high-quality and high-yield cucumbers.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for improving the planting soil of high-quality and high-yield cucumbers, which improves and reforms the soil before planting the cucumber seedlings, has rich nutrient components and strong supply capacity, effectively promotes the growth of the cucumber seedlings, has good disease resistance and improves the cucumber yield by more than 30 percent.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
a method for improving planting soil of high-quality and high-yield cucumbers comprises the following steps:
1) selecting sandy soil with mild topography, deep and fertile soil quality and convenient irrigation and drainage, and ploughing the soil 5-7 days before transplanting, wherein the ploughing depth is 50 +/-5 cm;
2) adjusting the pH value of the soil to 5.8-6.3, broadcasting the composite soil conditioner, ploughing, burying, and spraying saturated lime water;
3)1-2 days later, making a deep furrow with the height of 1.1-1.3m, the height of the furrow of 30-35cm and the width of the furrow of 30-35cm, digging and reserving a groove with the width of 40-60cm and the depth of 25-30cm at the center of the surface of the furrow, digging and reserving a groove with the width of 15-20cm and the depth of 10-15cm on the surface of the furrow, applying a first base fertilizer into the groove on the surface of the furrow, applying a second base fertilizer into the groove on the surface of the furrow, covering the soil to be 3-5cm away from the surface of the furrow or the surface of the furrow, spreading a composite modified material for 2 +/-1 cm, continuously covering the soil and leveling, spreading a solid waste material on the surface of the soil, and covering the film;
4) removing the film 1 day and night before transplanting, digging planting pits, planting 2 rows at the surface of each ridge, wherein the row spacing is 50-70cm, the plant spacing is 20-30cm, and then watering thoroughly;
5) when transplanting, selecting melon seedling with at least 2 true leaves, field planting, watering root, covering soil, and sealing field planting pit.
Preferably, the application amount of the composite soil conditioner in the step 2) is 450-600 kg/mu, and the spraying amount of the saturated limewater is 100-150 kg/mu.
Preferably, the soil conditioner comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8-16% of vermiculite, 5-20% of rice husk, 1-5% of acid soil fungi, 0.2-1% of ferric citrate, 15-25% of pine needle soil and the balance of sandy soil.
Preferably, the first base fertilizer in the step 3) comprises 2000 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 15-20 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate, 3-5 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate, 3-5 kg/mu of urea and 2-6 kg/mu of yeast powder.
Preferably, the second bottom fertilizer in the step 3) comprises 1000 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 5-15 kg/mu of plant ash and 2-5 kg/mu of ammonium phosphate.
Preferably, the composite modified material in the step 3) comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15-30% of expanded vermiculite, 2-5% of tung oil, 4-10% of seaweed meal, 15-30% of humus soil and the balance of sandy soil.
Preferably, the solid waste material in the step 3) is one or a combination of a plurality of crushed straws, rice hulls, peanut shells and wood chips, and the scattering thickness of the solid waste material is 1-2 cm.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, soil before melon seedlings are planted is improved, a compound soil conditioner, a first base fertilizer, a second base fertilizer, a compound modified material and the like with reasonable proportion are applied, nutrient elements are released and absorbed well, nutrient factors are comprehensive, the rapid and stable melon seedlings after being transplanted are effectively ensured by matching with the improvement of a method of digging grooves and fertilizing, the survival rate is up to 99%, nutrient components are rich in the late stage of transplanting, the slow release performance is good, the sustainable supply capacity is strong, the healthy growth of the melon seedlings is effectively promoted, meanwhile, the fertilizer, the conditioner and the modified material have the effects of promoting the absorption of the nutrient factors and preventing diseases and insect pests, the good disease resistance of the melon seedlings in the growth process is ensured, the disease and insect pest incidence rate is less than 1%, the cucumber yield is greatly increased, the yield per mu is more than 13500kg, the harvested cucumbers are long and straight, the mouthfeel is good, and the nutrient element content is high.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a method for improving planting soil of high-quality and high-yield cucumbers comprises the following steps:
1) selecting sandy soil with mild topography, deep and fertile soil quality and convenient irrigation and drainage, and ploughing the soil 5-7 days before transplanting, wherein the ploughing depth is 50 +/-5 cm;
2) adjusting the pH value of the soil to 5.8-6.3, broadcasting the composite soil conditioner, ploughing, burying, and spraying saturated lime water;
3)1-2 days later, making a deep furrow with the height of 1.1-1.3m, the height of the furrow of 30-35cm and the width of the furrow of 30-35cm, digging and reserving a groove with the width of 40-60cm and the depth of 25-30cm at the center of the surface of the furrow, digging and reserving a groove with the width of 15-20cm and the depth of 10-15cm on the surface of the furrow, applying a first base fertilizer into the groove on the surface of the furrow, applying a second base fertilizer into the groove on the surface of the furrow, covering the soil to be 3-5cm away from the surface of the furrow or the surface of the furrow, spreading a composite modified material for 2 +/-1 cm, continuously covering the soil and leveling, spreading a solid waste material on the surface of the soil, and covering the film;
4) removing the film 1 day and night before transplanting, digging planting pits, planting 2 rows at the surface of each ridge, wherein the row spacing is 50-70cm, the plant spacing is 20-30cm, and then watering thoroughly;
5) when transplanting, selecting melon seedling with at least 2 true leaves, field planting, watering root, covering soil, and sealing field planting pit.
Wherein, the application amount of the composite soil conditioner in the step 2) is 500 kg/mu, and the spraying amount of the saturated limewater is 120 kg/mu; the composite soil conditioner comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8% of vermiculite, 10% of rice hull, 4% of acid soil fungi, 0.2% of ferric citrate, 15% of pine needle soil and the balance of sandy soil; the first bottom fertilizer in the step 3) comprises 1500 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 15 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate, 3 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate, 3.5 kg/mu of urea and 2 kg/mu of yeast powder; step 3), preparing a second bottom fertilizer comprising 800 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 5 kg/mu of plant ash and 2.5 kg/mu of ammonium urea phosphate; the composite modified material in the step 3) comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15% of expanded vermiculite, 2.5% of tung oil, 6% of seaweed powder, 15% of humus soil and the balance of sandy soil; in the step 3), the solid waste material is a composition of crushed straws and rice hulls, and the scattering thickness of the solid waste material is 1-2 cm.
Example 2:
a method for improving planting soil of high-quality and high-yield cucumbers comprises the following steps:
1) selecting sandy soil with mild topography, deep and fertile soil quality and convenient irrigation and drainage, and ploughing the soil 5-7 days before transplanting, wherein the ploughing depth is 50 +/-5 cm;
2) adjusting the pH value of the soil to 5.8-6.3, broadcasting the composite soil conditioner, ploughing, burying, and spraying saturated lime water;
3)1-2 days later, making a deep furrow with the height of 1.1-1.3m, the height of the furrow of 30-35cm and the width of the furrow of 30-35cm, digging and reserving a groove with the width of 40-60cm and the depth of 25-30cm at the center of the surface of the furrow, digging and reserving a groove with the width of 15-20cm and the depth of 10-15cm on the surface of the furrow, applying a first base fertilizer into the groove on the surface of the furrow, applying a second base fertilizer into the groove on the surface of the furrow, covering the soil to be 3-5cm away from the surface of the furrow or the surface of the furrow, spreading a composite modified material for 2 +/-1 cm, continuously covering the soil and leveling, spreading a solid waste material on the surface of the soil, and covering the film;
4) removing the film 1 day and night before transplanting, digging planting pits, planting 2 rows at the surface of each ridge, wherein the row spacing is 50-70cm, the plant spacing is 20-30cm, and then watering thoroughly;
5) when transplanting, selecting melon seedling with at least 2 true leaves, field planting, watering root, covering soil, and sealing field planting pit.
Wherein, the application amount of the composite soil conditioner in the step 2) is 600 kg/mu, and the spraying amount of the saturated limewater is 140 kg/mu; the composite soil conditioner comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10% of vermiculite, 15% of rice hull, 2% of acid soil fungi, 0.6% of ferric citrate, 20% of pine needle soil and the balance of sandy soil; step 3), preparing a first bottom fertilizer which comprises 1800 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 20 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate, 3.5 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate, 4 kg/mu of urea and 4 kg/mu of yeast powder; step 3), preparing a second bottom fertilizer which comprises 600 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 6 kg/mu of plant ash and 4 kg/mu of ammonium urea phosphate; the composite modified material in the step 3) comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20% of expanded vermiculite, 3% of tung oil, 8% of seaweed powder, 20% of humus soil and the balance of sandy soil; in the step 3), the solid waste material is a composition of crushed straws, rice hulls and peanut shells, and the spreading thickness of the solid waste material is 1-2 cm.
Example 3:
a method for improving planting soil of high-quality and high-yield cucumbers comprises the following steps:
1) selecting sandy soil with mild topography, deep and fertile soil quality and convenient irrigation and drainage, and ploughing the soil 5-7 days before transplanting, wherein the ploughing depth is 50 +/-5 cm;
2) adjusting the pH value of the soil to 5.8-6.3, broadcasting the composite soil conditioner, ploughing, burying, and spraying saturated lime water;
3)1-2 days later, making a deep furrow with the height of 1.1-1.3m, the height of the furrow of 30-35cm and the width of the furrow of 30-35cm, digging and reserving a groove with the width of 40-60cm and the depth of 25-30cm at the center of the surface of the furrow, digging and reserving a groove with the width of 15-20cm and the depth of 10-15cm on the surface of the furrow, applying a first base fertilizer into the groove on the surface of the furrow, applying a second base fertilizer into the groove on the surface of the furrow, covering the soil to be 3-5cm away from the surface of the furrow or the surface of the furrow, spreading a composite modified material for 2 +/-1 cm, continuously covering the soil and leveling, spreading a solid waste material on the surface of the soil, and covering the film;
4) removing the film 1 day and night before transplanting, digging planting pits, planting 2 rows at the surface of each ridge, wherein the row spacing is 50-70cm, the plant spacing is 20-30cm, and then watering thoroughly;
5) when transplanting, selecting melon seedling with at least 2 true leaves, field planting, watering root, covering soil, and sealing field planting pit.
Wherein the application amount of the composite soil conditioner in the step 2) is 450 kg/mu, and the spraying amount of the saturated limewater is 150 kg/mu; the composite soil conditioner comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 12% of vermiculite, 20% of rice hull, 3% of acid soil fungi, 0.8% of ferric citrate, 25% of pine needle soil and the balance of sandy soil; the first bottom fertilizer in the step 3) comprises 2000 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 16 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate, 4.5 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate, 5 kg/mu of urea and 5 kg/mu of yeast powder; step 3), preparing a second bottom fertilizer which comprises 1000 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 10 kg/mu of plant ash and 3 kg/mu of ammonium urea phosphate; the composite modified material in the step 3) comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25% of expanded vermiculite, 4% of tung oil, 10% of seaweed powder, 25% of humus soil and the balance of sandy soil; in the step 3), the solid waste material is a composition of crushed straws and sawdust, and the scattering thickness of the solid waste material is 1-2 cm.
Example 4:
a method for improving planting soil of high-quality and high-yield cucumbers comprises the following steps:
1) selecting sandy soil with mild topography, deep and fertile soil quality and convenient irrigation and drainage, and ploughing the soil 5-7 days before transplanting, wherein the ploughing depth is 50 +/-5 cm;
2) adjusting the pH value of the soil to 5.8-6.3, broadcasting the composite soil conditioner, ploughing, burying, and spraying saturated lime water;
3)1-2 days later, making a deep furrow with the height of 1.1-1.3m, the height of the furrow of 30-35cm and the width of the furrow of 30-35cm, digging and reserving a groove with the width of 40-60cm and the depth of 25-30cm at the center of the surface of the furrow, digging and reserving a groove with the width of 15-20cm and the depth of 10-15cm on the surface of the furrow, applying a first base fertilizer into the groove on the surface of the furrow, applying a second base fertilizer into the groove on the surface of the furrow, covering the soil to be 3-5cm away from the surface of the furrow or the surface of the furrow, spreading a composite modified material for 2 +/-1 cm, continuously covering the soil and leveling, spreading a solid waste material on the surface of the soil, and covering the film;
4) removing the film 1 day and night before transplanting, digging planting pits, planting 2 rows at the surface of each ridge, wherein the row spacing is 50-70cm, the plant spacing is 20-30cm, and then watering thoroughly;
5) when transplanting, selecting melon seedling with at least 2 true leaves, field planting, watering root, covering soil, and sealing field planting pit.
Wherein, the application amount of the composite soil conditioner in the step 2) is 550 kg/mu, and the spraying amount of the saturated limewater is 130 kg/mu; the composite soil conditioner comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15% of vermiculite, 15% of rice hull, 1% of acid soil fungi, 0.5% of ferric citrate, 25% of pine needle soil and the balance of sandy soil; step 3), preparing a first bottom fertilizer which comprises 1700 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 17.5 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate, 5 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate, 3 kg/mu of urea and 6 kg/mu of yeast powder; step 3), preparing a second bottom fertilizer comprising decomposed farmyard manure of 700 kg/mu, plant ash of 12 kg/mu and ammonium phosphate of 5 kg/mu; the composite modified material in the step 3) comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 30% of expanded vermiculite, 5% of tung oil, 5% of seaweed powder, 30% of humus soil and the balance of sandy soil; in the step 3), the solid waste is crushed straws, and the spreading thickness of the solid waste is 1-2 cm.
Example 5:
a method for improving planting soil of high-quality and high-yield cucumbers comprises the following steps:
1) selecting sandy soil with mild topography, deep and fertile soil quality and convenient irrigation and drainage, and ploughing the soil 5-7 days before transplanting, wherein the ploughing depth is 50 +/-5 cm;
2) adjusting the pH value of the soil to 5.8-6.3, broadcasting the composite soil conditioner, ploughing, burying, and spraying saturated lime water;
3)1-2 days later, making a deep furrow with the height of 1.1-1.3m, the height of the furrow of 30-35cm and the width of the furrow of 30-35cm, digging and reserving a groove with the width of 40-60cm and the depth of 25-30cm at the center of the surface of the furrow, digging and reserving a groove with the width of 15-20cm and the depth of 10-15cm on the surface of the furrow, applying a first base fertilizer into the groove on the surface of the furrow, applying a second base fertilizer into the groove on the surface of the furrow, covering the soil to be 3-5cm away from the surface of the furrow or the surface of the furrow, spreading a composite modified material for 2 +/-1 cm, continuously covering the soil and leveling, spreading a solid waste material on the surface of the soil, and covering the film;
4) removing the film 1 day and night before transplanting, digging planting pits, planting 2 rows at the surface of each ridge, wherein the row spacing is 50-70cm, the plant spacing is 20-30cm, and then watering thoroughly;
5) when transplanting, selecting melon seedling with at least 2 true leaves, field planting, watering root, covering soil, and sealing field planting pit.
Wherein, the application amount of the composite soil conditioner in the step 2) is 550 kg/mu, and the spraying amount of the saturated limewater is 100 kg/mu; the composite soil conditioner comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 16% of vermiculite, 10% of rice hull, 5% of acid soil fungi, 1% of ferric citrate, 20% of pine needle soil and the balance of sandy soil; the first bottom fertilizer in the step 3) comprises 1600 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 18 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate, 4 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate, 4.5 kg/mu of urea and 4 kg/mu of yeast powder; step 3), preparing a second bottom fertilizer which comprises 800 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 15 kg/mu of plant ash and 2 kg/mu of ammonium urea phosphate; the composite modified material in the step 3) comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 22% of expanded vermiculite, 2% of tung oil, 4% of seaweed meal, 25% of humus soil and the balance of sandy soil; in the step 3), the solid waste material is a composition of crushed straws, rice hulls, peanut shells and wood chips, and the spreading thickness of the solid waste material is 1-2 cm.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for improving planting soil of high-quality and high-yield cucumbers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting sandy soil with mild topography, deep and fertile soil quality and convenient irrigation and drainage, and ploughing the soil 5-7 days before transplanting, wherein the ploughing depth is 50 +/-5 cm;
2) adjusting the pH value of the soil to 5.8-6.3, broadcasting the composite soil conditioner, ploughing, burying, and spraying saturated lime water;
the composite soil conditioner comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8-16% of vermiculite, 5-20% of rice husk, 1-5% of acid soil fungi, 0.2-1% of ferric citrate, 15-25% of pine needle soil and the balance of sandy soil; the application amount of the composite soil conditioner is 450-;
3)1-2 days later, making a deep furrow with the height of 1.1-1.3m, the height of the furrow of 30-35cm and the width of the furrow of 30-35cm, digging and reserving a groove with the width of 40-60cm and the depth of 25-30cm at the center of the surface of the furrow, digging and reserving a groove with the width of 15-20cm and the depth of 10-15cm on the surface of the furrow, applying a first base fertilizer into the groove on the surface of the furrow, applying a second base fertilizer into the groove on the surface of the furrow, covering the soil to be 3-5cm away from the surface of the furrow or the surface of the furrow, spreading a composite modified material for 2 +/-1 cm, continuously covering the soil and leveling, spreading a solid waste material on the surface of the soil, and covering the film;
the first base fertilizer comprises 1500-2000 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 15-20 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate, 3-5 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate, 3-5 kg/mu of urea and 2-6 kg/mu of yeast powder;
the second base fertilizer comprises 1000 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure 600-;
the composite modified material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15-30% of expanded vermiculite, 2-5% of tung oil, 4-10% of seaweed meal, 15-30% of humus soil and the balance of sandy soil;
4) removing the film 1 day and night before transplanting, digging planting pits, planting 2 rows at the surface of each ridge, wherein the row spacing is 50-70cm, the plant spacing is 20-30cm, and then watering thoroughly;
5) when transplanting, selecting melon seedling with at least 2 true leaves, field planting, watering root, covering soil, and sealing field planting pit.
2. The method for improving planting soil of high-quality high-yield cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 3), the solid waste material is one or a combination of a plurality of crushed straws, rice hulls, peanut shells and wood chips, and the spreading thickness of the solid waste material is 1-2 cm.
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| CN104145630A (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2014-11-19 | 芜湖诚德农业科技有限公司 | Method for planting cucumbers by fermented organic fertilizer |
| CN106718523A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-31 | 全椒凤巢植保专业合作社 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of crape myrtle |
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| CN103891459A (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2014-07-02 | 益阳市蔬菜科学研究所 | Soil testing and formulated fertilization method for use in environment-friendly cultivation of cucumber |
| CN103999650A (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2014-08-27 | 陈秋 | Cultivation method for interplanting cucumber by Chinese yam |
| CN104170555B (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2016-01-20 | 南京农业大学 | A kind of nontoxic residue-free soil treatment of prevention and control cucumber fusarium axysporum and the method for biological organic fertilizer coupling |
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| CN104145630A (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2014-11-19 | 芜湖诚德农业科技有限公司 | Method for planting cucumbers by fermented organic fertilizer |
| CN106718523A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-31 | 全椒凤巢植保专业合作社 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of crape myrtle |
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