CN110679455A - Water planting method for solanum nigrum - Google Patents
Water planting method for solanum nigrum Download PDFInfo
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- CN110679455A CN110679455A CN201910917588.XA CN201910917588A CN110679455A CN 110679455 A CN110679455 A CN 110679455A CN 201910917588 A CN201910917588 A CN 201910917588A CN 110679455 A CN110679455 A CN 110679455A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant water culture, and discloses a solanum nigrum water culture method which comprises the following steps: (1) treating seeds and sowing; (2) manufacturing a water culture box, and selecting a proper planting basket and a proper planting sponge; (3) preparing a nutrient solution; (4) selecting black nightshade seedlings, and planting the black nightshade seedlings in a water culture box; (5) transplanting the black nightshade seedlings into a big water culture box for cultivation; (6) managing oxygen supply; (7) and (4) pest control. The water planting of the black nightshade by adopting the method is not limited by time and season; the water culture box can simultaneously perform water culture on a plurality of plants, so that the growth environment of the plants is consistent; by replacing the nutrient solution regularly and supplying oxygen continuously for 24 hours, nutrients required by plant growth are ensured, and the rapid growth of plants is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant water culture, and particularly relates to a water culture method for solanum nigrum.
Background
Solanum nigrum (Solanum nigrum), Solanum genus of Solanaceae family, annual upright herb, plant height 25-100 cm, stem without edge or with unobvious edge, green or purple, leaf oval, whole margin or irregular wavy thick teeth, white corolla, 5 deep cracks, about 2 mm long, berry spherical, black color when ripe, and almost all distributed nationwide. The whole plant can be used as a medicine, and has the effects of dissipating blood stasis, relieving swelling, clearing heat and removing toxicity (Chinese plant will). Wengel et al (2005) discovered that solanum nigrum is a cadmium hyperaccumulator and can be used for treating cadmium heavy metal contaminated soil.
In the research on the influence of heavy metals on the physiological characteristics of the solanum nigrum and the heavy metal enrichment mechanism, the heavy metals in soil culture can be influenced by different types of soil, while water culture is a soilless culture technology, so that the components of the nutrient solution can be clearly determined, and the interference of other factors can be eliminated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water culture method for solanum nigrum.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a water culture method for solanum nigrum comprises the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: soaking solanum nigrum seeds in potassium nitrate solution, washing the solanum nigrum seeds with ultrapure water, sowing the solanum nigrum seeds in a plug tray containing a matrix, laminating the plug tray, placing the plug tray in a plastic greenhouse, and removing a plastic film after seedlings germinate;
(2) water culture: after the seedlings grow true leaves, washing the substrate attached to the seedling root systems with ultrapure water, wrapping the root systems with planting sponge, putting the root systems into a planting basket, putting the planting basket into a small hole of a foam box cover, and cultivating in a foam box filled with nutrient solution to ensure that the seedling root systems are soaked in the nutrient solution, the stem base parts of the seedlings do not contact with the nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution is periodically replaced and oxygen is continuously supplied;
(3) transplanting: after waiting that the seedling grows a period in the foam case, take out the seedling, wrap up the root system with the field planting sponge, put into the field planting basket to put into the field planting basket the downthehole of water planting case lid, continue to cultivate in the water planting case that is equipped with the nutrient solution, regularly change the nutrient solution, and last the oxygen suppliment, carry out the pest control.
The concentration of the potassium nitrate solution in the step (1) is 10g/L, and the soaking time is 7-24 h.
The substrate in the step (1) is grass carbon or disinfected sand.
The specification of the field planting sponge in the step (2) is as follows: the diameter is 2.5cm and the height is 1 cm; the planting basket is characterized in that: the outer diameter is 3.5cm, the inner diameter is 2.4cm, the height is 3.5cm, the diameter of the bottom is 2cm, and the diameter of a round hole at the bottom is 1 cm; the specification of the foam box is as follows: the length is 53cm, the width is 41.5cm, the height is 11cm, the wall thickness is 3.2cm, the foam box cover is provided with small holes, the punching distance is 1.5-2.3cm, and the hole diameter is 2.4 cm.
The specification of the field planting sponge in the step (3) is as follows: the diameter is 3.2cm and the height is 3 cm; the planting basket is characterized in that: the outer diameter is 4.6cm, the inner diameter is 3.2cm, the height is 3.5cm, the diameter of the bottom is 2.7cm, and the diameter of a round hole at the bottom is 1.2 cm; the specification of the water culture box is as follows: the length is 41cm, the width is 26cm, and the height is 14 cm.
The nutrient solution in the steps (2) and (3) comprises the following components: 0.35g K per liter2SO4、0.44g CaCl2、0.14gKH2PO4、0.5g NH4NO3、0.49g MgSO4·7H2O、6.2mg H3BO3、22.3mg MnSO4·H2O、8.62mg ZnSO4·7H2O、0.83mg KI、0.025mg CuSO4·5H2O、0.026mg CoCl2·6H2O、0.25mg Na2MoO4·2H2O、27.8mg FeSO4·7H2O、37.3mg EDTA-Na2The solvent is water.
And (3) the time for the seedlings to grow in the foam boxes is 1 month.
The regular replacement of the nutrient solution in the steps (2) and (3) is to replace the nutrient solution every 4 days.
And (3) continuously supplying oxygen for 24 hours by adopting an oxygen supply pump, wherein the power of the oxygen supply pump is 2.5w, and the exhaust gas volume is 1.8L/min.
The pest control in the step (3) is specifically as follows: spraying 1000 times of omethoate solution every 7 days to prevent and control ladybug, aphid and spider mite.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by adopting a proper nutrient solution formula, the black nightshade seedlings grow quickly; and oxygen is supplied for 24 hours, so that root rot can be effectively prevented.
2. The water planting of the black nightshade by adopting the method is not limited by time and season; according to the growth of the black nightshade plants, a matched water culture box is selected to ensure the quick growth of the black nightshade plants; the water culture box can simultaneously perform water culture on a plurality of plants, ensures the growth environment of the plants to be consistent, and provides the solanum nigrum plants with consistent growth for scientific experiments; by replacing the nutrient solution regularly and supplying oxygen continuously for 24 hours, nutrients required by plant growth are ensured, and the rapid growth of plants is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a water culture device, wherein A is a foam water culture box and B is an 11-hole water culture box.
Fig. 2 shows the growth state of the black nightshade in the foam water culture box, wherein A is black nightshade seedlings which are planted for the first time, and B is black nightshade seedlings which are cultured for about 28 days.
FIG. 3 shows the growth of Solanum nigrum in 11-hole hydroponic tank for about 7 days.
FIG. 4 shows the growth of Solanum nigrum after ripening (45 days) in 11-hole hydroponic box culture.
Detailed Description
The following examples are further illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.
Example 1
A water culture method for solanum nigrum comprises the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: in 2018 in 3 months, healthy and mature black nightshade seeds are selected, soaked in potassium nitrate with the concentration of 10g/L for 24 hours, washed clean by ultrapure water, sowed in a hole tray by taking peat (Pindstrup Sphagnum,1-10mm) as a matrix, covered with a film (preservative film), placed in a plastic greenhouse, and the plastic film is removed after seedlings germinate.
(2) Manufacturing a water culture box: selecting a foam box with the length of 53cm, the width of 41.5cm, the height of 28cm and the wall thickness of 3.2cm to manufacture a hydroponic device, cutting the foam box into hydroponic containers with the height of 11cm, cutting small holes on the cover of the foam box every 1.5-2.3cm, wherein the hole diameter is 2.4cm, and the foam hydroponic box is shown in figure 1A.
(3) Preparing a nutrient solution: adding a nutrient solution into a hydroponic container, wherein each liter of the nutrient solution contains the following components: 0.35gK2SO4、0.44g CaCl2、0.14g KH2PO4、0.5g NH4NO3、0.49g MgSO4·7H2O、6.2mg H3BO3、22.3mgMnSO4·H2O、8.62mg ZnSO4·7H2O、0.83mg KI、0.025mg CuSO4·5H2O、0.026mg CoCl2·6H2O、0.25mg Na2MoO4·2H2O、27.8mg FeSO4·7H2O、37.3mg EDTA-Na2The solvent is water.
(4) Water culture: after 4 true leaves grow out of the seedling, the turf attached to the root system of the seedling is washed clean by ultrapure water, the root system is wrapped by planting sponge (the planting sponge is 2.5cm in diameter and 1cm in height), the root system is placed into a planting basket (the planting basket is 3.5cm in outer diameter, 2.4cm in inner diameter, 3.5cm in height, 2cm in bottom diameter and 1cm in bottom round hole diameter), the planting basket is placed into a small hole of a foam box cover, the seedling is cultivated in a foam box (water culture container) filled with nutrient solution, the root system of the seedling is guaranteed to be soaked in the nutrient solution (the stem base of the seedling cannot contact with the nutrient solution), and the nutrient solution is replaced every 4 days. Oxygen is continuously supplied for 24 hours by adopting an oxygen adding pump, the power of the oxygen adding pump is 2.5w, and the exhaust gas volume is 1.8L/min. The growth state of the black nightshade in the foam water culture box (water culture container) is shown in figure 2, wherein A is black nightshade seedlings planted for the first time, and B is black nightshade seedlings cultivated for about 28 days.
(5) Transplanting: after the seedlings grow in the water culture container for 1 month, the black nightshade seedlings are taken out, the root systems (the specification of the field planting sponge is 3.2cm in diameter and 3cm in height) are wrapped by field planting sponge, the black nightshade seedlings are placed into a field planting basket (the specification of the field planting basket is 4.6cm in outer diameter, 3.2cm in inner diameter, 3.5cm in height, 2.7cm in bottom diameter and 1.2cm in bottom round hole diameter), the field planting basket is placed into a water culture box with 11 holes (the specification of the water culture box is 41cm in length, 26cm in width and 14cm in height, and the 11-hole water culture box is shown in a figure 1B), the black nightshade seedlings are continuously cultured in the water culture box filled with nutrient solution, and. Oxygen is continuously supplied for 24 hours by adopting an oxygen adding pump, the power of the oxygen adding pump is 2.5w, and the exhaust gas volume is 1.8L/min. The growth state of the nightshade after being transplanted to the 11-hole water culture box for about 7 days is shown in figure 3, and the growth state of the nightshade after being matured for about 45 days is shown in figure 4.
(6) And (3) pest control: spraying 1000 times of omethoate solution every 7 days to prevent and control ladybug, aphid and spider mite.
Example 2
A water culture method for solanum nigrum comprises the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: in 2018 in 3 months, healthy and mature black nightshade seeds are selected, soaked in potassium nitrate with the concentration of 10g/L for 12 hours, washed clean by ultrapure water, sowed in a hole tray by taking sand sterilized at the high temperature of 100 ℃ as a substrate, covered with a film (preservative film), placed in a plastic greenhouse, and the plastic film is removed after seedlings germinate.
(2) Manufacturing a water culture box: selecting a foam box with the length of 53cm, the width of 41.5cm, the height of 28cm and the wall thickness of 3.2cm to manufacture a hydroponic device, cutting the foam box into hydroponic containers with the height of 11cm, and cutting small holes at intervals of 1.5-2.3cm on the cover of the foam box, wherein the hole diameter is 2.4 cm.
(3) Preparing a nutrient solution: adding a nutrient solution into a hydroponic container, wherein each liter of the nutrient solution contains the following components: 0.35gK2SO4、0.44g CaCl2、0.14g KH2PO4、0.5g NH4NO3、0.49g MgSO4·7H2O、6.2mg H3BO3、22.3mgMnSO4·H2O、8.62mg ZnSO4·7H2O、0.83mg KI、0.025mg CuSO4·5H2O、0.026mg CoCl2·6H2O、0.25mg Na2MoO4·2H2O、27.8mg FeSO4·7H2O、37.3mg EDTA-Na2The solvent is water.
(4) Water culture: after 2 true leaves grow out of the seedling, sand attached to the root system of the seedling is washed clean by ultrapure water, the root system is wrapped by planting sponge (the planting sponge is 2.5cm in diameter and 1cm in height), the root system is placed into a planting basket (the planting basket is 3.5cm in outer diameter, 2.4cm in inner diameter, 3.5cm in height, 2cm in bottom diameter and 1cm in bottom round hole diameter), the planting basket is placed into a small hole of a foam box cover, the seedling is cultivated in a foam box (water culture container) filled with nutrient solution, the root system of the seedling is guaranteed to be soaked in the nutrient solution (the stem base of the seedling cannot contact with the nutrient solution), and the nutrient solution is replaced every 4 days. Oxygen is continuously supplied for 24 hours by adopting an oxygen adding pump, the power of the oxygen adding pump is 2.5w, and the exhaust gas volume is 1.8L/min.
(5) Transplanting: after the seedlings grow in a water culture container for 1 month, the black nightshade seedlings are taken out, the root systems (the specification of the field planting sponge is 3.2cm in diameter and 3cm in height) are wrapped by field planting sponge, the black nightshade seedlings are placed in a field planting basket (the specification of the field planting basket is 4.6cm in outer diameter, 3.2cm in inner diameter, 3.5cm in height, 2.7cm in bottom diameter and 1.2cm in bottom round hole diameter), the field planting basket is placed in a water culture box with 11 holes (the specification of the water culture box is 41cm in length, 26cm in width and 14cm in height), the black nightshade seedlings are continuously cultured in the water culture box filled with nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution is replaced once every. Oxygen is continuously supplied for 24 hours by adopting an oxygen adding pump, the power of the oxygen adding pump is 2.5w, and the exhaust gas volume is 1.8L/min.
(6) And (3) pest control: spraying 1000 times of omethoate solution every 7 days to prevent and control ladybug, aphid and spider mite.
Example 3
A water culture method for solanum nigrum comprises the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: in 2018 in 4 months, healthy and mature black nightshade seeds are selected, soaked in potassium nitrate with the concentration of 10g/L for 7 hours, washed clean by ultrapure water, sowed in a hole tray by taking peat (Pindstrup Sphagnum,1-10mm) as a matrix, covered with a film (preservative film), placed in a plastic greenhouse, and the plastic film is removed after seedlings germinate.
(2) Manufacturing a water culture box: selecting a foam box with the length of 53cm, the width of 41.5cm, the height of 28cm and the wall thickness of 3.2cm to manufacture a hydroponic device, cutting the foam box into hydroponic containers with the height of 11cm, and cutting small holes at intervals of 1.5-2.3cm on the cover of the foam box, wherein the hole diameter is 2.4 cm.
(3) Preparing a nutrient solution: adding a nutrient solution into a hydroponic container, wherein each liter of the nutrient solution contains the following components: 0.35gK2SO4、0.44g CaCl2、0.14g KH2PO4、0.5g NH4NO3、0.49g MgSO4·7H2O、6.2mg H3BO3、22.3mgMnSO4·H2O、8.62mg ZnSO4·7H2O、0.83mg KI、0.025mg CuSO4·5H2O、0.026mg CoCl2·6H2O、0.25mg Na2MoO4·2H2O、27.8mg FeSO4·7H2O、37.3mg EDTA-Na2The solvent is water.
(4) Water culture: after 2 true leaves of the seedling grow out, the turf attached to the root system of the seedling is washed clean by ultrapure water, the root system is wrapped by planting sponge (the planting sponge has the specification of diameter of 2.5cm and height of 1cm), the root system is placed into a planting basket (the specification of the planting basket has the specification of outer diameter of 3.5cm, inner diameter of 2.4cm, height of 3.5cm, bottom diameter of 2cm and bottom round hole diameter of 1cm), the planting basket is placed into a small hole of a foam box cover, the seedling is cultivated in a foam box (water culture container) filled with nutrient solution, the root system of the seedling is guaranteed to be soaked in the nutrient solution (the stem base of the seedling cannot contact with the nutrient solution), and the nutrient solution is replaced every 4 days. Oxygen is continuously supplied for 24 hours by adopting an oxygen adding pump, the power of the oxygen adding pump is 2.5w, and the exhaust gas volume is 1.8L/min.
(5) Transplanting: after the seedlings grow in a water culture container for 1 month, the black nightshade seedlings are taken out, the root systems (the specification of the field planting sponge is 3.2cm in diameter and 3cm in height) are wrapped by field planting sponge, the black nightshade seedlings are placed in a field planting basket (the specification of the field planting basket is 4.6cm in outer diameter, 3.2cm in inner diameter, 3.5cm in height, 2.7cm in bottom diameter and 1.2cm in bottom round hole diameter), the field planting basket is placed in a water culture box with 11 holes (the specification of the water culture box is 41cm in length, 26cm in width and 14cm in height), the black nightshade seedlings are continuously cultured in the water culture box filled with nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution is replaced every 4. Oxygen is continuously supplied for 24 hours by adopting an oxygen adding pump, the power of the oxygen adding pump is 2.5w, and the exhaust gas volume is 1.8L/min.
(6) And (3) pest control: spraying 1000 times of omethoate solution every 7 days to prevent and control ladybug, aphid and spider mite.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A water culture method for solanum nigrum is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: soaking solanum nigrum seeds in potassium nitrate solution, washing the solanum nigrum seeds with ultrapure water, sowing the solanum nigrum seeds in a plug tray containing a matrix, laminating the plug tray, placing the plug tray in a plastic greenhouse, and removing a plastic film after seedlings germinate;
(2) water culture: after the seedlings grow true leaves, washing the substrate attached to the seedling root systems with ultrapure water, wrapping the root systems with planting sponge, putting the root systems into a planting basket, putting the planting basket into a small hole of a foam box cover, and cultivating in a foam box filled with nutrient solution to ensure that the seedling root systems are soaked in the nutrient solution, the stem base parts of the seedlings do not contact with the nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution is periodically replaced and oxygen is continuously supplied;
(3) transplanting: after waiting that the seedling grows a period in the foam case, take out the seedling, wrap up the root system with the field planting sponge, put into the field planting basket to put into the field planting basket the downthehole of water planting case lid, continue to cultivate in the water planting case that is equipped with the nutrient solution, regularly change the nutrient solution, and last the oxygen suppliment, carry out the pest control.
2. The solanum nigrum water culture method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the potassium nitrate solution in the step (1) is 10g/L, and the soaking time is 7-24 h.
3. The hydroponic method for the solanum nigrum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the substrate in the step (1) is turf or disinfected sand.
4. The solanum nigrum water culture method according to claim 1, wherein the planting sponge specification of the step (2) is as follows: the diameter is 2.5cm and the height is 1 cm; the planting basket is characterized in that: the outer diameter is 3.5cm, the inner diameter is 2.4cm, the height is 3.5cm, the diameter of the bottom is 2cm, and the diameter of a round hole at the bottom is 1 cm; the specification of the foam box is as follows: the length is 53cm, the width is 41.5cm, the height is 11cm, the wall thickness is 3.2cm, the foam box cover is provided with small holes, the punching distance is 1.5-2.3cm, and the hole diameter is 2.4 cm.
5. The solanum nigrum water culture method according to claim 1, wherein the planting sponge specification of the step (3) is as follows: the diameter is 3.2cm and the height is 3 cm; the planting basket is characterized in that: the outer diameter is 4.6cm, the inner diameter is 3.2cm, the height is 3.5cm, the diameter of the bottom is 2.7cm, and the diameter of a round hole at the bottom is 1.2 cm; the specification of the water culture box is as follows: the length is 41cm, the width is 26cm, and the height is 14 cm.
6. The hydroponic method for solanum nigrum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition of the nutrient solution in the steps (2) and (3) is as follows: 0.35g K per liter2SO4、0.44g CaCl2、0.14g KH2PO4、0.5g NH4NO3、0.49g MgSO4·7H2O、6.2mg H3BO3、22.3mg MnSO4·H2O、8.62mg ZnSO4·7H2O、0.83mg KI、0.025mg CuSO4·5H2O、0.026mg CoCl2·6H2O、0.25mg Na2MoO4·2H2O、27.8mg FeSO4·7H2O、37.3mg EDTA-Na2The solvent is water.
7. The hydroponic method for solanum nigrum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the time for the seedling to grow in the foam box in the step (3) is 1 month.
8. A hydroponic method of solanum nigrum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the regular replacement of the nutrient solution in the steps (2) and (3) is to replace the nutrient solution every 4 days.
9. The solanum nigrum water culture method according to the claim 1, wherein the continuous oxygen supply of the steps (2) and (3) is carried out for 24 hours by using an oxygen pump, the power of the oxygen pump is 2.5w, and the exhaust gas volume is 1.8L/min.
10. The Solanum nigrum hydroponic method according to claim 1, wherein the pest control in the step (3) is specifically: spraying 1000 times of omethoate solution every 7 days to prevent and control ladybug, aphid and spider mite.
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CN115281158A (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-11-04 | 绵阳市农业科学研究院 | Method for efficient large-scale propagation of phytoseiulus persimilis |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN115281158A (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-11-04 | 绵阳市农业科学研究院 | Method for efficient large-scale propagation of phytoseiulus persimilis |
CN115281158B (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2023-09-15 | 绵阳市农业科学研究院 | Method for large-scale propagation of phytoseiid chile |
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