CN108112540B - Open type collecting device and collecting method for predatory mites - Google Patents
Open type collecting device and collecting method for predatory mites Download PDFInfo
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- CN108112540B CN108112540B CN201711386535.7A CN201711386535A CN108112540B CN 108112540 B CN108112540 B CN 108112540B CN 201711386535 A CN201711386535 A CN 201711386535A CN 108112540 B CN108112540 B CN 108112540B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an open collecting device for predatory mites, comprising: the seedling bed comprises a seedling bed, a collecting net support and a collecting bottle, wherein the collecting net support is a U-shaped support, two ends of the collecting net support are fixed on two sides of the seedling bed, a hook is arranged on the collecting net support, a collecting bottle support is arranged on the opposite side of the hook, the collecting bottle is sleeved on the collecting bottle support, and the inner bottom of the collecting bottle is attached to one end face of the collecting bottle support; the collecting net is laid on the seedbed, four end points of the collecting net are fixedly connected with four end points of the seedbed, and the center of the collecting net is connected with the hook, so that the collecting net is in a conical shape. The collecting device realizes the collection of predatory mites in an open environment, directly collects the predatory mites on host plants in a living state, realizes continuous collection, collects the mature predatory mites firstly, and continuously develops young mites, nymphs and even eggs of the predatory mites in the collecting process until the young mites, the nymphs and even eggs are finally transferred into the collecting bottle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological control, and particularly relates to an open type collection method of predatory mites.
Background
The spider mites are important pest mites of agricultural and forestry crops, have strong adaptability and wide distribution, and are important control objects. At present, chemical methods are mainly adopted for preventing and treating Tetranychus urticae which are harmful to crops, but because chemical pesticides are used for a long time, natural enemies are killed and the resistance of Tetranychus urticae is developed rapidly, so that Tetranychus cinnabarinus and Tetranychus urticae Koch which harm various economic crops such as cotton, tobacco, fruit trees, cereals, beans, melons, China rose, strawberries, vegetables and the like generate resistance to various pesticides (mites), and the problem of the acarids of the crops is serious day by day along with the long-term and large-scale use of the chemical pesticides.
The current means for controlling the spider mites is to control the organisms of the spider mites by predatory mites, has incomparable superiority with chemical control, has no pollution to the environment and no residue in plant bodies, is harmless to pesticide application personnel, related contact personnel and possible contact personnel, and better ensures the quality safety of agricultural products. Phytoseilus persimilis (Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot) belonging to Arachnoidea Acarina Phytoseiidae Phytoseiella genus Phytoseiula genus of Arachniidea, is a obligate predator of Phytoseiula genus, has large predation amount to leaf mites, and has good predation effect. The current process for producing phytoseiid persimmons comprises the following steps: production of spider mite host plants, mass propagation of spider mites, mass propagation of phytoseiid persicae, and packaging and refrigerating. The collection and separation of phytoseiid persimmons are a key technical point for obtaining phytoseiid persimmons products, in the collection method of predatory mites (No. CN 104222065B), a relatively closed collection space is formed by using materials which can be ventilated and can effectively prevent the predatory mites from escaping, the branches and stems of the plants are filled in the collection space, and a crawling-out opening of the predatory mites is arranged for collection. Such device occupies more space, need destroy the plant in actual operation, need carry out the plant tissue separation and collect, lead to separation plant leaf, stalk tissue necrosis easily, milden and rot to reduce the food supply time who preys on the mite, cause some young mites if the mite loses to the stage of being collected, reduced collection efficiency, and the device is also troublesome after collecting the end clearance plant residuum, has increased some unnecessary work. The current separation method is to harvest the plants, store them in a relatively closed container, and arrange a collection pipe to obtain predatory mites. The method is labor-consuming, the predatory mites need to be harvested when being harvested, the predatory mites are easy to squeeze and lose, rotting and mildewing of the plants are easy to occur after the plants are separated, during a large number of operations, leaves are often squeezed and stacked mutually, local temperature, humidity and ventilation conditions are changed, the separation environment is poor, the continuous development of the predatory mites is not facilitated, the separation efficiency is low finally, standardized operation is not easy to form, and certain scale limitation is realized.
At the present stage, predatory mite feeding methods mainly comprise three types: 1. natural prey feeding method; 2. alternative prey feeding methods; 3. pollen and artificial feed. In the latter two breeding methods, the predatory mites do not need to be separated, however, the predatory mite species with the best harm application effect of preventing and controlling spider mites at present are the first propagation method, such as phytoseiid persiiid persic, and a large number of predatory mites are remained on the plant after propagation, and at the moment, most plant leaves begin to wither, and separation of the predatory mites from such an environment is a problem of commercialization of the. Taking phytoseiid persimmons as an example, normally, feeding predatory mites needs to pass through three nutrition levels, namely, plant level, spider mite level and predatory mite level. Predatory mites in the later breeding period still live on the surfaces of plant leaves and stems, are mostly hidden under the silk net of the spider mites and are difficult to separate. In practical application, if the leaf carrying predatory mites is directly released, harmful mites and germs on the surface of dead leaves are easily inoculated on crops, and other pests possibly carried on the surface of the leaf easily pollute facility crops. It is therefore necessary to obtain relatively pure predatory mites.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of specific predatory mite separation technology and accurate individual counting before predatory mite packaging in propagation production. On the basis of the second type of predatory mite separation method, the number of the predatory mites is accurately evaluated by guiding the crawling path of the predatory mites and additionally arranging a counter between the collecting bracket and the collecting bottle. The method realizes the collection of predatory mites in an open environment, has simple device and convenient laying, and does not need to transfer raised host plants intentionally.
The technical scheme includes that the open collecting device for the predatory mites comprises a seedbed, a collecting net, collecting net supports and collecting bottles, wherein the collecting net supports are U-shaped supports, two ends of each collecting net support are fixed to two sides of the seedbed, a hook is arranged on each collecting net support, the collecting bottle supports are arranged on the opposite sides of the hooks, the collecting bottles are sleeved on the collecting bottle supports, and the inner bottoms of the collecting bottles are attached to one end faces of the collecting bottle supports; the collecting net is laid on the seedbed, four end points of the collecting net are fixedly connected with four end points of the seedbed, and the center of the collecting net is connected with the hook, so that the collecting net is in a conical shape.
Preferably, the collecting net support is made of steel, aluminum alloy, wood, plastic or glass, and the length of the collecting bottle support is greater than the depth of the collecting bottle; the seedbed is a seedbed or a table special for seedling culture.
Preferably, the depth of receiving flask ≧ 100mm, the receiving flask material is transparent or opaque material, the receiving flask entry not with receiving flask support contact, the receiving flask support with the diameter of receiving flask contact tip is less than the diameter of receiving flask bottleneck.
Preferably, the mesh number of the collecting net is less than 120 meshes, and the collecting net is made of nylon, cotton and hemp or real silk.
Preferably, the hook is an annular hook.
Preferably, the mouth of the collecting bottle is provided with a funnel or a funnel-shaped device which expands towards the outer edge.
An open type collection method of predatory mites by adopting the open type collection device of the predatory mites comprises the following steps;
(1) installing a collecting net, laying plants with predatory mites on a seedbed, covering the surfaces of the plants with meshes, and installing a collecting net bracket above the seedbed;
(2) the fixed collection net is characterized in that four ends of the fixed collection net are fixed at four end points of the seedbed, a point is selected at the center of the collection net and lifted upwards, and the point is tied or directly hung on a hook through a thread rope, so that the collection net is conical;
(3) mounting a collecting bottle, sleeving the collecting bottle on a collecting bottle bracket, and tightly fitting the bottom in the bottle with the end part of the collecting bottle bracket;
(4) the collection bottle is packaged, and when the predatory mites overflow a large amount from the lower edge of the collection bottle, the collection bottle is taken down for subsequent packaging procedures;
(5) finishing the collection, and finishing the collection process when the predatory mites no longer appear on the collecting bottle bracket;
(6) cleaning, taking down the collecting bottle and cleaning the seedbed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method utilizes the mesh enclosure with large meshes to create an irregular mesh surface which can lead the predatory mites to freely crawl and has single-direction induction, thereby realizing the collection of the predatory mites in an open environment; the method directly collects predatory mites on living host plants, prolongs the growth time of the predatory mites, realizes continuous collection, collects the mature predatory mites firstly, and continuously develops young mites, nymphs and even eggs of the predatory mites in the collection process until the young mites, the nymphs and even eggs are finally transferred into a collection bottle.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a collecting net structure of the open collecting method of predatory mites of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a collection bottle of the open collection method of predatory mites of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention aims at the collection and separation of phytoseiid persimmons. The collecting method can be carried out under light or no light in use, and the main principle is to design an open type predatory mite collecting method and device by utilizing the upward crawling biological habit of the predatory mites. The device has simplified the collection operation of little phytoseiid mite of chilus formosanus, need not to change the normal growing environment of host plant, in practical application, can carry out continuous collection to the predatory mite that is growing, has avoided the step of reaping the plant separation, has improved collection efficiency. The predatory mites obtained by the method have high purity and strong activity, and the yield of the predatory mites in unit area is higher than that of the predatory mites obtained by the traditional method.
The invention aims at the collection and separation of phytoseiid persimmons and provides an open predatory mite collection method and device. After the phytoseiid persimmons are propagated for several generations, a large number of predatory mites with red body colors can be seen to wander on the leaf surfaces, and when the ratio of the number of the tetranychus persimmons to the number of the predatory mites is close to 1:1, the optimum opportunity for collecting the phytoseiid persimmons.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a collecting net structure of the open type collecting method of predatory mites of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic view of a collecting bottle structure of the open type collecting method of predatory mites of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1-2, the present invention provides an open type collecting device for predatory mites, comprising: the seedling bed comprises a seedling bed 1, a collecting net 2, a collecting net support 3 and collecting bottles 4, wherein the collecting net support 3 is a U-shaped support, two ends of the collecting net support 3 are fixed on two sides of the seedling bed 1, a hook 32 is arranged on the collecting net support 3, a collecting bottle support 31 is arranged on the opposite side of the hook 32, the collecting bottles 4 are sleeved on the collecting bottle support 31, and the inner bottom of each collecting bottle 4 is attached to one end face of the collecting bottle support 31; collect net 2 and lay on seedbed 1, collect four extreme points of net 2 with seedbed 1 four extreme point fixed connection, collect 2 center departments of net with couple 32 is connected, makes and collects net 2 and is the taper. The collecting net support 3 is made of steel, aluminum alloy, wood, plastic or glass, and the length of the collecting bottle support 31 is larger than the depth of the collecting bottle 4; the seedbed 1 is a structure for supporting the cultivation of plants and the feeding of spider mites, is made of steel, aluminum alloy, wood, plastic, glass and the like, can be a seedbed special for seedling cultivation, and can also be a common table stool and the like. The depth of receiving flask 4 is ≧ 100mm, and receiving flask 4 material is transparent or opaque material, receiving flask 4 entry not with receiving flask support 31 contact, receiving flask support 31 with the diameter of receiving flask 4 contact end portion is less than the diameter of receiving flask 4 bottleneck. The collecting net 2 can be an insect-proof net with the mesh number lower than 120 meshes, and can also be a nylon net used for fishing; the material is common thread rope materials such as nylon, cotton and hemp, real silk and the like, but the nylon with a smoother surface is better; the color of the mesh may be any color, but white is preferred. The mouth of the collecting bottle 4 is provided with a funnel or a funnel-shaped device which expands towards the outer edge.
The invention also provides an open type collection method of predatory mites of the open type collection device of the predatory mites, which comprises the following steps;
(1) installing a collecting net 2, laying plants with predatory mites on the seedbed 1, slightly gathering the plants with the predatory mites on the seedbed 1, covering the collecting net 2 on the surface of the plants, facilitating the predatory mites to climb to the longitude and latitude lines of the net from the leaves through meshes, and installing a collecting net bracket 3 above the seedbed 1;
wherein, collect net support 3 and weld for the stainless steel, the smooth easy cleanness in surface can be installed and dismantle at will on seedbed 1. The collecting net 2 can be hung by a hook 32 below the middle part of the collecting net bracket 3, a collecting bottle bracket 31 with a length larger than the depth of the collecting bottle 4 is arranged above the middle part of the collecting net bracket 3 and used for supporting the collecting bottle 4, and one or more collecting bottle brackets 31 can be arranged.
(2) The fixed collection net 2 is fixed at four end points of the seedbed 1, four ends of the fixed collection net 2 are fixed, a point is selected at the center of the collection net 2 to be lifted upwards to form a height-controlling point on the net surface of the collection net 2, and the height-controlling point is tied on or directly hung on a hook 32 of the collection net support through a rope. A plurality of raised nodes can also be formed, and all the nodes are connected by thin lines and uniformly converged at the highest point of the center. At this time, the whole collecting net 2 is tapered, a hanging ladder for guiding the phytoseiulus persimilis to climb to one direction is also formed, at this time, an operator should carefully touch the net and the plant to avoid accidentally injuring predatory mites, after about half an hour, the hooks 32 start to collect the predatory mites, and a large number of the predatory mites climb to the collecting bottle bracket 31.
Wherein, four endpoints of collecting net 2 pass through the fixed screw to be fixed at four endpoints of seedbed 1, the fixed screw can be the instrument that possesses fixed function wantonly, or directly ties the one corner of net in seedbed 1 one corner.
(3) Installing a collecting bottle 4, sleeving the collecting bottle 4 on a collecting bottle bracket 31, and tightly attaching the bottom in the collecting bottle 4 to the end part of the collecting bottle bracket 31; however, the bottle body is not contacted with the collecting bottle support 31, the depth of the collecting bottle 4 is not less than 100mm, the end part of the collecting bottle support 31 is provided with an expanded supporting surface, and the diameter is smaller than the mouth diameter of the collecting bottle 4.
(4) The collecting bottle 4 is packaged, and when the predatory mites overflow from the lower edge of the collecting bottle 4 in a large amount, the collecting bottle 4 is taken down to carry out the subsequent packaging process;
(5) when the collection is finished and the predatory mites no longer appear on the collecting bottle bracket 41, the collection process is finished;
(6) after the collection is finished, the collection bottle 4, the collection net support 3, the collection net 2 and the like are taken down, and plant residues are cleaned.
The best existing techniques require the use of gauze, paper, or other materials that are both breathable and effective in preventing the escape of predatory mites to create an enclosed environment for the predatory mites. The collecting device and the collecting method avoid in-vitro collection, the device can be directly additionally arranged on the feeding device, the plants which are not in-vitro can continuously provide energy for the food mites, the predatory mites which are transferred away reduce the feeding pressure of the predatory mites to be transferred, the predatory mites on the plants can be continuously bred for a period of time in the collecting process, and the total number of the predatory mites is increased. The predatory mite collection process is an open environment, predatory mites can freely crawl and shuttle in the collection device or on the surface, and the collection device does not limit the mixture of plants, food mites and predatory mites to be collected in a breathable or closed space. In the whole collecting process, the plants do not leave the growing soil or other substrate environments, the leaves, stems and the like of the host plants do not need to be cut off, and the collecting device can be directly arranged on the feeding environment of the predatory mites to start collecting; by utilizing the principle that predatory mites have negative geotropism (upward sex), a small activity environment of the predatory mites is created, and the predatory mites are guided to be concentrated at one point for collection. The collector bottle 4 is a semi-open space, also using the biological habit of predatory mites, to bind the predatory mites inside the collector bottle. The method of the invention utilizes the collection net 2 with large meshes to create an irregular net surface which can lead the predatory mites to freely crawl and has single-direction induction, thus realizing the collection of the predatory mites in an open environment; the collecting method of the invention directly collects the predatory mites on the host plants in a living state, prolongs the growth time of the predatory mites, realizes continuous collection, collects the mature predatory mites firstly, and transfers the young mites, the nymphs and even eggs of the predatory mites into the collecting bottle 4 in the collecting process until the mites are finally transferred.
Claims (6)
1. An open collection device for predatory mites, comprising: the seedling bed collecting device comprises a seedling bed (1), a collecting net (2), a collecting net support (3) and collecting bottles (4), wherein the collecting net support is a U-shaped support, two ends of the collecting net support are fixed on two sides of the seedling bed, a hook (32) is arranged on the collecting net support, a collecting bottle support (31) is arranged on the opposite side of the hook, the collecting bottles are sleeved on the collecting bottle support, and the inner bottoms of the collecting bottles are attached to one end face of the collecting bottle support; the collecting net is laid on the seedbed, four end points of the collecting net are fixedly connected with four end points of the seedbed, and the center of the collecting net is connected with the hook, so that the collecting net is in a conical shape; the mesh number of the collecting net is less than 120 meshes, and the collecting net is made of nylon, cotton and hemp or real silk.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the collecting net support is made of steel, aluminum alloy, wood, plastic or glass, and the length of the collecting bottle support is greater than the depth of the collecting bottle; the seedbed is a seedbed or a table special for seedling culture.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the collection bottle has a depth of 100mm or more, the collection bottle is made of transparent or opaque material, the collection bottle inlet is not in contact with the collection bottle holder, and the diameter of the end of the collection bottle holder in contact with the collection bottle is smaller than that of the collection bottle mouth.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the hook is a loop hook.
5. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mouth of the collection bottle is provided with a funnel or funnel-like means extending towards the outer edge.
6. An open collection method of predatory mites using the open collection device of predatory mites of claim 1, comprising the steps of;
(1) installing a collecting net, laying plants with predatory mites on a seedbed, covering the collecting net on the surfaces of the plants, and installing a collecting net bracket above the seedbed;
(2) the fixed collection net is characterized in that four ends of the fixed collection net are fixed at four end points of the seedbed, a point is selected at the center of the collection net and lifted upwards, and the point is tied or directly hung on a hook through a thread rope, so that the collection net is conical;
(3) mounting a collecting bottle, sleeving the collecting bottle on a collecting bottle bracket, and tightly fitting the bottom in the collecting bottle with the end part of the collecting bottle bracket;
(4) the collection bottle is packaged, and when the predatory mites overflow a large amount from the lower edge of the collection bottle, the collection bottle is taken down for subsequent packaging procedures;
(5) finishing the collection, and finishing the collection process when the predatory mites no longer appear on the collecting bottle bracket;
(6) cleaning, taking down the collecting bottle and cleaning the seedbed.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201711386535.7A CN108112540B (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2017-12-20 | Open type collecting device and collecting method for predatory mites |
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| CN201711386535.7A CN108112540B (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2017-12-20 | Open type collecting device and collecting method for predatory mites |
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| CN108112540A CN108112540A (en) | 2018-06-05 |
| CN108112540B true CN108112540B (en) | 2020-04-10 |
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| CN115281158B (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2023-09-15 | 绵阳市农业科学研究院 | Method for large-scale propagation of phytoseiid chile |
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| CN202842152U (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2013-04-03 | 天津市植物保护研究所 | Phyoseiulus persimilis separating and collecting implement |
| CN203167865U (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2013-09-04 | 云南省烟草公司红河州公司 | Automatic collection device for aphidius gifuensis |
| CN104222065B (en) * | 2013-06-21 | 2016-08-17 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | The collection method of Predatory Mites |
| RS60452B1 (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2020-07-31 | Agrobio Sl | Mite composition and its use as biological control agent |
| CN204560710U (en) * | 2015-04-06 | 2015-08-19 | 北京市农林科学院 | Tapered transparent Predatory Mites recover |
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