CN107848959A - 卤素‑取代的苯氧基苯基脒及其作为杀真菌剂的用途 - Google Patents
卤素‑取代的苯氧基苯基脒及其作为杀真菌剂的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107848959A CN107848959A CN201680043925.1A CN201680043925A CN107848959A CN 107848959 A CN107848959 A CN 107848959A CN 201680043925 A CN201680043925 A CN 201680043925A CN 107848959 A CN107848959 A CN 107848959A
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- methyl
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- ethyl
- phenoxyphenylamidineand
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/52—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing groups, e.g. carboxylic acid amidines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C205/00—Compounds containing nitro groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C205/27—Compounds containing nitro groups bound to a carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by etherified hydroxy groups
- C07C205/35—Compounds containing nitro groups bound to a carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by etherified hydroxy groups having nitro groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C205/36—Compounds containing nitro groups bound to a carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by etherified hydroxy groups having nitro groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring or to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings being part of the same condensed ring system
- C07C205/38—Compounds containing nitro groups bound to a carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by etherified hydroxy groups having nitro groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring or to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings being part of the same condensed ring system the oxygen atom of at least one of the etherified hydroxy groups being further bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring, e.g. nitrodiphenyl ethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C217/00—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/78—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/80—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C217/82—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C217/90—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring the oxygen atom of at least one of the etherified hydroxy groups being further bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring, e.g. amino-diphenylethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C257/00—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, the doubly-bound oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a doubly-bound nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom not being further bound to an oxygen atom, e.g. imino-ethers, amidines
- C07C257/10—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, the doubly-bound oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a doubly-bound nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom not being further bound to an oxygen atom, e.g. imino-ethers, amidines with replacement of the other oxygen atom of the carboxyl group by nitrogen atoms, e.g. amidines
- C07C257/12—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, the doubly-bound oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a doubly-bound nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom not being further bound to an oxygen atom, e.g. imino-ethers, amidines with replacement of the other oxygen atom of the carboxyl group by nitrogen atoms, e.g. amidines having carbon atoms of amidino groups bound to hydrogen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C257/00—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, the doubly-bound oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a doubly-bound nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom not being further bound to an oxygen atom, e.g. imino-ethers, amidines
- C07C257/10—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, the doubly-bound oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a doubly-bound nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom not being further bound to an oxygen atom, e.g. imino-ethers, amidines with replacement of the other oxygen atom of the carboxyl group by nitrogen atoms, e.g. amidines
- C07C257/18—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, the doubly-bound oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a doubly-bound nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom not being further bound to an oxygen atom, e.g. imino-ethers, amidines with replacement of the other oxygen atom of the carboxyl group by nitrogen atoms, e.g. amidines having carbon atoms of amidino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及通式(I)的卤素‑取代的苯氧基苯基脒,涉及它们的制备方法,涉及根据本发明的脒用于控制不希望的微生物的用途,并且也涉及用于该目的的农业化学制剂,其包含根据本发明的卤素‑取代的苯氧基苯基脒。此外,本发明涉及一种通过将根据本发明的化合物施用于所述微生物和/或它们的生境来控制不希望的微生物的方法。
Description
本发明涉及通式(I)的卤素-取代的苯氧基苯基脒,涉及它们的制备方法,涉及根据本发明的脒用于控制不希望的微生物的用途,并且也涉及用于该目的的组合物,其包含根据本发明的卤素-取代的苯氧基苯基脒。此外,本发明也涉及一种用于控制不希望的微生物的方法,其特征在于,将式(I)的化合物应用于所述微生物和/或它们的生境中。
WO2000/046184公开了脒(包括N-甲基-N-甲基-N’-[(4-苯氧基)-2,5-二甲苯基]-甲脒)作为杀真菌剂的用途。
WO2003/093224、WO2007/031512、WO2007/031513、WO2007/031523、WO2007/031524、WO2007/031526、WO2007/031527、WO2007/061966、WO2008/101682、WO2008/110279、WO2008/110280、WO2008/110281、WO2008/110312、WO2008/110313、WO2008/110314、WO2008/110315、WO2008/128639、WO2009/156098、WO2009/156074、WO2010/086118、WO2012/025450、WO2012/090969和WO2014/157596公开芳基脒衍生物作为杀真菌剂的用途。
WO2007/031508和WO2007/093227公开了芳基脒衍生物作为杀真菌剂和杀昆虫剂的用途。
WO2003/024219公开了杀真菌剂组合物,其包含与另一种选择的已知活性化合物组合的至少一种N2-苯基脒衍生物。
WO2004/037239公开了基于N2-苯基脒衍生物的抗真菌(antifungicidal)药物。
WO2005/089547、WO2005/120234、WO2012/146125、WO2013/136275和WO2014/037314公开了包含至少一种芳基脒衍生物和另一种选择的已知杀真菌剂的杀真菌剂混合物。
WO2007/031507公开了包含至少一种芳基脒衍生物和两种其它选择的已知杀真菌剂的杀真菌剂混合物。
从WO2008/110278已知,多种苯基脒衍生物表现出杀真菌性能。进一步提及,在WO2008/110278中公开的根据式(I)的化合物具有突出的除草性能。除草剂是用于控制或消除不希望的植物(杂草)的物质,即它们通常具有植物破坏性能,该性能在农业中被用于消除作物生产田地里的杂草。人们可以在选择性的除草剂和非选择性的除草剂之间做出区分。第一类包括能够在使期望的作物相对不受伤害的同时消除特定目标杂草的化合物。相反,一旦应用它们,第二类化合物就会杀死所有活的植物材料。WO2008/110278指示,根据WO2008/110278的式(I)的化合物具有对杂草的选择性除草活性,但是使作物(诸如小麦、大麦、黑麦、玉米、糖用甜菜、棉花和大豆)相对不受伤害。但是,在WO2008/110278中公开的生物学实施例却指示,根据WO2008/110278的式(I)的某些化合物在某种程度上(通过经处理的植物的损伤的可见度,评估至少80%除草活性)具有对某些杂草的除草性能,而没有指示哪些作物植物(诸如上面提及的那些)被用于证实使经处理的作物不受伤害的除草选择性。此外,没有指示试验的(但没有具体指定)作物的损伤率。另外,已知的是,某种作物的不同品种会表现出对某种除草活性化合物的不同敏感性水平。特别考虑到该事实,WO2008/110278的以下陈述是非常笼统的:在用根据WO2008/110278的式(I)的化合物处理以后,上述农作物没有或仅仅轻微受到损伤。
结论是,在WO2008/110278中公开的化合物的除草选择性是有问题的。因此,由来自WO2008/110278的化合物造成的对作物的潜在损伤是不可预见的。
在现有技术中被描述为杀真菌剂的脒的有效性是良好的,但是在许多情况下有待提高。
因此,本发明的一个目的是,提供具有改善的杀真菌有效性的脒和改善与植物的相容性。
当开发新的和改进的作为杀真菌剂的苯基脒时要考虑的另一个问题是,这样的化合物相对于已知脒的改善的化学稳定性,例如增加的对水解和/或光解的稳定性。
通常,水解是指与水反应。它是这样的化学过程:其中通过水的添加来切断分子中的一个或多个化学键。有时,该添加会造成该分子分裂成两个部分。所以,分子的水解会导致该分子的体系结构的显著变化,从而导致所述分子与酶或其它蛋白的不同相互作用潜力。结果,水解过程经常对物质的生物活性(包括它的杀真菌活性)具有显著影响,通常分别导致生物活性和杀真菌活性的丧失。
在现有技术中描述的脒对水解的化学稳定性是好的,但是改善的稳定性在大规模制备和配制过程中可能是一个优点。
因此,本发明的另一个目的是提供具有改善的对水解的化学稳定性的脒。
光解(其也被称作光降解、光解离或光分解)是这样的化学过程:其中通过光(即光子)的吸收使化学分子分解成更小的单元。所以,分子的光解会导致该分子的体系结构的显著变化,从而导致该分子与酶或其它蛋白的不同相互作用潜力。结果,光解过程经常对物质的生物活性(包括它的杀真菌活性)具有显著影响,通常分别导致生物活性和杀真菌活性的丧失。从Tsao和Eto已知,光降解是农药(包括杀真菌剂)的一个重要的非生物(abiotic)消失途径(参见Tsao和Eto, Agric. Biol. Chem., 55 (3), 763-768, 1991)。
在现有技术中描述的脒对光解的稳定性是好的,但是改善的稳定性可能是一个优点,因为当通过叶面施用应用于植物时它可以提供更长的持久效力。
因此,本发明的另一个目的是提供具有改善的对光解的稳定性的脒。
令人惊奇地,这些目的已经通过式(I)的卤素-取代的苯氧基苯基脒实现
其中
R1选自卤素和卤代甲基;
R2是甲基;
R3是卤素。
上面具体指定的基团定义可以根据需要彼此组合。
根据上面定义的取代基的类型,式(I)的化合物具有碱性性质且可以与无机或有机酸或与金属离子形成盐,也可能形成内盐或加合物。式(I)的化合物携带诱导碱性性质的脒基团。因而,这些化合物可以与酸反应以产生盐,或它们通过合成作为盐直接得到。
可以此方式得到的盐同样具有杀真菌性能。
无机酸的例子是氢卤酸,诸如氟化氢、氯化氢、溴化氢和碘化氢,硫酸,磷酸和硝酸,和酸性盐,诸如NaHSO4和KHSO4。随着有机酸出现,例如,甲酸、碳酸和链烷酸诸如乙酸、三氟乙酸、三氯乙酸和丙酸、以及羟乙酸、硫氰酸、乳酸、琥珀酸、柠檬酸、苯甲酸、肉桂酸、草酸、饱和的或单或二不饱和的C6-C20脂肪酸、烷基磺酸(具有含1-20个碳原子的直链或支链烷基基团的磺酸)、芳基磺酸或芳基二磺酸(芳族基团,诸如苯基和萘基,其带有1或2个磺酸基)、烷基膦酸(具有含1-20个碳原子的直链或支链烷基基团的膦酸)、芳基膦酸或芳基二膦酸(芳族基团,诸如苯基和萘基,其带有1或2个膦酸基团),其中烷基和芳基基团可以带有其它取代基,例如对甲苯磺酸、水杨酸、对氨基水杨酸、2-苯氧基苯甲酸、2-乙酰氧基苯甲酸等。
有用的金属离子特别地是第二主族(特别是钙和镁)、第三和第四主族(特别是铝和锡)、以及第一至第八过渡族(特别是锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌和其它)的元素的离子。特别优选的是第四周期的元素的金属离子。所述金属可以以它们可呈现的不同化合价存在。
任选地被取代的基团可以是单取代的或多取代的,其中所述取代基在多取代的情况下可以是相同的或不同的。
本发明此外提供了一种用于制备根据本发明的苯氧基苯基脒的方法,所述方法包括下述步骤(a)至(j)中的至少一个:
(a)根据以下反应方案使式(III)的硝基苯衍生物与式(II)的苯酚衍生物反应:
(b)根据以下反应方案使式(V)的硝基苯酚衍生物与式(IV)的苯基衍生物反应:
(c)根据以下反应方案使式(VII)的苯胺与苯酚(II)反应:
(d)根据以下反应方案使式(XII)的氨基苯酚与式(IV)的苯基衍生物反应:
(e)根据以下反应方案将式(VI)的硝基苯基醚还原成式(VIII)的氨基苯基醚:
(f)根据以下反应方案使式(VIII)的氨基苯基醚与以下物质反应:
(i) 式(XIII)的氨基缩醛或者
(ii) 式(XIV)的N-乙基-N-甲基甲酰胺或者
(iii) 在有式(XVI)的原酸酯存在下式(XV)的N-甲基乙胺;
(g)根据以下反应方案使式(XII)的氨基苯酚与以下物质反应:
(i) 式(XIII)的氨基缩醛或者
(ii) 式(XIV)的N-乙基-N-甲基甲酰胺或者
(iii) 在有式(XVI)的原酸酯存在下式(XV)的N-甲基乙胺;
(h)根据以下反应方案使式(VII)的苯胺与以下物质反应:
(i) 式(XIII)的氨基缩醛或者
(ii) 式(XIV)的N-乙基-N-甲基甲酰胺或者
(iii) 在有式(XVI)的原酸酯存在下式(XV)的N-甲基乙胺;
(i)根据以下反应方案使式(XI)的脒与式(II)的苯酚衍生物反应:
(j)根据以下反应方案使式(X)的脒与式(IV)的苯基衍生物反应:
其中在以上方案中
Z是离去基团;
R1至R3具有以上含义;
R6和R7彼此独立地选自C1-12-烷基、C2-12-烯基、C2-12-炔基或C5-18-芳基或C7-19-芳基烷基,且与它们所连接的原子一起可以形成5、6或7元环;
R8至R10彼此独立地选自C1-12-烷基、C2-12-烯基、C2-12-炔基或C5-18-芳基或C7-19-芳基烷基、C7-19-烷基芳基基团,且在每种情况下R8与R9、R9与R10或R8与R10与它们所连接的原子一起且如果合适的话与其它碳、氮、氧或硫原子一起可以形成5、6或7元环。
本发明的第三个主题是根据本发明的卤素-取代的苯氧基苯基脒或包含这些的农业化学制剂用于控制不希望的微生物的用途。如权利要求8中要求保护的农业化学制剂用于控制不希望的微生物的用途。
本发明的第四个主题是用于控制不希望的微生物的农业化学制剂,其包含至少一种根据本发明的卤素-取代的苯氧基苯基脒。
本发明的另一个主题涉及一种用于控制不希望的微生物的方法,其特征在于,将根据本发明的卤素-取代的苯氧基苯基脒或包含这些的农业化学制剂应用于所述微生物和/或它们的生境。
此外,本发明还涉及已经用至少一种式(I)的化合物处理过的种子。
本发明最后提供了一种通过使用用至少一种式(I)的化合物处理过的种子保护种子免于受不希望的微生物侵害的方法。
一般定义
关于本发明,除非另有定义,否则术语卤素(X)包含选自氟、氯、溴和碘的那些元素,其中优选地使用氟、氯和溴,且特别优选地使用氟和氯。
任选地被取代的基团可以是单取代的或多取代的,其中在多取代的情况下所述取代基可以是相同的或不同的。
在上式给出的符号的定义中,使用集合名词,其通常代表性地表示下述取代基:
卤素:氟、氯、溴和碘,且优选氟、氯、溴,且更优选氟、氯。
卤代甲基:甲基,其中这些基团中的一些或所有氢原子可以被如上文具体指定的卤素原子替代,例如(但不限于)氯甲基、溴甲基、二氯甲基、三氯甲基、氟甲基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、氯氟甲基、二氯氟甲基、氯二氟甲基。
不包括与自然法则矛盾且本领域技术人员基于他的专门知识因而已经排除的组合。
取决于取代基的性质,式(I)的化合物可以呈几何和/或光学活性异构体或不同组成的相应异构体混合物的形式。这些立体异构体是,例如,非对映异构体、阻转异构体或几何异构体。因此,本发明包括纯立体异构体和这些异构体的任何混合物。
根据本发明的卤素-取代的苯氧基苯基脒是式(I)的化合物或它们的盐、N-氧化物、金属络合物和它们的立体异构体
。
在式(I)中,所述基团具有下面定义的含义。给出的定义也适用于所有中间体:
R1选自卤素和卤代甲基;
R2是甲基;
R3是卤素。
在式(I)中,所述基团具有下面定义的优选含义。给出的优选定义同样适用于所有中间体:
R1优选地选自氟、氯、溴、二氯甲基、三氯甲基、氟甲基、二氟甲基和三氟甲基;
R2优选地是甲基;
R3优选地选自溴、氯和氟。
在式(I)中,所述基团具有下面定义的特别优选的含义。给出的特别优选的定义同样适用于所有中间体:
R1特别优选地选自氯、溴、二氟甲基和三氟甲基;
R2特别优选地是甲基;
R3特别优选地是氟和氯。
关于本发明优选的苯氧基苯基脒选自:(I-01) N'-[2-氯-4-(2-氟苯氧基)-5-甲基苯基]-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺, (I-02) N'-[2-(二氟甲基)-4-(2-氟苯氧基)-5-甲基苯基]-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺, (I-03) N'-[2-溴-4-(2-氟苯氧基)-5-甲基苯基]-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺, (I-04) N'-[2-溴-4-(2-氯苯氧基)-5-甲基苯基]-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺, (I-05) N'-[2-氯-4-(2-氯苯氧基)-5-甲基苯基]-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺, (I-06) N'-[2-氯-4-(2-碘苯氧基)-5-甲基苯基]-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺, (I-07) N'-[2-溴-4-(2-溴苯氧基)-5-甲基苯基]-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺。
式(I)的化合物携带诱导碱性性质的脒基团。因而,这些化合物可以与酸反应以产生盐。
无机酸的例子是氢卤酸,诸如氟化氢、氯化氢、溴化氢和碘化氢,硫酸,磷酸和硝酸,和酸性盐,诸如NaHSO4和KHSO4。
合适的有机酸是,例如,甲酸、碳酸和链烷酸诸如乙酸、三氟乙酸、三氯乙酸和丙酸、以及羟乙酸、硫氰酸、乳酸、琥珀酸、柠檬酸、苯甲酸、肉桂酸、草酸、烷基磺酸(具有含1-20个碳原子的直链或支链烷基的磺酸)、芳基磺酸或芳基二磺酸(芳族基团,诸如苯基和萘基,其带有1或2个磺酸基)、烷基膦酸(具有含1-20个碳原子的直链或支链烷基的膦酸)、芳基膦酸或芳基二膦酸(芳族基团,诸如苯基和萘基,其带有1或2个膦酸基团),其中烷基和芳基基团可以带有其它取代基,例如对甲苯磺酸、水杨酸、对氨基水杨酸、2-苯氧基苯甲酸、2-乙酰氧基苯甲酸等。
可以此方式得到的盐也具有杀真菌性能。
根据本发明的脒的制备
通过在下面方案(I)中所示的方法,可以得到根据本发明的脒:
步骤(a)
在根据本发明的一个实施方案中,根据以下反应方案使式(III)的硝基苯衍生物与式(II)的衍生物或从其形成的苯酚盐反应以得到式(VI)的硝基芳族化合物:
合适的离去基团(Z)是在主流反应条件下具有足够离核性的所有取代基。要提及的合适的离去基团的例子是卤素、三氟甲基磺酸酯、甲磺酸酯、甲苯磺酸酯或SO2Me。
新颖的化合物是式(VI)的那些,其中符号R1和R2具有上面具体说明的一般的、优选的、或特别优选的定义,且R3选自氟和氯。
新颖的化合物也是式(VI)的那些,其中符号R2和R3具有上面具体说明的一般的、优选的、或特别优选的定义,且R1选自氟、溴、碘和卤代甲基。
在本发明的上下文中,具有在表I-a中描述的R1、R2和R3的以下组合的式(VI)的那些硝基苯基醚是特别优选的。
在本发明的上下文中,具有在表I-b中描述的R1、R2和R3的以下组合的式(VI)的那些硝基苯基醚是特别优选的。
所述反应优选地在有碱存在下进行。
合适的碱是在这样的反应中经常使用的有机和无机碱。优选的是,使用例如选自以下的碱:碱金属或碱土金属的氢化物、氢氧化物、氨基化合物、醇盐、乙酸盐、氟化物、磷酸盐、碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐。在这里特别优选的是氨基钠、氢化钠、二异丙基氨基锂、甲醇钠、叔丁醇钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、乙酸钠、磷酸钠、磷酸钾、氟化钾、氟化铯、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、碳酸氢钠和碳酸铯。此外,叔胺,例如,三甲胺、三乙胺、三丁胺、N,N-二甲基苯胺、N,N-二甲基苄胺、吡啶、N-甲基哌啶、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶、二氮杂双环辛烷(DABCO)、二氮杂双环壬烯(DBN)和二氮杂双环十一碳烯(DBU)。
如果合适的话,可以使用选自钯、铜和它们的盐或络合物的催化剂。
硝基苯衍生物与苯酚衍生物的反应可以纯净地进行或在溶剂中进行;优选地,所述反应在溶剂中进行,所述溶剂选自在主流反应条件下惰性的标准溶剂。
优选的是脂族、脂环族或芳族烃,例如,石油醚、己烷、庚烷、环己烷、甲基环己烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯或十氢化萘;卤代烃,例如,氯苯、二氯苯、二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、二氯乙烷或三氯乙烷;醚,例如,乙醚、二异丙基醚、甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)、甲基叔戊基醚、二噁烷、四氢呋喃、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、1,2-二乙氧基乙烷或茴香醚;腈,例如,乙腈、丙腈、正或异丁腈或苄腈;酰胺,例如,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基甲酰苯胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)或六亚甲基磷酸三酰胺;或这些与水的混合物,以及纯水。
所述反应可以在减压下、在大气压下或在超大气压下和在-20至200℃的温度进行;优选地,所述反应在大气压下和50至150℃的温度进行。
式(III)的硝基苯衍生物是商购可得的,或可以通过在文献(例如WO2008/110314)中描述的方法或与其类似的方法从商购可得的前体制备。
式(II)的苯酚衍生物是商购可得的。
步骤(b)
在根据本发明的一个替代实施方案中,根据以下反应方案使式(V)的硝基苯酚衍生物或从其形成的苯酚盐与式(IV)的苯基衍生物反应以产生式(VI)的硝基苯基醚:
关于反应条件、溶剂、催化剂、硝基苯基醚(VI)的取代型式和合适的离去基团,可以参考步骤(a)。
式(V)的硝基苯酚衍生物是商购可得的,或可以通过在文献中描述的方法从商购可得的前体制备(例如通过卤化反应从对应的硝基苯酚衍生物制备:WO2009/140624)。
式(IV)的苯基衍生物是商购可得的。
步骤(c)
在根据本发明的另一个替代实施方案中,根据以下反应方案使式(VII)的苯胺衍生物与式(II)的苯酚衍生物或从其形成的苯酚盐反应以产生式(VIII)的氨基苯基醚:
关于反应条件、溶剂、催化剂和合适的离去基团,可以参考步骤(a)。
新颖的化合物是式(VIII)的那些,其中符号R1和R3具有上面具体说明的一般的、优选的、或特别优选的定义,且R2选自氟、溴、碘和卤代甲基。
在本发明的上下文中,具有在表II-a中描述的R1、R2和R3的以下组合的式(VIII)的那些氨基苯基醚是特别优选的。
在本发明的上下文中,具有在表II-b中描述的R1、R2和R3的以下组合的式(VIII)的那些硝基苯基醚是特别优选的。
步骤(d)
在根据本发明的另一个替代实施方案中,根据以下反应方案使式(XII)的氨基苯酚与式(IV)的苯基衍生物反应以产生式(VIII)的氨基苯基醚:
关于反应条件、溶剂、催化剂、氨基苯基醚(VIII)的取代型式和合适的离去基团,可以参考步骤(a)和(c)。
步骤(e)
根据以下反应方案可以将在步骤(a)和(b)中得到的式(VI)的硝基苯基醚还原以产生式(VIII)的氨基苯基醚:
通过在现有技术中描述的还原硝基的任意方法,可以进行根据步骤(e)的还原。
优选地,如在WO2000/46184中所述,使用氯化锡在浓盐酸中的溶液进行还原。但是,可替换地,通过在有盐酸或氢气存在下,如果合适的话,在有合适的氢化催化剂(例如,拉尼镍或Pd/C)存在下使用铁也可以进行还原。反应条件已经在现有技术中描述且是本领域技术人员熟悉的。
如果所述还原在液相中进行,所述反应应当在对于主流反应条件而言惰性的溶剂中发生。一种这样的溶剂是,例如,甲苯、甲醇或乙醇。
步骤(f)
根据以下反应方案,使用不同的替代方法可以进行根据步骤(f)的式(VIII)的苯胺向根据本发明的式(I)的脒的转化,如在上面方案(I)中所示,所述替代方法采用
(i)式(XIII)的氨基缩醛或者
(ii)式(XIV)的N-乙基-N-甲基甲酰胺或者
(iii)在有式(XVI)的原酸酯存在下式(XV)的N-甲基乙胺:
在下面简要解释了根据本发明的方法的各个替代实施方案(i)至(iii):
(i)根据本发明的一个实施方案,在方案(I)中显示为步骤(i),使式(VIII)的氨基苯基醚与式(XIII)的氨基缩醛反应,其中R6和R7选自C1-8-烷基,优选地选自C1-6-烷基,特别优选地选自C1-4-烷基并且与它们所连接的氧原子一起可以形成5或6元环,以得到根据本发明的式(I)的卤素-取代的苯氧基苯基脒。
通过与烷化剂(例如,硫酸二甲酯)反应,可以从在JACS, 65, 1566 (1943)中描述的N-乙基-N-甲基甲酰胺得到式(XIII)的氨基缩醛。
根据步骤(i)的反应优选地在没有碱或酸存在下进行。
(ii)在根据本发明的一个替代实施方案中,在方案(I)中显示为步骤(ii),使式(VIII)的氨基苯基醚与式(XIV)的N-乙基-N-甲基甲酰胺反应,以得到根据本发明的卤素-取代的苯氧基苯基脒。
如果合适的话,根据步骤(ii)的反应在有卤化剂存在下进行。合适的卤化剂例如选自PCl5、PCl3、POCl3或SOCl2。
此外,所述反应可以可替换地在有缩合剂存在下进行。
合适的缩合剂是经常用于形成酰胺键的那些;酰卤形成剂,例如,光气、三溴化磷、三氯化磷、五氯化磷、三氯氧磷或亚硫酰氯;酸酐形成剂,例如,氯甲酸酯、氯甲酸甲酯、氯甲酸异丙酯、氯甲酸异丁酯或甲磺酰氯;碳二亚胺,例如,N,N’-二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC),或其它常规缩合剂,例如,五氧化二磷、多聚磷酸、N,N’-羰基二咪唑、2-乙氧基-N-乙氧基羰基-1,2-二氢喹啉(EEDQ)、三苯基膦/四氯化碳或溴三吡咯烷子基鏻六氟磷酸盐,可以作为示例提及。
根据步骤(ii)的反应优选地在溶剂中进行,所述溶剂选自在主流反应条件下为惰性的标准溶剂。优选的是脂族、脂环族或芳族烃,例如,石油醚、己烷、庚烷、环己烷、甲基环己烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯或十氢化萘;卤代烃,例如,氯苯、二氯苯、二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、二氯乙烷或三氯乙烷;醚,例如,乙醚、二异丙基醚、甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)、甲基叔戊基醚、二噁烷、四氢呋喃、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、1,2-二乙氧基乙烷或茴香醚;腈,例如,乙腈、丙腈、正或异丁腈或苄腈;酰胺,例如,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基甲酰苯胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)或六亚甲基磷酸三酰胺;酯,例如,乙酸甲酯或乙酸乙酯;亚砜,例如,二甲亚砜(DMSO);砜,例如,环丁砜;醇,例如,甲醇、乙醇、正或异丙醇、正-、异-、仲-或叔-丁醇、乙二醇、丙烷-1,2-二醇、乙氧基乙醇、甲氧基乙醇、二乙二醇单甲基醚、二乙二醇单乙基醚或这些的混合物。
(iii)根据本发明的另一个替代实施方案,在方案(I)中显示为步骤(iii),在有式(XVI)的原酸酯存在下使式(VIII)的氨基苯基醚与式(XV)的N-甲基乙胺反应,其中R8至R10彼此独立地选自C1-8-烷基,优选地选自C2-6-烷基,特别优选地选自C3-5-烷基并且与它们所连接的氧原子一起可以形成5或6元环,以得到根据本发明的卤素-取代的苯氧基苯基脒。
根据步骤(iii)的反应优选地在溶剂中进行,所述溶剂选自在主流反应条件下为惰性的标准溶剂。优选的是脂族、脂环族或芳族烃,例如,石油醚、己烷、庚烷、环己烷、甲基环己烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯或十氢化萘;卤代烃,例如,例如氯苯、二氯苯、二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、二氯乙烷或三氯乙烷;醚,例如,乙醚、二异丙基醚、甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)、甲基叔戊基醚、二噁烷、四氢呋喃、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、1,2-二乙氧基乙烷或茴香醚;腈,例如,乙腈、丙腈、正或异丁腈或苄腈;酰胺,例如,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基甲酰苯胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)或六亚甲基磷酸三酰胺;酯,例如,乙酸甲酯或乙酸乙酯;亚砜,例如,二甲亚砜(DMSO);砜,例如,环丁砜;醇,例如,甲醇、乙醇、正或异丙醇、正-、异-、仲-或叔-丁醇、乙二醇、丙烷-1,2-二醇、乙氧基乙醇、甲氧基乙醇、二乙二醇单甲基醚、二乙二醇单乙基醚;或这些与水的混合物,以及纯水。
步骤(g)
在根据本发明的一个替代实施方案中,已经可能根据以下反应方案使式(XII)的氨基苯酚与
(i)式(XIII)的氨基缩醛或者
(ii)式(XIV)的N-乙基-N-甲基甲酰胺或者
(iii)在有式(XVI)的原酸酯存在下式(XV)的N-甲基乙胺
反应以产生式(X)的脒:
关于反应条件、溶剂、催化剂和脒(X)的取代型式,可以参考步骤(f)和表I和II。
例如,如在步骤(j)中所述,可以进行式(X)的脒向根据本发明的式(I)的靶分子的进一步转化。
步骤(h)
在根据本发明的一个替代实施方案中,可能根据以下反应方案使式(VII)的苯胺衍生物与
(i)式(XIII)的氨基缩醛或者
(ii)式(XIV)的N-乙基-N-甲基甲酰胺或者
(iii)在有式(XVI)的原酸酯存在下式(XV)的N-甲基乙胺
反应以产生式(XI)的脒:
关于反应条件、溶剂、催化剂和脒(XI)的取代型式,可以参考步骤(f)和表I和II。
例如,如在步骤(i)中所述,可以进行式(XI)的脒向根据本发明的式(I)的靶分子的进一步转化。
步骤(i)
根据本发明的另一个实施方案,可以根据以下反应方案使可从步骤(h)得到的式(XI)的脒与式(II)的苯酚衍生物或从其形成的苯酚盐反应以产生根据本发明的式(I)的靶分子:
关于反应条件、溶剂、催化剂、脒(I)的取代型式,可以参考步骤(a)和(c)和表I和II。
步骤(j)
根据本发明的另一个实施方案,根据以下反应方案可以使可从步骤(g)得到的式(X)的脒与式(IV)的苯基衍生物反应以产生根据本发明的式(I)的靶分子:
关于反应条件、溶剂、催化剂和脒(I)的取代型式,可以参考步骤(a)和(c)和表I和II。
关于根据本发明的用于制备式(I)的脒的方法,反应步骤的以下组合应当视作有利的: 步骤(a)、(e)和(f);步骤(b)、(e)和(f);步骤(c)和(f);步骤(d)和(f);步骤(h)和(i)和/或步骤(g)和(j)。
如果合适的话,在没有中间体的中间分离的情况下进行根据本发明的卤素-取代的苯氧基苯基脒的制备。
如果合适的话,使用常规纯化方法可以进行卤素-取代的苯氧基苯基脒的最终纯化。优选地,通过结晶进行纯化。
不希望的微生物的控制
式(I)的化合物具有有效的杀微生物活性,且可以用于在作物保护中、在材料保护中和在医学和非医学应用中控制不希望的微生物,诸如真菌和细菌。
植物保护
式(I)的化合物具有非常好的杀真菌性能,并且可以用在作物保护中,例如用于控制根肿菌纲(Plasmodiophoromycetes)、卵菌纲(Oomycetes)、壶菌纲(Chytridiomycetes)、接合菌纲(Zygomycetes)、子囊菌纲(Ascomycetes)、担子菌纲(Basidiomycetes)和半知菌纲(Deuteromycetes)。
可以将杀细菌剂用在作物保护中,例如,用于控制假单胞菌科(Pseudomonadaceae)、黄单胞菌属(Xanthomonas)、根瘤菌科(Rhizobiaceae)、肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)、棒状杆菌科(Corynebacteriaceae)以及链霉菌科(Streptomycetaceae)。
式(I)的化合物可以用于植物病原性真菌的治疗性或保护性控制。因此,本发明也涉及通过使用本发明的活性成分或组合物来控制植物病原性真菌的治疗性和保护性方法,其中将所述活性成分或组合物施用于种子、植物或植物部分、果实或植物生长的土壤。
作为示例,但不限制,可以提及在上面列出的通用词下的真菌性和细菌性疾病的一些病原体:
由白粉病病原体,例如布氏白粉菌属种(Blumeria species),例如布氏白粉菌(Blumeria graminis);叉丝单囊壳属种(Podosphaera species),例如白叉丝单囊壳(Podosphaera leucotricha);单丝壳属种(Sphaerotheca species),例如单丝壳白粉菌(Sphaerotheca fuliginea);钩丝壳属种(Uncinula species),例如葡萄钩丝壳(Uncinula necator)造成的疾病;
由锈病病原体,例如胶锈菌属种(Gymnosporangium species),例如褐色胶锈菌(Gymnosporangium sabinae);驼孢锈属种(Hemileia species),例如咖啡驼孢锈菌(Hemileia vastatrix);层锈菌属种(Phakopsora species),例如豆薯层锈菌(Phakopsora pachyrhizi)或山马蝗层锈菌(Phakopsora meibomiae);柄锈菌属种(Puccinia species),例如隐匿柄锈菌(Puccinia recondita),禾柄锈菌(Puccinia graminis)或条形柄锈菌(Puccinia striiformis);单胞锈菌属种(Uromyces species),例如疣顶单胞锈菌(Uromyces appendiculatus)造成的疾病;
由来自卵菌纲(Oomycetes)的病原体,例如白锈属种(Albugo species),例如白锈菌(Albugo candida);盘梗霉属种(Bremia species),例如莴苣盘梗霉(Bremia lactucae);霜霉属种(Peronospora species),例如豌豆霜霉(Peronospora pisi)或十字花科霜霉(P.brassicae);疫霉属种(Phytophthora species),例如致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans);单轴霉属种(Plasmopara species),例如葡萄生单轴霉属(Plasmopara viticola);假霜霉属种(Pseudoperonospora species),例如葎草假霜霉(Pseudoperonospora humuli)或古巴假霜霉(Pseudoperonospora cubensis);腐霉属种(Pythium species),例如终极腐霉(Pythium ultimum)造成的疾病;
由例如以下病原体造成的叶斑枯病和叶萎蔫病:链格孢属种(Alternaria species),例如早疫病链格孢(Alternaria solani);尾孢属种(Cercospora species),例如甜菜尾孢(Cercospora beticola);枝孢属种(Cladiosporium species),例如黄瓜枝孢(Cladiosporium cucumerinum);旋孢腔菌属种(Cochliobolus species),例如禾旋孢腔菌(Cochliobolus sativus)(分生孢子形式:内脐蠕孢属(Drechslera),同义词:长蠕孢菌属(Helminthosporium)),或水稻旋孢腔菌(Cochliobolus miyabeanus);炭疽菌属种(Colletotrichum species),例如菜豆炭疽菌(Colletotrichum lindemuthanium);Cycloconium物种,例如油橄榄环梗孢菌(Cycloconium oleaginum);间座壳属种(Diaporthe species),例如柑橘间座壳菌(Diaporthe citri);痂囊腔菌属种(Elsinoe species),例如柑橘痂囊腔菌(Elsinoe fawcettii);盘长孢属种(Gloeosporium species),例如悦色盘长孢(Gloeosporium laeticolor);小丛壳属种(Glomerella species),例如围小丛壳菌(Glomerella cingulata);球座菌属种(Guignardia species),例如葡萄球座菌(Guignardia bidwelli);小球腔菌属种(Leptosphaeria species),例如斑点小球腔菌(Leptosphaeria maculans);大毁壳属种(Magnaporthe species),例如灰色大毁壳(Magnaporthe grisea);微座孢属种(Microdochium species),例如雪霉微座孢(Microdochium nivale);球腔菌属种(Mycosphaerella species),例如禾生球腔菌(Mycosphaerella graminicola),花生球腔菌(Mycosphaerella arachidicola)或斐济球腔菌(Mycosphaerella fijiensis);暗球腔菌属种(Phaeosphaeria species),例如颖枯暗球腔菌(Phaeosphaeria nodorum);核腔菌属种(Pyrenophora species),例如圆核腔菌(Pyrenophora teres)或偃麦草核腔菌(Pyrenophora tritici repentis);柱隔孢属种(Ramularia species),例如Ramularia collo-cygni或白斑柱隔孢(Ramularia areola);喙孢属种(Rhynchosporium species),例如黑麦喙孢(Rhynchosporium secalis);壳针孢属种(Septoria species),例如芹菜小壳针孢(Septoria apii)或番茄壳针孢(Septoria lycopersici);壳多孢属种(Stagonospora species),例如Stagonospora nodorum;核瑚菌属种(Typhula species),例如肉孢核瑚菌(Typhula incarnata);黑星菌属种(Venturia species),例如苹果黑星菌(Venturia inaequalis);
由例如以下病原体造成的根和茎疾病:伏革菌属种(Corticium species),例如禾谷伏革菌(Corticium graminearum);镰孢菌属种(Fusarium species),例如尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum);顶囊壳属种(Gaeumannomyces species),例如禾顶囊壳(Gaeumannomyces graminis);根肿菌属种(Plasmodiophora species),例如甘蓝根肿菌(Plasmodiophora brassicae);丝核菌属种(Rhizoctonia species),例如,立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani);帚枝霉属种(Sarocladium species),例如稻帚枝霉(Sarocladium oryzae);小菌核属种(Sclerotium species),例如稻小核菌(Sclerotium oryzae); Tapesia种,例如塔普斯梭状芽孢杆菌(Tapesia acuformis);根串珠霉属种(Thielaviopsis species),例如根串珠霉(Thielaviopsis basicola);
由例如以下病原体造成的穗和圆锥花序疾病(包括玉米穗轴):链格孢属种(Alternaria species),例如链格孢属种(Alternaria spp.);曲霉菌属种(Aspergillus species),例如黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus);枝孢属种(Cladosporium species),例如芽枝状枝孢(Cladosporium cladosporioides);麦角菌属种(Claviceps species),例如黑麦麦角菌(Claviceps purpurea);镰孢菌属种(Fusarium species),例如黄色镰孢(Fusarium culmorum);赤霉属种(Gibberella species),例如玉蜀黍赤霉(Gibberella zeae);小画线壳属种(Monographella species),例如雪腐小画线壳(Monographella nivalis);壳多孢属种(Stagnospora species),例如颖枯壳多孢(Stagnospora nodorum);
由黑粉菌,例如轴黑粉菌属种(Sphacelotheca species),例如丝孢堆黑粉菌(Sphacelotheca reiliana);腥黑粉菌属种(Tilletia species),例如小麦网腥黑粉菌(Tilletia caries)或小麦矮化腥黑穗病菌(Tilletia controversa);条黑粉菌属种(Urocystis species),例如隐条黑粉菌(Urocystis occulta);黑粉菌属种(Ustilago species),例如裸黑粉菌(Ustilago nuda)造成的疾病;
由例如以下病原体造成的果实腐烂:曲霉菌属种(Aspergillus species),例如黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus);葡萄孢属种(Botrytis species),例如灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea);青霉属种(Penicillium species),例如扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum)或产紫青霉(Penicillium purpurogenum);根霉菌属种(Rhizopus species),例如匍枝根霉(Rhizopus stolonifer);核盘菌属种(Sclerotinia species),例如核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum);轮枝孢属种(Verticilium species),例如黑白轮枝孢(Verticilium alboatrum);
由例如以下病原体造成的种子和土壤传播的腐烂和萎蔫病以及幼苗的疾病:链格孢属种(Alternaria species),例如甘蓝链格孢菌(Alternaria brassicicola);丝囊霉属种(Aphanomyces species),例如根腐丝囊霉(Aphanomyces euteiches);壳二孢属种(Ascochyta species),例如兵豆壳二孢(Ascochyta lentis);曲霉菌属种(Aspergillus species),例如黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus);枝孢属种(Cladosporium species),例如分支胞子菌(Cladosporium herbarum);旋孢腔菌属种(Cochliobolus species),例如禾旋孢腔菌(Cochliobolus sativus)(分生孢子形式:内脐蠕孢属(Drechslera)、平脐蠕孢属(Bipolaris),同义词:长蠕孢菌属(Helminthosporium));炭疽菌属种(Colletotrichum species),例如毛核炭疽菌(Colletotrichum coccodes);镰孢菌属种(Fusarium species),例如大刀镰孢(Fusarium culmorum);赤霉属种(Gibberella species),例如玉蜀黍赤霉(Gibberella zeae);壳球孢属种(Macrophomina species),例如菜豆壳球孢(Macrophomina phaseolina);微座孢属种(Microdochium species),例如雪霉微座孢(Microdochium nivale);小画线壳属种(Monographella species),例如雪腐小画线壳(Monographella nivalis);青霉属种(Penicillium species),例如扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum);茎点霉属种(Phoma species),例如甘蓝茎点霉(Phoma lingam);拟茎点霉属种(Phomopsis species),例如大豆拟茎点霉(Phomopsis sojae);疫霉属种(Phytophthora species),例如恶疫霉(Phytophthora cactorum);核腔菌属种(Pyrenophora species),例如麦类核腔菌(Pyrenophora graminea);梨孢属种(Pyricularia species),例如稻梨孢(Pyricularia oryzae);腐霉属种(Pythium species),例如终极腐霉(Pythium ultimum);丝核菌属种(Rhizoctonia species),例如立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani);根霉菌属种(Rhizopus species),例如米根霉(Rhizopus oryzae);小菌核属种(Sclerotium species),例如齐整小核菌(Sclerotium rolfsii);壳针孢属种(Septoria species),例如颖枯壳针孢(Septoria nodorum);核瑚菌属种(Typhula species),例如肉孢核瑚菌(Typhula incarnata);轮枝孢属种(Verticillium species),例如大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae);
由例如以下病原体造成的癌、瘿和扫帚病:丛赤壳属种(Nectria species),例如仁果干癌丛赤壳菌(Nectria galligena);
由例如以下病原体造成的萎蔫病:链核盘菌属种(Monilinia species),例如核果链核盘菌(Monilinia laxa);
由例如以下病原体造成的叶、花和果实的变形:外担子菌属种(Exobasidium species),例如坏损外担子菌(Exobasidium vexans);外囊菌属种(Taphrina species),例如畸形外囊菌(Taphrina deformans);
由例如以下病原体造成的木本植物中的变性疾病:Esca属种,例如Phaeomoniella chlamydospora、Phaeoacremonium aleophilum或Fomitiporia mediterranea;灵芝属种(Ganoderma species),例如狭长孢灵芝(Ganoderma boninense);
由例如以下病原体造成的花和种子疾病:葡萄孢属种(Botrytis species),例如灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea);
由例如以下病原体造成的植物块茎的疾病:丝核菌属种(Rhizoctonia species),例如立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani);长蠕孢菌属种(Helminthosporium species),例如茄病长蠕孢(Helminthosporium solani);
由以下病原体造成的疾病:细菌病原体,例如黄单胞菌属种(Xanthomonas species),例如野油菜黄单胞菌水稻致病变种(Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae);假单胞菌属种(Pseudomonas species),例如丁香假单胞菌黄瓜致病变种(Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans);欧文氏菌属种(Erwinia species),例如解淀粉欧文氏菌(Erwinia amylovora)。
优选的是控制以下大豆疾病:
由例如以下疾病造成的叶、茎、荚和种子上的真菌疾病:链格孢属叶斑病(Alternaria spec. atrans tenuissima)、炭疽病(Colletotrichum gloeosporoides dematium var.truncatum)、褐斑病(大豆壳针孢(Septoria glycines))、尾孢属叶斑病和叶枯病(菊池尾孢(Cercospora kikuchii))、笄霉属叶枯病(漏斗笄霉(Choanephora infundibulifera trispora(同义词))、dactuliophora叶斑病(Dactuliophora glycines)、霜霉病(东北霜霉(Peronospora manshurica))、内脐蠕孢属枯萎病(大豆内脐蠕孢(Drechslera glycini))、蛙眼叶斑病(大豆尾孢(Cercospora sojina))、小光壳属叶斑病(三叶草小光壳(Leptosphaerulina trifolii))、叶点霉叶斑病(大豆生叶点霉(Phyllosticta sojaecola))、荚和茎枯萎病(大豆拟茎点霉(Phomopsis sojae))、白粉病(扩散叉丝壳(Microsphaera diffusa))、棘壳孢属叶斑病(大豆棘壳孢(Pyrenochaeta glycines))、丝核菌地上疫病、叶枯病和丝网疫(立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani))、锈病(豆薯层锈菌(Phakopsora pachyrhizi)、山蚂蝗层锈菌(Phakopsora meibomiae))、斑点病(大豆痂圆孢(Sphaceloma glycines))、匍柄霉属叶枯病(匍柄霉菌(Stemphylium botryosum))、靶斑病(target spot)(山扁豆生棒孢(Corynespora cassiicola))。
由例如以下疾病造成的根和茎基部的真菌疾病:黑色根腐病(Calonectria crotalariae)、炭腐病(菜豆壳球孢(Macrophomina phaseolina))、镰孢菌属枯萎病或萎蔫、根腐病以及荚和根颈腐烂((尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、直喙镰孢(Fusarium orthoceras)、半裸镰孢(Fusarium semitectum)、木贼镰孢(Fusarium equiseti))、mycoleptodiscus根腐病(Mycoleptodiscus terrestris)、新赤壳属(neocosmospora)(侵菅新赤壳(Neocosmopspora vasinfecta))、荚和茎枯萎病(菜豆间座壳(Diaporthe phaseolorum))、茎溃疡(大豆北方茎溃疡病菌(Diaporthe phaseolorum var.caulivora))、疫霉腐病(大雄疫霉(Phytophthora megasperma))、褐茎腐病(大豆茎褐腐病菌(Phialophora gregata))、腐霉病(瓜果腐霉(Pythium aphanidermatum)、畸雌腐霉(Pythium irregulare)、德巴利腐霉(Pythium debaryanum)、群结腐霉(Pythium myriotylum)、终极腐霉(Pythium ultimum))、丝核菌属根腐病、茎腐病和猝倒病(立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani))、核盘菌属茎腐病(核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum))、核盘菌白绢病(Sclerotinia rolfsii)、根串珠霉属根腐病(根串珠霉(Thielaviopsis basicola))。
优选地,可以抵抗以下大豆疾病:
由例如以下疾病造成的叶、秆、荚和种子上的真菌疾病:链格孢属叶斑病(Alternaria spec. atrans tenuissima)、炭疽病(Colletotrichum gloeosporoides dematium var.truncatum)、褐斑病(大豆壳针孢(Septoria glycines))、尾孢属叶斑病和叶枯病(菊池尾孢(Cercospora kikuchii))、笄霉属叶枯病(漏斗笄霉(Choanephora infundibulifera trispora(同义词))、dactuliophora叶斑病(Dactuliophora glycines)、霜霉病(东北霜霉(Peronospora manshurica))、内脐蠕孢属枯萎病(大豆内脐蠕孢(Drechslera glycini))、蛙眼叶斑病(大豆尾孢(Cercospora sojina))、小光壳属叶斑病(三叶草小光壳(Leptosphaerulina trifolii))、叶点霉叶斑病(大豆生叶点霉(Phyllosticta sojaecola))、荚和茎枯萎病(大豆拟茎点霉(Phomopsis sojae))、白粉病(扩散叉丝壳(Microsphaera diffusa))、棘壳孢属叶斑病(大豆棘壳孢(Pyrenochaeta glycines))、丝核菌地上疫病、叶枯病和丝网疫(立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani))、锈病(豆薯层锈菌(Phakopsora pachyrhizi))、斑点病(大豆痂圆孢(Sphaceloma glycines))、匍柄霉属叶枯病(匍柄霉菌(Stemphylium botryosum))、靶斑病(target spot)(山扁豆生棒孢(Corynespora cassiicola))。
由例如以下疾病造成的根和茎基部的真菌疾病:黑色根腐病(Calonectria crotalariae)、炭腐病(菜豆壳球孢(Macrophomina phaseolina))、镰孢菌属枯萎病或萎蔫、根腐病以及荚和根颈腐烂((尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、直喙镰孢(Fusarium orthoceras)、半裸镰孢(Fusarium semitectum)、木贼镰孢(Fusarium equiseti))、mycoleptodiscus根腐病(Mycoleptodiscus terrestris)、新赤壳属(neocosmospora)(侵管新赤壳(Neocosmopspora vasinfecta))、荚和茎枯萎病(菜豆间座壳(Diaporthe phaseolorum))、茎溃疡(大豆北方茎溃疡病菌(Diaporthe phaseolorum var.caulivora))、疫霉腐病(大雄疫霉(Phytophthora megasperma))、褐茎腐病(大豆茎褐腐病菌(Phialophora gregata))、腐霉病(瓜果腐霉(Pythium aphanidermatum)、畸雌腐霉(Pythium irregulare)、德巴利腐霉(Pythium debaryanum)、群结腐霉(Pythium myriotylum)、终极腐霉(Pythium ultimum))、丝核菌属根腐病、茎腐病和猝倒病(立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani))、核盘菌属茎腐病(核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum))、核盘菌白绢病(Sclerotinia rolfsii)、根串珠霉属根腐病(根串珠霉(Thielaviopsis basicola))。
式(I)的化合物还在植物中表现出有效的强化作用。因此,它们可以用于激活植物对抗不希望的微生物的攻击的防御。
植物强化(抗性诱导)物质在本发明的上下文中是能够以这样的方式刺激植物的防御系统的那些物质:经过处理的植物当随后用不希望的微生物接种时,会形成高程度的对这些微生物的抗性。
此外,在本发明的上下文中,植物生理学作用包括下述的:
非生物胁迫耐受性,包括对高温或低温的耐受性、干旱耐受性和干旱胁迫以后的恢复、水利用效率(与减少的水消耗有关)、涝耐受性、臭氧胁迫和UV耐受性、对化学物质如重金属、盐、农药等的耐受性。
生物胁迫耐受性,包括增加的真菌抗性和增加的对线虫、病毒和细菌的抗性。在本发明的上下文中,生物胁迫耐受性优选地包括增加的真菌抗性和增加的对线虫的抗性。
增加的植物活力包括植物健康/植物质量和种子活力,减少的倒伏,改善的外观,胁迫阶段以后增加的回收率,改善的色素形成(例如叶绿素含量、滞绿效应等)和提高的光合效率。
在该情况下,不希望的微生物应当理解为是指植物病原性真菌、细菌和病毒。根据本发明的物质因而可以用于在处理以后的某个时间段中保护植物免于受提及的有害病原体攻击。实现保护的时间段通常是在用活性化合物处理植物以后1-10天、优选1-7天的范围内。
活性化合物在控制植物疾病所必需的浓度被植物良好耐受的事实使得可能处理地上植物部分、植物繁殖材料和种子以及土壤。
在这方面,根据本发明的活性化合物可以特别成功地用于控制谷物疾病,例如,柄锈菌属种(Puccinia species),和在葡萄栽培中和在水果和蔬菜的栽培中的疾病,例如,葡萄孢属(Botrytis)、黑星菌属(Venturia)或链格孢属(Alternaria)种。
根据本发明的活性化合物也适合用于增加作物产量。另外,它们具有较低毒性且被植物良好耐受。
根据本发明,可以处理所有植物及植物部分。在这里将植物理解为是指所有植物和植物种群,诸如希望的和不希望的野生植物或作物植物(包括天然存在的作物植物)。作物植物可以是通过常规育种和优化方法或通过生物技术和基因工程方法或通过这些方法的组合可获得的植物,包括转基因植物,且包括植物育种者权利可保护的和不可保护的植物品种。植物部分应理解为是指植物的所有地上和地下的部分和器官,诸如芽、叶、花和根,其例子包括叶、针叶、秆、茎、花、子实体、果实和种子,以及根、块茎和根茎。植物部分还包括采收物和无性和有性繁殖材料,例如插枝、块茎、根茎、分株和种子。
根据本发明可以处理的植物包括以下的:棉花、亚麻、葡萄树、水果、蔬菜,诸如蔷薇科(Rosaceae sp.)(例如,仁果类水果,如苹果和梨,还有核果,诸如杏、樱桃、杏仁和桃子,无核小水果如草莓)、茶鹿子科(Ribesioidae sp.)、胡桃科(Juglandaceae sp.)、桦木科(Betulaceae sp.)、漆树科(Anacardiaceae sp.)、山毛榉科(Fagaceae sp.)、桑科(Moraceae sp.)、木犀科(Oleaceae sp.)、猕猴桃科(Actinidaceae sp.)、樟科(Lauraceae sp.)、芭蕉科(Musaceae sp.)(例如香蕉树和种植园)、茜草科(Rubiaceae sp.)(例如咖啡)、山茶科(Theaceae sp.)、梧桐科(Sterculiceae sp.)、芸香科(Rutaceae sp.)(例如柠檬、橙子和葡萄柚);茄科(Solanaceae sp.)(例如番茄)、百合科(Liliaceae sp.)、菊科(Asteraceae sp.)(例如莴苣)、伞形科(Umbelliferae sp.)、十字花科(Cruciferae sp.)、藜科(Chenopodiaceae sp.)、葫芦科(Cucurbitaceae sp.)(例如黄瓜)、葱科(Alliaceae sp.)(例如韭葱、洋葱)、蝶形花科(Papilionaceae sp.)(例如豌豆);主要作物植物,诸如禾本科(Gramineae sp.)(例如玉米、草皮、谷物诸如小麦、黑麦、稻、大麦、燕麦、粟和黑小麦)、菊科(Asteraceae sp.)(例如向日葵)、十字花科(Brassicaceae sp.)(例如白球甘蓝、红球甘蓝、花茎甘蓝、花椰菜、抱子甘蓝、青菜、球茎甘蓝、小萝卜、以及芸苔、芥、辣根和水芹)、蝶形花科(Fabacae sp.)(例如豆类、花生)、蝶形花科(Papilionaceae sp.)(例如大豆)、茄科(Solanaceae sp.)(例如马铃薯)、藜科(Chenopodiaceae sp.)(例如糖用甜菜、饲用甜菜、莙荙菜、甜菜根);用于花园和森林区域的有用植物和观赏植物;和这些植物中的每一种的遗传修饰变种。
抗真菌活性
另外,本发明的式(I)的化合物也具有非常好的抗真菌作用。它们具有非常宽的抗真菌活性谱,特别是针对皮肤真菌和酵母、霉菌和双相性真菌(例如针对假丝酵母属种(Candida species),诸如白色假丝酵母(Candida albicans)、光滑假丝酵母(Candida glabrata))和絮状表皮癣菌(Epidermophyton floccosum)、曲霉菌属种(Aspergillus species),诸如黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)和烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus)、毛癣菌属种(Trichophyton species),诸如须毛癣菌(Trichophyton mentagrophytes),小孢子菌属种(Microsporon species)诸如犬小孢子菌(Microsporon canis)和奥杜盎小孢子菌(M. audouinii)。这些真菌的列表决不构成对所覆盖的霉菌谱的限制,而仅仅具有示例说明作用。
本发明的式(I)的活性成分因此可以用在医学和非医学应用中。
真菌毒素
另外,式(I)的化合物可以减少采收物以及由其制备的食品以及饲料中的真菌毒素含量。具体但不是排他性地,真菌毒素包括下述:脱氧瓜蒌镰菌醇(DON)、瓜萎镰菌醇、15-Ac-DON、3-Ac-DON、T2-和HT2-毒素、烟曲霉毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenon)、念珠菌毒素、镰菌素、蛇形菌素(diaceotoxyscirpenol,DAS)、白僵菌素、恩镰孢菌素、层出镰孢菌素(fusaroproliferin)、fusarenol、赭曲霉毒素、棒曲霉素、麦角生物碱和黄曲霉毒素,这些毒素可由例如以下真菌产生:镰孢菌属种(Fusarium spec.),诸如锐顶镰孢菌(F. acuminatum)、亚洲镰孢菌(F. asiaticum)、燕麦镰孢(F. avenaceum)、克地镰刀菌(F. crookwellense)、大刀镰孢(F. culmorum)、禾谷镰孢(F. graminearum)(玉蜀黍赤霉(Gibberella zeae))、水贼镰刀菌(F. equiseti)、F. fujikoroi、香蕉镰刀菌(F. musarum)、尖孢镰刀菌(F. oxysporum)、再育镰刀菌(F. proliferatum)、梨孢镰刀菌(F. poae)、F. pseudograminearum、接骨木镰刀菌(F. sambucinum)、藤草镰刀菌(F. scirpi)、半裸镰刀菌(F. semitectum)、茄病镰刀菌(F. solani)、拟枝孢镰刀菌(F. sporotrichoides)、F. langsethiae、胶孢镰刀菌(F. subglutinans)、三线镰孢菌(F. tricinctum)、串珠镰刀菌(F. verticillioides)等,以及曲霉菌属种(Aspergillusspec.),诸如黄曲霉(A. flavus)、寄生曲霉(A. parasiticus)、匿名曲霉(A. nomius)、赭曲霉(A. ochraceus)、棒曲霉(A. clavatus)、土曲霉(A. terreus)、杂色曲霉(A. versicolor),青霉属种(Penicillium spec.),诸如疣状青霉(P. verrucosum)、鲜绿青霉(P. viridicatum)、桔青霉(P. citrinum)、扩展青霉(P. expansum)、棒形青霉(P. claviforme)、娄地青霉(P. roqueforti)、麦角菌属种(Claviceps spec.),诸如麦角菌(C. purpurea)、梭形麦角(C. fusiformis)、雀稗麦角(C. paspali)、非洲麦角(C. africana),葡萄状穗霉属种(Stachybotrys spec.)和其它。
材料保护
式(I)的化合物还可以用于材料保护中,用于保护工业材料免于受植物病原性真菌的攻击和破坏。
另外,式(I)的化合物可以单独地或与其它活性成分联合用作防污组合物。
在本发明的上下文中,工业材料应理解为是指为工业用途而制备的无生命材料。例如,要受本发明组合物保护而免受微生物改变或破坏的工业材料可以为粘合剂、胶水、纸张、壁纸和纸板/卡纸板、纺织品、地毯、皮革、木材、纤维和组织、涂料和塑料制品、冷却润滑剂以及可被微生物侵染或破坏的其它材料。在要保护的材料的范围内也可以提及生产工厂和建筑物的部件,例如冷却水回路、冷却和加热系统以及通气和空气调节单元,其可受到微生物繁殖而损坏。在本发明范围内,工业材料优选包括粘合剂、胶料、纸和卡片、皮革、木材、涂料、冷却润滑剂和热转换液体,特别优选木材。
式(I)的化合物可以预防不良作用,诸如腐烂、腐败、变色、褪色或霉斑形成。
在木材处理的情况下,也可以使用式(I)的化合物对抗易于在木材表面上或内部生长的真菌疾病。术语“木材”指所有类型的木材种类,以及对该木材进行的所有种类的加工(用于建筑),例如实体木材、高密度木材、层积材和胶合板。根据本发明处理木材的方法主要在于:与根据本发明的组合物接触;这包括例如直接施用、喷涂、浸渍、注入或任何其它合适的方式。
另外,式(I)的化合物可以用来保护物体免于被污垢污染,其中所述物体与盐水或半咸水接触,尤其是船体、筛、网、建筑、停泊处和信号系统。
式(I)的化合物也可用于保护储存物。储存物被理解为是指源自天然且希望长期保护的植物或动物性来源的天然物质或其经加工的产品。植物来源的储存物,例如植物或植物部分,如茎、叶、块茎、种子、果实、谷粒,可以以新鲜采收的状态或在通过(预)干燥、润湿、粉碎、研磨、压制或烘烤进行加工之后被保护。储存物也包括木材,包括未加工的如建筑木材、电线杆和栅栏;或为成品形式,如家具。动物来源的储存物是,例如,兽皮、皮革、毛皮和毛发。本发明的组合物可预防不良作用,诸如腐烂、腐败、变色、褪色或霉斑形成。
能够降解或改变工业材料的微生物包括例如细菌、真菌、酵母、藻类和粘质生物体。式(I)的化合物优选作用于真菌,特别是霉菌、木变色真菌和木破坏真菌(子囊菌纲(Ascomycetes)、担子菌纲(Basidiomycetes)、半知菌纲(Deuteromycetes)和接合菌纲(Zygomycetes))以及作用于粘质生物体和藻类。例子包括下列属的微生物:链格孢属(Alternaria),诸如细链格孢(Alternaria tenuis);曲霉菌属(Aspergillus),诸如黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger);黑毛菌属(Chaetomium),诸如球毛壳菌(Chaetomium globosum);Coniophora,诸如粉孢革菌(Coniophora puetana);香菇菌属(Lentinus),诸如虎皮香菇菌(Lentinus tigrinus);青霉属(Penicillium),诸如灰绿青霉(Penicillium glaucum);多孔菌属(Polyporus),诸如变色多孔菌(Polyporus versicolor);短梗霉属(Aureobasidium),诸如出芽短梗霉菌(Aureobasidium pullulans);Sclerophoma,诸如Sclerophoma pityophila;木霉属(Trichoderma),诸如绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride);Ophiostoma spp.,Ceratocystis spp.,腐质霉属种(Humicola spp.),Petriella spp.,毛束霉属种(Trichurus spp.),Coriolus spp.,粘褶菌属种(Gloeophyllum spp.),侧耳属(Pleurotus spp.),Poria spp.,小蛇菌属种(Serpula spp.)和干酪菌属种(Tyromyces spp.),枝孢属种(Cladosporium spp.),拟青霉属种(Paecilomyces spp.)、毛霉菌属种(Mucor spp.),埃希氏菌属(Escherichia),诸如大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli);假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),诸如铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa);葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus),诸如金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus),假丝酵母属种(Candida spp.)和酵母属种(Saccharomyces spp.),诸如酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisae)。
制剂
本发明还涉及一种用于控制不希望的微生物的组合物,其包含至少一种式(I)的化合物。这些优选是杀真菌组合物,其含有农业上适合的助剂、溶剂、载体、表面活性剂或增充剂。术语“组合物”包括农业化学制剂。
根据本发明,载体是指天然的或合成的有机或无机物质,所述活性成分与它们混合或结合后导致更好的适用性,特别是为了施加在植物或植物部分或种子上。可为固态或者液态的所述载体一般是惰性的且应该是适合用于农业的。
有用的固体载体包括:例如铵盐和天然的石粉,诸如高岭土、粘土、滑石、白垩、石英、凹凸棒、蒙脱石或硅藻土,以及合成的石粉,诸如精细粉碎的二氧化硅、氧化铝和硅酸盐;对颗粒剂而言有用的固体载体包括:例如,粉碎并分级分离的天然岩石,诸如方解石、大理石、浮石、海泡石和白云石,以及无机和有机粉的合成颗粒,以及有机材料(诸如纸、锯屑、椰壳、玉米穗轴和烟草秆)的颗粒;有用的乳化剂和/或泡沫形成剂包括: 例如非离子的和阴离子的乳化剂,诸如聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚,例如烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚、烷基磺酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、芳基磺酸盐以及蛋白水解物;合适的分散剂是非离子的和/或离子的物质,例如来自以下类别:醇-POE和/或-POP醚、酸和/或POP POE酯、烷基芳基和/或POPPOE醚、脂肪和/或POP POE加合物、POE-和/或POP-多元醇衍生物、POE-和/或POP-脱水山梨糖醇或-糖加合物、烷基或芳基硫酸盐、烷基-或芳基磺酸盐和烷基或芳基磷酸盐或对应的PO-醚加合物。另外,合适的是寡聚物或聚合物,例如单独的或与例如(多元)醇或(多)胺组合的从乙烯基(vinylic)单体、从丙烯酸、从EO和/或PO衍生出的那些。也可能使用木质素和它的磺酸衍生物、未修饰的和改性的纤维素、芳族和/或脂族磺酸以及它们与甲醛的加合物。
可以将所述活性成分转化成常规制剂,诸如溶液、乳剂、可湿性粉剂、基于水和基于油的混悬液、粉剂、扑粉剂、糊剂、可溶性粉剂、可溶性颗粒剂、撒播颗粒剂、悬乳浓缩剂、浸渍了活性成分的天然产物、浸渍了活性成分的合成物质、肥料以及在聚合物质中的微囊。
可以将所述活性成分原样使用,以它们的制剂形式或由此制备的使用形式来使用,诸如现成即可使用的溶液、乳剂、基于水或基于油的混悬液、粉剂、可湿性粉剂、糊剂、可溶性粉剂、扑粉剂、可溶性颗粒剂、撒播颗粒剂、悬乳浓缩剂、浸渍了活性成分的天然产物、浸渍了活性成分的合成物质、肥料以及在聚合物质中的微囊。应用以常规方式完成,例如通过浇水、喷雾、雾化、撒施、撒粉、起泡、铺展等。也可能通过超低容量法使用活性成分或将活性成分制剂/活性成分本身注射进土壤中。也可能处理植物的种子。
所提及的制剂可以以本身已知的方式制备,例如通过将活性成分与至少一种常规增充剂、溶剂或稀释剂、乳化剂、分散剂和/或粘合剂或固定剂、润湿剂、防水剂、任选的干燥剂和紫外稳定剂和任选的染料和颜料、消泡剂、防腐剂、二次增稠剂、粘着剂、赤霉素类以及其它加工助剂混合。
本发明不仅包括已经准备好使用且可以用合适的设备布置至植物或种子的制剂,而且包括使用前必须用水稀释的市售浓缩剂。
式(I)的化合物可以原样或在其(市售的)制剂中以及在由这些制剂制备的使用形式(作为与其它(已知的)活性成分的混合物)中存在,所述其它活性物质如杀昆虫剂、引诱剂、消毒剂、杀菌剂、杀螨剂、杀线虫剂、杀真菌剂、生长调节剂、除草剂、肥料、安全剂和/或化学信息素。
使用的助剂可以是适合用于给组合物本身或和/或由其衍生出的制剂(例如喷雾液剂、拌种剂)赋予特定性能,诸如某些技术性能和/或以及特定生物学特性的那些物质。典型的助剂包括:增充剂、溶剂和载体。
合适的增充剂是,例如水,极性和非极性的有机化学液体,例如来自以下类别:芳族和非芳族烃(诸如石蜡、烷基苯、烷基萘、氯苯)、醇和多元醇(它们也可以任选地被取代、醚化和/或酯化)、酮(诸如丙酮、环己酮)、酯(包括脂肪和油)和(聚)醚、未被取代的和被取代的胺、酰胺、内酰胺(诸如N-烷基吡咯烷酮)和内酯、砜和亚砜(诸如二甲亚砜)。
液化的气态增充剂或载体应理解为是指在标准温度和标准压力下是气态的液体,例如气溶胶推进剂,诸如卤代烃,或者丁烷、丙烷、氮气和二氧化碳。
在制剂中可能使用胶粘剂如羧甲基纤维素,粉末、颗粒或胶乳形式的天然及合成的聚合物,如阿拉伯树胶、聚乙烯醇和聚乙酸乙烯酯,或者天然磷脂,如脑磷脂和卵磷脂以及合成磷脂。其它添加剂可以是矿物油和植物油。
如果使用的增充剂是水,也可能使用例如有机溶剂作为助溶剂。有用的液体溶剂主要是:芳族化合物,诸如二甲苯、甲苯或烷基萘;氯化的芳族化合物或氯化的脂族烃诸如氯苯、氯乙烯或二氯甲烷;脂族烃,诸如环己烷或石蜡,例如石油馏分;醇类,诸如丁醇或乙二醇及其醚和酯;酮类,诸如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基异丁基酮或环己酮;强极性溶剂诸如二甲基甲酰胺和二甲亚砜,或者水。
包含式(I)的化合物的组合物可以另外包含其它组分,例如表面活性剂。合适的表面活性剂是乳化剂和/或发泡剂、具有离子或非离子特性的分散剂或润湿剂、或这些表面活性剂的混合物。其例子为聚丙烯酸的盐、木素磺酸的盐、苯酚磺酸或萘磺酸的盐、环氧乙烷与脂肪醇或与脂肪酸或与脂肪胺的缩聚物、取代的酚类(优选烷基酚或芳基酚)、磺基琥珀酸酯的盐、牛磺酸衍生物(优选牛磺酸烷基酯)、聚乙氧基化的醇或酚的磷酸酯、多元醇的脂肪酸酯,以及含有硫酸盐、磺酸盐和磷酸盐的化合物的衍生物,例如烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚、烷基磺酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、芳基磺酸盐、蛋白水解产物、木素亚硫酸盐废液和甲基纤维素。如果活性成分之一和/或惰性载体之一不溶于水且当应用是在水中实现时,那么表面活性剂的存在是必需的。表面活性剂的比例是本发明的组合物的5-40重量%。
可能使用染料诸如无机颜料,例如氧化铁、氧化钛和普鲁士蓝,和有机染料诸如茜素染料、偶氮染料和金属酞菁染料,以及痕量营养物质,诸如铁、锰、硼、铜、钴、钼和锌的盐。
其它添加剂可以是香料、任选改性的矿物油或植物油、蜡类和营养物(包括痕量营养物),诸如铁、锰、硼、铜、钴、钼和锌的盐。
另外组分可以是稳定剂,诸如低温稳定剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、光稳定剂或者其它提高化学和/或物理稳定性的试剂。
如果合适的话,其它另外组分,例如保护性胶体、粘合剂、粘着剂、增稠剂、触变物质、渗透剂、稳定剂、掩蔽剂、络合物形成剂也可以存在。一般而言,所述活性成分可以与通常用于制剂目的的任何固体或液体添加剂联合使用。
所述制剂通常含有0.05-99重量%、0.01-98重量%、优选0.1-95重量%、更优选0.5-90%的活性成分,最优选10-70重量%。
上述制剂可以用于控制不希望的微生物,其中将包含式(I)的化合物的组合物应用于所述微生物和/或它们的生境中。
种子处理
本发明此外包括一种用于处理种子的方法。
本发明的另一个方面具体地涉及用至少一种式(I)的化合物处理过的种子(休眠的、催芽的(primed)、萌芽前的或甚至具有萌出的根和叶)。本发明的种子用在保护种子和由所述种子萌出的植物免于受植物病原性有害真菌侵害的方法中。在这些方法中,使用经至少一种本发明的活性成分处理过的种子。
式(I)的化合物还适合用于处理种子和小幼苗。由有害生物造成的对作物植物的大部分损伤是在播种前或植物萌芽后对种子的侵染引起。该阶段是特别重要的,因为正在生长的植物的根和芽是特别敏感的,即使小损伤也可能导致植物的死亡。因此,通过使用适当的组合物来保护种子和萌芽植物具有巨大利益。
还合乎需要的是,优化所使用的活性成分的量,从而为种子、萌芽植物和出土幼苗提供最佳的可能保护,使其免受植物病原性真菌攻击,但是所使用的活性成分不会损害植物本身。特别地,用于处理种子的方法还应当考虑转基因植物的固有表型,以便使用最少的作物保护组合物实现种子和萌芽植物的最适保护。
因此,本发明还涉及一种通过用本发明的组合物处理种子来保护种子、萌芽植物和出土幼苗免受动物害虫和/或植物病原性有害微生物攻击的方法。本发明还涉及根据本发明的组合物用于处理种子以保护种子、萌芽植物和出土幼苗免于受动物害虫和/或植物病原性微生物侵害的用途。本发明还涉及已经用本发明的组合物处理过以保护其免于受动物害虫和/或植物病原性微生物侵害的种子。
本发明的一个优点是,用这些组合物对种子的处理不仅保护种子本身、而且还保护在出苗后所产生的植物免于受动物害虫和/或植物病原性有害微生物侵害。以此方式,除了在播种前处理种子之外,在播种时或其后不久立即处理作物也会保护植物。同样认为有利的是,本发明的活性成分或组合物还可以特别地用于转基因种子,在此情况下,由该种子长成的植物能够表达针对害虫、除草剂损伤或非生物胁迫起作用的蛋白。用本发明的活性成分或组合物(例如杀昆虫蛋白)对这样的种子的处理可以导致某些害虫的控制。令人惊奇地,在这种情况下可以观察到另外的协同效应,其另外增加针对害虫、微生物、杂草或非生物胁迫攻击的保护的有效性。
式(I)的化合物适合用于保护在农业、温室、林业或园艺中使用的任何植物品种的种子。更具体地,所述种子是谷物(诸如小麦、大麦、黑麦、粟和燕麦)、芸苔、玉米、棉花、大豆、稻、马铃薯、向日葵、菜豆、咖啡、甜菜(例如糖用甜菜和饲用甜菜)、花生、蔬菜(诸如番茄、黄瓜、洋葱和莴苣)、草坪和观赏植物的种子。特别重要的是处理小麦、大豆、芸苔、玉米和稻的种子。
也如下文所述,用本发明活性成分或组合物对转基因种子的处理是特别重要的。这涉及含有至少一种异源基因的植物的种子,所述异源基因能够表达例如具有杀昆虫性能的多肽或蛋白。转基因种子中的这些异源基因可以源自例如以下物种的微生物:芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、沙雷氏菌属(Serratia)、木霉属(Trichoderma)、棒形杆菌属(Clavibacter)、球囊霉属(Glomus)或胶霉属(Gliocladium)。这些异源基因优选地源自芽孢杆菌属种,在该情况下,基因产物对欧洲玉米螟虫和/或西方玉米根虫是有效的。特别优选地,所述异源基因源自苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)。
在本发明的上下文中,将本发明的组合物单独地或在合适的制剂中施用于种子。优选地,在足够稳定以致于不会在处理过程中发生损害的状态下处理种子。一般而言,可以在采收和播种以后一些时间之间的任意时间点处理种子。通常使用已从植物分离并且除去穗轴、壳、秆、表皮、毛或果肉的种子。例如,可能使用已经采收、清洁并干燥至小于15重量%的含水量的种子。可替换地,也可能使用这样的种子:其在干燥后,例如已经用水处理,并然后再次干燥;或刚刚催芽(priming)后的种子,或在催芽条件下储存的种子或萌芽前的种子,或播种在育苗托盘、带或纸上的种子。
当处理种子时,通常必须确保选择施用于种子的本发明组合物的量和/或其它添加剂的量,使得种子的萌芽不受到损害,或所得的植物不受到损害。在活性成分在某些施用率可以表现出植物毒性效应的情况下,必须特别确保这一点。
式(I)的化合物可以直接施用,即不含有任何其它组分且不经稀释。一般而言,优选的是,以合适的制剂形式将所述组合物施用于种子。用于种子处理的合适制剂和方法是本领域技术人员已知的。可以将式(I)的化合物转化成与拌种施用有关的常规制剂,诸如溶液剂、乳剂、混悬液、粉剂、泡沫剂、浆液,或与用于种子的其它包衣组合物组合,诸如成膜材料、制粒材料、细铁粉或其它金属粉末、颗粒、用于灭活的种子的包衣材料,以及ULV制剂。
这些制剂通过将活性成分或活性成分组合与常规添加剂混合以已知方式制备,所述添加剂为,例如,常规增充剂和溶剂或稀释剂、染料、润湿剂、分散剂、乳化剂、消泡剂、防腐剂、二次增稠剂、粘合剂、赤霉素以及水。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的有用的染料是所有常规用于此目的染料。可使用略溶于水的颜料,或可溶于水的染料。例子包括:通过名称罗丹明B(RhodamineB)、C.I.颜料红112和C.I.溶剂红1已知的染料。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的有用的润湿剂为促进润湿且常规用于活性农用化学成分的制剂中的所有物质。优选使用萘磺酸烷基酯,如萘磺酸二异丙酯或萘磺酸二异丁酯。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的有用的分散剂和/或乳化剂为常规用于活性农业化学成分的制剂中的所有非离子的、阴离子和阳离子的分散剂。优选使用非离子或阴离子分散剂,或者非离子或阴离子分散剂的混合物。有用的非离子分散剂尤其包括环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷嵌段聚合物、烷基酚聚乙二醇醚和三苯乙烯基苯酚聚乙二醇醚,及其磷酸化或硫酸化衍生物。适当的阴离子分散剂尤其为木素磺酸盐、聚丙烯酸盐和芳基磺酸盐/甲醛缩合物。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的消泡剂为常规用于活性农用化学成分的制剂中的所有抑制泡沫的物质。可优选使用硅酮消泡剂和硬脂酸镁。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的防腐剂为可在农用化学组合物中用于此目的的所有物质。例子包括双氯酚和苄醇半缩甲醛。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的二次增稠剂为可在农用化学组合物中用于此目的的所有物质。优选的例子包括纤维素衍生物、丙烯酸衍生物、黄原胶、改性粘土以及细分散的二氧化硅。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的粘合剂为可用于拌种产品的所有常规粘结剂。优选的例子包括聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇和tylose。
可根据本发明使用的用于拌种施用的制剂可直接地或在预先用水稀释后用于处理多种不同种类的种子。例如,浓缩剂或可通过用水稀释而由其获得的制剂可以用于以下种子的拌种:谷物,诸如小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦和黑小麦的种子,以及玉米、大豆、稻、芸苔、豌豆、菜豆、棉花、向日葵和甜菜的种子,或多种不同的蔬菜种子。可根据本发明使用的制剂或其稀释制剂还可以用于转基因植物的种子。在该情况下,与通过表达所形成的物质相互作用还可产生额外的协同效应。
对于用根据本发明可使用的制剂或通过添加水由其制备的制剂处理种子而言,所有可常规用于拌种施用的混合单元都是有用的。具体地,在拌种施用中的程序是,将种子置于混合器中,加入特定所需量的制剂(原样或在事先用水稀释后),并混合所有组分直到所有施用的制剂均匀地分布在种子上。如果合适的话,这之后是干燥操作。
可根据本发明使用的制剂的施用率可以在相对宽的范围内变化。它由制剂中的活性成分的具体含量和种子决定。每种单一活性成分的施用率通常是在0.001-15 g/千克种子之间,优选在0.01-5 g/千克种子之间。
GMO
如上面已经提到的,所有的植物和它们的部分均可根据本发明进行处理。在一个优选的实施方案中,对野生的植物种类和植物品种,或者通过常规生物育种方法,如杂交或原生质体融合得到的植物种类和植物品种及其部分进行处理。在另一优选的实施方案中,对通过(如果适当的话)结合常规方法的基因工程方法获得的转基因植物和植物品种(遗传修饰的生物体)及其部分进行处理。术语“部分”或“植物的部分”或“植物部分”已在上文解释。更优选地,根据本发明对市售可得的或正在使用的植物品种的植物进行处理。植物品种被理解为具有新性质(“特性”)且已经通过常规育种、通过诱变或通过重组DNA技术获得的植物。它们可以是品种、变种、生物型或基因型。
根据本发明的处理方法可用于处理遗传修饰的生物体(GMO),例如植物或种子。遗传修饰的植物(或转基因植物)是异源基因已经稳定整合到基因组中的植物。表述“异源基因”本质上表示这样一种基因,该基因在植物外部提供或组装,并且当该基因被引入核基因组、叶绿体基因组或线粒体基因组中时,其通过表达感兴趣的蛋白质或多肽、或者通过减量调节植物中存在的其它基因(诸基因)或使这些基因(诸基因)沉默(使用例如反义技术、共抑制技术、RNA干扰- RNAi - 技术或微小RNA - miRNA - 技术),提供具有新的或改进的农学性质或其它性质的转化植物。位于基因组中的异源基因也称为转基因。通过其在植物基因组中的特定位置定义的转基因称为转化或转基因事件。
优选根据本发明处理的植物和植物品种包括所有具有遗传物质的植物,这些遗传物质赋予这些植物特别有利且有用的性质(无论是通过育种和/或生物技术手段获得的)。
也优选根据本发明处理的植物和植物品种能抵抗一种或多种生物胁迫,即所述植物对动物和微生物害虫表现出更佳的防御性,例如抵抗线虫、昆虫、螨、植物病原性真菌、细菌、病毒和/或类病毒。
也可以根据本发明处理的植物和植物品种是对一种或多种非生物胁迫具有抵抗性的那些植物。非生物胁迫情况可包括例如干旱、冷温暴露、热暴露、渗透性胁迫、水灾、增加的土壤盐渍度、增加的矿物暴露、臭氧暴露、高光暴露、氮营养成分的有限利用率、磷营养成分的有限利用率、蔽阴。
也可以根据本发明处理的植物和植物品种是具有增加的产量特征的那些植物。所述植物的产量提高的原因可能是例如改进的植物生理学、生长和发育,例如水利用效率、水保持效率、改进的氮利用、增强的碳同化作用、改进的光合作用、提高的发芽效率和加快的成熟。产量还可能受到植物结构改进(在胁迫和非胁迫条件下)的影响,所述植物结构改进包括、但不限于早期开花、对杂交种子生产的开花控制、幼苗活力、植物尺寸、节间数目和距离、根生长、种子尺寸、果实尺寸、豆荚尺寸、豆荚或穗数目、每豆荚或穗的种子数目、种子质量、增加的种子灌浆(filling)、减小的种子散布、减小的豆荚开裂和抗倒伏性。其它产量特征包括种子组成,例如碳水化合物含量和组成例如棉花或淀粉、蛋白质含量、油含量和组成、营养价值、抗营养化合物的减少、改进的加工性和更佳的储存稳定性。
可根据本发明处理的植物是已经表现出杂种优势或杂交活力特征并由此通常产生更佳的产量、活力、健康状况和对生物和非生物胁迫的抗性的杂交植物。
可根据本发明处理的植物或植物品种(通过植物生物技术方法如基因工程得到)是耐受除草剂的植物,即能耐受一种或多种给定的除草剂的植物。这种植物可通过遗传转化或通过选择含赋予这种除草剂耐受性的突变的植物来获得。
也可根据本发明处理的植物或植物品种(通过植物生物技术方法如基因工程得到)是具有昆虫抗性的转基因植物,即对某些目标昆虫的攻击具有抗性的植物。这类植物可通过遗传转化或通过选择含有赋予这种昆虫抗性的突变的植物来获得。
也可根据本发明处理的植物或植物品种(通过植物生物技术方法如基因工程得到)对非生物胁迫具有耐受性。这类植物可通过遗传转化或通过选择含有赋予这种抗胁迫性的突变的植物来获得。
也可根据本发明处理的植物或植物品种(通过植物生物技术方法如基因工程得到)表现出收获产品数量、品质和/或储存稳定性的改变,和/或收获产品特定成分的性质改变。
也可根据本发明处理的植物或植物品种(可通过植物生物技术方法如基因工程得到)是具有改变的纤维特征的植物,如棉树。这类植物可通过遗传转化或通过选择含有赋予这种改变的纤维特征的突变的植物来获得。
也可根据本发明处理的植物或植物品种(可通过植物生物技术方法如基因工程得到)是具有改变的油分布(oil profile)特征的植物,例如芸苔(oilseed rape)或相关的芸苔属植物。这类植物可通过遗传转化或通过选择含有赋予这种改变的油分布特征的突变的植物来获得。
也可以根据本发明处理的植物或植物品种(可通过植物生物技术方法如基因工程得到)是具有改变的种子落粒特征的植物,例如芸苔或相关的芸苔属植物。这类植物可通过遗传转化或通过选择含有赋予这种改变的种子落粒特征的突变的植物来获得,并包括诸如具有延迟的或降低的种子落粒的芸苔植物等植物。
也可根据本发明处理的植物或植物品种(可通过植物生物技术方法如基因工程得到)是具有改变的翻译后蛋白修饰模式的植物,诸如烟草植物。
施用率
当使用式(I)的化合物作为杀真菌剂时,施用率可在相对宽的范围内变化,这取决于施用的类型。本发明的活性成分的施用率为:
●处理植物部分例如叶子时:0.1-10 000克/公顷,优选地10-1000克/公顷,更优选地20-200克/公顷(当以浇灌或滴灌的方式施用时,甚至可以降低施用率,特别是当使用惰性基质如石棉或珍珠岩时);
●处理种子时:0.1-200 g/100 kg种子,优选地1-150 g/100 kg种子,更优选地2.5-25g/100 kg种子,甚至更优选地2.5-12.5 g/100 kg种子;
●处理土壤时:0.1-10 000克/公顷,优选地1-5000克/公顷。
为了本发明的目的,提及这些施用率仅是作为示例性的,而非限定性的。
可以根据本发明以特别有利的方式用通式(I)的化合物和/或根据本发明的活性化合物混合物处理列出的植物。上面关于活性化合物或混合物阐述的优选范围也适用于这些植物的处理。特别强调的是用本文中具体提到的化合物或混合物处理植物。
根据本发明的活性化合物的制备和应用意图从下述实施例更充分地解释,但是,不限于这些。
制备实施例
本发明的式(I)的活性成分的制备和应用由下述实施例举例说明。但是,本发明不限于这些实施例。
一般注解:除非另外说明,否则所有色谱纯化和分离步骤在硅胶上并使用从0:100乙酸乙酯/环己烷至100:0乙酸乙酯/环己烷的溶剂梯度进行。
式(I-02)的化合物的制备
步骤1
1-氯-5-(二氟甲基)-2-甲基-4-硝基苯
在0℃向3.0 g (15.03 mmol, 1.0当量) 5-氯-4-甲基-2-硝基苯甲醛在50 ml CHCl3中的溶液中加入2.42 g (30.06 mmol, 2.0当量)二乙基氨基三氟化硫(DAST),并将反应混合物在室温搅拌12小时。结束以后,将反应混合物用碳酸钠溶液稀释,并用CHCl3萃取。将有机层用盐水溶液洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥并在减压下除去溶剂。将粗产物经硅胶柱色谱法(100-200目, 溶剂5%乙酸乙酯/石油醚)纯化,得到2.0 g 1-氯-5-(二氟甲基)-2-甲基-4-硝基苯。
步骤2
1-(二氟甲基)-5-(2-氟苯氧基)-4-甲基-2-硝基苯(VI-02)
在室温向500 mg (2.256 mmol, 1.0当量) 1-氯-5-(二氟甲基)-2-甲基-4-硝基苯在5ml DMF中的搅拌溶液中,加入278 mg (2.48 mmol, 1.1当量) 2-氟苯酚、935 mg (6.769mmol, 3.0当量),并将反应混合物加热至90℃保持12小时。反应结束以后,将混合物用水稀释,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水溶液洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥并在减压下除去溶剂。将粗制物质经硅胶柱色谱法(100-200目, 溶剂5%乙酸乙酯/石油醚)纯化,得到300mg 1-(二氟甲基)-5-(2-氟苯氧基)-4-甲基-2-硝基苯。
步骤3
2-(二氟甲基)-4-(2-氟苯氧基)-5-甲基苯胺(VIII-02)
在室温向300 mg (1.01 mmol, 1.0当量) 1-(二氟甲基)-5-(2-氟苯氧基)-4-甲基-2-硝基苯在EtOH (15 ml)中的溶液中加入30 mg Pd/C,并将混合物在氢气球压力下在室温搅拌12小时。结束以后,将混合物过滤,用乙酸乙酯稀释,并用水萃取。将合并的有机相用盐水溶液洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥并在减压下除去溶剂,产生250 mg粗产物,将其不经进一步纯化地用在下一步中。
步骤4
N'-[2-(二氟甲基)-4-(2-氟苯氧基)-5-甲基苯基]-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺(I-02)
将250 mg (0.94 mmol, 1.0当量) 2-(二氟甲基)-4-(2-氟苯氧基)-5-甲基苯胺在5ml原甲酸三乙酯中的搅拌溶液加热至120℃保持1小时。将反应混合物冷却至室温,随后加入在15 ml二氯甲烷中的1.25 ml N-甲基乙胺和催化量的对甲苯磺酸。将混合物加热至55℃保持2小时。反应结束以后,将它用水稀释,并用DCM萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水溶液洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥并在减压下除去溶剂。将粗产物经硅胶柱色谱法(100-200目, 15%乙酸乙酯/石油醚)纯化,得到100 mg N'-[2-(二氟甲基)-4-(2-氟苯氧基)-5-甲基苯基]-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺。
式(I-04)的化合物的制备
步骤1
4-溴-2-(2-氯苯氧基)-1-甲基-5-硝基苯(VI-04)
将500 mg (2.14 mmol) 1-溴-5-氟-4-甲基-2-硝基苯和591 mg (4.27 mmol)碳酸钾悬浮于10 ml干燥DMF中并加热至90℃。向该溶液中历时1 h逐滴加入275 mg (2.14 mmol)2-氯苯酚在10 ml干燥DMF中的溶液。该反应在2.5 h以后结束。将混合物在减压下浓缩,随后加入水并过滤产物,得到655 mg (80.5%)作为黄色固体的4-溴-2-(2-氯苯氧基)-1-甲基-5-硝基苯。
步骤2
2-溴-4-(2-氯苯氧基)-5-甲基苯胺(VIII-04)
将655 mg (1.9 mmol) 4-溴-2-(2-氯苯氧基)-1-甲基-5-硝基苯溶解在10 ml EtOH中,随后加入2.2 g (9.6 mmol)二水合二氯化锡(SnCl2*2 H2O)。将混合物回流1 h,冷却至室温,随后加入冰,并通过缓慢加入碳酸钠将pH调至10。将水相用乙酸乙酯萃取,将有机相经MgSO4干燥,然后在真空中浓缩,并将粗产物经由Combiflash (40 g硅胶, 梯度环己烷/乙酸乙酯)色谱分离。得到345 mg 2-溴-4-(2-氯苯氧基)-5-甲基苯胺。
步骤3
N'-[2-溴-4-(2-氯苯氧基)-5-甲基苯基]-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺(I-04)
将345 mg (1.1 mmol) 2-溴-4-(2-氯苯氧基)-5-甲基苯胺和191 mg (1.4 mmol) N-(二甲氧基甲基)-N-甲基乙胺溶解在10 ml干燥甲苯中并在80℃加热12 h。将混合物冷却至室温,在减压下浓缩,并通过色谱法经由Combiflash (12 g硅胶, 溶剂: 梯度环己烷/乙酸乙酯)纯化,产生281 mg N'-[2-溴-4-(2-氯苯氧基)-5-甲基苯基]-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺。
实施例
根据EEC指导性79/831附件V.A8,通过反相柱上的HPLC (高效液相色谱法)用下述方法执行LogP值的测量:
[a]在酸性范围中,用0.1%甲酸在水和乙腈中的溶液作为洗脱液(从10%乙腈至95%乙腈的线性梯度),通过测量LC-UV,确定LogP值。
[b]在中性范围中,用0.001摩尔的乙酸铵在水和乙腈中的溶液作为洗脱液(从10%乙腈至95%乙腈的线性梯度),通过测量LC-UV,确定LogP值。
用具有已知LogP值的直链烷烃-2-酮(具有3-16个碳原子)进行校准(LogP值的测量使用具有在连续烷酮之间的线性插值的保留时间)。使用200 nm至400 nm的紫外光谱和色谱信号的峰值,确定λ-max-值。
NMR-峰值列表
以1H-NMR-峰值列表的形式书写选择的实施例的1H-NMR数据。对于每个信号峰,列出了以ppm为单位的δ-值和在圆括号中的信号强度。在δ-值-信号强度对之间是作为定界符的分号。
因此,一个实施例的峰值列表具有形式:
δ1 (强度1);δ2 (强度2);……..;δi (强度i);……;δn (强度n)
尖锐信号的强度与打印的NMR谱实施例中的以cm计的信号高度有关,并且显示信号强度的真实关联。可以显示来自宽信号的几个峰或信号的中部以及它们与谱中最强信号相比的相对强度。
为了校准1H谱的化学位移,我们使用四甲基硅烷和/或使用的溶剂的化学位移,特别是就在DMSO中测量的谱而言。因此,在NMR峰值列表中,四甲基硅烷峰可以、但不一定出现。
1H-NMR峰值列表与经典的1H-NMR打印谱相似,因此通常含有在在经典NMR-分析(NMR-interpretation)处列出的所有峰。
此外,它们可以象经典的1H-NMR打印谱一样显示溶剂、目标化合物的立体异构体的信号和/或杂质的峰,所述目标化合物的立体异构体也是本发明的主题。
为了在溶剂和/或水的δ-范围内显示化合物信号,常见溶剂峰,例如在DMSO-D6中的DMSO的峰和水的峰在我们的1H-NMR峰值列表中示出,并且通常平均而言具有高强度。
目标化合物的立体异构体的峰和/或杂质的峰通常平均而言具有比目标化合物的峰更低的强度(例如具有>90%的纯度)。
这样的立体异构体和/或杂质对于特定的制备方法可能是典型的。因此,它们的峰通过“副产物指纹”可以帮助识别我们的制备方法的再现。
根据需要,使用已知方法(MestreC,ACD-模拟,但还使用经验评价的预期值)计算目标化合物峰的专家可以分离目标化合物的峰,其中任选地使用另外的强度过滤器。该分离与在经典1H-NMR分析处的相关峰挑选相似。
关于峰值列表的NMR-数据描述的其它细节,参见Research Disclosure DatabaseNumber 564025的出版物“在专利申请内的NMR峰值列表数据的引用(Citation of NMRPeaklist Data within Patent Applications)”。
稳定性数据实施例
在均匀水溶液中对水解的稳定性-水解稳定性试验
在现有技术中描述的苯基脒对水解的化学稳定性是好的,但是改善的稳定性在大规模制备和配制过程中可以是一个优点。通过如下所述的水解稳定性试验证实了改善的对水解的稳定性:
为了制备用于水解稳定性试验的活性化合物的合适制品,制备了活性化合物在乙腈中的1000 ppm储备溶液(1 mg/mL)。将3个100µL的等分试样移入HPLC小瓶中并用750µL乙腈稀释。在每个小瓶中,加入850µL适当的缓冲溶液(pH4, pH7和pH9, CertiPUR, Fa. Merck)。将含有缓冲液的HPLC小瓶在加热的样品托盘中在50℃温育24小时。在8个时间点t: 0 min、140 min、350 min、560 min、770 min、980 min、1190 min、1400 min,通过HPLC (在210nm的UV-峰面积)分析活性化合物的量A。使用下述方程式(假设一阶降解)通过线性回归计算每种活性化合物的半衰期(T½):
在表III中,显示了化合物(I-01)、(I-02)、(I-03)和(I-04)在不同pH-值的水解稳定性试验的结果。考虑到本领域已知的苯基脒,为了证实改善的对水解的稳定性,将结果与从WO2008/110313已知的化合物编号1和从WO2008/110278已知的化合物编号337进行了对比。数据证实,根据本发明的化合物实际上表现出对水解的更高稳定性。与已知的脒相比该增加的稳定性在大规模制备和配制过程中将是有利的。所述数据应当仅仅视作示例,且对于本发明的目的而言不是限制性的。
对光解的稳定性-光解稳定性试验
在现有技术中描述的苯基脒对光解的稳定性是好的,但是改善的对光解的稳定性可能是一个优点,因为当通过叶面施用应用于植物时它可以提供更长的持久效力。通过如下所述的水解稳定性试验证实了改善的对光解的稳定性:为了制备用于光解稳定性试验的活性化合物的合适制品,制备了活性化合物在乙腈中的1000 ppm储备溶液(1 mg/mL)。将25µL该储备溶液的等分试样移入Bio-one微孔滴定板(MTP) UVStar 96 (Fa. Greiner, Art. 编号 655801)的3个孔中。将MTP在暗处干燥过夜,并然后用紫外光照射装置SUNTEST XLS+ 或SUNTEST CPS (Fa. Atlas)在30℃和480W/m2照射。在5个时间点t: 0h、2h、4h、6h、24h,使用下述方法通过HPLC (在210nm的UV-峰面积)分析活性化合物的量A:将200µL乙腈加入MTP的各个孔中,并用Bio-one密封箔viewseal 80/140mm (Fa. Greiner, Art. 编号 676070)密封MTP。将MTP声处理3分钟并通过HPLC进行分析。使用下述方程式(假设一阶降解)通过线性回归计算每种活性化合物的半衰期(T½):
在表IV中,显示了化合物(I-01)、(I-02)、(I-03)和(I-04)的光解稳定性试验的结果。考虑到本领域已知的苯基脒,为了证实改善的对光解的稳定性,将结果与从WO2008/110313已知的化合物编号1进行了对比。数据证实,根据本发明的化合物实际上表现出对光解的更高化学稳定性。与已知的脒相比该增加的对光解的化学稳定性将是有利的,因为当通过叶面施用应用于植物时它将提供更长的持久效力。所述数据应当仅仅视作示例,且对于本发明的目的而言不是限制性的。
使用大豆植物的植物相容性试验
溶剂:24.5重量份的丙酮
24.5重量份的二甲基乙酰胺
乳化剂:1重量份的烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为了制备合适的活性化合物制剂,将1重量份的活性化合物与所述量的溶剂和乳化剂混合,并将浓缩物用水稀释至所需的浓度。以给定的施用率给幼小植物喷雾活性化合物的制剂。然后将所述植物放入大约21℃且相对大气湿度为大约80%的温室中。试验在施用以后6天进行评价,且包含植物损伤如叶变形、萎黄病、坏死、芽损伤或生长迟缓。结果总结在表V中。0%是指没有观察到损伤,而100%是指植物被完全损伤。
表V:大豆植物相容性
应用实施例
实施例:对隐匿柄锈菌(Puccinia recondita)的体内预防试验(小麦上的褐锈病)
溶剂:5体积%的二甲亚砜
10体积%的丙酮
乳化剂:1µl的Tween®80 /mg活性成分
将活性成分在二甲亚砜/丙酮//Tween®80的混合物中溶解和均质化,并然后在水中稀释至所需浓度。
通过将如上所述制备的活性成分喷雾,处理小麦的幼小植物。对照植物仅用丙酮/二甲亚砜/Tween®80的水溶液的处理。
24小时以后,通过用隐匿柄锈菌孢子的水性悬浮液给叶子喷雾,将所述植物污染。将被污染的小麦植物在20℃和在100%相对湿度温育24小时,并然后在20℃和在70-80%相对湿度温育10天。
接种11天之后,评价试验。0%是指与对照植物相当的效力,而100%的效力是指没有观察到疾病。
在该试验中,根据本发明的下述化合物在500 ppm的活性成分浓度表现出至少70%的效力:I-01;I-02;I-03;I-04。
实施例:对圆核腔菌(Pyrenophora teres)的体内预防试验(大麦上的网斑病)
溶剂:5体积%的二甲亚砜
10体积%的丙酮
乳化剂:1µl的Tween®80 /mg活性成分
将活性成分在二甲亚砜/丙酮//Tween®80的混合物中溶解和均质化,并然后在水中稀释至所需浓度。
通过将如上所述制备的活性成分喷雾,处理大麦的幼小植物。对照植物仅用丙酮/二甲亚砜/Tween®80的水溶液的处理。
24小时以后,通过用圆核腔菌孢子的水性悬浮液给叶子喷雾,将所述植物污染。将受污染的大麦植物在20℃和在100%相对湿度温育48小时,并然后在20℃和在70-80%相对湿度温育12天。
接种14天之后,评价试验。0%是指与对照植物相当的效力,而100%的效力是指没有观察到疾病。
在该试验中,根据本发明的下述化合物在500 ppm的活性成分浓度表现出至少70%的效力:I-01;I-03;I-04。
实施例:对小麦壳针孢(Septoria tritici)的体内预防试验(小麦上的叶斑病)
溶剂:5体积%的二甲亚砜
10体积%的丙酮
乳化剂:1µl的Tween®80 /mg活性成分
将活性成分在二甲亚砜/丙酮//Tween®80的混合物中溶解和均质化,并然后在水中稀释至所需浓度。
通过将如上所述制备的活性成分喷雾,处理小麦的幼小植物。对照植物仅用丙酮/二甲亚砜/Tween®80的水溶液的处理。
24小时以后,通过用小麦壳针孢孢子的水性悬浮液给叶子喷雾,将所述植物污染。将受污染的小麦植物在18℃和在100%相对湿度温育72小时,并然后在20℃和在90%相对湿度温育21天。
接种24天之后,评价试验。0%是指与对照植物相当的效力,而100%的效力是指没有观察到疾病。
在该试验中,根据本发明的下述化合物在500 ppm的活性成分浓度表现出至少70%的效力:I-01;I-02;I-04
实施例:对黄瓜白粉病菌(Sphaerotheca fuliginea)的体内预防试验(黄瓜上的白粉
病)
溶剂:5体积%的二甲亚砜
10体积%的丙酮
乳化剂:1µl的Tween®80 /mg活性成分
将活性成分在二甲亚砜/丙酮//Tween®80的混合物中溶解和均质化,并然后在水中稀释至所需浓度。
通过将如上所述制备的活性成分喷雾,处理小黄瓜(gherkin)的幼小植物。对照植物仅用丙酮/二甲亚砜/Tween®80的水溶液的处理。
24小时以后,通过用黄瓜白粉病菌孢子的水性悬浮液给叶子喷雾,将所述植物污染。将受污染的小黄瓜植物在18℃和在100%相对湿度温育72小时,并然后在20℃和在70-80%相对湿度温育12天。
接种15天之后,评价试验。0%是指与对照植物相当的效力,而100%的效力是指没有观察到疾病。
在该试验中,根据本发明的下述化合物在500 ppm的活性成分浓度表现出至少70%的效力: I-01; I-02; I-03; I-04。
实施例:对疣顶单胞锈菌(Uromyces appendiculatus)的体内预防试验(菜豆锈
病)
溶剂:5体积%的二甲亚砜
10体积%的丙酮
乳化剂:1µl的Tween®80 /mg活性成分
将活性成分在二甲亚砜/丙酮//Tween®80的混合物中溶解和均质化,并然后在水中稀释至所需浓度。
通过将如上所述制备的活性成分喷雾,处理菜豆的幼小植物。对照植物仅用丙酮/二甲亚砜/Tween®80的水溶液的处理。
24小时以后,通过用疣顶单胞锈菌孢子的水性悬浮液给叶子喷雾,将所述植物污染。将受污染的菜豆植物在20℃和在100%相对湿度温育24小时,并然后在20℃和在70-80%相对湿度温育10天。
接种11天之后,评价试验。0%是指与对照植物相当的效力,而100%的效力是指没有观察到疾病。
在该试验中,根据本发明的下述化合物在500 ppm的活性成分浓度表现出至少70%的效力:I-01;I-02;I-03;I-04
实施例:对层锈菌属(Phakopsora)的体内预防试验(大豆)
溶剂:24.5重量份的丙酮
24.5重量份的二甲基乙酰胺
乳化剂:1重量份的烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为了制备合适的活性化合物制剂,将1重量份的活性化合物与所述量的溶剂和乳化剂混合,并将浓缩物用水稀释至所需的浓度。
为了检验预防活性,以所述的施用率给幼小植物喷雾活性化合物的制剂。喷涂层变干后,给所述植物接种大豆锈病的致病菌(豆薯层锈菌)的孢子水悬液,并在大约24℃且相对大气湿度为95%的培养箱中避光放置24h。
以12h的白天/夜晚间隔,将植物保留在大约24℃且相对大气湿度为大约80%的培养箱中。
接种7天之后,评价试验。0%是指与未经处理的对照相当的效力,而100%的效力是指没有观察到疾病。
在该试验中,根据本发明的下述化合物在10 ppm的活性成分浓度表现出至少70%的效力:I-02;I-03;I-04。
在该试验中,根据本发明的下述化合物在100 ppm的活性成分浓度表现出至少70%的效力:I-01。
Claims (15)
1.通式(I)的苯氧基苯基脒或它们的盐、N-氧化物、金属络合物和它们的立体异构体
其中
R1选自卤素和卤代甲基;
R2是甲基;
R3是卤素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中
R1选自氟、氯、溴、二氯甲基、三氯甲基、氟甲基、二氟甲基和三氟甲基;
R2是甲基;
R3选自溴、氯和氟。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的化合物,其中
R1选自氯、溴、二氟甲基和三氟甲基;
R2是甲基;
R3是氟和氯。
4.在权利要求1-3中的任一项中要求保护的苯氧基苯基脒,其选自:N'-[2-氯-4-(2-氟苯氧基)-5-甲基苯基]-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺, N'-[2-(二氟甲基)-4-(2-氟苯氧基)-5-甲基苯基]-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺, N'-[2-溴-4-(2-氟苯氧基)-5-甲基苯基]-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺, N'-[2-溴-4-(2-氯苯氧基)-5-甲基苯基]-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺, N'-[2-氯-4-(2-氯苯氧基)-5-甲基苯基]-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺, N'-[2-氯-4-(2-碘苯氧基)-5-甲基苯基]-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺, N'-[2-溴-4-(2-溴苯氧基)-5-甲基苯基]-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺。
5.一种用于制备在权利要求1-4中的任一项中要求保护的苯氧基苯基脒的方法,所述方法包括下述步骤(a)至(j)中的至少一个:
(a) 根据以下反应方案使式(III)的硝基苯衍生物与式(II)的苯酚衍生物反应:
(b) 根据以下反应方案使式(V)的硝基苯酚衍生物与式(IV)的苯基衍生物反应:
(c) 根据以下反应方案使式(VII)的苯胺与苯酚(II)反应:
(d) 根据以下反应方案使式(XII)的氨基苯酚与式(IV)的苯基衍生物反应:
(e) 根据以下反应方案将式(VI)的硝基苯氧基醚还原成式(VIII)的氨基苯基醚:
(f) 根据以下反应方案使式(VIII)的氨基苯基醚与以下物质反应:
(i) 式(XIII)的氨基缩醛或者
(ii) 式(XIV)的N-乙基-N-甲基甲酰胺或者
(iv) 在有式(XVI)的原酸酯存在下式(XV)的N-甲基乙胺;
(g) 根据以下反应方案使式(XII)的氨基苯酚与以下物质反应:
(i) 式(XIII)的氨基缩醛或者
(ii) 式(XIV)的N-乙基-N-甲基甲酰胺或者
(iv) 在有式(XVI)的原酸酯存在下式(XV)的N-甲基乙胺;
(h) 根据以下反应方案使式(VII)的苯胺与以下物质反应:
(i) 式(XIII)的氨基缩醛或者
(ii) 式(XIV)的N-乙基-N-甲基甲酰胺或者
(iii) 在有式(XVI)的原酸酯存在下式(XV)的N-甲基乙胺;
(i) 根据以下反应方案使式(XI)的脒与式(II)的苯酚衍生物反应:
(j) 根据以下反应方案使式(XI)的脒与式(IV)的苯基衍生物反应:
其中在以上方案中
Z是离去基团;
R1至R3 具有如在权利要求1中的含义;
R6和R7彼此独立地选自C1-12-烷基、C2-12-烯基、C2-12-炔基或C5-18-芳基或C7-19-芳基烷基,且与它们所连接的原子一起可以形成5、6或7元环;
R8至R10彼此独立地选自C1-12-烷基、C2-12-烯基、C2-12-炔基或C5-18-芳基或C7-19-芳基烷基、C7-19-烷基芳基基团,且在每种情况下R8与R9、R9与R10或R8与R10与它们所连接的原子一起且如果合适的话与其它碳、氮、氧或硫原子一起可以形成5、6或7元环。
6.式(VI)的硝基苯基醚
其中
R1选自卤素和卤代甲基;
R2是甲基;
R3是卤素。
7.式(VIII)的氨基苯基醚
其中
R1选自卤素和卤代甲基;
R2是甲基;
R3是卤素。
8.用于控制不希望的微生物的农业化学制剂,其包含至少一种在权利要求1-4中的任一项中要求保护的苯氧基苯基脒。
9.在权利要求1-4中的任一项中要求保护的苯氧基苯基脒或在权利要求8中要求保护的农业化学制剂用于控制不希望的微生物的用途。
10.一种用于控制不希望的微生物的方法,其特征在于,将在权利要求1-4中的任一项中要求保护的被取代的苯氧基苯基脒或在权利要求8中要求保护的农业化学制剂施用于所述微生物和/或它们的生境。
11.用至少一种在权利要求1-4中的任一项中要求保护的苯氧基苯基脒处理过的种子。
12.在权利要求1-4中的任一项中要求保护的苯氧基苯基脒用于处理种子的用途。
13.在权利要求1-4中的任一项中要求保护的苯氧基苯基脒用于处理转基因植物的用途。
14.在权利要求1-4中的任一项中要求保护的苯氧基苯基脒用于处理转基因植物的种子的用途。
15.一种通过使用用至少一种在权利要求1-4中的任一项中要求保护的苯氧基苯基脒处理过的种子保护种子免于受不希望的微生物侵害的方法。
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2016
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BR112017027189A2 (zh) | 2018-08-21 |
TW201710237A (zh) | 2017-03-16 |
JP2018522846A (ja) | 2018-08-16 |
WO2016202742A1 (en) | 2016-12-22 |
RS61217B1 (sr) | 2021-01-29 |
RU2018101137A3 (zh) | 2019-12-16 |
EP3307707B1 (en) | 2020-10-07 |
MX2017016363A (es) | 2018-03-02 |
DK3307707T3 (da) | 2020-12-21 |
AU2016279819B2 (en) | 2020-07-16 |
CN107848959B (zh) | 2021-07-27 |
HRP20202011T1 (hr) | 2021-04-02 |
RU2018101137A (ru) | 2019-07-15 |
RU2733511C2 (ru) | 2020-10-02 |
PL3307707T3 (pl) | 2021-04-19 |
PT3307707T (pt) | 2020-12-23 |
LT3307707T (lt) | 2021-01-11 |
UA123211C2 (uk) | 2021-03-03 |
AU2016279819A1 (en) | 2018-01-04 |
CA2989237A1 (en) | 2016-12-22 |
EP3307707A1 (en) | 2018-04-18 |
US20200068886A1 (en) | 2020-03-05 |
UY36730A (es) | 2016-12-30 |
ES2837098T3 (es) | 2021-06-29 |
SI3307707T1 (sl) | 2021-03-31 |
IL256078B (en) | 2020-07-30 |
HUE051950T2 (hu) | 2021-04-28 |
IL256078A (en) | 2018-01-31 |
BR112017027189B1 (pt) | 2021-10-26 |
BR112017027189B8 (pt) | 2021-12-14 |
US20180153167A1 (en) | 2018-06-07 |
US10506807B2 (en) | 2019-12-17 |
AR104995A1 (es) | 2017-08-30 |
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