JP2003325078A - Biological pesticide using predacious insect serangium ryukyuense, method for producing the same, artificial ovum collection device used for the method and method for insect pest control using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a biological pesticide which does not have problems associated with a conventional biological pesticide and with which the growth of a large amount of natural enemies to be used is efficiently attained and which has high general purpose properties and to provide a method for insect pest control using the biological pesticide and a method for producing the biological pesticide. <P>SOLUTION: The biological pesticide for insect pest control comprises Serangium ryukyuense. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a biopesticide for controlling pests, a method for producing the same, an egg-collecting substrate used for the method, and a method for controlling pests using the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Damage to small sucking insects, especially whiteflies, is not limited to quality deterioration and growth inhibition due to chlorosis of leaves and fruits due to sucking damage of this species, but also to the transmission of viral diseases and excretion. There are soot diseases that are induced, and the damage is enormous.

[0003] In addition, pediculaceous species also contain important pest species that mediate citrus greening disease, and when they occur frequently, they cause great damage to crops such as deterioration in quality and growth inhibition due to induction of soot disease. In addition, the scale insects, aphids, and spider mites are also important and difficult to control pests that cause the same damage as the whiteflies and the psyllids.

The control of these harmful insects has been carried out mainly by spraying chemical synthetic insecticides, but at present, drug-resistant strains have emerged, and it is extremely difficult to control them only by insecticides. In addition, chemically synthesized pesticides are subject to adverse effects on the human body, environment and non-target organisms. Therefore, there is a strong demand for a method for controlling chemical synthetic insecticides.

Under these circumstances, biological pesticides utilizing predatory mites and stink bugs have recently been registered as pesticides as pest control materials that are not chemically synthesized pesticides. Unlike conventional chemically synthesized pesticides, the biological pesticides do not use compounds, and thus avoid the above problems.

Under such a background, the above whiteflies,
For example, parasitic bees and insect parasitic fungi have been registered as biological pesticides as a control material for silver leaf whitefly and the like, and the importance of biological control is being recognized. However, since the parasitoid bees are foreign natural enemies, there is concern about their impact on the domestic ecosystem.
In addition, the effects of insect parasites are apt to be influenced by environmental factors and their usage is rather complicated, so their spread to farmers is delayed.

Further, the parasitic bees and insect parasitic fungi are
As a result, the number of target species that can be controlled is small, so that there is a drawback that the versatility is poor. Therefore, even if these biological pesticides are used, the pests that cannot be controlled by the pesticides will repeatedly grow and harm. Moreover, natural enemies are generally highly sensitive to drugs, and it is often impossible to simultaneously use a synthetic insecticide for the purpose of controlling the residual pests or a fungicide used for preventing plant diseases. In addition, no effective biopesticides have been developed so far for psyllids.

Therefore, in the conventional biological pesticide,
Although the above problems that have been problems with chemically synthesized insecticides have been solved, there are still problems that remain in terms of environmental safety, production and use costs, and effects.

Therefore, there is a strong demand for the development of biological pesticides using natural enemies that have a high control effect against the above-mentioned pest species and have a low production cost.

[0010]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems of conventional biopesticides, which is a highly versatile biopesticide capable of efficiently multiplying the natural enemies used. It is intended to provide a pest control method using a biological pesticide and a manufacturing method thereof.

[0011]

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present inventor has conducted extensive studies to solve the above problems, and found that Ryukyu Tsuyatentou, which is a widespread indigenous natural enemy, can be used as a biological pesticide, and an organism utilizing this. The present invention has been completed by creating a pesticide and its mass-propagation method. That is, the present invention relates to a biopesticide for controlling pests, which contains Ryukyu Tsuyatoto.

[0012] The present invention also relates to the above-mentioned biological pesticide, wherein Ryukyu Tsuya tentou is one or two or more selected from the group consisting of adults, eggs and pupae. Furthermore, the present invention provides that the dosage form is a container containing adults and / or eggs of Ryukyu Tsuyatentou,
Also, the present invention relates to the above-mentioned biological pesticide, which is a piece of small paper to which the pupa of Ryukyu Tsuya Tento is attached. Further, the present invention relates to the above-mentioned biological pesticide, wherein the pest to be controlled is whitefly, whitefly, mealybug, aphids or spider mites. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the above-mentioned biological pesticide, wherein the whiteflies are silver leaf whiteflies.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for controlling pests, characterized in that any one of the above biological pesticides is installed in a field.

The present invention also relates to a method for producing a biological pesticide containing Ryukyu Tsuyatentou by mass-growing Ryukyu Tsuyatentou using an artificial feed, a plant organism and an egg-collecting substrate. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the above method, wherein the egg collection substrate is a fresh leaf or an artificial egg collection device. Further, the present invention relates to an artificial egg collector for growing a large amount of biological pesticide, the artificial egg collector including a ghost and a table on which the ghost is placed. Further, the present invention relates to the artificial egg-collecting device, wherein the ghost is curved and its convex surface contacts the table. The present invention also relates to the artificial egg-collecting device, wherein the biological pesticide comprises Ryukyu Tsuyatentou.

In the course of research on the present invention, the inventors of the present invention invaded the Okinawa Greenhouse Agricultural Experiment Station glass greenhouse for silver leaf whiteflies in search of natural enemies to search for predators around June 2001 when the species invaded. I found it doing. The present inventors subsequently observed the progress thereof, and confirmed that this species brought silverleaf whiteflies to a state of nearly extinction by predation in about January. It should be noted that the identification of the same type, ask the Former Fukui University professor Sasa OsamuHiroyuki, ultimately the same kind Ryukyu gloss beetle (Serangi
um ryukyuense ).

In addition, the present inventors found in September 2001 that this species preyed on mango lice in a field where mango lice were generated. Furthermore, the present inventors discovered in October 2001 that they prey on citrus lice through field research and indoor rearing of citrus lice. The present invention is based on these discoveries and observations.

The Ryukyu Tsuya-tento mainly feeds on whiteflies and white lice, and also has food habits against scale insects, aphids and spider mites. This species is an indigenous natural enemy whose distribution has been confirmed only in Okinawa Prefecture in Japan. Therefore,
The biopesticide according to the present invention is excellent in environmental safety and versatility.

In order to control pests using the biopesticide according to the present invention, it is possible to simply install an appropriate number of the pesticide in the field, so that it is very easy to use and safe for users. Is also excellent.

Furthermore, Ryukyu Tsuyatentou, which is used as a biopesticide of the present invention, can be mass-produced indoors using artificial feed, plant organisms and egg-collecting substrates, so that the biopesticide of the present invention can be stably produced.・ Can be supplied. That is, according to the present invention, stable mass production technology of Ryukyu Tsuyatentou has been established, and against whiteflies and whiteflies, which are important pests such as horticultural crops, the use of chemically synthesized pesticides has been reduced. Control becomes possible. In addition, since this species is a natural enemy of indigenous nature, it is possible to provide a very safe biological control method by releasing it in the field without affecting the domestic ecosystem.

[0020]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION If the biopesticides according to the present invention are introduced into a field when Ryukyu Tsuya Tentou is at the stage of adults, eggs or pupae, a long-term control effect can be obtained. In particular, it is preferable to introduce an adult worm because the controlling effect becomes more effective. As a dosage form, a container such as a bottle containing an adult and / or an egg, or a small piece of paper attached with a pupa is suitable for both distribution and use. In use, an excellent control effect against target pests can be obtained by a very simple method of installing the above-mentioned container or small piece of paper in a field requiring control.

The Ryukyu Tsuya tentou mainly feeds on the whiteflies such as the silver leaf whitefly and the white lice such as the mango psyllium and the orange lice. Therefore, the biological pesticide according to the present invention,
It is particularly suitable for controlling these pests. For example, it is estimated that the maximum daily predation amount of this species of silver leaf whitefly is about 150 and the lifetime predation amount is about several thousand to 10,000.

The predatory range of this species is usually the above whiteflies and white lice, but in the absence of these insects, spider mites such as kanzawa mites, scale insects such as stag beetles, cotton aphids and green peach aphids. Prey on aphids such as. Therefore, according to the biological pesticide of the present invention, various small sucking pests can be effectively controlled.

In the spread of biological pesticides, it is essential to establish a stable supply system with a large amount of target individual organisms.

The large-scale growth of this species can be easily carried out by using an artificial feed, fresh plant leaves and an egg-collecting substrate. That is, adults can be bred on artificial feeds and honey artificial feeds whose main ingredients are male bee powder. The larva is
Pupae can be easily reared by feeding eggs, larvae, and pupae of Silverleaf whiteflies, which are highly parasitized to plants preferred by Silverleaf whiteflies, on their leaves. As the egg-laying substrate, a leaf infested with silver leaf whitefly larvae or a dedicated egg-picking device (artificial egg-picker) is used.

The artificial egg collector may include a ghost and a table on which the ghost is placed. Typically, the artificial egg collector can have a rectangular shape. Further, the ghost is made of nylon and the pedestal is made of styrene, which is inexpensive and is preferably used. It is preferable in terms of breeding efficiency that the above-mentioned goose is curved and its convex surface is in contact with the stand because the gap formed by each becomes a suitable spawning site for Ryukyu Tsuyatentou.

Regarding the growth status of this species using the above-mentioned devices, for example, in the result of constant temperature breeding at 26 ° C., the number of development days from egg to adult is 14.5 days, pre-laying period is 6 days, and spawning is carried out daily. The number was 10 to 15.

On the other hand, the breeding of silver leaf whitefly, which is the food of this species, is carried out by allowing suitable hosts (currently cabbage, eggplant, and tobacco) of this species raised in the compartment for spawning to lay eggs for 3 days, and then grow. It can be carried out by cutting off the parasitized leaves at the stage where they have grown to 3rd instar larvae (16 to 18 days after egg laying in constant temperature breeding at 26 ° C.) in the breeding compartment and feeding them in the breeding compartment of this species larva.

As described above, Ryukyu Tsuyatentou can be mass-produced by a simple method, so that the biopesticide of the present invention can be stably supplied.

The embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the tables and the drawings, which are for the purpose of explaining the present invention more clearly and limit the scope of the present invention in any case. is not.

[0030]

(Example) (Example 1) Ryukyu Tsuya-tento is developed by 5 stages of constant temperature breeding in the range of 17 to 29 ° C. The egg period, the larva period, the pupa period, the pre-laying period of adults and the spawning period I checked for numbers. The breeding was carried out under the conditions of individual breeding in transparent styrene containers (66 × 37 × 12 mm), feeding enough silver leaf whitefly white larvae as feed, setting the container in an incubator, and having a day length of 14 L10D. Eggs were laid in poinsettia or eggplants for rootstocks infested with silverleaf whitefly for 24 hours, and the eggs were set in the above-mentioned container and hatched. As a result, the growth days of this species decreased with increasing temperature in the test temperature range (Table 1). This suggests that the biopesticide according to the present invention is also suitable for use under high temperature conditions such as in a greenhouse.

[0031]

[Table 1]

(Example 2) Reproductive characteristics of Ryukyu Tsuya tentou The results at 20 ° C and 26 ° C are shown in Table 2.
26 ° C was considered to be a suitable breeding condition for this species.

[0033]

[Table 2]

(Example 3) Mass-proliferation method of Ryukyu Tsuya-toento (1) When parasitic leaf of silver leaf whitefly is used as an egg-collecting substrate Egg-collecting is a polypropylene egg-raising case having a vent 1 in its lid. 30 adult adults on and after the 7th day after emergence were housed in the leaves, and several leaves 2 infested with silver leaf whiteflies were placed therein and allowed to lay eggs for 2 days (FIG. 1). Then, the leaves that have already been laid are taken out and placed in a polypropylene-made propagation container (a container for larvae rearing), and the parasitic leaf 2 of silver leaf whitefly is replenished at any time in consideration of the feeding amount of hatched larvae. At this time, a strip of paper 3 cut into strips was placed to create a space between the leaves. Room temperature 26 ℃, humidity 60
Store under 70% condition and collect when adult emerges. After 15 days, the number of adult Ryukyu Tsuyatentou adults produced per breeding case was 100 to 200 (Fig. 2). As a parasitic leaf of the silver leaf whitefly, which is a food of this species, and a kanlan leaf infested with the white leaf whitefly was used as an egg-laying substrate.

(2) When an artificial egg collector is used as the egg collecting substrate In the case of egg collection, 3 to 4 artificial egg collectors (FIG. 3) consisting of nylon goose 4 and styrene table 5 are used instead of the parasitic leaves of silver leaf whitefly. It was the same as (1) except that the egg collection period was 1 day. In this case as well, Ryukyu Tsuya Tento was obtained with the same efficiency as in (1). Therefore, although this device was developed on the assumption that an artificial feed is used for the mass breeding of this species, it was considered to sufficiently fulfill the practical purpose.

(Example 4) Predation amount of each silver leaf whitefly of Ryukyu Tsuya tentou by each stage The predation amount of each silver leaf whitefly of each Ryukyu Tsuya lady beetle adult was investigated 24 hours after giving a fixed number. As a result, about 100 eggs, about 45 young larvae, 20 old larvae and pupae
It was found to prey on about one animal (Table 3).

[0037]

[Table 3]

Example 5 Predation Amount of Silver Leaf Whitefly of Ryukyu Tsuya Tentobi under Different Stages Mixture Predation amount when each stage of Silver leaf whitefly white adult Ryukyu Tsuyaento mixed with each stage was investigated 24 hours later. As a result, it was found that the total number of predators was about 150 (Table 4).

[0039]

[Table 4]

(Example 6) Control effect of silver leaf whitefly by Ryukyu Tsuya tentou by pot test In a group in which 5 adults of Ryukyu Tsuya lady beetle were released per pot, most of the silver leaf whiteflies were released 16 days after release. It was not seen, and the control effect was extremely high (Fig. 4).

[0041]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention provides a biopesticide capable of efficiently multiplying natural enemies to be used and having high versatility, a pest control method using the biopesticide, and a production method thereof. Therefore, according to the present invention, the control of whiteflies such as silver leaf whitefly and whiteflies such as whiteflies can be carried out efficiently and safely.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a view showing an egg collection container of Ryukyu Tsuya tentou.

FIG. 2 is a view showing a growth container of Ryukyu Tsuya Toto.

FIG. 3 is a view showing an artificial egg collector of Ryukyu Tsuya tentou.

FIG. 4 is a view showing a density suppressing effect of Ryukyu Tsuya Tentou on silver leaf whiteflies by a pot test.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Vent 2 ... Silver Leaf Whitefly Parasitic Leaf 3 ... Strip-shaped Paper Piece 4 ... Nylon Goose 5 ... Styrene Stand 6 ... Ryukyu Tsuyatentou Spawning Site (between Nylon Gose and Styrol Stand)

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Futoshi Kawamura             Okinawa Prefecture Naha City Shurisakiyama Town 4-222 Okinawa Prefecture             Agricultural experimental station (72) Inventor Takeshi Oishi             Okinawa Prefecture Naha City Shurisakiyama Town 4-222 Okinawa Prefecture             Agricultural experimental station (72) Inventor Yoshitomo Yamada             Okinawa Prefecture Naha City Shurisakiyama Town 4-222 Okinawa Prefecture             Agricultural experimental station (72) Inventor Toru Shimizu             586 Takaan, Tomigusuku-mura, Okinawa Prefecture Ryukyu Sankei             Within the corporation F-term (reference) 4H011 AC01 AC04 BB23 DB02

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. A biopesticide for controlling pests, which comprises Ryukyu Tsuyatentou. 2. The biopesticide according to claim 1, wherein the growth stage of Ryukyu Tsuya-tento is one or more selected from the group consisting of adults, eggs and pupae. 3. The dosage form is a container containing adults and / or eggs of Ryukyu Tsuyatentou, or a small piece of paper attached with the pupae of Ryukyu Tsuyatentou. Or the biological pesticide according to 2. 4. The biopesticide according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pest to be controlled is a whitefly, a whitefly, a green mealybug, an aphid or a spider mite. 5. The biopesticide according to claim 4, wherein the whiteflies are silver leaf whiteflies. 6. A method for controlling pests, which comprises installing the biopesticide according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in a field. 7. A method for producing a biopesticide containing Ryukyu Tsuyatentou by mass-growing Ryukyu Tsuyatentou using an artificial feed, a plant organism and an egg-collecting substrate. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the egg collection substrate is a fresh leaf or an artificial egg collection device. 9. An artificial egg collector for growing a large amount of a biopesticide, which comprises a gose and a table on which the gose is placed. 10. The artificial egg-collecting device according to claim 9, wherein the goose is curved and its convex surface is in contact with the base. 11. The artificial egg collecting device according to claim 9, wherein the biopesticide contains Ryukyu Tsuyatentou.