CN108025987A - 组合物、接合体的制造方法 - Google Patents

组合物、接合体的制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108025987A
CN108025987A CN201680051556.0A CN201680051556A CN108025987A CN 108025987 A CN108025987 A CN 108025987A CN 201680051556 A CN201680051556 A CN 201680051556A CN 108025987 A CN108025987 A CN 108025987A
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Prior art keywords
silver powder
stress relaxation
composition
relaxation body
silver
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CN201680051556.0A
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増山弘太郎
山崎和彦
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Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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Publication of CN108025987A publication Critical patent/CN108025987A/zh
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Abstract

本发明选择一种组合物,其包含:银粉,其一次粒子的粒度分布具有粒径20~70nm的范围内的第1峰值和粒径200~500nm的范围内的第2峰值,在150℃有机物分解50质量%以上,在100℃加热时,产生气体状二氧化碳、丙酮的蒸发物及水的蒸发物;应力松弛体,具有比银粉烧结体的杨氏模量低的杨氏模量;及溶剂,银粉与应力松弛体的质量比为99:1~60:40。

Description

组合物、接合体的制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种组合物、接合体的制造方法。
本申请主张基于2015年9月9日于日本申请的专利申请2015-177616号的优先权,并将其内容援用于此。
背景技术
在电子零件的组装或安装等中,接合两个以上的零件时,通常使用接合材料。作为这种接合材料,已知有将银粉等金属粒子分散在溶剂中的膏状接合材料。使用接合材料接合零件时,在一零件表面涂布接合材料,且使另一零件与涂布面接触,在该状态下进行加热而能够接合。
例如,专利文献1中,作为确保剪切强度,并且减少剪切强度的不均的接合材料,公开了一种包含平均一次粒径0.5~3.0μm的亚微米级的金属粒子、平均一次粒径1~200nm的纳米级的金属粒子及分散介质的接合材料。
专利文献1:日本专利公开2011-80147号公报(A)
然而,专利文献1中所公开的接合材料中存在如下问题:使用该接合材料形成的接合层会因随着温度的变化而在接合层内部产生的应力而劣化,且耐久性或可靠性降低。
发明内容
本发明是鉴于上述情况而完成的,其课题在于提供一种能够形成耐冷热循环性优异的接合层的组合物及使用了该组合物的接合体的制造方法。
为了解决上述课题,本发明采用了以下构成。
(1)一种组合物,其特征在于,包含:
银粉,其一次粒子的粒度分布具有粒径20~70nm的范围内的第1峰值和粒径200~500nm的范围内的第2峰值,在150℃有机物分解50质量%以上,在100℃加热时,产生气体状二氧化碳、丙酮的蒸发物及水的蒸发物;
应力松弛体,具有比银粉烧结体的杨氏模量低的杨氏模量;及
溶剂,
所述银粉与所述应力松弛体的质量比为99:1~60:40。
(2)根据所述(1)记载的组合物,其特征在于,
将所述应力松弛体的杨氏模量设为3GPa以下。
(3)根据所述(1)或(2)记载的组合物,其特征在于,
所述应力松弛体的形状为球状。
(4)根据所述(1)至(3)中任一项记载的组合物,其特征在于,
所述应力松弛体的材质为丙烯酸树脂或硅酮树脂。
(5)一种接合体的制造方法,该接合体经由接合层接合第一部件与第二部件而成,其中,使用所述(1)至(4)中任一项记载的组合物来形成所述接合层。
本发明的一方式的组合物(以下,称为“本发明的组合物”)包含:银粉,其一次粒子的粒度分布具有粒径20~70nm的范围内的第1峰值和粒径200~500nm的范围内的第2峰值,在150℃有机物分解50质量%以上,在100℃加热时,产生气体状二氧化碳、丙酮的蒸发物及水的蒸发物;应力松弛体,其杨氏模量比所述银粉烧结体低;及溶剂,上述银粉与上述应力松弛体的质量比为99:1~60:40,因此能够形成耐冷热循环性优异的接合层。
并且,本发明的另一方式的接合体的制造方法(以下,称为“本发明的接合体的制造方法”)中使用上述组合物,因此能够制造耐冷热循环性优异的接合体。
附图说明
图1为用于说明作为应用了本发明的实施方式的组合物的制造方法的图。
图2为用于说明作为应用了本发明的实施方式的组合物的制造方法的图。
图3为应用了本发明的实施方式的接合体的示意剖视图。
具体实施方式
以下,对应用了本发明的一实施方式的组合物及接合体的制造方法进行详细说明。另外,以下说明中使用的附图中,为了便于理解特征,方便起见,有时放大表示成为特征的部分,并不限定为各构成要件的尺寸比例等与实际相同。
<组合物>
首先,对作为应用了本发明的一实施方式的组合物的构成进行说明。本实施方式的组合物大体构成为:包含银粉、杨氏模量比银粉烧结体低的应力松弛体及溶剂。在此,将银粉设为由纯银及以银为主成分的银合金(银的含量为99质量%以上)构成的银粉。
关于本实施方式的组合物,能够通过进行加热处理而形成接合层,且能够接合相邻的两个以上的被接合物。
作为银粉的形状,无特别限定,具体而言,例如可列举球状、棒状、鳞片状等。
关于粒径,用扫描型电子显微镜观察1000个以上的一次粒子,并使用图像处理软件“ImageJ(美国国立卫生研究院研发)”,将SEM图像进行二值化处理,确定粒子与粒子以外的边界之后,关于各粒子,根据像素数计算面积,并通过对其进行正圆换算来求出了各粒子的一次粒径。计算粒径的个数最多的最高两个值,将其中较小的值定义为第1峰值的粒径,将较大的值定义为第2峰值的粒径。
银粉具有规定范围的粒度分布。作为银粉的一次粒子的粒度分布,具体而言,例如在粒径20~70nm、优选为在30~50nm的范围内具有第1峰值,在粒径200~500nm、优选为在300~400nm的范围内具有第2峰值。
第1峰值为20nm以上,由此在加热处理时,能够形成足够维持接合的厚度的接合层。第1峰值为70nm以下,由此能够提高接合层内的银的填充度。
并且,第2峰值为200nm以上,由此在加热处理时,能够形成足够维持接合的厚度的接合层。第2峰值为500nm以下,由此能够提高接合层内的银的填充度。
并且,一次粒子的粒度分布包含于上述范围内,由此在被接合物的表面涂布组合物之后,能够提高组合物内部的银粉的填充度。因此,加热处理时,能够在接合层的内部均匀且充分地对银粉进行烧结。其结果,所形成的接合层内的银的填充度变高,且耐冷热循环性得以提高。
另外,关于粒度分布的测定,例如能够通过市售的扫描型电子显微镜(SEM,例如Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation.制“S-4300SE”等)观察银粉,并测定1000个以上的银粒子的粒径来进行。在此,计算粒径的个数最多的最高两个值,将其中较小的值定义为第1峰值的粒径,将较大的值定义为第2峰值的粒径。
银粉被有机物覆盖。作为覆盖银粉的有机物,具体而言,例如优选在150℃分解50质量%以上的有机物,更优选在150℃分解75质量%以上的有机物。
将覆盖银粉的有机物的分解率规定为在150℃对银粉进行30分钟的处理之后的有机物的分解率。
覆盖银粉的有机物在150℃分解50质量%以上,由此银粉变得易于烧结,且接合层的耐冷热循环性得以提高。
另外,关于覆盖银粉的有机物的分解率的测定,例如能够在大气中在规定温度下将银粉保持规定时间之后,测定加热后的质量相对于加热前的质量的减少量来进行。
关于银粉,通过对其进行加热而产生气体。具体而言,例如,在100℃对粉末状态的银粉进行加热时,产生气体状二氧化碳、丙酮的蒸发物及水的蒸发物等。
上述气体源自吸附在银粉的表面的有机分子,且越是低分子量的有机分子,则通过加热越容易从银粉表面分离、脱离。从而,产生上述气体的银粉变得易于烧结,且接合层的耐冷热循环性得以提高。
另外,关于对银粉进行加热时产生的气体的特定,例如能够使用市售的热解气体色谱质谱仪(热解GC/MS、在导入银粉的部分设置了热解装置的GC/MS,例如FrontierLaboratories Ltd.制“PY-3030”、JEOL Ltd.制“JMS-T100GCV”等)对气体进行分析来进行。
关于银粉烧结体的杨氏模量,根据使用的银粉的合成条件、组合物的加热条件而膜内部的烧结程度不同,因此不能一概而论,具体而言,例如在150℃加热30分钟时的银粉烧结体具有大于15GPa且25GPa以下的杨氏模量。
应力松弛体具有比上述银粉烧结体低的杨氏模量。作为应力松弛体的杨氏模量,具体而言,例如优选为3GPa以下。推测在3GPa以下能够得到良好的应力松弛效果的原因在于,因上述银粉烧结体的热膨胀、收缩而产生应力时,应力松弛体的杨氏模量为3GPa以下这样充分低的值,由此应力松弛体本身能够柔软变形,抑制接合层的破坏。
应力松弛体的杨氏模量比银粉烧结体低,具体而言为3GPa以下,由此使用组合物而形成的接合层能够充分得到因应力松弛体的变形而引起的应力松弛效果。因此,接合层的耐冷热循环性得以提高。
另外,银粉烧结体及应力松弛体的杨氏模量例如能够使用微小压缩试验机(例如,Shimadzu Corporation.制“MCT-2000”等)来进行测定。
应力松弛体具有规定范围的热膨胀系数。作为应力松弛体的热膨胀系数,具体而言,例如优选为7×10-5/K以下。
应力松弛体的热膨胀系数为7×10-5/K以下,由此对由组合物形成的接合层进行加热时,能够防止接合层内部的结构被破坏。因此,接合层的耐冷热循环性得以提高。
另外,应力松弛体的热膨胀系数的测定无特别限定,例如能够按照JIS K7197等来进行。
作为应力松弛体的形状,无特别限定,具体而言,例如可列举球状、板状、棒状、纤维状等。
作为应力松弛体的材质,无特别限定,具体而言,例如可列举丙烯酸树脂、硅酮树脂、耐热橡胶、纤维素等。作为应力松弛体的材质,能够通过使用具有弹性的应力松弛体(主要为有机物)中耐热性较高的应力松弛体来抑制接合层的劣化。
本实施方式的组合物可以包含一种或两种以上的具有上述形状及材质的应力松弛体。
作为溶剂,无特别限定,具体而言,例如可列举醇类溶剂、二醇类溶剂、乙酸酯类溶剂、烃类溶剂、胺类溶剂等。
并且,作为醇类溶剂,无特别限定,具体而言,例如可列举α-松油醇、异丙醇等。
并且,作为二醇类溶剂,无特别限定,具体而言,例如可列举乙二醇、二乙二醇、聚乙二醇等。
并且,作为乙酸酯类溶剂无特别限定,具体而言,例如可列举二乙二醇丁醚乙酸酯等。
并且,作为烃类溶剂无特别限定,具体而言,例如可列举癸烷、十二烷、十四烷等。
并且,作为胺类溶剂无特别限定,具体而言,例如可列举己胺、辛胺、十二烷胺等。
溶剂可以单独使用上述溶剂,也可以混合使用两种以上。
本实施方式的组合物通过将上述银粉、应力松弛体及溶剂进行混合而形成,因此为膏状。因此,能够涂布于被接合物的表面。
作为组合物中所含有的银粉与应力松弛体的质量比,具体而言,例如优选将质量比(银粉:应力松弛体)设为99:1~60:40,更优选设为95:5~70:30。
若组合物中所含有的银粉比例超过上限值,则无法充分得到耐久性提高的效果。并且,若银粉比例小于下限值,则无法充分得到银粉烧结带来的接合强度提高效果。
接着,参考图1、图2对上述组合物的制造方法进行说明。
首先,如图1所示,将银盐水溶液1与羧酸盐水溶液2同时滴加于水3中而制备羧酸银浆料4。
在此,制备羧酸银浆料4时,优选将各液体1~4的温度保持在20~90℃的范围内的规定温度。通过将各液体1~4的温度保持在20℃以上的规定温度,变得容易生成羧酸银,从而能够增大银粉的粒径。并且,通过将各液体1~4的温度保持在90℃以下的规定温度,能够防止银粉变为粗大粒子。
并且,在将银盐水溶液1与羧酸盐水溶液2同时滴加于水3中的期间,优选对水3进行搅拌。
作为银盐水溶液1中的银盐,具体而言,例如优选为选自硝酸银、氯酸银、磷酸银中的一种或两种以上的化合物。
作为羧酸盐水溶液2中的羧酸,优选为选自乙醇酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、马来酸、丙二酸、富马酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸及它们的盐类中的一种或两种以上的化合物。
作为水3,可列举离子交换水、蒸馏水等。从不含有有可能对合成带来不良影响的离子及与蒸馏水相比制造成本较低的方面考虑,尤其优选使用离子交换水。
接着,如图2所示,将还原剂水溶液5滴加于羧酸银浆料4之后,进行规定的热处理而制备银粉浆料。
在此,作为规定的热处理,具体而言,例如可以如下的热处理:在水中,以15℃/小时以下的升温速度升温至20~90℃的范围内的规定温度(最高温度),在该最高温度保持1~5小时之后,花费30分钟以下的时间降温至30℃以下。
上述规定的热处理中,通过将升温速度设为15℃/小时以下,能够防止银粉变为粗大粒子。
并且,上述规定热处理中,通过将最高温度设为20℃以上,羧酸盐变得容易还原,从而能够增大银粉的粒径。并且,通过将最高温度设为90℃以下,能够防止银粉变为粗大粒子。
并且,上述规定的热处理中,通过将在最高温度的保持时间设为1小时以上,羧酸盐变得容易还原,从而能够增大银粉的粒径。并且,通过将保持时间设为5小时以下,能够防止银粉变为粗大粒子。
并且,上述规定的热处理中,通过将降温至30℃的时间设为30分钟以下,能够防止银粉变为粗大粒子。
制备银粉浆料时,优选将各液体4、5的温度保持在20~90℃的范围内的规定温度。通过将各液体4、5的温度保持在20℃以上的规定温度,羧酸盐变得容易还原,从而能够增大银粉的粒径。并且,通过将各液体4、5的温度保持在90℃以下的规定温度,能够防止银粉变为粗大粒子。
作为还原剂水溶液5中的还原剂,优选为选自联氨、抗坏血酸、草酸、甲酸及它们的盐类中的一种或两种以上的化合物。
接着,对银粉浆料进行干燥而得到银粉。在此,优选在对银粉浆料进行干燥之前,对银粉浆料使用离心分离机将银粉浆料中的液层去除,使银粉浆料脱水及脱盐。
作为银粉浆料的干燥方法无特别限定,具体而言,例如可列举冷冻干燥法、减压干燥法、加热干燥法等。冷冻干燥法为将银粉浆料放入密封容器内而进行冷冻,用真空泵对密封容器内进行减压而降低被干燥物的沸点,在低的温度下使被干燥物的水分升华而进行干燥的方法。减压干燥法为进行减压而使被干燥物干燥的方法。加热干燥法为进行加热而使被干燥物干燥的方法。
其次,将所生成的银粉、应力松弛体及溶剂进行混合而制造组合物。作为组合物中所含有的银粉与应力松弛体的质量比,具体而言,例如优选将质量比(银粉:应力松弛体)设为99:1~60:40,更优选设为95:5~70:30。
<接合体>
其次,参考图3对应用了本发明的一实施方式的接合体的结构进行说明。图3中示出本实施方式的接合体11。如图3所示,本实施方式的接合体11大体构成为:具备基板12、第1金属层13、接合层14、第2金属层15与被接合物16。
本实施方式中,作为一例,对使用上述组合物将基板12(第一部件)与被接合物16(第二部件)接合的接合体11进行说明,但作为使用组合物接合的接合体,无特别限定。
作为基板12无特别限定,具体而言,例如可列举铝板及接合有铝板的绝缘基板等。
第1金属层13与基板12相邻并层叠在基板12上。经由第1金属层13使基板12与接合层14接合。作为第1金属层13的材料,具体而言,例如能够使用选自金、银、铜等中的一种或两种以上的金属。
接合层14与第1金属层13及第2金属层15之间相邻并层叠在第1金属层13及第2金属层15之间。
接合层14与第1金属层13接触而形成界面17。并且,接合层14与第2金属层15接触而形成界面18。接合层14通过如下方式形成:将上述组合物涂布于第1金属层13上,以涂布面与第2金属层15对置的方式载置被接合物16,并进行加热处理。
在该接合层14中,分散有杨氏模量比银低的应力松弛体,在接合层14的截面观察中,将应力松弛体的面积比设为5%以上且90%以下的范围内。
作为接合层14的厚度,只要为能够使基板12与被接合物16接合的厚度,则无特别限定。具体而言,例如可以是1~100μm。
第2金属层15与接合层14中的第1金属层13的相反侧相邻并层叠在接合层14上。经由第2金属层15使接合层14与被接合物16接合。
作为第2金属层15的材料,能够使用与第1金属层13中使用的材料相同的材料。
被接合物16与第2金属层15中的接合层14的相反侧相邻并层叠在第2金属层15上。作为被接合物16无特别限定,具体而言,例如可列举硅(Si)、碳化硅(SiC)等。并且,本实施方式的接合体11使用上述组合物,因此作为被接合物16还能够使用抗热性较弱的材料。
本实施方式的接合体11通过接合层14使基板12与被接合物16接合而成。接合层14使用上述组合物而形成,因此接合层14的耐冷热循环性优异。
另外,耐冷热循环性评价例如如下进行。将接合体11投入到冷热循环试验机之后,将装置内温度从25℃降温至-40℃,保持10分钟之后,升温至180℃,保持20分钟之后,降温至25℃。将此作为一次循环,可以以经过3000次循环时的接合率来进行评价。接合率能够通过下述式(1)计算:
(接合率)={(初始接合面积)-(剥离面积)}/(初始接合面积)×100(1)。
在此,初始接合面积为接合前的应接合面积,即已接合的被接合物(硅芯片等)的面积。在超声波探伤图像中,剥离是以接合部内的白色部显示,因此将该白色部面积设为剥离面积。白色部的面积能够通过图像处理软件“ImageJ(美国国立卫生研究院研发)”进行二值化处理,将白色部的像素数换算为面积而求出。
接着,利用图3对上述的接合体11的制造方法进行说明。
首先,在基板12的表面,通过众所周知的方法层叠金属,由此层叠第1金属层13。同样地,在被接合物16的表面,层叠第2金属层15。
作为在基板12及被接合物16表面层叠金属的方法无特别限定,具体而言,例如可列举真空蒸镀法、溅镀法、镀敷法、印刷法等。
接着,在第1金属层13的表面,通过众所周知的方法涂布上述实施方式的组合物。作为在第1金属层13的表面上涂布组合物的方法,无特别限定,具体而言,例如可列举旋转涂布法、金属掩模法、丝网印刷法等。
接着,在第1金属层13的表面涂布的组合物上,以与第2金属层15侧对置的方式载置被接合体16。然后,通过进行加热处理,由组合物形成接合层14,且接合层14与第1金属层13及第2金属层15接合。
作为加热处理时的加热温度,无特别限定,具体而言,例如优选为150℃以上。加热温度为150℃以上,由此能够提高接合层14的剪切强度。
作为加热处理时的加热时间,无特别限定,具体而言,例如优选为30分钟以上。加热时间为30分钟以上,由此能够提高接合层14的剪切强度。
通过以上工序制造接合体11。
如以上说明,根据本实施方式的组合物,包含:银粉,其一次粒子的粒度分布具有粒径20~70nm的范围内的第1峰值和粒径200~500nm的范围内的第2峰值,在150℃有机物分解50质量%以上,在100℃加热时,产生气体状二氧化碳、丙酮的蒸发物及水的蒸发物;应力松弛体,其杨氏模量比所述银粉烧结体低;及溶剂,上述银粉与上述应力松弛体的质量比为99:1~60:40。因此,能够形成耐冷热循环性优异的接合层。
而且,本实施方式中,应力松弛体的杨氏模量为3GPa以下,且热膨胀系数为7×10-5/K以下,因此能够可靠地形成耐冷热循环性优异的接合层。
并且,根据本实施方式的接合体11,分散有杨氏模量低于银的应力松弛体,在接合层14的截面观察中,将应力松弛体的面积比设为5%以上且90%以下的范围内,因此耐冷热循环性优异。
而且,根据本实施方式的接合体的制造方法,使用本实施方式的组合物而形成,因此能够制造耐冷热循环性优异的接合体。
以上,参考附图对该发明的实施方式进行了详细说明,但具体构成并不限定于该实施方式,还包含不脱离该发明的主旨的范围内的设计等。例如,在上述接合体11中,对于具备第1金属层13及第2金属层15的例进行说明,但并不限定于此。例如也可以是不具有第1金属层13和第2金属层15中的任一者或两者的接合体。
实施例
以下,利用实施例及比较例对本发明的效果进行详细说明,但本发明并不限定于下述实施例。
<银粉的合成>
(分类I)
首先,如图1所示,向保持在50℃的1200g离子交换水(水3)中,花费5分钟同时滴加保持在50℃的900g硝酸银水溶液(银盐水溶液1)与保持在50℃的600g柠檬酸铵水溶液(羧酸盐水溶液2),从而制备了柠檬酸银浆料(羧酸银浆料4)。
另外,向离子交换水(水3)中同时滴加硝酸银水溶液(银盐水溶液1)与柠檬酸铵水溶液(羧酸盐水溶液2)的期间,持续搅拌了离子交换水(水3)。并且,硝酸银水溶液(银盐水溶液1)中的硝酸银浓度为66质量%,柠檬酸铵水溶液(羧酸盐水溶液2)中的柠檬酸浓度为56质量%。
然后,如图2所示,向保持在50℃的上述柠檬酸银浆料(羧酸银浆料4)中,花费30分钟滴加保持在50℃的300g甲酸铵水溶液(还原剂水溶液5)而得到混合浆料。该甲酸铵水溶液(还原剂水溶液5)中的甲酸浓度为58质量%。
其次,对上述混合浆料进行了规定的热处理。具体而言,以升温速度10℃/小时将上述混合浆料升温至最高温度70℃,在70℃(最高温度)保持2小时之后,花费60分钟将温度降低至30℃。由此得到了银粉浆料。将上述银粉浆料放入离心分离机中以1000rpm的转速旋转10分钟。由此去除银粉浆料中的液层而得到了已脱水及脱盐的银粉浆料。
通过冷冻干燥法对该已脱水及脱盐的银粉浆料进行30小时的干燥,由此得到了分类I的银粉。
(分类II)
将各液体温度保持在80℃的同时制备混合浆料,以及热处理时的最高温度为80℃,除此以外,以与分类I相同的方式得到了分类II的银粉。
(分类III)
将各液体温度保持在30℃的同时制备混合浆料,以及热处理时的升温速度为0℃/小时,最高温度为30℃,保持时间为5小时,除此以外,以与分类I相同的方式得到了分类III的银粉。
(分类IV)
将各液体温度保持在15℃的同时制备混合浆料,以及热处理时的升温速度为0℃/小时,最高温度为15℃,保持时间为5小时,除此以外,以与分类I相同的方式得到了分类IV的银粉。
(分类V)
热处理时的保持时间为8小时,除此以外,以与分类I相同的方式得到了分类V的银粉。
(分类VI)
作为分类VI的银粉,准备了市售的银粉(MITSUI MINING&SMELTING CO.,LTD.制,“SPQ03S”)。
<银粉的评价>
测定了分类I~VI的银粉的一次粒子的粒度分布、覆盖银粉的有机物在规定温度下的分解率(有机物的分解率)、对粉末状态的银粉进行了加热时的覆盖银粉的有机物所产生的气体种类(加热产生气体种类)。
关于银粉的一次粒子的粒度分布测定,用SEM(Hitachi High-TechnologiesCorporation.制“S-4300SE”)观察银粉,测定1000个银粒子的粒径来进行。在此,计算粒径个数最多的最高两个值,将其中较小的值定义为第1峰值的粒径,将较大的值定义为第2峰值的粒径。
并且,关于上述有机物的分解率,通过将银粉在大气中在150℃保持30分钟之后,测定加热后的质量相对于加热前的质量的减少量而得到。
并且,关于上述加热产生气体种类,使用热分解GC/MS(FRONTIER LABORATORIESLTD.制“PY-3030”,JEOL Ltd.制“JMS-T100GCV”等)分析所产生的气体而进行特定。
将各测定结果示于表1。另外,在表1中,还一并记载了同时滴加硝酸银水溶液及柠檬酸铵水溶液的时间、向柠檬酸银浆料滴加甲酸铵水溶液而得到的银粉浆料的升温速度及最高温度、各液体的保持温度、还原剂水溶液的种类。并且,表1的加热产生气体种类中的CO2为气体状二氧化碳,丙酮、水、乙二醇、乙酸、吡咯为它们的蒸发物。
[表1]
<组合物的制备>
(实施例1)
作为应力松弛体,准备了分类A的应力松弛体(材质:丙烯酸树脂,形状:球状,平均粒径:10μm,杨氏模量:3GPa,热膨胀系数:7×10-5/K)。
以质量比(银粉:应力松弛体:溶剂)成为80:5:15的方式将分类I的银粉、分类A的应力松弛体及作为溶剂的乙二醇放入容器中,用混练机(THINKY CORPORATION.制“AWATORI练太郎”)进行3次以2000rpm的转速旋转5分钟的混练而得到了组合物。另外,银粉与应力松弛体的质量比(银粉:应力松弛体)为94:6。
(实施例2)
使用了分类II的银粉,除此以外,以与实施例1相同的方式得到了组合物。另外,银粉与应力松弛体的质量比(银粉:应力松弛体)为94:6。
(实施例3)
使用了分类III的银粉,除此以外,以与实施例1相同的方式得到了组合物。另外,银粉与应力松弛体的质量比(银粉:应力松弛体)为94:6。
(实施例4)
将质量比(银粉:应力松弛体:溶剂)设为84:1:15,除此以外,以与实施例1相同的方式得到了组合物。另外,银粉与应力松弛体的质量比(银粉:应力松弛体)为99:1。
(实施例5)
将质量比(银粉:应力松弛体:溶剂)设为50:35:15,除此以外,以与实施例1相同的方式得到了组合物。另外,银粉与应力松弛体的质量比(银粉:应力松弛体)为60:40。
(实施例6)
作为应力松弛体,使用了分类B的应力松弛体(材质:硅酮树脂,形状:球状,平均粒径:5μm,杨氏模量:0.04GPa,热膨胀系数:8×10-5/K),除此以外,以与实施例1相同的方式得到了组合物。另外,银粉与应力松弛体的质量比(银粉:应力松弛体)为94:6。
(实施例7)
作为应力松弛体,使用了分类E的应力松弛体(材质:聚酰亚胺,形状:球状,平均粒径:5μm,杨氏模量:4GPa,热膨胀系数:2×10-5/K),除此以外,以与实施例1相同的方式得到了组合物。另外,银粉与应力松弛体的质量比(银粉:应力松弛体)为94:6。
(比较例1)
未使用应力松弛体,以及将质量比(银粉:应力松弛体:溶剂)设为85:0:15,除此以外,以与实施例1相同的方式得到了组合物。
(比较例2)
使用了分类IV的银粉,除此以外,以与实施例1相同的方式得到了组合物。另外,银粉与应力松弛体的质量比(银粉:应力松弛体)为94:6。
(比较例3)
使用了分类V的银粉,除此以外,以与实施例1相同的方式得到了组合物。另外,银粉与应力松弛体的质量比(银粉:应力松弛体)为94:6。
(比较例4)
使用了分类VI的银粉,除此以外,以与实施例1相同的方式得到了组合物。另外,银粉与应力松弛体的质量比(银粉:应力松弛体)为94:6。
(比较例5)
将质量比(银粉:应力松弛体:溶剂)设为84.5:0.5:15,除此以外,以与实施例1相同的方式得到了组合物。另外,银粉与应力松弛体的质量比(银粉:应力松弛体)为99.4:0.6。
(比较例6)
将质量比(银粉:应力松弛体:溶剂)设为45:40:15,除此以外,以与实施例1相同的方式得到了组合物。另外,银粉与应力松弛体的质量比(银粉:应力松弛体)为53:47。
(比较例7)
作为应力松弛体,使用了分类C的应力松弛体(材质:铜,形状:球状,平均粒径:5μm,杨氏模量:128GPa,热膨胀系数:2×10-6/K),除此以外,以与实施例1相同的方式得到了组合物。另外,银粉与应力松弛体的质量比(银粉:应力松弛体)为94:6。
(比较例8)
作为应力松弛体,使用了分类D的应力松弛体(材质:聚乙烯树脂,形状:球状,平均粒径:5μm,杨氏模量:0.2GPa,热膨胀系数:20×10-5/K),除此以外,以与实施例1相同的方式得到了组合物。另外,银粉与应力松弛体的质量比(银粉:应力松弛体)为94:6。
下述表2中,针对各实施例及各比较例中使用的应力松弛体示出杨氏模量、热膨胀系数、形状、材质。
[表2]
<接合体的制作>
使用上述各实施例及各比较例的组合物来制作接合体。
关于接合体的制作,首先准备银板来作为各基板,在银板上使用金属掩模(孔尺寸:长3mm×宽3mm×厚50μm)印刷实施例1的组合物而成形。
接着,在组合物上,载置表面被银覆盖的硅芯片(尺寸:长2.5mm×宽2.5mm×厚200μm),在大气气氛中以150℃的温度保持30分钟而进行了烧成。由此在银板与硅芯片之间形成接合层,从而得到了接合体。
<接合体的评价>
针对使用各实施例及比较例的组合物制作的接合体,测定耐冷热循环性。关于耐冷热循环性,将接合体投入冷热循环试验机之后,将装置内温度从25℃降温至-40℃,保持10分钟后,升温至180℃,保持20分钟后,降温至25℃。将此设为一次循环,以经过3000次循环时的接合率进行了评价。接合率能够通过下述式(2)计算:
(接合率)={(初始接合面积)-(剥离面积)}/(初始接合面积)×100(2)。
在此,初始接合面积为接合前的应接合面积,即已接合的被接合物(硅芯片等)的面积。在超声波探伤图像中,剥离是以接合部内的白色部显示,因此将该白色部的面积设为剥离面积。白色部的面积能够通过图像处理软件“ImageJ(美国国立卫生研究院研发)”进行二值化处理,将白色部的像素数换算为面积而求出。
下述表3中,针对各接合体,示出制作中所使用的组合物的组成及耐冷热循环性的评价结果。另外,表3的评价的判定中,耐冷热循环性为95%以上时判定为“A”,85%以上且小于95%时判定为“B”,70%以上且小于85%时判定为“C”,小于70%时判定为“D”。
[表3]
从表3明确可知,使用了不含应力松弛体的组合物的比较例1的接合体中,在接合层内并未发挥松弛因冷热循环而产生的应力的作用,因此耐冷热循环性差。
并且,在使用了包含分类IV的银粉的组合物的比较例2的接合体中,耐冷热循环性差。其原因为如下:由于使用了如下的银粉:其一次粒子的第1峰值的值小于20nm且第2峰值的值小于200nm,在150℃加热时的有机物的分解率小于50%,在100℃加热时检测出乙二醇,因此除了接合层的填充度低以外,银粉的烧结性也低,从而接合层成为对于因冷热循环产生的应力脆弱的结构。
并且,在使用了包含分类V的银粉的组合物的比较例3的接合体中,耐冷热循环性差。其原因为如下:由于使用了如下的银粉:其一次粒子的第1峰值的值大于70nm且第2峰值的值大于500nm,因此除了接合层的填充度低以外,银粉的烧结性也低,从而接合层成为对于因冷热循环产生的应力脆弱的结构。
并且,在使用了包含分类VI的银粉的组合物的比较例4的接合体中,耐冷热循环性差。其原因为如下:由于使用了如下的银粉:其一次粒子不具有两个峰值,在150℃加热时的有机物的分解率小于50%,在100℃加热时检测出吡咯,因此除了接合层的填充度低以外,银粉的烧结性也低,从而接合层成为对于因冷热循环产生的应力脆弱的结构。
并且,在使用了银粉与应力松弛体的质量比(银粉:应力松弛体)为99.4:0.6的组合物的比较例5的接合体中,由于松弛因冷热循环产生的应力的作用较弱,因此耐冷热循环性差。
并且,在使用了银粉与应力松弛体的质量比(银粉:应力松弛体)为53:47的组合物的比较例6的接合体中,由于不易产生银彼此的烧结,因此接合层成为对于因冷热循环产生的应力脆弱的结构,且耐冷热循环性差。
并且,在使用了包含具有比银粉烧结体的杨氏模量高的杨氏模量的应力松弛体的组合物的比较例7的接合体中,在接合层未充分发挥应力松弛效果,且耐冷热循环性差。
并且,在使用了包含热膨胀系数大于7×10-5/K的应力松弛体的组合物的比较例8的接合体中,加热时的体积增大较大,因此容易破坏接合层内部的结构,且耐冷热循环性差。
相对于此,在使用了如下的组合物的实施例1~6的接合体中,接合层的耐冷热循环性优异。所述组合物包含:银粉,其一次粒子的粒度分布具有粒径20~70nm的范围内的第1峰值和粒径200~500nm的范围内的第2峰值,在150℃有机物分解50质量%以上,在100℃加热时产生气体状二氧化碳、丙酮的蒸发物及水的蒸发物;应力松弛体,杨氏模量为3GPa以下;及溶剂,且银粉与应力松弛体的重量比例为99:1~60:40。
并且,在使用了杨氏模量为4GPa的应力松弛体的实施例7中,与实施例1~6相比,耐冷热循环性虽稍差,但与比较例相比耐冷热循环性优异。
产业上的可利用性
本发明的组合物具有用作例如在基板上接合电子零件等时的接合材料的可能性。
符号说明
1-银盐水溶液,2-羧酸盐水溶液,3-水,4-羧酸银浆料,5-还原剂水溶液,11-接合体,12-基板,13-第1金属层,14-接合层,15-第2金属层,16-被接合物,17、18-界面。

Claims (5)

1.一种组合物,其特征在于,包含:
银粉,其一次粒子的粒度分布具有粒径20~70nm的范围内的第1峰值和粒径200~500nm的范围内的第2峰值,在150℃有机物分解50质量%以上,在100℃加热时,产生气体状二氧化碳、丙酮的蒸发物及水的蒸发物;
应力松弛体,具有比银粉烧结体的杨氏模量低的杨氏模量;及
溶剂,
所述银粉与所述应力松弛体的质量比为99:1~60:40。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,
将所述应力松弛体的杨氏模量设为3GPa以下。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其特征在于,
所述应力松弛体的形状为球状。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,
所述应力松弛体的材质为丙烯酸树脂或硅酮树脂。
5.一种接合体的制造方法,该接合体经由接合层接合第一部件与第二部件而成,其中,使用权利要求1至4中任一项所述的组合物来形成所述接合层。
CN201680051556.0A 2015-09-09 2016-08-15 组合物、接合体的制造方法 Pending CN108025987A (zh)

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