CN107787756B

CN107787756B - Pear tree and fruit mulberry interplanting method

Info

Publication number: CN107787756B
Application number: CN201711120290.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘珠琴; 张成军; 黄宗兴; 章建红; 杨同辉; 焦云
Original assignee: Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2017-11-14
Filing date: 2017-11-14
Publication date: 2020-11-10
Anticipated expiration: 2037-11-14
Also published as: CN107787756A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for interplanting pear trees and fruit mulberries, and relates to the technical field of planting. The method comprises the following steps: selecting early-maturing mulberry varieties with good quality and strong growth potential, such as Dadeca seedless and Hongguo No. 1; selecting early-middle-ripe pear varieties with the maturity period from late 6 months to late 7 months, such as jade and jade crown; adopting row spacing of 2 m-3 m, alternatively planting pear trees and fruit mulberry in a plant-separated mode or in an interlaced mode, and keeping piles of 20 cm-35 cm after picking fruit mulberry for summer cutting. According to the method, the pear trees and the fruit mulberry are interplanted, and summer cutting is performed after the fruit mulberry is picked by utilizing the difference of the phenological periods of the fruit mulberry and the pear and the fruit mulberry, so that the fruit tree gaps are increased, the ventilation and light transmission problems of an orchard are relieved, the illumination time of fruits is prolonged, the fruit quality is improved, meanwhile, the picking period of the orchard is prolonged, the economic benefit of the orchard is increased, and the method has a wide market application prospect.

Description

Pear tree and fruit mulberry interplanting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a method for interplanting pear trees and fruit mulberries.

Background

With the adjustment of the rural planting structure, the fruit tree industry is rapidly developed, the area of the orchard is remarkably increased, and the orchard intercropping or interplanting needs to be carried out in order to fully utilize orchard resources and further improve the overall economic and ecological benefits of the orchard. The existing fruit tree interplanting mode is generally to interplant fruit trees and other short crops such as vegetables, Chinese medicinal materials and the like, and the intercropping or the interplanting of the fruit trees and the fruit trees in the production is very rare.

Along with the development of leisure agriculture and country tourism industry, more and more people go to the orchard to pick, but the variety is single in the orchard, the picking period is short, and is unfavorable for its development, therefore, rationally interplanting different fruit tree varieties in the orchard can satisfy people's demand to fruit diversification to the picking time is prolonged. The pears are deciduous trees, are generally planted at the plant-row spacing of 3-4 m multiplied by 4m, and the tree height is controlled at 2.5-3 m; 3, blooming in late ten days, gradually unfolding leaves and beginning to grow branches; after the full bearing period, along with the expansion of the crown, the ventilation and light transmission in the orchard are weakened, and the quality of pears is affected. The fruit mulberry is a perennial deciduous small tree, is generally planted in a middle and low-dry close planting mode in production, fruits are ripe from 4 late months to 5 middle and late months, after the fruit mulberry is picked, summer cutting is carried out at a position 45-100 cm away from the ground from 5 middle and late months to 6 upper months, and the tree vigor is recovered in 8 months. Therefore, the pear trees and the mulberry are interplanted through reasonable layout, the problem of single fruit in the orchard is solved, the space of the orchard can be fully utilized, the picking period is prolonged, and the economic benefit of the orchard is increased.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method for interplanting pear trees and fruit mulberry aiming at the fact that different fruit trees are not interplanted in production, interplanting is carried out through reasonable layout, the climate period difference of pears and fruit mulberries and summer cutting after fruit mulberry picking are utilized, the fruit tree gaps are increased, the ventilation and light transmission problems of a pear orchard are relieved, the fruit illumination time is prolonged, the fruit quality is improved, meanwhile, the picking period of the orchard is prolonged, and the economic benefit of the orchard is increased.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for interplanting pear trees and fruit mulberries comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting varieties of fruit mulberry: early-maturing mulberry varieties with good quality and strong growth potential are selected, and the mulberry varieties can adopt No. 1 red fruit and Dachang without seeds.

(2) Selecting varieties of pear trees: selecting early-middle-ripe pear varieties with maturity from late 6 months to late 7 months, wherein the pear varieties can adopt emerald jade, emerald green crown and the like.

(3) The planting mode is as follows: the row spacing of 2 m-3 m is adopted for planting, and the pear trees and the fruit mulberry trees are alternately planted in a separated plant mode or in an interlaced mode.

(4) The cultivation management method comprises the following steps: before field planting, 5000kg of organic fertilizer and 150kg of compound fertilizer are broadcast to each mu, then the whole garden is ploughed, and after leveling, planting holes are dug according to the planting mode to plant pear seedlings and fruit mulberry seedlings. Pear seedlings are planted by digging fixed planting holes according to the plant spacing of 2-3 m, a natural open-core tree form is adopted for shaping and pruning, and the later management method is the same as the management method when no interplanting is carried out. And digging fixed planting holes for planting the fruit mulberry according to the plant spacing of 3m or 25 cm-50 cm, shaping and pruning by adopting a low-dry tree form, and after fruiting every year, keeping piles for 20 cm-35 cm, and pruning all branches at the upper part to promote new branches.

Preferably, in the planting mode, the pear trees and the fruit mulberry are alternately planted at intervals, the row spacing is 3m, the plant spacing is 2m, and the fruit mulberry is planted in a triangular shape with three plants in one hole.

Preferably, in the planting mode, the pear trees and the fruit mulberry are alternately planted in an interlaced mode, the row spacing is 2m, the row spacing of the pear trees is 3m, the row spacing of the fruit mulberry is 25-50 cm, and one plant is planted in one hole.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the pear trees and the fruit mulberry are interplanted, the fruit mulberry and the pear fruit have different maturation periods, the picking period of the orchard is prolonged, and the production of the sightseeing picking orchard is facilitated.

(2) According to the invention, the mulberry is harvested in low-dry summer, so that the ground space is increased, the ventilation and light transmission problems among pear trees are relieved, the illumination time of fruits is prolonged, and the quality of the fruits is improved; meanwhile, the planting distance of the fruit trees is reduced within the contract range, the yield of unit area is increased, and the economic income of fruit growers is increased.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.

The specific implementation mode adopts the following technical scheme: a method for interplanting pear trees and fruit mulberries comprises the following steps:

(3) The planting mode is as follows: the row spacing of 2 m-3 m is adopted for planting, and the pear trees and the fruit mulberry trees are alternately planted in a separated plant mode or in an interlaced mode. When planting at intervals, the row spacing is 3m, the plant spacing is 2m, and the fruit mulberry is planted by adopting a planting method of three plants in one hole and is planted in a triangular shape; when the plants are planted in an interlaced way, the row spacing is 2m, the row spacing of the pear trees is 3m, and the row spacing of the fruit trees and the mulberry trees is 25 cm-50 cm, and the planting method of one plant in one hole is adopted for planting.

(4) The cultivation management method comprises the following steps: before field planting, 5000kg of organic fertilizer and 150kg of compound fertilizer are broadcast to each mu, then the whole garden is ploughed, and after leveling, planting holes are dug according to the planting mode to plant pear seedlings and fruit mulberry seedlings. Pear seedlings are planted by digging fixed planting holes according to the plant spacing of 2-3 m, a natural open-core tree shape is adopted for shaping and pruning, and the later management method is the same as the management method when no interplanting is carried out. And digging fixed planting holes for planting the fruit mulberry according to the plant spacing of 3m or 25 cm-50 cm, shaping and pruning by adopting a low-dry tree form, and after fruiting every year, keeping piles for 20 cm-35 cm, and pruning all branches at the upper part to promote new branches.

It is noted that the three-plant planting method in one hole of the mulberry in the step (3) comprises the following steps: selecting robust and uniform disease-free mulberry seedlings, planting 3 mulberry seedlings in a triangular shape in each hole, planting, leveling, and watering once for rooting; when the young shoots grow to 0.1-0.2 m, picking cores, and promoting 2-3 mulberry shoots to sprout at the upper axillary buds of each plant; and (4) after fruiting every year, keeping the piles for 20-35 cm, and trimming all upper branches to promote new branches. The pear tree planting method is the same as that of the pear tree planting method without interplanting.

According to the specific embodiment, the pear trees and the fruit mulberry are interplanted, the climate period difference of the fruit mulberry and the pear and summer cutting after fruit mulberry picking are utilized, fruit tree gaps are increased, the ventilation and light transmission problems of a pear garden are relieved, the fruit illumination time is prolonged, the fruit quality is improved, meanwhile, the orchard picking period is prolonged, the orchard economic benefit is increased, and the market application prospect is wide.

Example 1: a method for interplanting pear trees and fruit mulberries comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting varieties of fruit mulberry: selecting seeds with excellent quality and strong growth potential;

(2) selecting varieties of pear trees: selecting jade pears with the mature period in the middle 7-month late ten days;

(3) the planting mode is as follows: alternately planting Seedless Dashi and Cuiyu pears by using alternate plants;

(4) the cultivation management method comprises the following steps: before field planting, 5000kg of organic fertilizer and 150kg of compound fertilizer are broadcast to each mu, then the whole garden is ploughed, fixed planting holes are dug according to a planting mode after leveling, emerald pear seedlings and red fruit No. 1 fruit and mulberry seedlings are planted, fixed planting holes are dug for the pear seedlings according to a 4m multiplied by 3m plant row spacing for planting, and natural open-heart tree shapes are adopted for shaping and pruning; and digging fixed planting holes for planting the fruit mulberry according to the row spacing of 4m multiplied by 3m, pruning by adopting a low-dry tree form, and after fruiting every year, keeping 20cm of piles, pruning all branches at the upper part, and promoting the new branches to grow.

55 pear seedlings and 165 mulberry seedlings can be planted per mu by the method.

Example 2: a method for interplanting pear trees and fruit mulberries comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting varieties of fruit mulberry: selecting red fruit No. 1 mulberries with excellent quality and strong growth vigor;

(2) selecting varieties of pear trees: selecting Cuiguan pears with the mature period in the middle and last 7 months;

(3) the planting mode is as follows: the red fruit No. 1 and the green-crown pears are alternately planted in an interlaced manner, the plant spacing of the green-crown pears is 3m, and the plant spacing of the seedless big ten-fruit mulberry is 50 cm;

(4) the cultivation management method comprises the following steps: before field planting, spreading 5000kg of organic fertilizer and 150kg of compound fertilizer per mu, then ploughing the whole garden, digging fixed planting holes according to a planting mode after leveling, planting green crown pear seedlings and seedless ten-fruit mulberry seedlings, digging fixed planting holes for planting the pear seedlings according to a row spacing of 3m multiplied by 4m, and shaping and pruning by adopting a natural open-core tree shape; and digging fixed planting holes for planting the fruit mulberry according to the row spacing of 50cm multiplied by 4m, pruning by adopting a low-dry tree form, and after fruiting every year, keeping 35cm of piles, pruning all upper branches, and promoting new branches to grow.

55 pear seedlings and 333 mulberry seedlings can be planted per mu by the method.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. The pear tree and fruit mulberry interplanting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) selecting varieties of fruit mulberry: selecting early-maturing mulberry varieties with excellent quality and strong growth potential;

(2) selecting varieties of pear trees: selecting early middle ripe pear varieties with the mature period from late 6 months to late 7 months;

(3) the planting mode is as follows: the pear trees and the fruit mulberry are alternately planted in a plant separation mode or in an interlaced mode;

(4) the cultivation management method comprises the following steps: before field planting, spreading 5000kg of organic fertilizer and 150kg of compound fertilizer per mu, then ploughing the whole garden, digging and fixing planting holes according to a planting mode after leveling, and planting pear seedlings and fruit mulberry seedlings; digging fixed planting holes for planting pear seedlings, and pruning by adopting a natural open-core tree shape, wherein the later management method is the same as the management method when no interplanting is carried out; digging fixed planting holes for planting the fruit mulberries;

the mulberry variety in the step (1) is a No. 1 early-maturing variety of Seedless Dashi and Hongguo;

the pear varieties in the step (2) are emerald green and emerald green crown early-medium-maturing varieties;

the planting mode in the step (3) is that the pear trees and the fruit mulberry are alternately planted in a separated plant mode or an interlaced mode; when alternate planting is carried out at intervals, the row spacing is 3m, the plant spacing is 2m, and three mulberry plants are planted in a triangular manner in one hole; when the alternate planting is carried out in an interlaced way, the row spacing is 2m, the row spacing of the pear trees is 3m, the row spacing of the fruit trees is 25 cm-50 cm, and one plant is planted in one hole;

and (4) pruning the mulberry trees by adopting a low-dry tree form, keeping the piles for 20-35 cm after fruiting every year, and pruning all upper branches to promote new branches.