CN107407421B - 在水环境中使用的机械密封装置及其滑动环 - Google Patents

在水环境中使用的机械密封装置及其滑动环 Download PDF

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CN107407421B
CN107407421B CN201680008558.1A CN201680008558A CN107407421B CN 107407421 B CN107407421 B CN 107407421B CN 201680008558 A CN201680008558 A CN 201680008558A CN 107407421 B CN107407421 B CN 107407421B
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中村启太郎
铃木仁
长田晴裕
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Abstract

本发明的目的在于提供一种在水环境中使用的机械密封装置及其滑动环,该机械密封装置即使在超纯水、纯水等水环境中使用的情况下,也能够极力抑制SiO2在SiC制的滑动环上的附着,从而能够维持长期稳定的密封效果。该在水环境中使用的机械密封装置通过将SiC制的静止侧滑动环和与该静止侧滑动环对置配置的SiC制的旋转侧滑动环的对置的滑动面彼此密接,由此对超纯水、纯水等电阻率值高的被密封流体进行密封,包含所述滑动面的滑动环是由向作为母材的SiC中混配Al添加剂而得到的材料的烧结体构成,包含该滑动面的滑动环的电阻率值为100Ω·cm以下。

Description

在水环境中使用的机械密封装置及其滑动环
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在水环境中使用的机械密封装置及其滑动环,该机械密封装置通过静止侧滑动环和与静止侧滑动环对置配置的旋转侧滑动环的对置的滑动面彼此的密接来对被密封流体进行密封。
背景技术
机械密封装置根据用途而在静止侧滑动环和与静止侧滑动环对置配置的旋转侧滑动环的对置的滑动面各种材料。
特别是在避讳污染物的用途中,使用SiC作为滑动环的材料,该SiC在滑动环下的磨耗少。例如在为了清洗、冷却而使用超纯水、纯水的半导体制造工厂、原子能相关设施等中使用的机械密封的两滑动环中,均采用所述SiC制的滑动环。但是,在两滑动环的滑动面上确认到有二氧化硅(SiO2)的堆积且表面产生白色化的现象。
还确认到下述不良情况:SiO2不仅成为被密封流体的污染源,而且由于SiO2的堆积而损害滑动面的密封性或者在滑动面产生碎屑、表面粗糙。尚未正确阐明碎屑、表面粗糙的机理,但由发明人的研究可知它们与SiO2在滑动面的堆积有关。
对于被认为是导致滑动面的异常磨耗的要因的这些SiO2的堆积,据认为其原因还在于超纯水、纯水等的高电阻率值(4MΩ·cm以上)。为了使SiO2不堆积在滑动面上,提出了在一方滑动环或两滑动环的滑动面上设置电阻率值为1Ω·cm以下的SiC化学蒸镀膜(专利文献1)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2008-25597号公报(第0024、0027、0031段、图2、3)
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
在上述专利文献1中,在利用电阻率值高的烧结体的SiC形成的滑动环上施加电阻率值低至20Ω·m、膜厚50μm的SiC化学蒸镀膜。但是,现状是即使在专利文献1所示的膜厚薄的SiC化学蒸镀膜上,也无法充分解决由于SiO2的堆积而损害滑动面的密封性、或者在滑动面产生碎屑、表面粗糙的不良情况。
作为其原因,认为如下:SiC化学蒸镀膜因其制造方法而厚度存在局限,对于在滑动部产生的电荷的量,导电路径的通过截面狭窄而无法迅速释放在滑动部产生的电荷,从而无法充分抑制SiO2的附着。特别是对于某些实施SiC化学蒸镀膜的位置,限制了释放电荷的导电路径,该问题显著。
本发明是着眼于这样的问题而完成的,其目的在于提供一种机械密封装置及其滑动环,该机械密封装置即使在超纯水、纯水等水环境中使用的情况下,也能够极力抑制SiO2在SiC制的滑动环上的附着,从而能够维持长期稳定的密封效果。
用于解决课题的手段
为了解决上述问题,本发明的在水环境中使用的机械密封装置的特征在于,
该在水环境中使用的机械密封装置通过SiC制的静止侧滑动环和与该静止侧滑动环对置配置的SiC制的旋转侧滑动环的对置的滑动面彼此的密接对超纯水、纯水等电阻率值高的被密封流体进行密封,
包含所述滑动面的滑动环是由向作为母材的SiC中混配Al添加剂而得到的材料的烧结体构成的,包含该滑动面的滑动环的电阻率值为100Ω·cm以下。
根据该特征,包含所述滑动面的滑动环可以由向SiC中混配Al添加剂而得到的材料的烧结体整体地进行制造,因此滑动环本身作为电阻率值为100Ω·cm以下的低电阻且大容积的吸电体发挥功能,不易在滑动面上积存电荷。因此,能够抑制由于电化学反应导致的SiO2在滑动面及其附近的附着、滑动面的腐蚀,从而能够长期确保良好的密封性。
本发明的机械密封装置的特征在于,所述滑动环是在滑动面上含有15%以上的4H结晶结构的SiC。
根据该特征,能够降低滑动环的电阻率值,即使在水环境中使用,也不会在滑动面上产生堆积,能够确保良好的密封性。
本发明的机械密封装置的特征在于,所述滑动环是含有15R结晶结构的SiC。
根据该特征,能够降低滑动环的电阻率值,即使在水环境中使用,也不会在滑动面产生堆积,能够确保良好的密封性。
本发明的机械密封装置的特征在于,所述静止侧滑动环中的包含滑动面的滑动环主体和所述旋转侧滑动环中的包含滑动面的滑动环主体这两滑动环主体是由向作为母材的SiC中混配Al添加剂而得到的材料的烧结体构成的。
根据该特征,对于在滑动面产生的电荷,两滑动环主体协同作为大容积的吸电体发挥功能,因此能够极力抑制SiO2在SiC制的滑动环上的附着。需要说明的是,滑动环主体具有滑动环的滑动面和主体部,包括仅由滑动环主体构成滑动环的情况和由滑动环主体和其他体构成滑动环的情况。
本发明的机械密封装置的特征在于,至少一方的所述滑动环在其烧结体的滑动面上露出有平均直径10~60μm的气孔。
根据该特征,滑动面上露出有微小的气孔,因此被密封流体、润滑剂等进入气孔中,提高润滑效果。
本发明的机械密封装置的特征在于,至少一方的所述滑动环中所述Al添加剂为平均直径10~60μm的氧化铝。
根据该特征,由于所述Al添加剂,在滑动面上形成平均直径10~60μm的气孔。滑动面上露出微小的气孔,因此被密封流体、润滑剂等进入气孔,提高润滑效果。
本发明的机械密封装置的特征在于,所述滑动环为下述材料的烧结体,所述材料混配有B源0.05~0.5重量%、C源1.0~3.0重量%和Al添加剂0.25~1.25重量%、规定量的结合剂、分散剂、脱模剂、作为余量的SiC。
根据该特征,滑动环的电阻率值低至100Ω·cm以下,即使在水环境中使用,也不易产生白色SiO2堆积物,能够确保良好的密封性。
本发明的机械密封装置的滑动环的特征在于,包含滑动面的滑动环是由向SiC中混配Al添加剂而得到的材料的烧结体构成的,该包含滑动面的滑动环的电阻率值为100Ω·cm以下。
根据该特征,所述包含滑动面的滑动环是向SiC中混配Al添加剂而得到的材料的烧结体,因此滑动环本身作为电阻率值为100Ω·cm以下的低电阻且大容积的吸电体发挥功能,从而不易在滑动面上积存电荷。因此,能够抑制由于电化学反应导致的SiO2在滑动面及其附近的附着、滑动面的腐蚀,从而能够长期确保良好的密封性。
附图说明
图1为评价机械密封装置的密封性能的试验装置的示意图。
图2为示出试样A的滑动环的滑动面的基于扫描型电子显微镜(SEM)的拍摄图像。
图3为示出试样B的滑动环的滑动面的基于扫描型电子显微镜(SEM)的拍摄图像。
具体实施方式
以下,基于实施方式对本发明的在水环境中使用的机械密封装置及其滑动环进行说明。
对用于制造机械密封装置的滑动环的材料的配方A~C进行说明。各配方如下。
配方A
·主成分:碳化硅微粉末(平均粒径:0.7μm、纯度97%)、余量
·B源:碳化硼微粉末(平均粒径:0.6μm)、0.14重量%
·C源:水溶性酚醛树脂、2.0重量%
·Al添加剂:氧化铝粉末、0.5重量%、平均粒径0.5μm
·其他:规定量的结合剂、分散剂、脱模剂
配方B
·主成分:碳化硅微粉末(平均粒径:0.7μm、纯度97%)、余量
·B源:碳化硼微粉末(平均粒径:0.6μm)、0.14重量%
·C源:水溶性酚醛树脂、2.0重量%
·Al添加剂:氧化铝粉末、1.0重量%、平均粒径2.0μm
·其他:规定量的结合剂、分散剂、脱模剂
配方C
·主成分:碳化硅微粉末(平均粒径:0.7μm、纯度97%)、余量
·B源:碳化硼微粉末(平均粒径:0.6μm)、0.14重量%
·C源:水溶性酚醛树脂、2.0重量%
·其他:规定量的结合剂、分散剂、脱模剂
将配方A~C的调合原料投入振动磨机中混合2小时,使其进行浆料化。对该浆料进行喷雾干燥,制作碳化硅的颗粒。接着,将这些颗粒分别填充至模具中,成型为滑动环(静止侧滑动环和旋转侧滑动环)的形状。将所成型的滑动环脱脂后,在Ar(氩)气氛中,以摄氏2100度进行2小时的烧结。对成为所得到的烧结体的滑动面的面实施研磨加工使表面粗糙度为Ra0.08μm,得到试样A~C。
如图2的SEM拍摄图像所示,对于试样A,在实施了研磨加工的滑动面上观察到在500μm见方内大约分布有1~2个的程度的平均直径为20μm左右的气孔。即,开气孔率小于1.0%。如图3的(a)、(b)、(c)的SEM拍摄图像所示,对于试样B,在施加了研磨加工的滑动面上观察到在100μm见方内大约分布有1~2个的程度的平均直径为20μm左右的气孔。即,开气孔率为1.0~5.0%的范围。开气孔率以全开气孔的面积占有率计如下测定即可:使用显微镜,倍率设为100倍,用CCD相机拍摄滑动面的图像,并利用图像解析装置(Asahi KaseiEngineering株式会社制(A像くん)),使图像内的1个视野的测定面积为9.0×10-2mm2、测定视野数为10、测定总面积为9.0×10-1mm2进行测定。
此外,有无气孔以100μm见方内有无0.5μm以上的开气孔为基准进行判断。对于烧结体中含有气孔的试样B,利用JIS1634对气孔率进行测定,结果为5体积%。另一方面,对于试样A、试样C,气孔率为0体积%。
进一步,以面积比测定滑动面中的结晶结构,结果确认到配方A、B中的SiC中含有较多的4H结晶结构。
将这些结果、配方A~C和试样A~C的成分、气孔和SiC结晶结构汇总于表1。
[表1]
使用利用上述得到的静止侧滑动环和静止侧滑动环,采用图1所示的试验装置,对机械密封装置的性能进行评价。对于试验条件将在下文叙述。试验装置由固定于壳体1的静止侧滑动环10,10、固定于轴2的旋转侧滑动环11,11、从罐3向壳体1内供给纯水的喷射泵4构成。
利用烧结形成的静止侧滑动环10的外径为81mm、内径为56mm、轴方向长度为27mm、滑动突起部的外径为66mm、内径为59mm、轴方向长度为3mm。同样利用烧结形成的旋转侧滑动环11的滑动部侧的外径为75mm、内径为56mm、轴方向长度为10mm、中间部的外径为77mm、内径为69mm、轴方向长度为17mm、作为与滑动部相反侧的二次密封侧的外径为77mm、内径为69mm、轴方向长度为27mm。
对于形成为这些形状的旋转侧滑动环的电阻率值,配方A的烧结体为17Ω·cm、配方B的烧结体为29Ω·cm、配方C的烧结体为1.0×108Ω·cm。同样地,对于静止侧滑动环的电阻率值,配方A的烧结体为6Ω·cm、配方B的烧结体为14Ω·cm、配方C的烧结体为1.0×108Ω·cm。
由上述结果,以面积比计,可以在滑动面上含有15%以上、优选含有25%以上、更优选含有40%以上的4H结晶结构。此外,除了4H结晶结构之外,可以含有15R结晶结构。
作为实施例1~2、比较例1~3,利用如下配方的烧结体的组合作为旋转侧滑动环和静止侧滑动环进行试验。
(实施例1)两滑动环均为配方A的烧结体
(实施例2)两滑动环均为配方B的烧结体
(比较例1)两滑动环均为配方C的烧结体
(比较例2)旋转侧滑动环为配方A的烧结体、静止侧滑动环为配方C的烧结体
(比较例3)旋转侧滑动环为配方B的烧结体、静止侧滑动环为配方C的烧结体
(试验条件)
密封液:超纯水
液温:20℃
液压:0.3MPa
轴转数:1800rpm
评价时间:20小时
(评价方法)
利用上述试验条件进行试验后,利用显微镜从试验装置观察旋转侧滑动环和静止侧滑动环的滑动面上有无SiO2的堆积。此外,对试验中泄漏到试验装置外的超纯水进行回收,测量其量。
将这些结果汇总于表2。
[表2]
如表2所示,对于两滑动环均为电阻率值小的实施例1、2而言,没有泄漏,也没有发现滑动面的变化。另一方面,对于两滑动环均为电阻率值大的比较例1而言,产生泄漏,并发现有SiO2的堆积。此外,对于旋转侧滑动环的电阻率值小、静止侧滑动环的电阻率值大的比较例2、3而言,泄漏量大,并发现有SiO2的堆积。
可知一方滑动环的电阻率值大时,发现有SiO2的堆积,作为密封部件不是优选的。进一步如比较例2、3,可知组合电阻率值小的旋转侧滑动环和电阻率值大的静止侧主动环时,泄漏量大。对于该原因尚不明确,但推测如下:电荷(电子)通过滑动部从电阻率值大的静止侧滑动环移动至电阻率值小的旋转侧滑动环,这带来了某方面的影响。
由此,若使用两滑动环均为电阻率值低至100Ω·cm以下的烧结体,则没有泄漏,在滑动面上没有堆积SiO2,因此优选。此外,利用烧结制造滑动环,因此无需化学蒸镀处理,制造步骤简单。特别是与在滑动环的滑动面以外的内表面等也进行化学蒸镀处理的情况相比,制造步骤简单。进一步,将电阻率值低至100Ω·cm以下的烧结体本身用于滑动环,因此滑动环整体为低电阻体,能够迅速除去滑动面上产生的电荷。即,上述滑动环其本身由SiC构成,因此与SiC膜相比,能够作为吸收较多电荷的吸电体发挥功能。进一步,若构成为将滑动环与导电性的壳体、按压弹簧、壳体、保持器等导电性部件接触,则电荷从滑动环释放至导电性部件,因此优选。并且,滑动环整体的电阻率值小,因此构成为使其与导电性部件接触的情况下,该构成是容易的。
此外,如表1所示,对于配方B的烧结体,在滑动面上确认到形成有平均直径20μm的气孔。对于配方A、C的烧结体,几乎没有确认到气孔,因此认为气孔的平均直径与氧化铝的平均直径相关。由此,作为Al添加剂的氧化铝的平均直径优选为10~60μm。在滑动面上露出有微小的气孔时,被密封流体、润滑剂等进入气孔,润滑效果得以提高。此处,认为气孔的平均直径小于10μm时,润滑效果的提高少,大于60μm时,气孔周围的强度小,成为滑动面粗糙的要因。此外,烧结体本身具有气孔,因此即使滑动面发生磨耗,也会从滑动环内部露出新气孔,因此经过长期间,基于气孔的作用也不会减少。此外,利用的是烧结体本身的气孔,因此与在蒸镀膜上设置气孔的情况相比,上述长期的作用之外,其制造也容易。
以上,利用附图对本发明的实施方式进行了说明,但具体的构成不限于这些实施方式,在不脱离本发明要旨的范围内的变更、追加均属于本发明。
例如,在上述实施方式中,机械密封装置是以串联型的装置为例进行了说明,但不限于此。对两滑动环均使用电阻率值低至100Ω·cm以下的烧结体的情况进行了说明,但也可以为下述组合:一方的滑动环为电阻率值低至100Ω·cm以下的烧结体,另一方的滑动环为仅滑动面附近的电阻率低的烧结体。
此外,作为B源,以碳化硼微粉末为例进行了说明,但也可以为碳化硼微粉末以外的物质。总之,硼作为烧结助剂发挥功能,只要为烧结体能够得到所期望的强度、硬度的材料即可。
此外,作为C源,以水溶性酚醛树脂为例进行了说明,但也可以为水溶性酚醛树脂以外的炭黑。总之,与上述同样,碳作为烧结助剂发挥功能,只要为烧结体能够得到所期望的强度、硬度的材料即可。
此外,作为Al添加剂,以氧化铝粉末为例进行了说明,但也可以为氧化铝粉末以外的氮化铝粉。总之,铝作为低电电阻体发挥功能,只要为烧结体能够得到所期望的电阻率值的材料即可。
符号说明
10 静止侧滑动环
11 旋转侧滑动环

Claims (7)

1.一种在水环境中使用的机械密封装置,其特征在于,
该机械密封装置通过SiC制的静止侧滑动环和与该静止侧滑动环对置配置的SiC制的旋转侧滑动环的对置的滑动面彼此的密接,对电阻率值为4MΩ·cm以上的被密封流体进行密封,
包含所述滑动面的滑动环是由向作为母材的SiC中混配Al添加剂而得到的材料的烧结体构成的,包含该滑动面的滑动环的电阻率值为100Ω·cm以下,
所述滑动环是在滑动面上含有25%以上的4H结晶结构的SiC。
2.如权利要求1所述的在水环境中使用的机械密封装置,其特征在于,
所述滑动环是含有15R结晶结构的SiC。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的在水环境中使用的机械密封装置,其特征在于,
所述静止侧滑动环中的包含滑动面的滑动环主体和所述旋转侧滑动环中的包含滑动面的滑动环主体这两滑动环主体是由向作为母材的SiC中混配Al添加剂而得到的材料的烧结体构成的。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的在水环境中使用的机械密封装置,其特征在于,
至少一方的所述滑动环在其烧结体的滑动面上露出有平均直径为10μm~60μm的气孔。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的在水环境中使用的机械密封装置,其特征在于,
至少一方的所述滑动环中所述Al添加剂为平均直径为10μm~60μm的氧化铝。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的在水环境中使用的机械密封装置,其特征在于,
所述滑动环为下述材料的烧结体,所述材料混配有B源0.05重量%~0.5重量%、C源1.0重量%~3.0重量%和Al添加剂0.25重量%~1.25重量%、规定量的结合剂、分散剂、脱模剂、作为余量的SiC。
7.一种在水环境中使用的机械密封装置的滑动环,其特征在于,包含滑动面的滑动环是由向SiC中混配Al添加剂而得到的材料的烧结体构成,包含该滑动面的滑动环的电阻率值为100Ω·cm以下,所述滑动环是在滑动面上含有25%以上的4H结晶结构的SiC。
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