CN115281158B - Method for large-scale propagation of phytoseiid chile - Google Patents
Method for large-scale propagation of phytoseiid chile Download PDFInfo
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- CN115281158B CN115281158B CN202210975332.6A CN202210975332A CN115281158B CN 115281158 B CN115281158 B CN 115281158B CN 202210975332 A CN202210975332 A CN 202210975332A CN 115281158 B CN115281158 B CN 115281158B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for efficiently and massively propagating phytoseiid chile, which is characterized by comprising four parts of planting a host plant, namely black nightshade and bean seedlings, feeding a spider mite, inoculating and propagating the phytoseiid chile and harvesting the phytoseiid chile. According to the invention, the black nightshade is adopted for spider mite reproduction, and the host plant black nightshade is planted in batches in a planned way according to the requirements of the phytoseiulus chilo, and then the leaf and stem of the black nightshade are inoculated to bean seedlings. As the black nightshade breeds the spider mites fast and has strong insect resistance, the method can obtain enough spider mites at any time, and improves the propagation efficiency by 25 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biological control of agricultural pests, in particular to a method for large-scale propagation of phytoseiid chile.
Background
The phytoseiid chile is a special predatory mite for spider mites, has the advantages of specific feeding property, large predatory amount, agile action and the like, and is widely applied to the prevention and treatment of spider mites on horticultural crops such as vegetables, strawberries, flowers and the like at home and abroad.
Because the phytoseiid chile is a predatory mite, no artificial feed for successfully breeding the phytoseiid chile exists at present. Therefore, food spider mites of the phytoseiid chile become a main factor limiting the mass propagation of the phytoseiid chile. At present, bean plants are adopted to reproduce the leaf mites, and then the leaf mites are adopted to reproduce the leaf mites. In the process of breeding the spider mites, 5-10% of spider mite-carrying bean seedlings are required to be reserved for inoculating new host bean seedlings for the spider mites of the next batch to propagate, and the process is repeated in sequence. In addition, because the number of the reserved spider mites is limited, only about 30-60 spider mites are inoculated to each plant when the spider mites are inoculated, and the plant begins to be inoculated into the Chilean phytoseiid mites when the number of the spider mites reaches more than 500, and the propagation time of the whole spider mites is 15-18d. Usually, the time for expanding propagation of the phytoseiid chile is short due to overlong spider mite expanding propagation stage and early death of later bean seedlings.
Although the existing method for breeding the phytoseiid chile can realize large-scale breeding of the phytoseiid chile, the problems of low utilization rate of host plants, high requirements of the host plants on environmental conditions, weak insect resistance and disease resistance, long time required for propagation of the tetranychus urticae, long propagation period of the phytoseiid chile, low yield per unit area and the like exist, so that the propagation efficiency and the cost of the phytoseiid chile are low, and the industrial development of the phytoseiid chile is severely restricted.
Therefore, the method for large-scale propagation of phytoseiid chile is a problem to be solved by the technicians in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for large-scale propagation of Phytoseius wisdom, which is characterized in that a great amount of leaf mites are propagated by planting black nightshade in batches, and a certain amount of bean seedlings of the Phytoseius wisdom which are propagated are not required to be reserved in the propagation process of the Phytoseius wisdom for the inoculation of the leaf mites in the next batch. The black nightshade seeds in the technical scheme of the invention are easy to obtain, the obtaining cost is lower than that of bean seeds, and the propagation cost of phytoseiid in Chilean can be reduced by 5% -10%. In addition, through the inoculation of the black nightshade plants, enough spider mites can be directly inoculated on bean seedlings, compared with the existing method, the propagation time of the spider mites of 12-13 days can be reduced, the whole propagation period of the phytoseiid chile is shortened by more than 25%, and the propagation efficiency of the phytoseiid chile is effectively improved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for co-breeding phytoseiulus chili by using black nightshade and bean seedlings, aiming at the technical problems of low utilization rate of host plants, long propagation cycle time, low yield per unit area and the like of the phytoseiulus chili in the industrial propagation process of the phytoseiulus chili.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for large-scale propagation of Phytoseius wisdom comprises the steps of planting and culturing host plants such as black nightshade and bean seedlings, inoculating and propagating leaf mites, inoculating and propagating Phytoseius wisdom, and harvesting Phytoseius wisdom.
The planting and culturing of the host plants black nightshade and bean seedlings comprises the steps of soaking healthy and mature black nightshade seeds in water for 24 hours, soaking in gibberellin solution with the concentration of 200mg/L for 3 hours, filling potting soil into hole trays, pouring enough water into each hole of 1 seed, transplanting the seedlings into a greenhouse or a flowerpot with the diameter of 24-32cm when the black nightshade seedlings grow to 15cm, and watering in time. Soaking healthy and mature beans for 24 hours, accelerating germination at 25-28 ℃ for 24 hours, after the white buds of the seeds are exposed, planting the seeds into planting boxes, watering every 50-70 seeds every 2-3d after soil emergence, and keeping the temperature at 18-20 ℃ and the humidity at 50-70% until the true leaves are fully unfolded.
The technical effects achieved by the technical scheme are as follows:
the seeds can be quickly absorbed by the clean water after being soaked in the clean water, so that the water content for normal germination can be achieved, the seed shells can be softened, the germination speed can be increased, and the germination rate can be improved; the gibberellin is used for soaking the seeds, so that the dormancy stage of the seeds can be broken, the germination of the seeds can be promoted, the growth and flowering of plants can be promoted, the total area of leaves of the plants can be enlarged, the rapid growth and accumulation of plant proteins can be promoted, and the like.
The potting soil is prepared from matrix soil and vermiculite according to a volume ratio of 1:2.
The technical effects achieved by the technical scheme are as follows:
the technical scheme of the potting soil disclosed by the invention is rich in organic matters, has good ventilation and moisturizing effects, can avoid root rot, promote the rapid growth of seedlings, and can reduce the input cost.
The inoculation and propagation of the spider mites comprise that when the leaf of the black nightshade grows to more than 50cm, the spider mites are inoculated from the lower leaf of the black nightshade, each plant is 300-500, so that the spider mites gradually propagate to the upper leaf of the black nightshade, the water management of the black nightshade is enhanced, when each leaf has more than 500 leaf of each mite-state spider mite, the leaf of the black nightshade is taken off, the leaf of the black nightshade is inoculated to the bean seedlings with the true leaf fully developed, each plant is 500, and the leaf of the black nightshade is taken off after 48-72 hours, so that the bean seedlings with the propagated spider mites are obtained.
Preferably, the inoculation quantity of each strain of leaf mites inoculated from the lower leaf blade of the black nightshade is 500.
The technical effects achieved by the technical scheme are as follows:
the spider mites are more likely to harm the black nightshade, and the black nightshade has stronger tolerance to the pest mites, so that the spider mites can be propagated in a sufficient quantity without causing death of host plants.
The inoculation and propagation of the Phytoseius wisdom comprises the steps of transferring bean seedlings of the propagated Phytoseius wisdom into a Phytoseius wisdom propagation chamber, enabling a bottle mouth filled with the Phytoseius wisdom to be close to leaves, enabling the Phytoseius wisdom to climb onto the bean seedlings, or using the leaves with the Phytoseius wisdom to induce and collect in the Phytoseius wisdom propagation chamber and a collection chamber, and then uniformly inoculating the leaves loaded with the Phytoseius wisdom onto the bean seedlings. The access ratio of the tetranychus to the phytoseiid in the Chile is greater than 5:1, preferably greater than 50:1 and less than 100:1. Controlling the temperature of the Phytoseius wisdom breeding room to be 25-30 ℃ and the humidity to be 50-70%.
The collection of the phytoseiid Chile comprises the step of collecting the phytoseiid Chile by using a phytoseiid Chile collection device when the leaf of the bean seedling is completely eaten by harmful mites and the ratio of the two-spotted spider mites to the phytoseiid Chile on the bean seedling is 1:1 after the propagation of the phytoseiid Chile.
Compared with the prior art, the method for large-scale propagation of the Phytoseius wisdom is provided, the raw materials are easy to obtain, the breeding method is simple and easy to operate, the cost can be effectively reduced, the propagation time of the Tetranychus wisdom is reduced, and the propagation period of the Phytoseius wisdom is shortened.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Soaking healthy and mature black nightshade seeds for 24 hours, soaking the black nightshade seeds for 3 hours by using a gibberellin solution with the concentration of 200mg/L, filling potting soil into hole trays, pouring enough water into each hole, transplanting the black nightshade seedlings into a greenhouse or a flowerpot with the diameter of 24cm when the black nightshade seedlings grow to 15cm, and watering in time. Soaking healthy and mature beans for 24 hours, accelerating germination at 25 ℃ for 24 hours, after the seeds are exposed out of white buds, placing the seeds into a planting box, watering 50 seeds in each box every 2 days after the seeds are unearthed, controlling the temperature to 18 ℃ and the humidity to 50 percent until the true leaves are fully unfolded, and obtaining bean seedlings.
The potting soil is prepared from matrix soil and vermiculite according to a volume ratio of 1:2.
When the black nightshade grows to more than 50cm, the leaf mites are inoculated from the lower leaf, each 300 leaf is inoculated, so that the leaf mites gradually propagate to the leaf on the upper part of the black nightshade, the water management of the black nightshade is enhanced, when each leaf has more than 500 leaf mites, the leaf mites are removed, the leaf mites are inoculated to bean seedlings with fully developed true leaf, each 500 leaf is inoculated, and the leaf mites are removed after 48 hours, so that bean seedlings with the propagated leaf mites are obtained.
The bean seedlings of the tetranychus which are propagated are moved into a Phytoseius chilo propagation chamber, the mouth of a bottle filled with the Phytoseius chilo is close to the leaves, so that the Phytoseius chilo climbs onto the bean seedlings, the leaves with the tetranychus can be used for attracting in the Phytoseius chilo propagation chamber and the collecting chamber, and then the leaves loaded with the Phytoseius chilo are uniformly inoculated onto the bean seedlings. The access ratio of the tetranychus to the phytoseiid in the Chile is greater than 5:1, preferably greater than 50:1 and less than 100:1. Controlling the temperature of the Phytoseius wisdom breeding room to 25 ℃ and the humidity to 50%.
After the Phytoseius wisdom is propagated, when the leaf blades of the bean seedlings are eaten by the pest mites, and the ratio of the two-spotted spider mites to the Phytoseius wisdom on the bean seedlings is 1:1, the Phytoseius wisdom can be collected by adopting the Phytoseius wisdom collecting device.
Example 2
Soaking healthy and mature black nightshade seeds for 24h, soaking in a gibberellin solution with the concentration of 200mg/L for 3h, filling potting soil into hole trays, pouring enough water into each hole, transplanting the black nightshade seedlings into a greenhouse or a flowerpot with the diameter of 28cm when the black nightshade seedlings grow to 15cm, and watering in time. Soaking healthy and mature bean seeds for 24 hours, accelerating germination at 26 ℃ for 24 hours, after the seeds are exposed out of white buds, placing the seeds into a planting box, watering every box for 60 grains every 2 days after soil emergence, controlling the temperature to be 19 ℃ and the humidity to be 60 percent until true leaves are completely unfolded, and obtaining bean seedlings.
The potting soil is prepared from matrix soil and vermiculite according to a volume ratio of 1:2.
When the black nightshade grows to more than 50cm, leaf mites are inoculated from the lower leaf, each plant is 400 heads, so that the leaf mites gradually propagate to the leaf on the upper part of the black nightshade, the water management of the black nightshade is enhanced, when each leaf has more than 500 heads of leaf mites, the leaf mites are removed, the leaf mites are inoculated to bean seedlings with fully developed true leaf, each plant is 500 heads, and the leaf mites are removed after 60 hours, so that bean seedlings with the propagated leaf mites are obtained.
The bean seedlings of the tetranychus which are propagated are moved into a Phytoseius wisdom propagation chamber, the inoculation carrier of the Phytoseius wisdom is available or not, the mouth of a bottle containing the Phytoseius wisdom is close to the leaves, so that the Phytoseius wisdom is climbed onto the bean seedlings, the leaves with the tetranychus wisdom can be used for attracting in the Phytoseius wisdom propagation chamber and the collection chamber, and then the leaves loaded with the Phytoseius wisdom are uniformly inoculated onto the bean seedlings. The access ratio of the tetranychus to the phytoseiid in the Chile is greater than 5:1, preferably greater than 50:1 and less than 100:1. Controlling the temperature of the Phytoseius wisdom breeding room to 28 ℃ and the humidity to 60%.
After the Phytoseius wisdom is propagated, when the leaf blades of the bean seedlings are eaten by the pest mites, and the ratio of the two-spotted spider mites to the Phytoseius wisdom on the bean seedlings is 1:1, the Phytoseius wisdom can be collected by adopting the Phytoseius wisdom collecting device.
Example 3
Soaking healthy and mature black nightshade seeds for 24h, soaking in a gibberellin solution with the concentration of 200mg/L for 3h, filling potting soil into hole trays, pouring enough water into each hole, transplanting the black nightshade seedlings into a greenhouse or a flowerpot with the diameter of 32cm when the black nightshade seedlings grow to 15cm, and watering in time. Soaking healthy and mature bean seeds for 24 hours, accelerating germination at 28 ℃ for 24 hours, after the seeds are exposed out of white buds, placing the seeds into a planting box, watering each box for 70 grains every 3 days after the seeds are unearthed, controlling the temperature to 20 ℃ and the humidity to 70 percent until the true leaves are fully unfolded, and obtaining bean seedlings.
The potting soil is prepared from matrix soil and vermiculite according to a volume ratio of 1:2.
When the black nightshade grows to more than 50cm, leaf mites are inoculated from the lower leaf, each plant is 400 heads, so that the leaf mites gradually propagate to the leaf on the upper part of the black nightshade, the water management of the black nightshade is enhanced, when each leaf has more than 500 heads of leaf mites, the leaf mites are removed, the leaf mites are inoculated to bean seedlings with fully developed true leaf, each plant is 500 heads, and the leaf mites are removed after 72 hours, so that bean seedlings with the propagated leaf mites are obtained.
The bean seedlings of the tetranychus which are propagated are moved into a Phytoseius wisdom propagation chamber, the inoculation carrier of the Phytoseius wisdom is available or not, the mouth of a bottle containing the Phytoseius wisdom is close to the leaves, so that the Phytoseius wisdom is climbed onto the bean seedlings, the leaves with the tetranychus wisdom can be used for attracting in the Phytoseius wisdom propagation chamber and the collection chamber, and then the leaves loaded with the Phytoseius wisdom are uniformly inoculated onto the bean seedlings. The access ratio of the tetranychus to the phytoseiid in the Chile is greater than 5:1, preferably greater than 50:1 and less than 100:1. Controlling the temperature of the Phytoseius wisdom breeding room to be 30 ℃ and the humidity to be 70%.
After the Phytoseius wisdom is propagated, when the leaf blades of the bean seedlings are eaten by the pest mites, and the ratio of the two-spotted spider mites to the Phytoseius wisdom on the bean seedlings is 1:1, the Phytoseius wisdom can be collected by adopting the Phytoseius wisdom collecting device.
Comparative example 1
Only beans were used as host plants to inoculate Tetranychus, after which Tetranychus urticae was used to reproduce Phytoseius mental disease, and the rest steps were the same as in example 2 of the present invention. The results obtained are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As shown by the experimental results, the rapid propagation method of the phytoseiid chile disclosed by the invention can shorten the propagation period of the phytoseiid chile by 25% compared with that of comparative example 1, and effectively improve the propagation efficiency.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (4)
1. The method for efficiently propagating phytoseiid chile on a large scale is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Cultivating black nightshade and bean seedlings:
the black nightshade seed culturing step is to soak the black nightshade seeds which are healthy and mature for 24 hours with clear water, soak for 3 hours with 200mg/L gibberellin solution, put potting soil into a cave dish, the potting soil is prepared by matrix soil and vermiculite according to the volume ratio of 1:2, 1 seed per cave, water is fully poured, when the black nightshade seedlings grow to 15cm, the seedlings are transplanted into a greenhouse or a flowerpot, and water is timely added;
2) Inoculating spider mites on the black nightshade for propagation, and when more than 500 spider mites in each spider mite state exist, picking up black nightshade leaves and inoculating bean seedlings;
3) Inoculating phytoseiid Chile onto bean seedlings for propagation:
the temperature and humidity of the Phytoseius wisdom breeding room are controlled at 25-30 ℃ and 50-70%;
4) Collecting Phytoseius wisdom:
the step of collecting the phytoseiid chile comprises the step of collecting the phytoseiid chile by adopting a phytoseiid chile collecting device when the leaf blades of the bean seedlings are eaten by the pest mites and the ratio of the two-spotted spider mites to the phytoseiid chile on the bean seedlings is 1:1.
2. The method for efficient large-scale propagation of Phytoseius wisdom according to claim 1, wherein the step of cultivating bean seedlings is to soak healthy and mature bean seeds with clear water, germinate, after the seeds are exposed out of white buds, putting the seeds into a planting box, watering after the seeds are out of the soil, and controlling the temperature and the humidity until the true leaves are fully unfolded to obtain bean seedlings.
3. The method for efficient and large-scale propagation of Phytoseius wisdom according to claim 1, wherein the steps of inoculating and propagating the Phytoseius wisdom comprise the steps of transferring bean seedlings of the propagated Tetranychus wisdom into a Phytoseius wisdom propagation chamber, and uniformly inoculating leaves carrying the Phytoseius wisdom onto the bean seedlings; controlling the room temperature and humidity of the propagation of the phytoseiulus wisdom.
4. The method for efficient large-scale propagation of Phytoseius wisdom according to claim 2, wherein the period of time for soaking the bean seeds in clear water is 24 hours; the germination accelerating is carried out for 24 hours at the temperature of 25-28 ℃; planting 50-70 bean seeds in each planting box; watering once in 2-3d after the soil is removed; the temperature of the bean seedling is controlled at 18-20deg.C, and the humidity is controlled at 50-70%.
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