CN107823720A - 球囊表面涂层 - Google Patents
球囊表面涂层 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107823720A CN107823720A CN201711177447.6A CN201711177447A CN107823720A CN 107823720 A CN107823720 A CN 107823720A CN 201711177447 A CN201711177447 A CN 201711177447A CN 107823720 A CN107823720 A CN 107823720A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- shellac
- foley
- activating agent
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 164
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 161
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 161
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 160
- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 159
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 158
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 133
- -1 shellac alkali salt Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229930012538 Paclitaxel Natural products 0.000 claims description 131
- 229960001592 paclitaxel Drugs 0.000 claims description 122
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 93
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
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- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
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- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- MHXCIKYXNYCMHY-AUSJPIAWSA-N (+)-lariciresinol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(C[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](OC2)C=2C=C(OC)C(O)=CC=2)CO)=C1 MHXCIKYXNYCMHY-AUSJPIAWSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- WMBWREPUVVBILR-WIYYLYMNSA-N (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-o-gallate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1CC2=C(O)C=C(C=C2O[C@@H]1C=1C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 WMBWREPUVVBILR-WIYYLYMNSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- FFDULTAFAQRACT-NYYYOYJKSA-N (-)-syringaresinol O,O'-bis(beta-D-glucoside) Chemical compound COC1=CC([C@H]2[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H](OC3)C=3C=C(OC)C(O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O4)O)=C(OC)C=3)CO2)=CC(OC)=C1O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O FFDULTAFAQRACT-NYYYOYJKSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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Abstract
本发明涉及球囊表面涂层。本发明涉及用活性剂和虫胶碱盐、优选虫胶铵盐涂覆的球囊导管。此外本发明涉及用药理学活性剂和虫胶水溶液对导管球囊涂覆的方法。
Description
本分案申请是基于申请号为201480001646.X,申请日为2014年5月1日,发明名称为“球囊表面涂层”的原始中国专利申请的分案申请。
描述
本发明涉及用活性剂和虫胶碱盐或优选虫胶铵盐涂覆的球囊导管。此外本发明涉及用药理学活性剂和虫胶水溶液对导管球囊涂覆的方法。
血管移植物、诸如支架的植入已经成为用于治疗狭窄的公认的外科手术介入。在这种情形中,所谓的再狭窄(复发的狭窄)、即血管再闭塞是频繁发生的并发症。文献中尚未找到术语再狭窄的确切定义。再狭窄最常使用的形态定义将再狭窄定义为在成功的PTA(经皮经腔血管成形术)之后血管直径减少比正常值低50%。所述定义描述了以经验为主确定的值及其血液动力学含义及相关的临床症状,缺乏科学背景。在实践中,患者中的临床恶化经常被认为是之前治疗过的血管段的再狭窄的发生的征状。
为避免此类问题,可使用没有任何支架的仅涂覆的导管球囊进行所谓的“生物支架”,即血管在狭窄部位通过涂覆的导管球囊膨胀而扩张,其中虽然导管球囊膨胀短时间,但充足量的药剂转移至血管壁以避免血管再收缩或再闭塞(由于血管扩张和活性剂的递送)。
目前,已知活性剂可以施加于带有多种基质-物质(包括物质、诸如类萜虫胶酸)的球囊导管。活性剂在球囊膨胀期间在狭窄处释放以渗透动脉壁区段,从而发挥它们对平滑肌细胞的抗增殖和抗炎作用以及抑制在血管腔的增殖。
细胞反应的抑制主要在开始的数天和数周期间优选通过抗增殖剂、免疫抑制剂和/或抗炎剂及它们的同样的活性衍生物/类似物和代谢产物完成。
国际专利申请WO 2004/028582 A1公开了多重折叠球囊,其尤其是在折叠内涂覆有药剂和造影剂的组合物。WO 2004/006976 A1中描述了一种用于对导管球囊喷雾涂覆的方法。
WO 2008/046641公开了用于植入物的涂层,没有提及包含虫胶和紫杉醇的组合的导管或导管球囊。因此WO 2008/046641涉及是尤其显示涂覆有1.0%/0.5%虫胶复合物的支架的活体外释放动力学的支架。已显示与释放药物慢得多的用虫胶和雷帕霉素涂覆的支架相比,仅用雷帕霉素涂覆的支架释放药物更有效。虫胶被认为可用于调节基于植入物、例如基于支架的化合物的释放动力学以减缓释放动力学(超过60天)。所述药物释放延迟对于导管球囊不利,与支架相比,导管球囊的主要目标是在尽可能短的时间范围内释放尽可能多的涂覆的药物。
EP2421572公开了导管球囊的涂覆方法,所述方法使用紫杉醇以及虫胶在适合的有机溶剂、诸如丙酮、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、甲醇、DMSO、THF、氯仿、二氯甲烷中的溶液。
出版物Circulation 2004,第110卷,810-814的作者证实用纯的紫杉醇涂覆的导管球囊不显示任何治疗作用。只有当紫杉醇与造影剂溶液组合时才获得治疗作用。是造影剂碘普胺的溶液。Cremers等,Clin.Res.Cardiol.,2008,97-增刊1得出了相同的观察结果。
因此,本发明的一个目的是以一定的方式将活性剂、尤其是优选的活性剂紫杉醇或西罗莫司施加于导管球囊上,从而产生出可与球囊均匀分离的、且可以有效转移至血管壁从而能实现活性剂的最佳生物利用度和与减少再狭窄相关的治疗效果的涂层。
所述目的通过独立权利要求的技术教导解决。本发明的其它有益实施方式将由附属权利要求、说明书、附图以及实施例得到。
令人惊讶地已发现包含具有活性剂和虫胶碱盐或优选的虫胶铵盐的涂层的导管球囊适合解决所述目的。
因此本发明涉及包含具有活性剂和水溶性虫胶盐、诸如虫胶碱盐或虫胶铵盐的涂层的导管球囊。在下文中,该具有活性剂和水溶性虫胶盐、诸如虫胶碱盐、优选虫胶铵盐的涂层被称为“Shellaqua”-涂层。优选的虫胶的水溶性盐是虫胶铵盐。术语“水溶性的”是指在水中在25℃至少30g/L、优选至少40g/L、优选至少50g/L、优选至少60g/L、优选至少70g/L、优选至少80g/L、优选至少90g/L的溶解度,且最优选在25℃至少100g/L的溶解度。因此术语“Shellaqua”是指包含以下或由以下组成的涂层:水溶性虫胶盐、尤其是虫胶的铵盐和活性剂、优选抗再狭窄剂且最优选紫杉醇或雷帕霉素。称为Shellaqua的涂层还可包含脂肪酸、优选不饱和的脂肪酸,但优选不包含任何其他成分,且尤其不包含合成聚合物。因此Shellaqua涂层优选由水溶性虫胶盐、尤其是虫胶的铵盐和抗再狭窄剂、优选紫杉醇或雷帕霉素组成,或者由水溶性虫胶盐、尤其是虫胶的铵盐和脂肪酸、优选不饱和的脂肪酸和抗再狭窄剂、优选紫杉醇或雷帕霉素组成。术语“铵”是指NH4 +。
本发明人可以证明与用活性剂和其酸形式的虫胶涂覆的导管球囊相比,使用具有本发明的“Shellaqua”-涂层的导管球囊在球囊膨胀期间增加转移的活性剂的量约10倍。而且这是首次在涂覆的导管球囊的展开后在血管壁中可以观测如此高浓度的活性剂紫杉醇。“Shellaqua”-涂层比其酸形式的虫胶明显更好得多地适于利于活性剂由导管球囊至血管壁的转移。
如本文使用的术语“碱盐”或“碱”是指碱金属或碱土金属元素的碱性的、离子盐。本文中还称为虫胶碱盐的水溶性虫胶盐可以是钾盐、铵盐、碱性氨基酸盐和/或其混合物。
虫胶是昆虫分泌的天然聚酯树脂紫胶的精制形式的泛称。紫胶(Lac)虫属于半翅目(Hemiptera),蚧(Coccoidea)总科,例如翠胶蚧属(Metatachardia)、虫胶虫属(Laccifer)、赤胶蚧属(Tachordiella)等,然而,胶蚧科(Lacciferidae)和Tachardinidae这两个科的成员在紫胶分泌方面更重要。商业培养的一种是虫胶蚧(Kerria lacca),也称为例如虫胶虫(Laccifer lacca Ker)、胶虫(Tachardia lacca)和介壳虫(Carterialacca)等同义词。虫胶蚧是一种印度介壳虫(Indian scale insect),其会侵染东印度群岛(East Indies)的众多树木(例如坚叔迦树(Butea frondos Rosch)、阿拉伯相思树(Acaciaarabica Willd)和菩提树(Ficus religiosa Linn))的树枝。断裂的树枝将作为树枝紫胶(stick lac)销售,并且在放到地上并用水洗涤以消除木材和红色色素(紫胶染料)后,获得粗紫胶(seed lac)。原料虫胶由70-80%树脂、4-8%染料、6-7%较硬的高光泽度成品蜡(hard and high gloss finished wax)、3%水、至多9%植物和动物杂质及芳香物质组成。纯化粗紫胶得到更为均质的产物,称为虫胶。虫胶的主要组分是紫胶酮酸(aleuriticacid)、壳脑醛酸(jalaric acid)和虫胶酸以及butolic acid和kerrolic acid。粗紫胶和橙色虫胶包含约5-6%的蜡和两种着色组分、水溶性虫胶酸和不溶于水的虫胶红素。
有关树脂分子的可能化学描述是在各情况下4分子壳脑醛酸或虫胶壳脑醛酸和紫胶酮酸通过酯键交替连接在一起的结构模型。
其化学组成大致恒定,但一些组分的量会随昆虫生长的宿主树木的性质而变化。通过在碱性水解下进行的坎尼扎罗型(Cannizzaro-type)歧化反应,由这些酸虫胶酸(shellolic acid)(IV)和衍生化合物实现合成。纯化的虫胶由两个主要组分组成。这些组分为9,10,16-三羟基棕榈酸(紫胶酮酸)CAS[53-387-9]和虫胶酸(IV)。
在总称虫胶下,多种类型或级别的虫胶是商购可得的。它们的性质和颜色取决于原料(粗紫胶),精制的方法和工艺参数。三种非常不同的方法用于将粗紫胶精制为虫胶(漂白、熔化和溶剂提取),得到具有不同特征和性质的产物。
通过漂白方法得到精制的漂白的或白色的虫胶:通过将粗紫胶溶于碱性水溶液中,然后过滤、脱蜡和并用次氯酸钠漂白以完全除去颜色。然而,分子结构的改变和氯取代基的加入可导致自交联和聚合。
在粗紫胶熔化后,将高粘度的熔融紫胶挤压通过过滤器,并拉为薄膜。一旦冷却,将该膜破碎为小薄片。不通过该方法除去虫胶蜡,且颜色取决于使用的粗紫胶的类型。
对于虫胶精制,溶剂提取是非常温和的过程。将粗紫胶溶于乙醇中,并通过过滤除去蜡和杂质。使用活性炭制备浅色等级。在进一步的过滤步骤、并除去乙醇后,将树脂拉为薄膜,冷却后将其破碎为小薄片。终产物的性质取决于使用的粗紫胶的类型,且受工艺参数和活性炭的级别影响。
以下为商品级虫胶:
-粗紫胶
-手工胶
-机器制虫胶
-PhEur 7欧洲药典第7版指定:漂白虫胶、漂白脱蜡虫胶、含蜡虫胶和脱蜡虫胶
-美国药典和美国药品集(USP-NF)指定:普通漂白虫胶、精制漂白虫胶、橙色虫胶和脱蜡橙色虫胶。
由于其低的水蒸气和氧渗透性,虫胶广泛用作片剂和微型药片的防潮层涂层。虫胶很久以前已用于药物和控制释放涂层。通常使用其他有机溶剂将其以醇溶液(药用釉料)或溶液形式施加。
虫胶,如同其他具有羧基的聚合物,不溶于水。其可溶于乙醇、甲醇,且部分可溶于乙醚、乙酸乙酯和氯仿中。然而,可制备虫胶的碱盐或铵盐水溶液。碱的选择和溶解的方法将影响膜的性质,就本发明而言优选铵。因此选择碳酸铵作为优选的碱。其他优选的实施方案涉及碳酸氢铵作为碱。碳酸氢铵(ammonium bicarbonate)也称为碳酸氢铵(ammoniumhydrogen carbonate)(NH4HCO3)。就本发明而言优选的水溶性虫胶盐是虫胶铵盐,其具有CAS编号[68308-35-0]。
一般具有以下几项与使用相关的缺点:
1.它们是可燃的和有毒的
2.它们的蒸气造成对涂覆设备操作者的危害
3.溶剂的高成本
4.制剂中的溶剂残留
虫胶的醇溶液或一般虫胶在有机溶剂中的溶液具有在涂覆过程期间一定程度的活性剂也蒸发的缺点,这使得其难以确保涂覆中活性剂的量始终如一。此外重复性更差。
已发现水性碱虫胶溶液、优选虫胶铵溶液(基于脱蜡橙色虫胶)不显示虫胶醇溶液所显示的问题,且甚至在长期存储后也具有非常稳定的释放特征。此外,它们可以其他水溶性聚合物、诸如HPMC、CMC、藻酸盐或改性淀粉组合、最后与增塑剂一起配制。
本发明还涉及以下类型的涂覆方法,其尤其适用于制备本发明的具有涂覆的球囊的球囊导管。
本发明的一种用于填充或涂覆球囊导管的方法包括以下步骤:
I)提供未涂覆的球囊导管;
和
IIA)提供活性剂和虫胶的水溶液;
或
IIB)提供活性剂的溶液并提供虫胶水溶液;
和
IIIA)用活性剂和虫胶的水溶液对球囊导管的球囊表面涂覆;
或
IIIB)用活性剂的溶液、随后用虫胶水溶液对球囊导管的球囊表面涂覆,或用虫胶水溶液、随后用活性剂的溶液对球囊导管的球囊表面涂覆;
IV)干燥涂覆的导管球囊。
因此优选使用碱盐的溶液、更优选铵盐的溶液制备虫胶水溶液或活性剂和虫胶的水溶液。本文使用的术语“未涂覆的”是指导管球囊具有光滑或结构化的或粗糙的表面,而不含任何药物涂层,即,球囊表面不包含医药活性剂,且尤其不含抗增殖药、抗血管生成药或抗再狭窄药并且没有包含抗增殖药、抗血管生成药或抗再狭窄药的涂层。当然涂覆步骤IIIA)和IIIB)可分别重复若干次,期间有或没有干燥步骤。
进一步优选所述方法在步骤D)之后还包括步骤D’:
D’)再次施加虫胶水溶液
当然在每次涂覆步骤之后可以进行干燥步骤,所以更详细的方法如下:
A)提供未涂覆的球囊导管;
和
B)提供活性剂的溶液并提供虫胶水溶液;
和
C)用虫胶水溶液对导管球囊的球囊表面涂覆,并干燥涂覆球囊表面;
和
D)施加活性剂的溶液,并干燥涂覆球囊表面
和随后
E)干燥涂覆的导管球囊。
因此优选活性剂的溶液也是水溶液。与含虫胶但不是碱性虫胶盐的涂层相比,水溶性虫胶盐、诸如或的虫胶水溶液的施加不仅避免了使用有机溶剂系统的问题,而且还通过稳定的溶出或各自的释放特征再次证明得到的涂层的效能(尤其是在延长的存储时间后),并得到改善的机械性能。本发明的使用虫胶盐、尤其是铵虫胶盐涂覆的球囊导管具有更不易碎的涂层,因此在展开期间更少的涂层颗粒碎裂开。在导管球囊放置期间更少的数量或颗粒的释放显然降低了微栓塞的风险。通过使用碱性虫胶盐代替虫胶本身增加了涂层的溶解度和递送速度。似乎这种溶解度的增加由作为碱性盐的虫胶的存在而不是通过溶剂引起。因此还可能使用虫胶的铵盐的水溶液,沉淀盐和活性剂,并在有机溶剂中溶解得到的小球,以涂覆导管球囊。如果使用的活性剂不溶于水溶液中,则优选该方法。
本发明的方法的一个方面包括提供导管球囊、且优选未涂覆的导管球囊或在其表面没有任何可释放的活性剂的导管球囊。然后制备活性剂的溶液和虫胶水溶液,并使用常规的涂覆方法、诸如喷雾涂覆、蘸浸涂覆等依次施加以在干燥步骤后在导管球囊的表面得到固体涂层。
本发明的方法的其他方面包括制备一种含活性剂和虫胶的水溶液。随后,使用常规的涂覆方法、如上文提及的方法将该溶液施加在导管球囊、优选未涂覆的导管球囊或在其表面没有任何可释放的活性剂的导管球囊的表面。虫胶包含羧基。其不溶于水,且其在较高的pH可溶,所以可能制备虫胶的碱盐或铵盐的水溶液。因此本文使用的术语“虫胶水溶液”总是指溶于无机碱的水溶液中的虫胶,如此得到虫胶碱盐。通过虫胶水溶液物理干燥,形成虫胶碱盐的膜,其中掺入至少一种活性剂。术语“无机碱”是指在水中呈碱性(pH>7.0)、且包含与虫胶形成水溶性盐的阳离子的物质。
水溶液易于操作,且能产生没有使用有机溶剂制备的膜的老化不稳定性的膜。因此使用虫胶水溶液得到的聚合物膜的效能通过甚至在延长存储时间后的稳定的溶出特征得到改善。
对于本发明适合的碱盐可选自碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠、氢氧化钙、碳酸氢钙和碳酸钙、碳酸氢钾、碳酸钾、氨、碳酸铵和碳酸氢铵。优选盐是碱盐溶液,是氨、碳酸铵或碳酸氢铵的溶液。所述溶液可通过将虫胶直接溶于碱溶液中来制备。例如将虫胶直接溶于碳酸铵溶液中,并将过量的氨作为NH3蒸发。或者,可采用即可使用的虫胶水溶液、如来自ChemaconGmbH的AQUALACCA或来自Stroever GmbH&Co.KG的SSB AQUAGOLD(基于虫胶SSB 57脱蜡橙色虫胶)。优选虫胶碱盐、优选虫胶铵盐的水溶液包含10-30%固体、更优选20-25%固体,且具有7-7.5的pH。根据DIN cup 4mm含虫胶碱盐的涂层溶液的粘度优选<25sec。
在本发明的一个涂覆方法中以活性剂的溶液透过虫胶碱盐层的方式进行步骤D。因此,浓度梯度出现。优选虫胶碱盐层应当不吸收活性剂的溶液至导管球囊的表面。这意指在导管球囊的表面直接留有底层涂层或区域(在无活性剂的虫胶碱盐层中)。因此,优选导管球囊具有仅由虫胶碱盐组成的底层涂层。活性剂的浓度随着离球囊表面的间距增加优选从0或几乎0增加至最大。在导管球囊的涂层中,在涂层的顶部上可以有一个由纯活性剂的组成的区域或层。
可以在室温或升高的温度、至多50℃、并在大气压或在减压至高真空下进行干燥步骤E)或IV)。所述干燥步骤还可在用虫胶水溶液对导管球囊的表面首次涂覆后及已经施加了活性剂层后进行。因此前期干燥步骤优选在室温和大气压进行,而优选在所述方法最后的涂覆步骤之后,干燥步骤强度更大,即更长时间或使用真空或使用升高的温度。
本发明的一个优选的填充或涂覆可膨胀的导管球囊的方法包括以下步骤:
IA)提供未涂覆的球囊导管;
和
IIA)提供活性剂和虫胶的水溶液;
和
IIIA)用活性剂和虫胶的水溶液对导管球囊的表面涂覆;
和
IV)干燥涂覆的导管球囊,
其中使用碱盐的溶液、更优选铵盐的溶液制备虫胶水溶液。
本发明的其他方面涉及对根据权利要求1的球囊导管涂覆的方法,其包括以下步骤:
IA)提供未涂覆的球囊导管;
和
IIA)提供活性剂和水溶性虫胶盐的水溶液;
或
IIB)提供活性剂的溶液并提供水溶性虫胶盐的水溶液;
和
IIIA)用活性剂和水溶性虫胶盐的水溶液对球囊导管的球囊表面涂覆;
或
IIIB)用活性剂的溶液、随后用水溶性虫胶盐的水溶液对球囊导管的球囊表面涂覆,或者用水溶性虫胶盐的水溶液、随后用活性剂的溶液对球囊导管的球囊表面涂覆;
IV)干燥涂覆的球囊,
其中使用虫胶的碱盐或铵盐制备水溶性虫胶盐的水溶液或活性剂和水溶性虫胶盐的水溶液。
虫胶的铵盐的溶液或水溶液优选为氨、碳酸铵或碳酸氢铵和虫胶的溶液。
本发明还包括填充或涂覆可膨胀的导管球囊的方法,其包括以下步骤:
IA)提供未涂覆的导管球囊;和
IIB)提供活性剂的溶液和虫胶水溶液;
和
IIIB)用活性剂的溶液、随后用虫胶水溶液对导管球囊的表面涂覆,或者用虫胶水溶液、随后用活性剂的溶液对导管球囊的表面涂覆;
IV)干燥涂覆的导管球囊。
其中使用碱盐的溶液、更优选铵盐的溶液制备活性剂和虫胶的水溶液。
本发明的涂覆方法可以任选地还包含步骤V):
V)对用活性剂和虫胶碱盐涂覆的导管球囊灭菌。
最优选用环氧乙烷进行灭菌。
此外本发明涉及含具有活性剂和虫胶碱盐的涂层和任选的底层涂层和/或顶层涂层的导管球囊。本文使用的术语“底层涂层”是指直接位于导管球囊的表面上的导管球囊的涂层层。该层是直接覆盖导管球囊材料的第一层。本文使用的术语“顶层”或“顶层涂层”是指覆盖含活性剂层的无活性剂的涂层层。
本发明的另一个实施方案涉及含“Shellaqua”-涂层的导管球囊,其中所述涂层包含活性剂的浓度梯度。因此活性剂的浓度梯度位于作为基质材料的虫胶碱盐层中。本文中该浓度梯度称为径向或垂直浓度梯度,因为活性剂的浓度由球囊表面至涂层的顶部或表面增加,或换言之,活性剂的浓度从涂层的顶部(其中浓度优选为90%重量至100%重量)至导管球囊的表面(其中活性剂的浓度优选为0%重量至10%重量)减少。
除该垂直浓度梯度外,还可以存在纵向或水平浓度梯度,使得活性剂的浓度从导管球囊的中间向导管球囊的远端和近端降低。因此本文使用的术语“垂直浓度梯度”或“径向浓度梯度”是指活性剂的浓度、特别是紫杉醇的浓度从涂层的顶部沿向球囊表面的方向降低。
用于本文的术语“梯度”是指浓度梯度。这意指在本发明的导管球囊的“Shellaqua”-涂层中活性剂、优选紫杉醇或西罗莫司在两个区域间的虫胶碱盐基质中的浓度是逐步不同的。优选该区域位于导管球囊的径向或垂直方向,活性剂、如紫杉醇或西罗莫司的最低浓度直接在导管球囊的表面上(在制备球囊的基质上),且最高浓度在涂层的顶端,这意指其在最后接触组织。例外的是包含纯活性剂顶层涂层的实施方案。优选最高浓度在含活性剂层的顶端,其意指其直接位于顶层涂层之下。进一步优选的是本发明的导管球囊具有超过一种梯度,这意指活性剂、优选紫杉醇在四个区域之间的虫胶中的浓度逐步不同。因此所述梯度的方向应当不同。尤其优选球囊涂层中在所述的径向梯度旁存的纵向或水平梯度,这意指纵向或水平梯度是径向梯度之外的浓度梯度。在此所述区域位于导管球囊的纵向,所以例如活性剂、如紫杉醇的最低浓度直接位于导管球囊的一端或两端(其中球囊结束,且导管或导管尖开始),且最高浓度在球囊中央。
本文使用的术语“纵向浓度梯度”或“水平浓度梯度”是指活性剂、尤其是紫杉醇的浓度从球囊表面中间或中间部分至导管球囊的近端以及远端下降。
优选导管球囊的涂层还在活性剂层之下包含作为第一层的虫胶的底层涂层。还优选的是导管球囊,其中所述涂层还包含虫胶或聚醚、尤其是聚乙二醇(PEG)的顶层涂层。如果球囊涂层中的活性剂是西罗莫司,则尤其优选聚醚的顶层涂层。
优选导管球囊,其中所述活性剂是抗增殖、免疫抑制、抗血管生成、抗炎和/或本文称为抗再狭窄剂的抗血栓形成药物。优选如果活性剂或抗再狭窄剂选自:
阿昔单抗、阿西美辛、乙酰基维司米通B、阿柔比星、腺苷蛋氨酸、阿霉素、七叶皂苷、阿夫罗摩辛、阿卡加林、阿地白介素、胺碘酮、胺鲁米特、安吖啶、阿那白滞素、阿那曲唑、白头翁素、anopterine、抗真菌剂、抗血栓剂、毒毛旋花甙元、阿加曲班、马兜铃酸内酰胺-AII、马兜铃酸、子囊霉素、天冬酰胺酶、阿司匹林、阿托伐他汀、金诺芬、咪唑硫嘌呤、阿奇霉素、浆果素、巴佛洛霉素、巴利昔单抗、苯达莫司汀、苯佐卡因、小檗碱、白桦脂醇、白桦脂酸、白果酚、双帕司诺定、博来霉素、康普瑞汀、乳香酸和其衍生物、鸦胆子酚A、B和C、落地生根毒素A、白消安、抗凝血酶、比伐卢定、钙粘附素、喜树碱、卡培他滨、邻氨甲酰基苯氧乙酸、卡铂、卡莫司汀、塞来昔布、千金藤素、西立伐他汀、胆固醇酯转运蛋白抑制剂、苯丁酸氮芥、磷酸氯喹、毒芹素、环丙沙星、顺铂、克拉屈滨、克拉霉素、秋水仙碱、吉他霉素、香豆定、C型利钠肽(CNP)、柘树异黄酮A、姜黄素、环磷酰胺、环孢素A、阿糖胞苷、达卡巴嗪、达利珠单抗、更生霉素、胺苯砜、柔红霉素、双氯芬酸、1,11-二甲氧基铁屎米-6-酮、多烯紫杉醇、多柔比星、道诺霉素、表柔比星、红霉素、雌莫司汀、依托泊苷、依维莫司、非格司亭、氟伯斯汀、氟伐他汀、氟达拉滨、氟达拉滨-5′-磷酸二氢盐、氟尿嘧啶、多叶霉素、磷雌酚、吉西他宾、加拉吉纳苷、银杏酚、银杏酸、糖苷1a,4-羟基环磷酰胺、伊达比星、异环磷酰胺、交沙霉素、拉帕醇、洛莫司汀、洛伐他汀、美法仑、麦迪霉素、米托蒽醌、尼莫司汀、匹伐他汀、普伐他汀、丙卡巴肼、丝裂霉素、氨甲蝶呤、巯嘌呤、硫鸟嘌呤、奥沙利铂、伊立替康、拓扑替康、羟基脲、米替福新、喷司他丁、培门冬酶、依西美坦、雷曲唑、福美坦、霉酚酸酯、β-拉帕醌、鬼臼毒素、鬼臼酸2-乙基酰肼、莫拉司亭(rhuGM-CSF)、聚乙二醇干扰素α-2b、来格司亭(r-HuG-CSF)、聚乙二醇、选择蛋白(细胞因子拮抗剂)、细胞分裂素抑制剂、环氧合酶-2抑制剂、血管抑肽、抑制肌细胞增殖的单克隆抗体、bFGF拮抗剂、普罗布考、前列腺素、1-羟基-11-甲氧基铁屎米-6-酮、东莨菪素、一氧化氮供体、季戊四醇四硝酸酯和斯德酮亚胺、S-亚硝基衍生物、他莫昔芬、星形孢菌素、β-雌二醇、α-雌二醇、雌三醇、雌酮、炔雌醇、甲羟孕酮、环戊丙酸雌二醇、苯甲酸雌二醇、曲尼司特、尾叶香茶菜丙素和其它用于癌症疗法的类萜、维拉帕米、酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(酪氨酸磷酸化抑制剂)、紫杉醇和其衍生物、6-α-羟基-紫杉醇、泰索帝、白蛋白结合型紫杉醇、如nap-紫杉醇、莫非布宗、氯那唑酸、利多卡因、酮洛芬、甲芬那酸、吡罗昔康、美洛昔康、青霉胺、羟基氯喹、金硫丁二钠、奥沙西罗、β-谷甾醇、麦替卡因、聚多卡醇、诺香草胺、左薄荷脑、玫瑰树碱、D-24851(Calbiochem)、秋水仙胺、细胞松驰素A-E、印丹诺辛、诺考达唑、杆菌肽、玻璃粘连蛋白受体拮抗剂、氮卓斯汀、鸟苷酸环化酶刺激剂、金属蛋白酶-1和金属蛋白酶-2的组织抑制剂、游离核酸、并入病毒传播者中的核酸、脱氧核糖核酸和核糖核酸片段、纤溶酶原活化因子抑制剂-1、纤溶酶原活化因子抑制剂-2、反义寡核苷酸、血管内皮生长因子抑制剂、胰岛素样生长因子1、抗生素群组中的活性剂、头孢羟胺苄、头孢唑林、头孢克洛、头孢噻肟、妥布霉素、庆大霉素、青霉素、双氯西林、苯唑西林、磺胺、甲硝唑、依诺肝素、肝素、水蛭素、D-苯丙氨酸-脯氨酸-精氨酸-氯甲酮、鱼精蛋白、尿激酶原、链激酶、华法林、尿激酶、血管扩张剂、双嘧达莫、曲匹地尔、硝普盐、血小板来源的生长因子拮抗剂、三唑并嘧啶、色拉敏、乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂、卡托普利、西拉普利、赖诺普利、依那普利、氯沙坦、硫蛋白酶抑制剂、前列环素、伐哌前列素、干扰素α、干扰素β和干扰素γ、组胺拮抗剂、血清素阻断剂、细胞凋亡抑制剂、细胞凋亡调控剂、卤夫酮、硝苯地平、生育酚、曲尼司特、吗多明、茶多酚、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、来氟米特、依那西普、柳氮磺吡啶、四环素、曲安西龙、突变霉素、普鲁卡因胺、视黄酸、奎尼丁、丙吡胺、氟卡尼、普罗帕酮、索他洛尔、天然和合成得到的类固醇,例如落地生根毒素A、桦褐孔菌醇、马奎桑苷A、加拉吉纳苷、曼松宁、鹊肾树苷、氢化可的松、倍他米松、地塞米松,非类固醇物质(NSAIDS)、非诺洛芬、布洛芬、吲哚美辛、萘普生、保泰松、抗病毒剂、阿昔洛韦、更昔洛韦、齐多夫定、克霉唑、氟胞嘧啶、灰黄霉素、酮康唑、咪康唑、制霉菌素、特比萘芬、抗原虫剂、氯喹、甲氟喹、奎宁、天然类萜、海马钙蛋白、玉蕊醇-C21-当归酸酯、14-脱氢大戟毒素、大戟素、大戟毒素、17-羟基大戟毒素、防风草内酯、4,7-氧基环防风草酸、类酒神菊素B1、B2、B3和B7、土贝母苷、抗痢鸦胆子苷C、鸦胆子苷N和P、异脱氧地胆草素、白花地胆草素A和B、姜花素A、B、C和D、熊果酸、西皮他可酸A、异-德国鸢尾醛、变叶美登木醇、香茶菜戊素A、香茶菜甲素和香茶菜乙素、长管香茶菜素B、黄花香茶菜丙素、卡米宝素、总序香茶菜A和B、13,18-脱氢-6-α-千里光酰氧基查普林、红豆杉素A和B、瑞吉罗尔、雷公藤甲素、磁麻苷、hydroxyanopterine、原白头翁素、氯化车立布素、千斤藤素A和B、二氢两面针碱、氯化两面针碱、12-β-羟基孕二烯-3,20-二酮、土木香灵、大尾摇碱、大尾摇碱-N-氧化物、毛果天芥菜碱、桦褐孔菌醇、鬼臼毒素、爵床脂素A和B、拉瑞汀、野桐碱、野桐色原烷醇、异丁酰基野桐色原烷醇、地钱A、美登素、莱克瑞欣、玛吉汀、水鬼蕉碱、鹅掌楸碱、氧化黄心树宁碱、杠柳苷A、脱氧普梭草素、九节木素、蓖麻毒素A、血根碱、满屋小麦酸、甲基珍珠梅苷、芸香科的色酮、斯替左普林、二氢乌撒巴任辛、羟基乌撒巴林、马线子碱五胺、马线子碱普林、乌撒巴林、乌撒巴任辛、鹅掌楸碱、西瑞香素、落叶松脂醇、甲氧基落叶松脂醇、丁香脂素、西罗莫司(雷帕霉素)、雷帕霉素衍生物、biolimus A9、吡美莫司、依维莫司、唑罗莫司、他克莫司、白蛋白结合型西罗莫司、如nap-西罗莫司、法舒地尔、埃坡霉素、生长抑素、罗红霉素、醋竹桃霉素、辛伐他汀、罗苏伐他汀、长春花碱、长春新碱、长春地辛、替尼泊苷、长春瑞宾、曲磷胺、曲奥舒凡、替莫唑胺、塞替派、维甲酸、螺旋霉素、伞形花内酯、脱乙酰基维司米通A、维司米通A和B、泽渥萜。
基本上可以使用任何活性剂以及多个活性剂的组合,然而,其中,优选紫杉醇和紫杉醇衍生物、紫杉烷类、多西他赛、白蛋白结合型紫杉醇、如nap-紫杉醇以及西罗莫司和作为例如biolimus A9的雷帕霉素衍生物、吡美莫司、依维莫司、唑罗莫司、他克莫司、白蛋白结合型西罗莫司、如nap-西罗莫司、法舒地尔和埃坡霉素、且特别优选的是紫杉醇和西罗莫司。优选使用西罗莫司,因为与紫杉醇相比,西罗莫司(亲水性大环内酯类抗生素)具有高度水溶性。尤其优选的是紫杉醇和雷帕霉素(即西罗莫司)。因此本文给出的所有范围和值和本文公开的所有的实施方案尤其与紫杉醇或西罗莫司相关,且应当首先以该方式解释。
因此本发明涉及包含具有作为活性剂的紫杉醇的“Shellaqua”-涂层的球囊导管。本发明的另一个实施方案涉及包含具有西罗莫司的“Shellaqua”-涂层的球囊导管。
令人惊讶地发现包含紫杉醇或西罗莫司的“Shellaqua”-涂层在治疗上对于保持血管畅通、减少晚期管腔丢失和减少再狭窄非常有用。与用醇溶液得到的涂层相比,由虫胶水溶液干燥后生成的膜更具弹性或更不易碎,从而实现活性剂至病变部位的最佳的转移。而且这使得血栓形成的风险降低。
活性剂、尤其是西罗莫司或紫杉醇,其自身不能保证成为再狭窄的最佳预防法。活性剂-洗脱导管球囊必须满足全面需求。除剂量确定之外,活性剂洗脱必须在短膨胀时间(约30秒)期间有效。活性剂洗脱不仅取决于活性剂的物理和化学性质,而且还取决于使用的基质的性质及基质和活性剂的相互作用。
本发明的球囊涂层确保至少一种抗增殖剂、免疫抑制剂、抗血管生成剂、抗炎剂和/或抗血栓形成剂、优选西罗莫司或紫杉醇在球囊膨胀期间直接并明确地释放至血管壁,因为涂层中的活性剂紧靠着涂层的表面。当接触血管壁时活性剂是直接和明确地更纯的和高度浓缩的。
临床益处是更纯的药物递送,得到动脉组织中的显著更高的生物利用度,具有更少的不期望的副作用。与由醇溶液制备的涂层相比,本发明的涂层粘性较低,所以至血管壁的转移更均匀,膨胀后在球囊上的残留更少。使用水溶性虫胶盐、诸如或能制备更均匀的涂层,这能使活性剂均匀转移并均匀释放至病变部位区域。该血管壁组织中的更高的药物浓度在治疗的狭窄(病变部位)部位向动脉腔提供了针对血管肌细胞转移和增殖的提升的功效。更有效地抑制新内膜增生。
用于球囊导管的材料均是常见材料,其中特别优选以下聚合物:聚酰胺类、聚酰胺、聚醚和聚脂的嵌段共聚物类、聚氨酯类、聚脂类和聚烯烃类。
本发明导管的导管球囊是可以膨胀或扩张的,且最优选是在不使用卷曲支架或使用卷曲支架状态下使用的血管成形术导管球囊。所有种类的常用支架,例如自扩式支架、非自扩式支架、金属支架、聚合物支架、生物可降解支架、分叉支架、未涂布(裸)支架、涂布聚合物的支架、药物释放涂布支架、具有纯活性剂涂层的支架等,都可用作支架。
此外,在进行本发明的涂覆程序之前,支架可卷曲在导管球囊上,由此“Shellaqua”-涂层将导管球囊与支架一起涂覆。然而,优选使用没有支架的本发明的涂覆的球囊导管。
所提供的导管球囊通常包含多折叠导管球囊,其也在折叠下或在折叠内涂覆。此外,有可能选择性涂覆或填充折叠。在折叠内或折叠下的涂层的益处在于,在插入导管球囊期间,涂层免于被血流洗掉,且因此活性剂免于被血流洗掉。
此外,本发明球囊导管的导管球囊可以在其扩张(膨胀)或紧缩状态下涂覆。任何商购可得的可膨胀的导管球囊均可用作导管球囊。优选地,使用所谓的多重折叠球囊,如例如David H.Rammler,Labintelligence,USA在国际专利申请WO 94/23787 A1中;或ScimedLife Sciences,Inc.,USA在国际专利申请WO 03/059430 A1中;或Prof.Dr.Ulrich Speck在国际专利申请WO 2004/028582 A1中或Medtronic Inc.,USA在欧洲专利编号EP 0519063B1中所述。
这些球囊具有折叠或翼,其在球囊处于其压缩状态时形成基本上封闭的空腔,但在扩张期间向外弯曲,并且能够释放折叠中所含的物质或相应地能够将所述物质按压在脉管壁上。
由于折叠中密封的物质或相应地在折叠中密封的活性剂在导管插入期间受到保护而不致过快分离,所以这些球囊为有益的。
用不同的工业级虫胶的碱盐以及用紫胶虫以及所用宿主树木类型和采集时间不同的不同批料对本发明的导管球囊涂覆。在各种涂覆的导管球囊中未观察到活性剂释放的差异。
无论虫胶的来源如何,从各种地区或从不同昆虫获得的所有种类的虫胶类型的“Shellaqua”-涂层都能够达成本发明的结果,所以任何种类或类别的虫胶都可用于本发明中。优选使用脱蜡橙色虫胶的碱盐。甚至更优选的脱蜡橙色虫胶的铵盐包含于球囊导管上的涂层中。
通常,可以将每mm2的待涂覆的球囊导管表面0.1μg至30μg的量的所用活性剂施加至球囊导管表面上,而0.5μg/mm2至12μg/mm2的量的紫杉醇和1.0-15.0μg/mm2的量的西罗莫司足以实现所需的预防再狭窄的作用。活性剂、优选紫杉醇或西罗莫司在导管球囊上的表面载量为0.1μg/mm2至30μg/mm2。优选地涂覆的球囊表面上存在的活性剂的量为1μg/mm2至15μg/mm2球囊表面,更优选为2μg/mm2至10μg/mm2,且最优选为2.5μg至5μg活性剂/mm2球囊表面(μg/mm2)。
还优选10至1000μg活性剂、优选紫杉醇或西罗莫司/导管球囊的总量,且最优选20至400μg/导管球囊的总量。
虫胶碱盐、优选虫胶铵盐在导管球囊上的表面载量为1μg/mm2至25μg/mm2。优选在涂覆的球囊表面存在的虫胶碱盐、优选虫胶铵盐的量为2.5μg/mm2至15μg/mm2球囊表面。
导管球囊的表面可以是纹理化的、光滑的、粗糙的、不平的、具有孔穴或具有向球囊外侧敞开的通道。在需要导管球囊具有纹理化表面的情况下,导管球囊的表面可以用机械、化学、电子方式和/或借助于辐射纹理化,以改善活性剂的粘附性,并有助于活性剂沉淀或结晶。
含活性剂的溶液中或活性剂和虫胶的水溶液的溶液中的活性剂含量为1μg至1mg活性剂/ml溶液、优选10μg至500μg活性剂/1ml溶液、更优选30μg至300μg活性剂/1ml溶液且最优选50μg至100μg活性剂/1ml溶液。虫胶碱盐水溶液中的虫胶含量为1μg至10mg/1ml溶液、优选10μg至500μg虫胶/1ml溶液。
在另一个实施方案中,导管球囊涂覆有“Shellaqua”-涂层,其中活性剂与虫胶碱盐的重量比为100:1至1:100、优选95:1至1:95、更优选90:1至1:90、更优选85:1至1:85、进一步优选80:1至1:80、更优选75:1至1:75、更优选70:1至1:70、更优选65:1至1:65、更优选60:1至1:60、更优选55:1至1:55、更优选50:1至1:50、更优选45:1至1:45、更优选40:1至1:40、更优选35:1至1:35、更优选30:1至1:30、更优选25:1至1:25、更优选20:1至1:20、甚至更优选15:1至1:15、进一步优选10:1至1:10最优选5:1至1:5。
根据本发明,球囊导管不必完全涂覆。导管球囊的部分涂层或将某些纹理元件部分填充到导管球囊的表面上可以是足够的。颁予Scimed Life Systems,Inc.,USA的国际专利申请WO 02/043796A2公开了一种包含微针或微孔或微腔室的特殊导管球囊,其中在球囊表面上存在可膨胀的纹理化区域。在所述实施方案中,填充或膨胀球囊表面的某些部分将足以获得所需的治疗成果,其中涂覆整个表面也显然是可能的。
本发明尤其优选的实施方案的涉及具有“Shellaqua”-涂层的球囊导管,其中所述涂层包含球囊表面方向的活性剂的浓度梯度,所以在涂层的顶端,存在几乎100%重量的活性剂,在直接在球囊表面上存在几乎100%重量的虫胶碱盐,而虫胶碱盐中活性剂的浓度从100%重量(涂层的顶端)降低至0%重量(直接在球囊表面)。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,除该垂直浓度梯度(与导管球囊的纵向轴垂直)之外,可存在水平浓度梯度。该水平浓度梯度意指在导管球囊的中央存在活性剂的最高浓度,且活性剂的该浓度将在近端也在远端降低,所以活性剂最低浓度存在于导管球囊的近端和远端。
由于“Shellaqua”-涂层难以表征,本发明还涉及根据本文公开的本发明的涂覆方法得到的涂覆的球囊导管,以及球囊导管和含该导管球囊的膨胀导管。与使用虫胶的醇溶液制备的涂层相比,该涂层释放动力学的稳定性增加,且球囊导管上的聚合膜具有更好的机械性能。例如其粘性更小。
根据本发明的涂覆的球囊导管或导管球囊优选用于治疗缩小脉管段、特别是血管,并用于治疗和预防狭窄、再狭窄、动脉硬化和纤维化血管收缩。此外本发明的涂覆的球囊导管适用于在具有失败的动静脉瘘(AV-分流器)的患者(例如血液透析的患者)中膨胀。
根据本发明的涂覆的球囊导管或导管球囊优选适用于治疗和预防支架内再狭窄,即在已经植入的支架中重新出现的血管收缩。此外,根据本发明的涂覆的导管球囊特别适用于治疗小脉管、如冠状动脉、优选具有血管直径小于2.5mm的该类脉管。但还可能治疗血管直径至多8mm的更大脉管,如治疗股动脉或腘动脉损害。
根据本发明的涂覆的球囊导管优选用于心血管领域,但根据本发明的涂覆的导管球囊还适用于治疗外周血管、胆道、食道、泌尿道、胰腺、肾道、肺道、气管、小肠和大肠的血管缩小。
此外,可将第二种活性剂加入含活性剂的溶液。所述另外的活性剂可以选自:
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由于本发明的涂覆方法,在导管球囊的表面的干燥的活性剂-虫胶碱盐复合物具有特定的稠度(consistence),其难以表征,但似乎对于最佳的药物释放和局部转移至受损段的细胞壁和并入尤其是平滑肌细胞中很关键。因此“Shellaqua”-涂层的改善的结构对根据溶液的涂覆的球囊导管的抗增殖作用具有直接影响。
本发明的其他方面是含“Shellaqua”-涂层的球囊导管,其中涂层还包含水溶性聚合物和/或增塑剂。
由于存在氧原子和氮原子,基本上水溶性聚合物是高度亲水性的:羟基、羧酸、磺酸酯、磷酸酯、氨基、亚氨基等。本文的水溶性聚合物优选是大分子、诸如天然存在的生物聚合物、诸如多糖和多肽及及半合成衍生物,还有完全合成制备的化合物。
因此优选水溶性聚合物选自:纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、淀粉、羟乙基淀粉、聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯亚胺、右旋糖酐、琼脂、角叉菜胶、藻酸盐、共聚物和/或这些物质的混合物。加入藻酸钠、羟丙基甲基纤维素和聚乙烯基吡咯烷使得得到的涂层溶解度增加。
如本文使用的术语“增塑剂”是指加入涂层或涂层溶液以改变它们的物理性质的物质,如赋予粘度、弹性或柔软性。它们的应用还包括预防干燥的涂层变得太脆。
因此优选增塑剂选自甘油、丙二醇、矿物油、三醋精、聚乙二醇、单硬脂酸甘油酯、乙酰单酸甘油乙酯、聚山梨酯、油酸、丁酰柠檬酸三正己酯(BTHC)和三辛酸甘油酯/癸酸甘油酯。
本发明的其他方面是含“Shellaqua”-涂层的球囊导管,其中所述涂层还包含脂肪酸、且优选不饱和的脂肪酸。
优选的脂肪酸选自:辛酸(辛烷酸)、癸酸(癸烷酸)、十二烷酸(月桂酸)、十四碳酸(肉豆蔻酸)、十六碳酸(棕榈酸)、十七碳酸(珍珠酸)、十八碳酸(硬脂酸)、二十烷酸(花生酸)、二十二烷酸(山萮酸)、二十四烷酸(木蜡酸)、顺式-9-十四烯酸(肉豆蔻烯酸)、顺式-9-十六碳烯酸(棕榈油酸)、顺式-6-十八碳烯酸(岩芹酸)、顺式-9-十八碳烯酸(油酸)、顺式-11-十八碳烯酸(异油酸)、顺式-9-二十碳烯酸(鳕油酸)、顺式-11-二十碳烯酸(巨头鲸鱼酸)、顺式-13-二十二碳烯酸(芥酸)、顺式-15-二十四碳烯酸(神经酸)、t9-十八碳烯酸(反油酸)、t11-十八碳烯酸(叔-异油酸)、t3-十六碳烯酸、9,12-十八碳二烯酸(亚油酸)、6,9,12-十八碳三烯酸(γ-亚油酸)、8,11,14-二十碳三烯酸(双高-γ-亚麻酸)、5,8,11,14-二十碳四烯酸(花生四烯酸)、7,10,13,16-二十二碳四烯酸、4,7,10,13,16-二十二碳五烯酸、9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸(α-亚油酸)、6,9,12,15-十八碳四烯酸(十八碳四烯酸)、8,11,14,17-二十碳四烯酸、5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳五烯酸(DPA)、4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)、5,8,11-二十碳三烯酸(mead acid)、9c11t 13t桐酸(eleostearic acid)、8t 10t 12c十八碳三烯酸(calendic acid)、9c 11t13c梓树酸、4,7,9,11,13,16,19二十二碳七烯酸(stellaheptaenoic acid)、紫衫油酸、松油酸、5(Z),11(Z),14(Z)-二十碳三烯酸、6-十八碳炔酸(塔日酸)、t11-十八碳烯-9-炔酸(檀香酸或西门木炔酸)、9-十八碳炔酸(硬脂炔酸)、6-十八碳烯-9-炔酸(6,9-十八碳烯炔酸)、t10-十七碳烯-8-炔酸(十七碳烯-10-炔-8-酸)、9-十八碳烯-12-炔酸(还阳参油酸)、t7,t11-十八碳二烯-9-炔酸(heisteric acid)、t8,t10-十八碳二烯-12-炔酸、5,8,11,14-花生四烯酸(ETYA)、桐酸、十八碳三烯酸、梓树酸、二十二碳七烯酸、紫衫油酸、视黄酸、异棕榈酸、降植烷酸、植烷酸、11,12-亚甲基十八碳酸、9,10-亚甲基十六烷酸、茼蒿酸、(R,S)-硫辛酸、(S)-硫辛酸、(R)-硫辛酸、6,8-二(甲硫基)-辛酸、4,6-二(甲硫基)-己酸、2,4-二(甲硫基)-丁酸、1,2-二硫杂环戊烷羧酸、(R,S)-6,8-二噻烷辛酸、(R)-6,8-二噻烷辛酸、(S)-6,8-二噻烷辛酸、脑酮酸、羟基神经酸、蓖麻油酸、lesquerolic acid、十三烷二酸和它普酸及其混合物。
优选不饱和的脂肪酸选自:顺式-9-十四烯酸(肉豆蔻烯酸)、顺式-9-十六碳烯酸(棕榈油酸)、顺式-6-十八碳烯酸(岩芹酸)、顺式-9-十八碳烯酸(油酸)、顺式-11-十八碳烯酸(异油酸)、顺式-9-二十碳烯酸(鳕油酸)、顺式-11-二十碳烯酸(巨头鲸鱼酸)、顺式-13-二十二碳烯酸(芥酸)、顺式-15-二十四碳烯酸(神经酸)、t9-十八碳烯酸(反油酸)、t11-十八碳烯酸(叔-异油酸)、t3-十六碳烯酸、9,12-十八碳二烯酸(亚油酸)、6,9,12-十八碳三烯酸(γ-亚油酸)、8,11,14-二十碳三烯酸(双高-γ-亚麻酸)、5,8,11,14-二十碳四烯酸(花生四烯酸)、7,10,13,16-二十二碳四烯酸、4,7,10,13,16-二十二碳五烯酸、9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸(α-亚油酸)、6,9,12,15-十八碳四烯酸(十八碳四烯酸)、8,11,14,17-二十碳四烯酸、5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳五烯酸(DPA)、4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)、5,8,11-二十碳三烯酸(mead acid)、9c 11t 13t桐酸、8t10t 12c十八碳三烯酸、9c 11t 13c梓树酸、4,7,9,11,13,16,19二十二碳七烯酸(stellaheptaenoic acid)、紫衫油酸、松油酸、5(Z),11(Z),14(Z)-二十碳三烯酸、6-十八碳炔酸(塔日酸)、t11-十八碳烯-9-炔酸(檀香酸或西门木炔酸)、9-十八碳炔酸(硬脂炔酸)、6-十八碳烯-9-炔酸(6,9-十八碳烯炔酸)、t10-十七碳烯-8-炔酸(丙酮酸)、9-十八碳烯-12-炔酸(还阳参油酸)、t7,t11-十八碳二烯-9-炔酸(heisteric acid)、t8,t10-十八碳二烯-12-炔酸、5,8,11,14-花生四烯酸(ETYA)及其混合物。
所述混合物尤其包含纯的不饱和化合物的混合物。尤其优选ω-3以及ω-6脂肪酸。
以下实例阐述本发明的可能实施方案,而不是将本发明的范围局限于所述的精确实施例。
附图说明
图1:显示在本发明的具有“Shellaqua”-涂层的导管球囊膨胀后得到的壁内紫杉醇浓度[μg/g](参见实施例9)
实施例
实施例1用紫杉醇和AQUALACCA 25对导管球囊的涂覆
首先,将120mg紫杉醇溶于800μL乙醇中,并通过在室温搅拌24h与800μLAQUALACCA 25混合。
通过移液装置将AQUALACCA 25(为水溶性虫胶铵盐)溶液施加至旋转放置的折叠球囊的表面。然后将该折叠球囊在缓慢旋转下在室温干燥。然后将紫杉醇溶液以施加3.0μg/mm2紫杉醇的方式喷雾至球囊导管上。然后不旋转地将该球囊在室温干燥。最后,在活性剂层上通过移液装置将AQUALACCA 25作为单独的顶层涂层施加。施加1μg/mm2的表面涂层。随后,将导管球囊在50℃充分干燥30分钟。在球囊上卷曲的支架或药物-洗脱支架的存在不干扰涂覆过程。
实施例2用含西罗莫司的“Shellaqua”-涂层对导管球囊涂覆
提供商购可得的具有由聚酰胺制备的可膨胀的球囊的膨胀导管。该球囊表面是纹理化的,但没有通道或孔穴。
将研磨过的虫胶在40℃在连续机械搅拌下溶于2.5%(w/w)碳酸氢铵溶液中以制备20%的最终浓度(w/w)。将该溶液在连续搅拌下加热直至70℃达30分钟以蒸发过量的铵以达到最佳的pH 7.3。然后将水加入以达到20%的浓度(w/w)。
随后通过涂刷的方式将该溶液施加至导管球囊的表面的水平区域。制备140μg雷帕霉素在2.0mL水中的溶液,并将导管球囊浸入所述溶液中。随后,将导管球囊充分干燥,并用环氧乙烷灭菌。
实施例3用含西罗莫司和阿拉伯树胶的“Shellaqua”-涂层对导管球囊涂覆
将适用于扩张脉管膨胀的球囊导管的球囊在超声波浴中用丙酮和乙醇脱脂10分钟,然后将球囊导管在100℃干燥。通过将喷雾干燥的粉末在50℃加入1%(w/w)碳酸氢铵在软化水中的溶液中、并机械搅拌直至胶完成溶解来制备阿拉伯树胶的溶液。将碳酸氢铵加入直至该胶溶液的pH增加至7以上。随后将该溶液与虫胶混合,从而制备18%w/w溶液。将120mg西罗莫司溶于1mL虫胶水溶液中,并通过喷雾施加至导管球囊。将该涂覆的导管球囊在70℃干燥13小时。
实施例4用含紫杉醇和增塑剂的“Shellaqua”-涂层对导管球囊涂覆
首先,将120mg紫杉醇溶于800μL乙醇中,并将190g虫胶和9g甘油溶于1000mL2.5%(w/w)碳酸氢铵溶液中,在40℃搅拌24h。随后将100μL紫杉醇溶液与900μL虫胶铵盐溶液混合,并移液至导管球囊。将该涂覆的导管球囊在70℃干燥过夜。
实施例5使用梯度混合器用含西罗莫司的“Shellaqua”-涂层的导管球囊涂覆
如实施例2中所述制备雷帕霉素的溶液和虫胶盐的溶液。随后,将100μL西罗莫司的溶液与900μL虫胶盐溶液混合。
将纯的虫胶盐溶液通过喷雾装置施加至旋转放置的部分展开的球囊的表面。然后将该球囊在缓慢旋转下在室温干燥。在球囊表面上底层涂层包含1μg/mm2虫胶盐。
将含西罗莫司和虫胶的溶液倾入梯度混合器的第一个室,并将纯的西罗莫司溶液倾入第二个后面的室。将梯度混合器的出口与喷枪连接。然后将从梯度混合器出来的溶液以施加增加的西罗莫司浓度的方式喷至具有底层涂层的球囊导管上。施加总计3.0μg/mm2的西罗莫司。然后将该球囊在缓慢旋转下在室温干燥。
实施例6用含西罗莫司的“Shellaqua”-涂层的导管球囊涂覆
提供商购可得的具有由聚酰胺制备的可膨胀球囊的膨胀导管。该球囊表面是纹理化的,但没有通道或孔穴。
将研磨过的虫胶在40℃在连续机械搅拌下溶于2.5%(w/w)碳酸氢钠溶液中,加入水达到20%(w/w)的浓度。随后通过刷的方式将该溶液施加至导管球囊的表面的水平区域。制备140μg雷帕霉素在2.0mL水中的溶液,并将导管球囊浸入所述溶液中。随后,将导管球囊充分干燥,并用环氧乙烷灭菌。
实施例7用含西罗莫司的“Shellaqua”-涂层对导管球囊涂覆
首先,将100mg西罗莫司溶于1mL AQUALACCA 25中。
通过喷雾将含西罗莫司的AQUALACCA 25溶液施加至旋转放置的展开的球囊的表面。然后将该球囊在缓慢旋转下在室温干燥。随后,将第二层相同的涂层溶液如上文所述喷雾。随后,将导管球囊在50℃充分干燥2小时。最后,施加5.0μg/mm2球囊表面西罗莫司。
实施例8用含紫杉醇的“Shellaqua”-涂层对导管球囊涂覆
首先,将120mg紫杉醇溶于1mL AQUAGOLD中。将该溶液的水在真空下蒸发,并将小球再溶于1mL乙醇中。
将得到的含紫杉醇的溶液通过喷雾施加至旋转放置的多重折叠球囊的表面。然后将该球囊在缓慢旋转下在室温干燥。随后将第二层和第三层的相同的涂层溶液如上文所述喷雾。随后,将导管球囊在50℃充分干燥2小时。最后,施加4.0μg/mm2球囊表面紫杉醇。
实施例9:根据本发明的涂覆的球囊的药物动力学评价
该研究致力于评价经本发明的导管球囊递送的短期的(1小时-5天)紫杉醇的组织吸收和停留。
该研究中包括八只体重34-43kg的波兰家猪,其中采用24个紫杉醇洗脱球囊。在2013年七月至八月American Heart of Poland Inc的心血管研发中心进行该研究。得到了地区生物伦理委员会批准。将各动物的三条冠状动脉(LAD、LCX、RCA)以5:1比例随机分配至各研究组。
评价具有以下涂层的研究的导管:
组1.3.0μg/mm2紫杉醇+3.0μg/mm2虫胶盐(AQUALACCA 25)
组2.3.0μg/mm2紫杉醇+2.0μg/mm2虫胶盐(AQUALACCA 25)
所有研究的球囊直径为3.0mm,且长度15mm。
方法
所有的动物接受由口服乙酰水杨酸(初始剂量325mg,之后75mg)和氯吡格雷(初始剂量300mg,之后75mg)组成的双重抗血小板疗法,其在介入前3天开始,并继续直至处死。用丙泊酚麻醉诱导后,对动物插管,并用机械通气支持。开始丙泊酚连续输注以保持手术麻醉平面。随后,采用经皮Seldinger技术将动脉鞘插入左或右股动脉。进行肝素(~400U/kg)初始推注,并每30分钟测量ACT以保持至少300秒的ACT时间。在冠状动脉内施用硝酸甘油(200μg)后,完成冠状动脉造影片。基于目视的解剖评估和定量冠状动脉血管造影术(QCA)分析做出靶部位的选择。选择这些部位以避免狭窄超过10%的分支血管和段以确保支架涂层与动脉壁的相互作用始终如一。然后将损伤球囊以稳定速率膨胀至足以达到球囊与动脉1.2-1.3:1.0的比例的压力。在损伤过程之后,将治疗球囊在相同的位置前置并以相似的球囊与动脉的比例膨胀60秒。在预先确定的时间点采用批准的安死术溶液使动物安乐死。安乐死后尽快取心,小心避免损害研究的脉管。检查心脏的异常发现物,并用动物识别号码、方案号和采集日期标记。将心用肝素化盐水冲洗直至清除血液。使用冠状动脉血管造影和分支血管作为界标,在立体显微镜指引下切开研究段。用动物识别号码、方案号和采集日期标记所有研究脉管段。将所有组织置于容器中,在干冰中在-68C冷冻,并送至HPLC试验点。
定性冠状动脉血管造影术
使用Siemens Coroskop Millenium Edition血管造影机得到冠状动脉血管造影。采用Judkins Right,6French导引管得到冠状动脉血管造影。以盲法方式采用QAngio XA软件7.1.14.0版(Medis Medical Imaging Systems)从两个对侧投影进行QCA分析。使用导引管作为测量标准从治疗段的近侧部和远侧部得到基线和28-天追踪现察后参考血管直径(RVD)。计算球囊与动脉的比例。计算追踪现察的百分比直径狭窄(%DS):[1-(MLD/RVD)]x100%。
HPLC分析
通过高效液相色谱(AnaKat Institut für Biotechnologie GmbH,Berlin,Germany,对于样品来源而言的盲法分析)测定血浆、LAD、LCx和RCA的紫杉醇浓度。简言之,在解冻后,在环境温度称重组织,根据重量,将不同体积的乙醇加入样品中(足够的乙醇以完全覆盖组织)。然后,将样品超声处理40min,并将约200ml样品离心。在50至5000ng/ml的范围制作校准线。通过稀释浓度1000mg/ml的储备溶液制备用于校准线的样品。所有样品(来自组织和校准线的样品)的等分试样转移至自动采样瓶中,并加入相同体积的0.1%甲酸。高效液相色谱系统的流速为0.2ml/min,经ODS Hypersil的柱(ThermoElectronCorporation,Thermo Scientific,Waltham,Massachusetts,USA),粒度5m,孔径等浓度流动相由70%含甲酸(0.1%)的甲醇组成。通过质谱以多反应监测模式检测紫杉醇,其中紫杉醇从854转变至105AMU。组织紫杉醇浓度以μg/g表示。
追踪现察
根据表1中的研究方案安排动物用于1、24、48小时、5天(每个时间段2只猪)
表1显示导管球囊的分配至脉管和动物的研究方案
统计分析
结果以中位数和四分位数间距(interquartile ranges)表示。由于组2中样品的数量有限(每个时间点仅1只),所以没有进行统计检验。
结果
操作前的程序
在通宵禁食后,将动物基于体重用混合物预麻醉。这些药物包括:阿托品(1mg/20kg,皮下)、氯胺酮(1ml/10kg,肌内)和赛拉嗪(1ml/10kg,肌内)。由有资格的动物技术人员在颈或背部肌肉象限进行肌内注射。将动物转移至制备室,在这里将静脉内线置于耳缘静脉,并在全过程中施用静脉内液(乳酸林格氏液或0.9%盐水)。如需要,将抗心律失常药加入这些IV液体(利多卡因200mg/升、美托洛尔5mg/升)中。当动物达到充分麻醉状态(使用丙泊酚推注),将其用适当尺寸的气管导管插管,将所述气管导管绑到位,且管头膨胀以防止泄漏。然后将动物转移至导管室,置于桌上,并连接于麻醉和呼吸机上。
操作
血管损伤参与在之前选择的动脉段中正规的血管成形术球囊的膨胀(球囊-与-动脉的比例为1.2-1.3:1.0,以实现适当的过膨胀(overstretch)和损伤)(活体QCA分析)有关。为了预扩张,将所有球囊膨胀30s。
然后,将总计24个测试的球囊膨胀:组1的20个导管球囊和组2的4个导管球囊,如表1所示。在递送前将它们逐个检查。没有观察到结构异常的迹象。涂层不可见。通过股动脉入口球囊容易置入选择的动脉段,并在之前受损的段成功展开。除一个在25秒后爆裂的球囊之外,将测试的球囊膨胀60s。由于缺乏解剖学标志,在两种情况中将裸金属支架植入治疗段的远端(支架Apollo S 2,25mmx19mm)。
基线脉管和球囊展开特征
整个组中以及在每个时间段的基线QCA参数、诸如脉管基线、近端和远端参考直径和平均血管直径没有差别(表2)。平均过膨胀为120-130%,且在各组中可重现。所有测试的球囊直径为3.0mm,长度为15mm,并在循环中保持3分钟±20秒。
表2基线QCA血管特征
紫杉醇浓度分析
紫杉醇组织吸收和停留
在追踪现察中,没有观察到死亡或主要的不良事件、心脏事件。所有的动物保持良好的全身状态直至安乐死。在1小时的追踪现察中,本发明的导管球囊分别以454.27μg/g和515.9μg/g的浓度递送紫杉醇。在组1中的1天的追踪现察中,脉管中发现的紫杉醇中位数浓度为202.96μg/g,而设置了相同的追踪现察的第二个球囊递送60.85μg/g。在48小时后观察到类似的趋势(分别为15.3对2.11μg/g)。在最后的观察中,在两组中紫杉醇浓度是相仿的(图1)。组1的一个球囊在5天的追踪现察中不递送任何药物至血管壁。
球囊上的紫杉醇残留
球囊上的紫杉醇残留的分析显示几乎50%的基线药物量留在组2球囊的表面上,且组1中为40%,如HPLC分析所示。
结论
所有测试的球囊均容易置入,并在研究部位展开。没有发生递送或缩回的问题。标称膨胀的球囊直径达到了它们的设计直径。无论是在操作刚进行后还是在追踪现察中均没有观察到不良事件。在尸体剖检中没有观察到心肌梗死的宏观迹象或研究部位中的炎症。在指定5天追踪现察的脉管中,观察到治疗脉管段附近的粘连,这可能由于损伤或药物毒性引起。必须注意到,由于观察期非常短和研究的设计,不可确定研究的球囊导管的安全性。
各组间的基线研究的脉管特征在参考直径和过膨胀(130%)方面相似。除一个球囊之外,所有的膨胀均进行60s,且所有的球囊在循环中保持在相同的时间期限内。两种测试的紫杉醇球囊均将紫杉醇递送至血管壁。在所有的脉管中,在1-小时后,发现紫杉醇范围为360-1135μg/g,因此证明药物至壁的递送能力。组1球囊似乎以更高的浓度递送紫杉醇,然而由于样品数量低,将该发现的意义保留为非结论性和假设的。在5天的追踪现察中,组1已经显示显著的组织停留;然而,结果是可变的(0-105微克),这对该类型的技术是典型的。因此该原则证明性(proof-of-principle)研究显示本发明的装置在展开后能在动脉壁中使治疗活性剂浓度累积至少5天。
实施例10:现有技术球囊导管的生物学试验
该研究中包括八只体重35-42kg的波兰家猪,其中采用24个紫杉醇洗脱球囊。得到了地区生物伦理委员会批准。将各动物的三条冠状动脉(LAD、LCX、RCA)以1:1:1比例随机分配至各研究组。
评价三种具有以下涂层的研究的导管:
1.3. 0μg/mm2紫杉醇+0.3μg/mm2Alpha Linolen+0.3μg/mm2乳香酸
2.3. 0μg/mm2紫杉醇+0.3μg/mm2z Alpha Linolen
3.3. 0μg/mm2紫杉醇和3.0μg/mm2以乙醇溶液应用的虫胶(其酸形式的虫胶;现有技术的球囊)
所有研究的球囊直径为3.0mm,且长度20mm。
方法
动物在介入前3天和整个研究期间接受由乙酰水杨酸和氯吡格雷组成的抗血小板疗法。在全身麻醉下得到用于将支架引入和植入两个不同的冠状动脉中的穿过6F鞘的股动脉入口。在"活体"定量血管造影分析指引下以确保球囊/动脉直径比例1.15:1.0的膨胀压力将所有球囊植入。
使用CMS-QCA软件(Medis)进行定量冠状动脉血管造影(QCA)分析,并以DICOM格式记录血管造影片。选择两个对侧投影用于支架评价。在预先确定的时间点使动物安乐死。安乐死后尽快取心,小心避免损害研究的脉管。检查心脏的异常发现物,并用动物识别号码、方案号和采集日期标记。将心用生理盐水冲洗直至清除血液,然后用10%中性福尔马林缓冲剂(NBF)将灌注压力固定在80-100mmHg。收集异常组织的样品,并进行用10%NBF进行浸入固定。用动物识别号码、方案号、组织类型和采集日期标记所有研究脉管段。将所有组织置于容器中,在干冰中在-68C冷冻,并送至HPLC试验点。将各动物的心脏置于其各自的分开的容器中。
HPLC分析
通过高效液相色谱(AnaKat Institut für Biotechnologie GmbH,Berlin,Germany,对于样品来源而言的盲法分析)测定血浆、LAD、LCx和RCA的紫杉醇浓度。简言之,在解冻后,在环境温度称重组织,根据重量,将不同体积的乙醇加入样品中(足够的乙醇以完全覆盖组织)。然后将样品超声处理40min。将约200ml样品离心。
在50至5000ng/ml的范围制作校准线。通过稀释浓度1000mg/ml的储备溶液制备用于校准线的样品。所有样品(来自组织和校准线的样品)的等分试样转移至自动采样瓶中,并加入相同体积的0.1%甲酸。高效液相色谱系统的流速为0.2ml/min,经ODs Hypersil的柱(ThermoElectron Corporation,Thermo Scientific,Waltham,Massachusetts,USA),粒度5m,孔径等浓度流动相由70%含甲酸(0.1%)的甲醇组成。通过质谱以多反应监测模式检测紫杉醇,其中紫杉醇从854转变至105AMU。组织紫杉醇浓度以μg/g表示。
操作前的处理
在通宵禁食后,将动物基于体重用混合物预麻醉。这些药物包括:阿托品(1mg/20kg,皮下)、氯胺酮(4mL/10kg,肌内)和赛拉嗪(1ml/10kg,肌内)。由有资格的动物技术人员在颈或背部肌肉象限进行肌内注射。将动物转移至制备室,在这里将静脉内线置于耳缘静脉,并在全过程中施用静脉内液(乳酸林格氏液或0.9%盐水)。将抗心律失常药加入这些IV液体(利多卡因200mg/升、美托洛尔5mg/升)中。当动物达到充分麻醉平面(有1-3%异氟烷的毒面具),将其用适当尺寸的气管导管插管,将所述气管导管绑到位,且管头膨胀以防止泄漏。然后将动物转移至导管室,置于桌上,并连接于麻醉和呼吸机上。
操作
将总计24个球囊展开,组1和组2有8个,且组3有8个(根据本发明)。在递送前将它们逐个检查。没有观察到结构异常的迹象。通过股动脉入口球囊容易置入选择的动脉段,并在活体QCA指引后在所需段成功展开,以确保球囊/动脉比例1.1:1。所有测试的球囊膨胀60s。由于在3个案例中球囊膨胀后解剖可见过膨胀,但脉管保持打开且远端血流没有受损,因此不需要支架植入。
追踪现察
安排动物用于1小时、1、3和7天(每个时间段2只猪)。在整个追踪现察中,没有观察到死亡或主要的不良事件、心脏事件。所有的动物保持良好的全身状态,且观察到稳定的体重增加。
统计分析
结果表示为平均数和标准偏差(SD)。通过科-斯二氏检验证实变量的正态分布。使用Levene检验验证方差均匀性。使用ANOVA检验分析血管造影和HPLC分析数据。在偏态分布或方差不均匀的情况中使用非参数的Kruskal-Wallis和U Mann-Whitney检验。p-值<0.05被认为统计上显著。
结果
基线脉管和球囊展开特征:在各研究的组之间,整个组中以及在每个时间段的基线QCA结果、诸如脉管基线、参考直径、最小腔直径、球囊直径及支架与动脉的比例没有差别。
紫杉醇浓度分析
在组3中在1小时观测时壁内血管的紫杉醇的浓度显著更高。在第1天,尽管不是统计学显著的,但其数值仍保持高得多。在3和7天,在组3中,浓度降低至1μg/g,且在组1和组2中,降低至不可检测的水平(表3)。这些结果表达为初始负载剂量分析的百分比。
表3.脉管壁内紫杉醇浓度
所有测试的球囊均容易置入,并在研究部位展开。没有发生递送或缩回的问题。标称膨胀的球囊直径达到了它们的设计直径。无论是在操作后还是在追踪现察中均没有观察到不良事件。在尸体剖检中没有观察到心肌梗死的宏观迹象或研究部位中的炎症。各组间的研究的基线脉管特征在参考直径和最小腔直径方面相似。最重要地是在研究的各组之间支架与动脉的比例(1.1:1)导致相似的过膨胀。所有的膨胀进行60s,且所有的球囊在循环中保持在相同的时间期限内。基于之前的研究,该过膨胀和膨胀时间应该明确地提供用于紫杉醇递送的适当的和可重现的条件(1,2)。
结论
所有测试的球囊均容易置入,并在研究部位展开。没有发生递送或缩回的问题。涂覆有虫胶铵盐的本发明的两个紫杉醇球囊(实施例9)更有效地将紫杉醇递送至血管壁。本发明的导管球囊展开后的组织紫杉醇浓度比使用如表3所示的涂覆有酸形式虫胶的导管球囊(现有技术球囊;1h后约50μg/g)高约10倍(约500μg/g),这表明具有酸形式虫胶的涂层以及涂覆有作为载体物质的Alpha Linolen的导管球囊导致组织中相对小的药物浓度。
实施例11:根据本发明的涂覆的球囊的安全性研究
在12只猪中使用3种类型的根据本发明的涂覆的药物-洗脱球囊(3x4只猪)将猪冠状动脉膨胀,追踪现察(FUP)时间为1h、3h、24h和48h。将球囊膨胀(1.3:1过膨胀)2x30秒。在FUP期,将动脉移出,存储在液氮中,并送交组织紫杉醇/西罗莫司测量。还送交各球囊的10个导管尖和12-15份血浆样品(来自球囊使用后即刻采血和膨胀后5、10min和60min采血)用于评价。
评价具有以下涂层的研究的导管:
组1.3.0μg/mm2紫杉醇+3.0μg/mm2 Aqualacca25+2.0μg/mm2作为顶层涂层的PEG(“Master”)
组2.3.0μg/mm2紫杉醇+2.0μg/mm2 Aqualacca25(“Ren”)
组3.5.0μg/mm2西罗莫司+3.0μg/mm2 Aqualacca25+0.5μg/mm2ω脂肪酸+2.0μg/mm2作为顶层涂层的PEG。
通过微量吸移管对所有导管球囊涂覆。
所有研究的球囊直径为3.0mm,且长度20mm。
依照美国食品和药物管理局优良实验室规范21CFR Part 58,ManagementSpecial进行研究。
质量保证部门根据试验装置标准操作程序(SOPs)审计了方案、研究实施。
方法
表4:研究设计
终末点
主要终末点分析:安全性评价,在不良事件方面,和动脉组织和血浆中紫杉醇浓度和球囊表面上残留紫杉醇的测量。评价任何不良事件、诸如死亡率或“临床事件”。
没有发生程序性并发症。
通常,所有的动物在计划的经皮冠状动脉介入疗法(PCI)之前1天经口接受氯吡格雷(300mg)和阿司匹林(250mg)的负载剂量。在FUP期间,猪经口接受75mg氯吡格雷和100mg阿司匹林的日剂量。在PCI之前,如需要,在植入操作期间,动物在每个小时接受10 000 IU未分级肝素(补充有另外的2000 IU肝素)。
组1球囊
表6:组1球囊的动脉组织的紫杉醇的浓度
组1FUP | 组织中的紫杉醇[μg/g] |
1h(n=5) | |
Mean±SD | 28.79±13.26 |
3h(n=5) | |
平均数±SD | 6.42±3.55 |
24h(n=5) | |
平均数±SD | 4.59±4.41 |
48h(n=5) | |
平均数±SD | 1.25±1.64 |
注释:本研究揭示了膨胀后1h平均28.79μg/g的组织紫杉醇水平,其低于所需的组织药物水平(根据文献)。紫杉醇从组织中的排除相对较快,3h后组织药物水平快速下降。
表7:组1球囊的血浆紫杉醇水平
PTx的血浆水平(ng/mL) | |
PCI后(n=2) | 5.24±1.00 |
PCI后10min(n=3) | 24.68±24.84 |
PCI后30min(n=3) | 6.33±1.11 |
PCI后60min(n=3) | 4.80±1.91 |
注释:测量的血浆紫杉醇浓度远低于有毒水平,且比用于治疗目的的水平少得多。消除速度与紫杉醇的正常血浆半衰期一致,在人体中约60min。
表8:组1球囊的球囊表面残留的紫杉醇水平
组1球囊的导管表面残留的紫杉醇量 | 紫杉醇量[μg] |
平均数±SD | 1.83±0.71 |
注释:计算球囊表面(3mm直径和20mm长度)上的3μg紫杉醇,球囊表面上紫杉醇的总量应当为565.2μg。球囊表面残留的紫杉醇量为平均1.83μg(0.3%)。
关于球囊表面上残留的紫杉醇的量,相同球囊的第二次膨胀过程(超出2x30秒)将不递送进一步的充分量的紫杉醇至血管壁中。
考虑到组织、血浆和球囊表面上残留的紫杉醇的量,似乎在球囊导管放置期间相对高的紫杉醇的量从球囊表面溶解;从导管经股动脉进入循环开始直至球囊在冠状动脉中膨胀。由于没有程序性并发症发生,该时间的持续时间为约30至60秒。
组2球囊
表9:组2球囊的动脉组织紫杉醇的浓度
注释:该研究揭示了膨胀后1h平均11.46μg/g的组织紫杉醇水平,其低于所需的组织药物水平(根据文献)。在3h,紫杉醇从组织中的消除相对较慢。
表10:组2球囊的血浆紫杉醇水平
注释:测量的血浆紫杉醇浓度远低于有毒水平,且比用于治疗目的的水平少得多。消除速度与紫杉醇的正常血浆半衰期一致,在人体中约60min。
表11:组2球囊的球囊表面残留的紫杉醇水平
组2球囊的导管表面残留的紫杉醇量 | 紫杉醇量[μg] |
平均数±SD | 11.65±24.96 |
注释:计算球囊表面(3mm直径和20mm长度)上的3μg紫杉醇,球囊表面上紫杉醇的总量应当为565.2μg。球囊表面残留的紫杉醇量为平均11.65μg(2.1%)。
关于球囊表面上残留的紫杉醇的量,相同球囊的第二次膨胀过程(超出2x30秒)将不递送进一步的充分量的紫杉醇至血管壁中。
考虑到组织、血浆和球囊表面上残留的紫杉醇的量,似乎在球囊导管放置期间相对高的紫杉醇的量从球囊表面溶解;从导管经股动脉进入循环开始直至球囊在冠状动脉中膨胀。由于没有程序性并发症发生,该时间的持续时间为约30至60秒。
组3测量
表12:组3球囊的动脉组织西罗莫司浓度
注释:该研究揭示了膨胀后1h平均954.2μg/g的组织西罗莫司水平,其似乎为所需的组织药物水平(根据文献)。西罗莫司从组织的消除缓慢,药物水平在24h和在48h仍然相对高。
表13:组3球囊的血浆紫杉醇水平
西罗莫司的血浆水平(ng/mL) | |
PCI后(n=3) | 1.75±3.51 |
PCI后10min(n=3) | 0±0 |
PCI后10min(n=3) | 0±0 |
PCI后60min(n=3) | 0±0 |
注释:仅一个血浆样品包含可测量的西罗莫司水平,而其他所有血浆样品没有药物。测量的血浆西罗莫司浓度远低于有毒水平,且比用于治疗目的的水平少得多。
表14:组3球囊的球囊表面残留的西罗莫司水平
组3球囊的导管表面残留的西罗莫司量 | 西罗莫司量[μg] |
平均数±SD | 37.3±28.1 |
注释:计算球囊表面(3mm直径和20mm长度)上的3μg西罗莫司,球囊表面上西罗莫司的总量应当为565.2μg。球囊表面残留的西罗莫司量为平均37.3μg(6.6%)。
关于球囊表面上残留的西罗莫司的量,相同球囊的第二次膨胀过程(超出2x30秒)将不递送进一步的充分量的西罗莫司至血管壁中。
考虑到组织、血浆和球囊表面上残留的西罗莫司的量,似乎西罗莫司从药物涂覆的球囊至动脉组织的药物递送是充足的,并在治疗范围内。
本发明还涉及以下方案:
1.球囊导管,其包含具有活性剂和水溶性虫胶盐的涂层。
2.根据方案1的球囊导管,其中所述水溶性虫胶盐是虫胶铵盐。
3.根据方案1或2的球囊导管,其中所述涂层包含活性剂的浓度梯度。
4.根据方案1-3中任意一项的球囊导管,其中活性剂的浓度梯度位于作为基质材料的水溶性虫胶盐层中。
5.根据方案1-4中任意一项的球囊导管,其中所述活性剂为抗再狭窄剂、抗增殖剂、免疫抑制剂、抗血管生成剂、抗炎剂和/或抗血栓形成剂。
6.根据方案1-5中任意一项的球囊导管,其中所述活性剂选自:
阿昔单抗、阿西美辛、乙酰基维司米通B、阿柔比星、腺苷蛋氨酸、阿霉素、七叶皂苷、阿夫罗摩辛、阿卡加林、阿地白介素、胺碘酮、胺鲁米特、安吖啶、阿那白滞素、阿那曲唑、白头翁素、anopterine、抗真菌剂、抗血栓剂、毒毛旋花甙元、阿加曲班、马兜铃酸内酰胺-AII、马兜铃酸、子囊霉素、天冬酰胺酶、阿司匹林、阿托伐他汀、金诺芬、咪唑硫嘌呤、阿奇霉素、浆果素、巴佛洛霉素、巴利昔单抗、苯达莫司汀、苯佐卡因、小檗碱、白桦脂醇、白桦脂酸、白果酚、双帕司诺定、博来霉素、康普瑞汀、乳香酸、鸦胆子酚A、B和C、落地生根毒素A、白消安、抗凝血酶、比伐卢定、钙粘附素、喜树碱、卡培他滨、邻氨甲酰基苯氧乙酸、卡铂、卡莫司汀、塞来昔布、千金藤素、西立伐他汀、胆固醇酯转运蛋白抑制剂、苯丁酸氮芥、磷酸氯喹、毒芹素、环丙沙星、顺铂、克拉屈滨、克拉霉素、秋水仙碱、吉他霉素、香豆定、C型利钠肽、柘树异黄酮A、姜黄素、环磷酰胺、环孢素A、阿糖胞苷、达卡巴嗪、达利珠单抗、更生霉素、胺苯砜、柔红霉素、双氯芬酸、1,11-二甲氧基铁屎米-6-酮、多烯紫杉醇、多柔比星、道诺霉素、表柔比星、红霉素、雌莫司汀、依托泊苷、依维莫司、非格司亭、氟伯斯汀、氟伐他汀、氟达拉滨、氟达拉滨-5′-磷酸二氢盐、氟尿嘧啶、多叶霉素、磷雌酚、吉西他宾、加拉吉纳苷、银杏酚、银杏酸、糖苷1a,4-羟基环磷酰胺、伊达比星、异环磷酰胺、交沙霉素、拉帕醇、洛莫司汀、洛伐他汀、美法仑、麦迪霉素、米托蒽醌、尼莫司汀、匹伐他汀、普伐他汀、丙卡巴肼、丝裂霉素、氨甲蝶呤、巯嘌呤、硫鸟嘌呤、奥沙利铂、伊立替康、拓扑替康、羟基脲、米替福新、喷司他丁、培门冬酶、依西美坦、雷曲唑、福美坦、霉酚酸酯、β-拉帕醌、鬼臼毒素、鬼臼酸2-乙基酰肼、rhuGM-CSF、聚乙二醇干扰素α-2b、r-HuG-CSF、聚乙二醇、细胞因子拮抗剂、细胞分裂素抑制剂、环氧合酶-2抑制剂、血管抑肽、抑制肌细胞增殖的单克隆抗体、bFGF拮抗剂、普罗布考、前列腺素、1-羟基-11-甲氧基铁屎米-6-酮、东莨菪素、一氧化氮供体、季戊四醇四硝酸酯和斯德酮亚胺、他莫昔芬、星形孢菌素、β-雌二醇、α-雌二醇、雌三醇、雌酮、炔雌醇、甲羟孕酮、环戊丙酸雌二醇、苯甲酸雌二醇、曲尼司特、尾叶香茶菜丙素和其它用于癌症疗法的类萜、维拉帕米、酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、紫杉醇、6-α-羟基-紫杉醇、泰索帝、白蛋白结合型紫杉醇、nap-紫杉醇、莫非布宗、氯那唑酸、利多卡因、酮洛芬、甲芬那酸、吡罗昔康、美洛昔康、青霉胺、羟基氯喹、金硫丁二钠、奥沙西罗、β-谷甾醇、麦替卡因、聚多卡醇、诺香草胺、左薄荷脑、玫瑰树碱、秋水仙胺、细胞松驰素A-E、印丹诺辛、诺考达唑、杆菌肽、玻璃粘连蛋白受体拮抗剂、氮卓斯汀、鸟苷酸环化酶刺激剂、金属蛋白酶-1和金属蛋白酶-2的组织抑制剂、游离核酸、并入病毒传播者中的核酸、脱氧核糖核酸和核糖核酸片段、纤溶酶原活化因子抑制剂-1、纤溶酶原活化因子抑制剂-2、反义寡核苷酸、血管内皮生长因子抑制剂、胰岛素样生长因子1、抗生素群组中的活性剂、头孢羟胺苄、头孢唑林、头孢克洛、头孢噻肟、妥布霉素、庆大霉素、青霉素、双氯西林、苯唑西林、磺胺、甲硝唑、依诺肝素、肝素、水蛭素、D-苯丙氨酸-脯氨酸-精氨酸-氯甲酮、鱼精蛋白、尿激酶原、链激酶、华法林、尿激酶、血管扩张剂、双嘧达莫、曲匹地尔、硝普盐、血小板来源的生长因子拮抗剂、三唑并嘧啶、色拉敏、乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂、卡托普利、西拉普利、赖诺普利、依那普利、氯沙坦、硫蛋白酶抑制剂、前列环素、伐哌前列素、干扰素α、干扰素β和干扰素γ、组胺拮抗剂、血清素阻断剂、细胞凋亡抑制剂、细胞凋亡调控剂、卤夫酮、硝苯地平、生育酚、曲尼司特、吗多明、茶多酚、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、来氟米特、依那西普、柳氮磺吡啶、四环素、曲安西龙、突变霉素、普鲁卡因胺、视黄酸、奎尼丁、丙吡胺、氟卡尼、普罗帕酮、索他洛尔、天然和合成得到的类固醇,落地生根毒素A、桦褐孔菌醇、马奎桑苷A、加拉吉纳苷、曼松宁、鹊肾树苷、氢化可的松、倍他米松、地塞米松,非类固醇物质、非诺洛芬、布洛芬、吲哚美辛、萘普生、保泰松、抗病毒剂、阿昔洛韦、更昔洛韦、齐多夫定、克霉唑、氟胞嘧啶、灰黄霉素、酮康唑、咪康唑、制霉菌素、特比萘芬、抗原虫剂、氯喹、甲氟喹、奎宁、天然类萜、海马钙蛋白、玉蕊醇-C21-当归酸酯、14-脱氢大戟毒素、大戟素、大戟毒素、17-羟基大戟毒素、防风草内酯、4,7-氧基环防风草酸、类酒神菊素B1、B2、B3和B7、土贝母苷、抗痢鸦胆子苷C、鸦胆子苷N和P、异脱氧地胆草素、白花地胆草素A和B、姜花素A、B、C和D、熊果酸、西皮他可酸A、异-德国鸢尾醛、变叶美登木醇、香茶菜戊素A、香茶菜甲素和香茶菜乙素、长管香茶菜素B、黄花香茶菜丙素、卡米宝素、总序香茶菜A和B、13,18-脱氢-6-α-千里光酰氧基查普林、红豆杉素A和B、瑞吉罗尔、雷公藤甲素、磁麻苷、hydroxyanopterine、原白头翁素、氯化车立布素、千斤藤素A和B、二氢两面针碱、氯化两面针碱、12-β-羟基孕二烯-3,20-二酮、土木香灵、大尾摇碱、大尾摇碱-N-氧化物、毛果天芥菜碱、桦褐孔菌醇、鬼臼毒素、爵床脂素A和B、拉瑞汀、野桐碱、野桐色原烷醇、异丁酰基野桐色原烷醇、地钱A、美登素、莱克瑞欣、玛吉汀、水鬼蕉碱、鹅掌楸碱、氧化黄心树宁碱、杠柳苷A、脱氧普梭草素、九节木素、蓖麻毒素A、血根碱、满屋小麦酸、甲基珍珠梅苷、芸香科的色酮、斯替左普林、二氢乌撒巴任辛、羟基乌撒巴林、马线子碱五胺、马线子碱普林、乌撒巴林、乌撒巴任辛、鹅掌楸碱、西瑞香素、落叶松脂醇、甲氧基落叶松脂醇、丁香脂素、西罗莫司、biolimus A9、吡美莫司、依维莫司、唑罗莫司、他克莫司、白蛋白结合型西罗莫司、nap-西罗莫司、法舒地尔、埃坡霉素、生长抑素、罗红霉素、醋竹桃霉素、辛伐他汀、罗苏伐他汀、长春花碱、长春新碱、长春地辛、替尼泊苷、长春瑞宾、曲磷胺、曲奥舒凡、替莫唑胺、塞替派、维甲酸、螺旋霉素、伞形花内酯、脱乙酰基维司米通A、维司米通A和B、泽渥萜。
7.根据方案6的球囊导管,其中所述活性剂选自:
紫杉醇、紫杉烷类、多西他赛、白蛋白结合型紫杉醇、如nap-紫杉醇、西罗莫司、biolimus A9、吡美莫司、依维莫司、唑罗莫司、他克莫司、白蛋白结合型西罗莫司、如nap-西罗莫司、法舒地尔和埃坡霉素。
8.根据方案7的球囊导管,其中所述活性剂是紫杉醇或西罗莫司。
9.根据方案1-4中任意一项的球囊导管,其中所述涂层还包含水溶性聚合物和/或增塑剂。
10.根据方案9的球囊导管,其中所述水溶性聚合物选自:纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、淀粉、羟乙基淀粉、聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯亚胺、右旋糖酐、琼脂、角叉菜胶、藻酸盐、这些物质的共聚物和/或混合物。
11.对根据方案1的球囊导管涂覆的方法,其包括以下步骤:
IA)提供未涂覆的球囊导管;
和
IIA)提供活性剂和水溶性虫胶盐的水溶液;
或
IIB)提供活性剂的溶液并提供水溶性虫胶盐的水溶液;
和
IIIA)用活性剂和水溶性虫胶盐的水溶液对球囊导管的球囊表面涂覆;
或
IIIB)用活性剂的溶液、随后用水溶性虫胶盐的水溶液对球囊导管的球囊表面涂覆,或者用水溶性虫胶盐的水溶液、随后用活性剂的溶液对球囊导管的球囊表面涂覆;
IV)干燥涂覆的球囊,
其中使用虫胶的碱盐或铵盐制备水溶性虫胶盐的水溶液或活性剂和水溶性虫胶盐的水溶液。
12.根据方案11的方法,其中虫胶的铵盐的溶液是氨、碳酸铵或碳酸氢铵和虫胶的溶液。
13.根据方案11或12的方法,其中所述活性剂是紫杉醇或西罗莫司。
14.根据方案11至13中的任意一项的方法,其中通过喷雾涂覆、涂刷涂覆、气相沉积或移液的方式施加含活性剂的溶液。
15.可以通过根据方案11至14中任意一项的方法获得的涂覆球囊导管。
Claims (17)
1.一种球囊导管,其特征在于,其包含具有活性剂和水溶性虫胶盐的涂层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的球囊导管,其特征在于,所述水溶性虫胶盐是虫胶铵盐。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的球囊导管,其特征在于,所述涂层包含活性剂的浓度梯度。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的球囊导管,其特征在于,活性剂的浓度梯度位于作为基质材料的水溶性虫胶盐层中。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的球囊导管,其特征在于,所述活性剂为抗再狭窄剂、抗增殖剂、免疫抑制剂、抗血管生成剂、抗炎剂和/或抗血栓形成剂。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的球囊导管,其特征在于,所述活性剂选自:
阿昔单抗、阿西美辛、乙酰基维司米通B、阿柔比星、腺苷蛋氨酸、阿霉素、七叶皂苷、阿夫罗摩辛、阿卡加林、阿地白介素、胺碘酮、胺鲁米特、安吖啶、阿那白滞素、阿那曲唑、白头翁素、anopterine、抗真菌剂、抗血栓剂、毒毛旋花甙元、阿加曲班、马兜铃酸内酰胺-AI I、马兜铃酸、子囊霉素、天冬酰胺酶、阿司匹林、阿托伐他汀、金诺芬、咪唑硫嘌呤、阿奇霉素、浆果素、巴佛洛霉素、巴利昔单抗、苯达莫司汀、苯佐卡因、小檗碱、白桦脂醇、白桦脂酸、白果酚、双帕司诺定、博来霉素、康普瑞汀、乳香酸、鸦胆子酚A、B和C、落地生根毒素A、白消安、抗凝血酶、比伐卢定、钙粘附素、喜树碱、卡培他滨、邻氨甲酰基苯氧乙酸、卡铂、卡莫司汀、塞来昔布、千金藤素、西立伐他汀、胆固醇酯转运蛋白抑制剂、苯丁酸氮芥、磷酸氯喹、毒芹素、环丙沙星、顺铂、克拉屈滨、克拉霉素、秋水仙碱、吉他霉素、香豆定、C型利钠肽、柘树异黄酮A、姜黄素、环磷酰胺、环孢素A、阿糖胞苷、达卡巴嗪、达利珠单抗、更生霉素、胺苯砜、柔红霉素、双氯芬酸、1,11-二甲氧基铁屎米-6-酮、多烯紫杉醇、多柔比星、道诺霉素、表柔比星、红霉素、雌莫司汀、依托泊苷、依维莫司、非格司亭、氟伯斯汀、氟伐他汀、氟达拉滨、氟达拉滨-5′-磷酸二氢盐、氟尿嘧啶、多叶霉素、磷雌酚、吉西他宾、加拉吉纳苷、银杏酚、银杏酸、糖苷1a,4-羟基环磷酰胺、伊达比星、异环磷酰胺、交沙霉素、拉帕醇、洛莫司汀、洛伐他汀、美法仑、麦迪霉素、米托蒽醌、尼莫司汀、匹伐他汀、普伐他汀、丙卡巴肼、丝裂霉素、氨甲蝶呤、巯嘌呤、硫鸟嘌呤、奥沙利铂、伊立替康、拓扑替康、羟基脲、米替福新、喷司他丁、培门冬酶、依西美坦、雷曲唑、福美坦、霉酚酸酯、β-拉帕醌、鬼臼毒素、鬼臼酸2-乙基酰肼、rhuGM-CSF、聚乙二醇干扰素α-2b、r-HuG-CSF、聚乙二醇、细胞因子拮抗剂、细胞分裂素抑制剂、环氧合酶-2抑制剂、血管抑肽、抑制肌细胞增殖的单克隆抗体、bFGF拮抗剂、普罗布考、前列腺素、1-羟基-11-甲氧基铁屎米-6-酮、东莨菪素、一氧化氮供体、季戊四醇四硝酸酯和斯德酮亚胺、他莫昔芬、星形孢菌素、β-雌二醇、α-雌二醇、雌三醇、雌酮、炔雌醇、甲羟孕酮、环戊丙酸雌二醇、苯甲酸雌二醇、曲尼司特、尾叶香茶菜丙素和其它用于癌症疗法的类萜、维拉帕米、酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、紫杉醇、6-α-羟基-紫杉醇、泰索帝、白蛋白结合型紫杉醇、nap-紫杉醇、莫非布宗、氯那唑酸、利多卡因、酮洛芬、甲芬那酸、吡罗昔康、美洛昔康、青霉胺、羟基氯喹、金硫丁二钠、奥沙西罗、β-谷甾醇、麦替卡因、聚多卡醇、诺香草胺、左薄荷脑、玫瑰树碱、秋水仙胺、细胞松驰素A-E、印丹诺辛、诺考达唑、杆菌肽、玻璃粘连蛋白受体拮抗剂、氮卓斯汀、鸟苷酸环化酶刺激剂、金属蛋白酶-1和金属蛋白酶-2的组织抑制剂、游离核酸、并入病毒传播者中的核酸、脱氧核糖核酸和核糖核酸片段、纤溶酶原活化因子抑制剂-1、纤溶酶原活化因子抑制剂-2、反义寡核苷酸、血管内皮生长因子抑制剂、胰岛素样生长因子1、抗生素群组中的活性剂、头孢羟胺苄、头孢唑林、头孢克洛、头孢噻肟、妥布霉素、庆大霉素、青霉素、双氯西林、苯唑西林、磺胺、甲硝唑、依诺肝素、肝素、水蛭素、D-苯丙氨酸-脯氨酸-精氨酸-氯甲酮、鱼精蛋白、尿激酶原、链激酶、华法林、尿激酶、血管扩张剂、双嘧达莫、曲匹地尔、硝普盐、血小板来源的生长因子拮抗剂、三唑并嘧啶、色拉敏、乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂、卡托普利、西拉普利、赖诺普利、依那普利、氯沙坦、硫蛋白酶抑制剂、前列环素、伐哌前列素、干扰素α、干扰素β和干扰素γ、组胺拮抗剂、血清素阻断剂、细胞凋亡抑制剂、细胞凋亡调控剂、卤夫酮、硝苯地平、生育酚、曲尼司特、吗多明、茶多酚、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、来氟米特、依那西普、柳氮磺吡啶、四环素、曲安西龙、突变霉素、普鲁卡因胺、视黄酸、奎尼丁、丙吡胺、氟卡尼、普罗帕酮、索他洛尔、天然和合成得到的类固醇,落地生根毒素A、桦褐孔菌醇、马奎桑苷A、加拉吉纳苷、曼松宁、鹊肾树苷、氢化可的松、倍他米松、地塞米松,非类固醇物质、非诺洛芬、布洛芬、吲哚美辛、萘普生、保泰松、抗病毒剂、阿昔洛韦、更昔洛韦、齐多夫定、克霉唑、氟胞嘧啶、灰黄霉素、酮康唑、咪康唑、制霉菌素、特比萘芬、抗原虫剂、氯喹、甲氟喹、奎宁、天然类萜、海马钙蛋白、玉蕊醇-C21-当归酸酯、14-脱氢大戟毒素、大戟素、大戟毒素、17-羟基大戟毒素、防风草内酯、4,7-氧基环防风草酸、类酒神菊素B1、B2、B3和B7、土贝母苷、抗痢鸦胆子苷C、鸦胆子苷N和P、异脱氧地胆草素、白花地胆草素A和B、姜花素A、B、C和D、熊果酸、西皮他可酸A、异-德国鸢尾醛、变叶美登木醇、香茶菜戊素A、香茶菜甲素和香茶菜乙素、长管香茶菜素B、黄花香茶菜丙素、卡米宝素、总序香茶菜A和B、13,18-脱氢-6-α-千里光酰氧基查普林、红豆杉素A和B、瑞吉罗尔、雷公藤甲素、磁麻苷、hydroxyanopterine、原白头翁素、氯化车立布素、千斤藤素A和B、二氢两面针碱、氯化两面针碱、12-β-羟基孕二烯-3,20-二酮、土木香灵、大尾摇碱、大尾摇碱-N-氧化物、毛果天芥菜碱、桦褐孔菌醇、鬼臼毒素、爵床脂素A和B、拉瑞汀、野桐碱、野桐色原烷醇、异丁酰基野桐色原烷醇、地钱A、美登素、莱克瑞欣、玛吉汀、水鬼蕉碱、鹅掌楸碱、氧化黄心树宁碱、杠柳苷A、脱氧普梭草素、九节木素、蓖麻毒素A、血根碱、满屋小麦酸、甲基珍珠梅苷、芸香科的色酮、斯替左普林、二氢乌撒巴任辛、羟基乌撒巴林、马线子碱五胺、马线子碱普林、乌撒巴林、乌撒巴任辛、鹅掌楸碱、西瑞香素、落叶松脂醇、甲氧基落叶松脂醇、丁香脂素、西罗莫司、biolimus A9、吡美莫司、依维莫司、唑罗莫司、他克莫司、白蛋白结合型西罗莫司、nap-西罗莫司、法舒地尔、埃坡霉素、生长抑素、罗红霉素、醋竹桃霉素、辛伐他汀、罗苏伐他汀、长春花碱、长春新碱、长春地辛、替尼泊苷、长春瑞宾、曲磷胺、曲奥舒凡、替莫唑胺、塞替派、维甲酸、螺旋霉素、伞形花内酯、脱乙酰基维司米通A、维司米通A和B、泽渥萜。
7.根据权利要求6所述的球囊导管,其特征在于,所述活性剂选自:
紫杉醇、紫杉烷类、多西他赛、白蛋白结合型紫杉醇、如nap-紫杉醇、西罗莫司、biolimus A9、吡美莫司、依维莫司、唑罗莫司、他克莫司、白蛋白结合型西罗莫司、如nap-西罗莫司、法舒地尔和埃坡霉素。
8.根据权利要求7所述的球囊导管,其特征在于,所述活性剂是紫杉醇或西罗莫司。
9.根据权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的球囊导管,其特征在于,所述涂层还包含水溶性聚合物和/或增塑剂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的球囊导管,其特征在于,所述水溶性聚合物选自:纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、淀粉、羟乙基淀粉、聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯亚胺、右旋糖酐、琼脂、角叉菜胶、藻酸盐、这些物质的共聚物和/或混合物。
11.根据权利要求1-10中任意一项所述的球囊导管,其特征在于,所述活性剂在导管球囊上的表面负载量为0.1μg/mm2至30μg/mm2,优选为1μg/mm2至15μg/mm2,更优选为2μg/mm2至10μg/mm2,最优选为2.5μg/mm2至5μg/mm2。
12.根据权利要求1所述的球囊导管,其特征在于,所述球囊导管用于治疗心血管疾病,更优选用于治疗和预防支架内再狭窄,特别优选用于治疗小脉管,所述小脉管优选为冠状动脉或血管直径小于2.5mm的脉管。
13.对根据权利要求1所述的球囊导管涂覆的方法,其特征在于,其包括以下步骤:
IA)提供未涂覆的球囊导管;
和
IIA)提供活性剂和水溶性虫胶盐的水溶液;
或
IIB)提供活性剂的溶液并提供水溶性虫胶盐的水溶液;
和
IIIA)用活性剂和水溶性虫胶盐的水溶液对球囊导管的球囊表面涂覆;
或
IIIB)用活性剂的溶液、随后用水溶性虫胶盐的水溶液对球囊导管的球囊表面涂覆,或者用水溶性虫胶盐的水溶液、随后用活性剂的溶液对球囊导管的球囊表面涂覆;
IV)干燥涂覆的球囊,
其中使用虫胶的碱盐或铵盐制备水溶性虫胶盐的水溶液或活性剂和水溶性虫胶盐的水溶液。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,虫胶的铵盐的溶液是氨、碳酸铵或碳酸氢铵和虫胶的溶液。
15.根据权利要求13或14所述的方法,其特征在于,所述活性剂是紫杉醇或西罗莫司。
16.根据权利要求13至15中的任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,通过喷雾涂覆、涂刷涂覆、气相沉积或移液的方式施加含活性剂的溶液。
17.通过根据权利要求13至16中任意一项所述的方法获得的涂覆球囊导管。
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CN112805042A (zh) * | 2018-09-19 | 2021-05-14 | 亚历山大·卢本 | 球囊导管球囊的活性物质涂层 |
CN113491345A (zh) * | 2020-04-07 | 2021-10-12 | 云南恩典科技产业发展有限公司 | 一种具有抗菌功能的爆珠壁材及爆珠的制备方法 |
CN113491345B (zh) * | 2020-04-07 | 2023-03-28 | 云南恩典科技产业发展有限公司 | 一种具有抗菌功能的爆珠壁材及爆珠的制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ES2592432T3 (es) | 2016-11-30 |
PL2958607T3 (pl) | 2016-12-30 |
HUE029575T2 (en) | 2017-03-28 |
CN107823720B (zh) | 2021-01-29 |
DK2958607T3 (en) | 2016-08-29 |
AU2014261331B2 (en) | 2018-02-22 |
CN107823719B (zh) | 2021-01-29 |
HK1207993A1 (zh) | 2016-02-19 |
CN107823721A (zh) | 2018-03-23 |
WO2014177678A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 |
JP2016518200A (ja) | 2016-06-23 |
AU2014261331A1 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
BR112015027443A2 (pt) | 2017-08-29 |
CN107823719A (zh) | 2018-03-23 |
CN104394898B (zh) | 2017-10-13 |
PT2958607T (pt) | 2016-09-29 |
JP6165970B2 (ja) | 2017-07-19 |
BR112015027443B1 (pt) | 2020-06-09 |
US20160082159A1 (en) | 2016-03-24 |
CA2910336C (en) | 2021-08-03 |
CN104394898A (zh) | 2015-03-04 |
CN107823721B (zh) | 2021-01-29 |
CA2910336A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 |
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