CN107955468B - 一种聚丙烯腈涂覆的锂离子电池隔膜 - Google Patents

一种聚丙烯腈涂覆的锂离子电池隔膜 Download PDF

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CN107955468B
CN107955468B CN201711133380.6A CN201711133380A CN107955468B CN 107955468 B CN107955468 B CN 107955468B CN 201711133380 A CN201711133380 A CN 201711133380A CN 107955468 B CN107955468 B CN 107955468B
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程跃
王连杰
陈永乐
王治学
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Shanghai Energy New Materials Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及锂电池制备领域，特别是涉及一种聚丙烯腈涂覆的锂离子电池隔膜。本发明提供一种用于制备锂离子电池隔膜聚合物涂层的浆料，按重量份计，包括如下组分：聚丙烯腈1‑3份；溶剂25‑40份；填充物1‑5份；胶类溶液50‑70份。本申请所公开的用于制备锂离子电池隔膜聚合物涂层的浆料及其制备获得的聚丙烯腈涂覆的锂离子电池隔膜的粘结性能获得有效改善，且其他各性能参数亦达到锂电池制备产业的相关要求，具有良好的产业化前景。

Description

一种聚丙烯腈涂覆的锂离子电池隔膜
技术领域
本发明涉及锂电池制备领域，特别是涉及一种聚丙烯腈涂覆的锂离子电池隔膜。
背景技术
目前，在商业化使用的锂离子电池隔膜一般为聚乙烯或者聚丙烯隔膜，这样的隔膜有较好的抗酸碱性，较高的拉伸强度，较高孔隙率等性能。但在电池的制作过程中，由于电池的材料较软，单层的电池正极或者负极都无法满足电池的硬度，如果能够使电池的正负极粘结在一起的话，电池硬度会大大的提高，做出来的电池则更加满足现有的要求。因此，本领域研究人员的目光越来越多地聚焦到了电池正负极中间的电池隔膜上。由于现有的基膜的本身是不带有任何的粘结性能的，所以越来越多的电池企业将目光投向于涂布膜上面。如果可以提供一种具有粘性的隔膜，就可以解决现有的很多问题。
然而，在现有的技术中，基膜上的涂层性能依旧无法满足电池的需求，所以需要性能更佳的隔膜涂层来满足电池制备的要求。
发明内容
鉴于以上所述现有技术的缺点，本发明的目的在于提供一种聚丙烯腈涂覆的锂离子电池隔膜，用于解决现有技术中的问题。
为实现上述目的及其他相关目的，本发明提供一种用于制备锂离子电池隔膜聚合物涂层的浆料，按重量份计，包括如下组分：
Figure BDA0001469937880000011
在本申请一些实施方式中，所述聚丙烯腈的玻璃化温度约为85-95℃。本申请所提供的浆料中，可以使用聚丙烯腈溶液以提供配方中的聚丙烯腈，所述聚丙烯腈溶液的固含量可以为15-40wt％(固含量通常即对应聚丙烯腈溶液中聚丙烯腈的含量)，所述聚丙烯腈溶液的溶剂通常为DMAC，当所述浆料中，当聚丙烯腈组分以聚丙烯腈溶液形式加入时，以溶液中的聚丙烯腈实际的含量作为浆料组合物中聚丙烯腈重量份的计算依据。
在本申请一些实施方式中，所述溶剂选自N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)、丙酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)中的一种或多种的组合。
在本申请一些实施方式中，所述填充物选自氧化铝、勃姆石(γ-AlOOH，水合氧化铝)中的一种或多种的组合，所述氧化铝和勃姆石均可以为粉末状，所述氧化铝粉末和勃姆石粉末可以为各种市售的产品，通常来说，粉末的粒径可以为5-10纳米。
在本申请一些实施方式中，所述胶类溶液为聚偏氟乙烯类溶液，所述聚偏氟乙烯类溶液优选为聚偏氟乙烯溶液，所述聚偏氟乙烯溶液中，聚偏氟乙烯的分子量为10-100万。所述胶类溶液中，固含量通常为5-20wt％(固含量通常即对应胶类溶液中聚偏氟乙烯类物质的含量)，所述胶类溶液的溶剂选自NMP、DMAC、丙酮、DMF、DMSO中的一种或多种的组合。
本申请第二方面提供所述用于制备锂离子电池隔膜聚合物涂层的浆料的制备方法，所述制备方法包括：按配方将各组分混合，即得所述浆料。
在本申请一些实施方式中，所述制备方法包括：将填充物与溶剂均匀混合，再将胶类溶液、聚丙烯腈均匀分散于溶液中，即得所述浆料。
本申请第三方面提供一种锂离子电池隔膜聚合物涂层，由所述用于制备锂离子电池隔膜聚合物涂层的浆料制备获得，包括：将浆料涂布、过水、烘干即得所述涂层。所述过水的步骤是将涂布膜涂好之后进过水箱，让水箱中的水将浆料中的溶剂萃取出来，然后浆料就会固化在基膜上形成涂层的方法。
在本申请一些实施方式中，将涂料涂布于基膜的一侧或者两侧。
在本申请一些实施方式中，所述基膜为PE基膜，所述PE基膜可以为本领域各种适用于制备锂离子电池隔膜的基膜，例如，通常为线性低密度聚乙烯基膜。
在本申请一些实施方式中，所述烘干温度为50-60℃。
本申请第四方面提供一种锂离子电池隔膜，包括基膜，所述基膜上设有所述锂离子电池隔膜聚合物涂层。
在本申请一些实施方式中，所述基膜的一面或者两侧设有所述锂离子电池隔膜聚合物涂层。
在本申请一些实施方式中，所述基膜为PE基膜。
在本申请一些实施方式中，所述基膜的厚度为5-25um，所述聚合物涂层的厚度为1-4um。
本申请所公开的用于制备锂离子电池隔膜聚合物涂层的浆料及其制备获得的聚丙烯腈涂覆的锂离子电池隔膜的粘结性能获得有效改善，且其他各性能参数亦达到锂电池制备产业的相关要求，具有良好的产业化前景。
具体实施方式
以下通过特定的具体实例说明本发明的实施方式，本领域技术人员可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点与功效。本发明还可以通过另外不同的具体实施方式加以实施或应用，本说明书中的各项细节也可以基于不同观点与应用，在没有背离本发明的精神下进行各种修饰或改变。
须知，下列实施例中未具体注明的工艺设备或装置均采用本领域内的常规设备或装置。
此外应理解，本发明中提到的一个或多个方法步骤并不排斥在所述组合步骤前后还可以存在其他方法步骤或在这些明确提到的步骤之间还可以插入其他方法步骤，除非另有说明；还应理解，本发明中提到的一个或多个设备/装置之间的组合连接关系并不排斥在所述组合设备/装置前后还可以存在其他设备/装置或在这些明确提到的两个设备/装置之间还可以插入其他设备/装置，除非另有说明。而且，除非另有说明，各方法步骤的编号仅为鉴别各方法步骤的便利工具，而非为限制各方法步骤的排列次序或限定本发明可实施的范围，其相对关系的改变或调整，在无实质变更技术内容的情况下，当亦视为本发明可实施的范畴。
实施例1
a)称取0.2Kg的氧化铝粉末加入到6Kg的DMAC溶剂中中搅拌至完全分散均匀为溶液A，取1.2Kg分子量在70-90万的聚偏氟乙烯加到12Kg的DMAC溶剂中，配成胶类溶液B，取固含量为30％的聚丙烯腈溶液0.8Kg，再将溶液A和B进行充分的搅拌，搅拌均匀之后，缓慢加入聚丙烯腈溶液，这样聚丙烯腈浆料便制备完成；
b)取12μm厚度的PE基膜(线性低密度聚乙烯基膜，下同)，采用凹版辊涂布方式(采用凹版辊方式进行涂布的具体方法为：将浆料通过泵打到刮刀上，然后凹版辊进行转动，将料带到凹版辊上，再与基膜进行接触，即可将浆料涂到基膜上)，将聚丙烯腈浆料涂覆在基膜的单侧，涂布速度为15m/min，过水之后采用三级烘箱进行烘干，各级烘箱温度分别为50℃，60℃，55℃，,50℃，干燥之后即可得到聚丙烯腈涂覆的锂离子电池隔膜，所述的所述涂覆的锂离子电池隔膜的厚度为12μm，涂层厚度为3μm。
实施例2
a)称取0.25Kg的勃姆石粉末加入到6.5Kg的DMAC溶剂中中搅拌至完全分散均匀为溶液A，取1.2Kg分子量在70-90万的聚偏氟乙烯加到15Kg的DMAC溶剂中，配成胶类溶液B，取固含量为25％的聚丙烯腈溶液1.8Kg，再将溶液A和B进行充分的搅拌，搅拌均匀之后，缓慢加入聚丙烯腈溶液，这样聚丙烯腈浆料便制备完成；
b)取12μm厚度的PE基膜，采用凹版辊涂布方式将聚丙烯腈浆料涂覆在基膜的单侧，涂布速度为15m/min,过水之后采用三级烘箱进行烘干，各级烘箱温度分别为50℃，60℃，55℃，,50℃，干燥之后即可得到聚丙烯腈涂覆的锂离子电池隔膜。
实施例3
a)称取0.32Kg的氧化铝粉末加入到7.5Kg的NMP溶剂中中搅拌至完全分散均匀为溶液A，取1.2Kg分子量在70-90万的聚偏氟乙烯加到15Kg的NMP溶剂中，配成胶类溶液B，取固含量为30％的聚丙烯腈溶液2.4Kg，再将溶液A和B进行充分的搅拌，搅拌均匀之后，缓慢加入聚丙烯腈溶液，这样聚丙烯腈浆料便制备完成；
b)取12μm厚度的PE基膜，采用凹版辊涂布方式将聚丙烯腈浆料涂覆在基膜的单侧，涂布速度为15m/min,过水之后采用三级烘箱进行烘干，各级烘箱温度分别为50℃，60℃，55℃，,50℃，干燥之后即可得到聚丙烯腈涂覆的锂离子电池隔膜。
对比例
a)称取0.2Kg的氧化铝粉末加入到6Kg的DMAC溶剂中中搅拌至完全分散均匀为溶液A，取1.2Kg分子量在70-90万的聚偏氟乙烯加到12Kg的DMAC溶剂中，配成溶液B，再将溶液A和B进行充分的搅拌，搅拌均匀之后，这样浆料便制备完成；
b)取12μm厚度的PE基膜，采用凹版辊涂布方式将浆料涂覆在基膜的单侧，涂布速度为15m/min,过水之后采用三级烘箱进行烘干，各级烘箱温度分别为50℃，60℃，55℃，,50℃，干燥之后即可得到锂离子电池涂布膜，所述的所述涂覆的锂离子电池隔膜的厚度为12μm，涂层厚度为3μm。
对以上本发明的实施例和对比例涂覆的锂离子电池隔离膜性能进行测试，数据见下表1：
表1
Figure BDA0001469937880000041
各指标的测量方法为：透气是用王研式透气仪进行测量，粘结强度是用将涂布膜的两面进行折叠，然后进行100℃的热压(通过模塑机)，将热压后的涂布膜水平放置并上下拉伸，测两面的粘结力(以能够彻底将两面涂布膜分开为基准)。
从表1中的数据可以看出，本发明的实施例在透气性比对比例稍大一些，但也在日常生产的正常范围，但在粘结强度方面，远远地改善了以前只使用聚偏氟乙烯的涂布膜性能，使其更加符合我们日常的生产应用。
综上所述，本发明有效克服了现有技术中的种种缺点而具高度产业利用价值。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效，而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下，对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此，举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变，仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于制备锂离子电池隔膜聚合物涂层的浆料，按重量份计，由如下组分组成：
聚丙烯腈1-3份；
溶剂25-40份；
填充物1-5份；
胶类溶液50-70份；
所述溶剂选自N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基乙酰胺、丙酮、N，N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜中的一种或多种的组合；
所述填充物选自氧化铝、勃姆石中的一种或多种的组合；粒径为5-10纳米；
所述胶类溶液为聚偏氟乙烯溶液；聚偏氟乙烯的分子量为10-100万，所述胶类溶液中，固含量为5-20wt％，所述胶类溶液的溶剂选自NMP、DMAC、丙酮、DMF、DMSO中的一种或多种的组合；
所述用于制备锂离子电池隔膜聚合物涂层的制备方法包括：将浆料涂布、过水、烘干即得所述涂层。
2.如权利要求1所述的浆料的制备方法，包括：按配方将各组分混合，即得所述浆料。
3.一种锂离子电池隔膜聚合物涂层，由权利要求1-2任一权利要求所述的浆料制备获得。
4.如权利要求3所述的涂层的制备方法，包括：将浆料涂布、过水、烘干即得所述涂层。
5.如权利要求4所述的制备方法，其特征在于，将浆 料涂布于基膜的一侧或者两侧，所述基膜为PE基膜，所述烘干温度为50-60℃。
6.一种锂离子电池隔膜，包括基膜，所述基膜上设有如权利要求5所述的锂离子电池隔膜聚合物涂层。
7.如权利要求6所述的锂离子电池隔膜，其特征在于，所述基膜的一面或者两侧设有所述锂离子电池隔膜聚合物涂层，所述基膜为PE基膜，所述基膜的厚度为5-25μm，所述聚合物涂层的厚度为1-4μm。
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