CN107398274A - 一种降解印染废水中有机污染物的催化剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种降解印染废水中有机污染物的催化剂及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于降解印染废水中有机污染物的催化剂的制备方法,催化剂由作为基体的多孔碳材料和负载在基体上的金属氧化物纳米粒子组成,包括:将间苯二酚、甲醛、三甲基十六烷基溴化胺、多壁碳纳米管以及去离子水先经反应后固化,且固化产物再在高温下煅烧碳化以制得多孔碳材料;将多孔碳材料经硝酸盐溶液浸渍、干燥,并在高温下煅烧后使吸附的硝酸盐会在高温下分解为金属氧化物而附着于多孔碳材料之上。本发明可以根据应用需要,将催化剂原料进行粉碎,筛选出合适的尺寸大小以配合实际工程应用。结合优化的催化氧化工艺,该催化剂可促进印染废水中有机物的快速降解,同时还能大大提高降解百分比,最终使得污水的色度和COD等指标大大降低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种污水用臭氧催化剂领域,特别涉及一种用于臭氧催化降解印染废水中有机污染物的催化剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
纺织印染工业在相当长时间内一直作为我国的实体经济产业之一而蓬勃发展,在过去数十年为我国的经济发展奠定了坚实基础,为GDP的快速增长提供了有力保障。据统计,到目前为止我国仍是纺织品加工的出口第一大国,在外汇创收方面仍然有着举足轻重的作用。然而,纺织印染工业同时又被认为是高污染产业的典型,印染加工耗水量大、能源消耗大,污水排放总量大、污染度高,因而导致的环境污染更加严重。而与这种环境污染关联最大的,则是大量污水排放后导致的水体。究其原因,主要在于纺织材料的湿处理加工往往不能充分利用投加的染化药剂。以活性染料染棉为例,根据工艺的不同,1公斤的棉织物需要约70–150公斤的水。尽管染色工艺和技术逐步改进,但仍有约10-40%的活性染料由于加工过程中的各种原因而不能充分固着于织物上。这部分染料由于水解的缘故无法进行回收利用,通常直接随染液废水一起排放。由于染料污水的色度大,污染度高,未经处理的污水直接排放到自然水体中会导致严重的生态问题。因此,必要的处理手段就必不可少。
印染污水的常规处理方法主要以生物处理法为主。由于处理成本低廉的问题,生物处理法一直是各大污水处理厂的首选技术手段。但该方法有一个显著的不足,即处理时间过长,造成处理效率不高。另外,由于印染污水的排放标准逐年提高,生物处理法的效力也在逐渐弱化。因此,近年来出现一些基于化学高级氧化法的工艺和技术。这其中包括紫外光催化、臭氧催化、电化学氧化等方法。三者之中,臭氧催化氧化法较其余两种有相对更大的应用前景。但就目前而言,臭氧催化氧化法的能耗一直以来都是很大的问题。而这其中最为核心的技术问题在于是否能够开发出高效的催化剂产品,针对不同的有机污染物,在保证提升臭氧催化降解能力的同时,降低臭氧消耗量,避免催化剂失效是目前很大的工程技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于臭氧催化降解印染废水中有机污染物的催化剂及制备方法以克服现有催化氧化中存在的问题。
本发明为了解决上述技术问题,采用的技术方案是:一种用于降解印染废水中有机污染物的催化剂的制备方法,所述催化剂由作为基体的多孔碳材料和负载在所述基体上的金属氧化物纳米粒子组成,包括:
步骤S1:将间苯二酚、甲醛、三甲基十六烷基溴化胺、多壁碳纳米管以及去离子水先经反应后固化,且固化产物再在高温下煅烧碳化以制得所述多孔碳材料;
步骤S2:将所述多孔碳材料经硝酸盐溶液浸渍、干燥,并在高温下煅烧后使吸附的所述硝酸盐会在高温下分解为金属氧化物而附着于所述多孔碳材料之上。
优选地,所述步骤S1包括:
将11克间苯二酚溶解于22–90毫升水中,充分搅拌溶解后再加入0.3–0.5克三甲基十六烷基溴化铵;
上述混合液搅拌均匀后加入0.2–0.5克多壁碳纳米管,并转至超声波常温水浴中进行超声分散处理,以使多壁碳纳米管均匀分散在混合液中;
超声处理120–150分钟后,加入4.6–18.5毫升的甲醛溶液并混合均匀;
将上述分散液转至密闭耐压玻璃试剂瓶中,并置于70–85摄氏度水浴锅中反应20–24小时,反应后混合分散液将从橙色液体转变为黄褐色固体;
将装有黄褐色固体的玻璃试剂瓶转到105–110摄氏度的烘箱中,继续反应5天;
将反应后的固体从密闭玻璃试剂瓶中取出,在常温常差压下自然干燥2天,再在105–110摄氏度红外干燥箱中处理20–24小时;以及
将所得固体在氮气保护下于700–900摄氏度碳化炉中煅烧2–3小时,所得固体为所述多孔碳材料。
优选地,所述步骤S2包括:
将上述制得的所述多孔碳材料粉碎并筛选出10–50目大小的颗粒;
称取上述多孔碳材料颗粒5–10克,倒入装有50–100毫升浓度为0.1–0.5摩尔/升的硝酸盐溶液中;
在室温下充分润湿搅拌后将上述混合液转至恒温恒速震荡的水浴锅中处理24小时;
取出浸渍的多孔碳材料颗粒,先于60摄氏度下干燥24小时,再于105摄氏度下干燥4–8小时;
将上述所得的颗粒置于管式炉中并在氮气保护的条件下在400–650摄氏度下煅烧3–5小时,所得样品即为所述催化剂。
优选地,所述硝酸盐为硝酸钴、硝酸铁、硝酸铜、硝酸镍、硝酸锰中的一种或多种。
相应地,本发明还提供一种用于降解印染废水中有机污染物的催化剂,其特征在于,根据上述任一权利要求所述方法制备得到,所述催化剂由作为基体的多孔碳材料和负载在所述基体上的金属氧化物纳米粒子组成,所述金属氧化物纳米粒子所占的重量为3-10%。
优选地,所述多孔碳材料的孔径大小为7-16纳米,比表面积为540-650平方米/克。
相应地,本发明还提供一种如以上的权利要求所述的催化剂在催化臭氧催化降解印染废水中有机污染物的应用。
与传统臭氧用催化剂相比,本发明有如下优点:根据目标污染物的特性,催化材料可通过调整制备过程进行针对性的优化;催化材料的形貌可根据后续的实际应用情况而更改,适用性更大;催化能力强,可有效提高染料污染物的降解率;催化性能稳定,减少了催化剂在使用过程中的流失。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1所示为三种不同条件下染料废水的COD去除情况;
图2所示为三个不同回用条件下染料废水的COD去除情况。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供一种用于降解印染废水中有机污染物的催化剂,该催化剂由作为基体的多孔碳材料和负载在所述基体上的金属氧化物纳米粒子组成,其中,金属氧化物纳米粒子所占的重量为3-10%。进一步地,多孔碳材料的孔径大小为7-16纳米,比表面积为540-650平方米/克。
本发明还提供一种用于降解印染废水中有机污染物的催化剂的制备方法,包括:
步骤S1:将间苯二酚、甲醛、三甲基十六烷基溴化胺、多壁碳纳米管以及去离子水先经反应后固化,且固化产物再在高温下煅烧碳化以制得所述多孔碳材料;
步骤S2:将所述多孔碳材料经硝酸盐溶液浸渍、干燥,并在高温下煅烧后使吸附的所述硝酸盐会在高温下分解为金属氧化物而附着于所述多孔碳材料之上。
进一步地,所述步骤S1包括:
将11克间苯二酚溶解于22–90毫升水中,充分搅拌溶解后再加入0.3–0.5克三甲基十六烷基溴化铵;
上述混合液搅拌均匀后加入0.2–0.5克多壁碳纳米管,并转至超声波常温水浴中进行超声分散处理,以使多壁碳纳米管均匀分散在混合液中;
超声处理120–150分钟后,加入4.6–18.5毫升的甲醛溶液并混合均匀;
将上述分散液转至密闭耐压玻璃试剂瓶中,并置于70–85摄氏度水浴锅中反应20–24小时,反应后混合分散液将从橙色液体转变为黄褐色固体;
将装有黄褐色固体的玻璃试剂瓶转到105–110摄氏度的烘箱中,继续反应5天;
将反应后的固体从密闭玻璃试剂瓶中取出,在常温常差压下自然干燥2天,再在105–110摄氏度红外干燥箱中处理20–24小时;以及
将所得固体在氮气保护下于700–900摄氏度碳化炉中煅烧2–3小时,所得固体为所述多孔碳材料。
进一步地,所述步骤S2包括:
将上述制得的所述多孔碳材料粉碎并筛选出10–50目大小的颗粒;
称取上述多孔碳材料颗粒5–10克,倒入装有50–100毫升浓度为0.1–0.5摩尔/升的硝酸盐溶液中;
在室温下充分润湿搅拌后将上述混合液转至恒温恒速震荡的水浴锅中处理24小时;
取出浸渍的多孔碳材料颗粒,先于60摄氏度下干燥24小时,再于105摄氏度下干燥4–8小时;
将上述所得的颗粒置于管式炉中且在400–650摄氏度下煅烧3–5小时(氮气保护),所得样品即为所述催化剂。
实施例1:
多孔碳材料的制备:
将11克间苯二酚溶解于50毫升水中,充分搅拌溶解后再加入0.3克三甲基十六烷基溴化铵;待溶解后再后加入0.3克多壁碳纳米管,并转至超声波常温水浴中进行超声分散处理120分钟;随后加入10毫升的甲醛溶液,混合均匀后转至密闭耐压玻璃试剂瓶中,于70摄氏度水浴锅中反应24小时;将固化后的“分散液”(黄褐色)转到105摄氏度的烘箱中继续反应5天;随后,将反应后的固体从密闭玻璃试剂瓶中取出,在常温常差压下自然干燥2天,并在105摄氏度的红外干燥箱中处理20小时;最后,将所得固体在氮气保护下于800摄氏度碳化炉中煅烧2小时,得到孔径大小为15纳米、比表面积为612平方米/克的多孔碳材料。
催化剂的制备:
根据需要,将上述多孔碳材料粉碎并筛选出20–30目的颗粒,称取10克倒入装有50毫升浓度为0.5摩尔/升的硝酸钴溶液中;在室温下充分润湿搅拌后将上述混合液转至恒温震荡水浴锅中处理24小时,期间保持温度在45摄氏度,震荡速率恒定在400转/分钟;随后取出浸渍的黑色碳材料颗粒,先于60摄氏度下干燥24小时,再于105摄氏度下干燥4小时;最后将上述所得的颗粒置于管式炉中在650摄氏度下煅烧5小时(氮气保护),所得样品即为所述的催化剂。
应用催化剂催化降解废水中的染料:
称取制备的催化剂1克,投入臭氧催化降解模拟染料污水(C.I.活性黑5)反应瓶中进行催化氧化处理(曝气式)。反应条件如下:反应温度为30摄氏度,pH值为5.1(即初始染液浓度),臭氧曝气量为4.0克/分钟,初始染料浓度为0.8克/升(初始COD为625毫克/升)。图1所示为三种不同条件下染料废水的COD去除情况,分别为催化臭氧氧化(臭氧+催化剂)、臭氧氧化(臭氧)、催化剂物理吸附(氧气+催化剂)。由图可知,该新型催化剂的催化效果显著,相比单一的臭氧氧化而言,可以提升臭氧催化效率约50%。由于该催化剂的物理吸附能力相对较小,和COD的总体去除率相比几乎可以忽略不计,因此可以证实该种催化剂的催化作用是基于化学催化氧化,而非物理吸附。
催化剂的回用性能测试:
称取制备的催化剂1克,投入臭氧催化降解模拟染料污水(C.I.活性蓝19)反应瓶中进行催化氧化处理(曝气式)。反应条件如下:反应温度为60摄氏度,pH值为5.64(即初始染液浓度),臭氧曝气量为2.5克/分钟,初始染料浓度为0.8克/升(初始COD为722毫克/升)。每个回用测试(催化降解)工序完成后,催化剂从反应瓶中过滤取出,直接投入下一回用测试中使用。图2所示为三个不同回用条件下染料废水的COD去除情况。单个回用测试的持续时间分别为1小时、2小时和3小时。由图可知,该新型催化剂的催化效力比较稳定。虽然在初期的前6次使用中效率略有降低,但后续的回用过程中COD的去除率基本保持稳定。初期的去除率降低可能是由于催化剂表面的“疏松”金属氧化物粒子部分脱落所致,而在进行到第6个回合以后,这部分粒子基本已经溶落完成,从而可以保证催化剂的催化效率可以保持稳定。
实施例2:
多孔碳材料的制备:
将11克间苯二酚溶解于75毫升水中,充分搅拌溶解后再加入0.5克三甲基十六烷基溴化铵;待溶解后再后加入0.2克多壁碳纳米管,并转至超声波常温水浴中进行超声分散处理100分钟;随后加入15毫升的甲醛溶液(37%),混合均匀后转至密闭耐压玻璃试剂瓶中,于75摄氏度水浴锅中反应20小时;将固化后的“分散液”(黄褐色)转到102摄氏度的烘箱中继续反应5天;随后,将反应后的固体从密闭玻璃试剂瓶中取出,在常温常差压下自然干燥2天,并在102摄氏度的红外干燥箱中处理24小时;最后,将所得固体在氮气保护下于900摄氏度炉中煅烧3小时,所得催化剂基体的多孔碳材料。通过该过程制得的多孔碳材料的孔径为11纳米,比表面积为570平方/克。
催化剂的制备:
根据需要,将上述多孔碳材料粉碎并筛选出20–30目的颗粒,称取15克倒入装有80毫升浓度为0.2摩尔/升的硝酸铜溶液中;在室温下充分润湿搅拌后将上述混合液转至恒温震荡水浴锅中处理24小时,期间保持温度在40摄氏度,震荡速率恒定在600转/分钟;随后取出浸渍的黑色碳材料颗粒,先于60摄氏度下干燥24小时,再于105摄氏度下干燥6小时;最后将上述所得的颗粒置于管式炉中在450摄氏度下煅烧4小时(氮气保护),所得样品即为所述的催化剂。
应用催化剂催化降解废水中的染料:
称取制备的催化剂1克,投入臭氧催化降解模拟染料污水(C.I.活性黑5)反应瓶中进行催化氧化处理(曝气式)。反应条件如下:反应温度为30摄氏度,pH值为5.1(即初始染液浓度),臭氧曝气量为4.0克/分钟,初始染料浓度为0.8克/升(初始COD为625毫克/升)。通过上述方法制得的催化剂的COD去除率为57%。
以上所揭露的仅为本发明一种较佳实施例而已,当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围,本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分流程,并依本发明权利要求所作的等同变化,仍属于发明所涵盖的范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种用于降解印染废水中有机污染物的催化剂的制备方法,所述催化剂由作为基体的多孔碳材料和负载在所述基体上的金属氧化物纳米粒子组成,其特征在于,包括:
步骤S1:将间苯二酚、甲醛、三甲基十六烷基溴化胺、多壁碳纳米管以及去离子水先经反应后固化,且固化产物再在高温下煅烧碳化以制得所述多孔碳材料;
步骤S2:将所述多孔碳材料经硝酸盐溶液浸渍、干燥,并在高温下煅烧后使吸附的所述硝酸盐会在高温下分解为金属氧化物而附着于所述多孔碳材料之上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于降解印染废水中有机污染物的催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1包括:
将11克间苯二酚溶解于22–90毫升水中,充分搅拌溶解后再加入0.3–0.5克三甲基十六烷基溴化铵;
上述混合液搅拌均匀后加入0.2–0.5克多壁碳纳米管,并转至超声波常温水浴中进行超声分散处理,以使多壁碳纳米管均匀分散在混合液中;
超声处理120–150分钟后,加入4.6–18.5毫升的甲醛溶液并混合均匀;
将上述分散液转至密闭耐压玻璃试剂瓶中,并置于70–85摄氏度水浴锅中反应20–24小时,反应后混合分散液将从橙色液体转变为黄褐色固体;
将装有黄褐色固体的玻璃试剂瓶转到105–110摄氏度的烘箱中,继续反应5天;
将反应后的固体从密闭玻璃试剂瓶中取出,在常温常差压下自然干燥2天,再在105–110摄氏度红外干燥箱中处理20–24小时;以及
将所得固体在氮气保护下于700–900摄氏度碳化炉中煅烧2–3小时,所得固体为所述多孔碳材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于降解印染废水中有机污染物的催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2包括:
将上述制得的所述多孔碳材料粉碎并筛选出10–50目大小的颗粒;
称取上述多孔碳材料颗粒5–10克,倒入装有50–100毫升浓度为0.1–0.5摩尔/升的硝酸盐溶液中;
在室温下充分润湿搅拌后将上述混合液转至恒温恒速震荡的水浴锅中处理24小时;
取出浸渍的多孔碳材料颗粒,先于60摄氏度下干燥24小时,再于105摄氏度下干燥4–8小时;
将上述所得的颗粒置于管式炉中并在氮气保护的条件下在400–650摄氏度下煅烧3–5小时,所得样品即为所述催化剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于降解印染废水中有机污染物的催化剂,其特征在于,所述硝酸盐为硝酸钴、硝酸铁、硝酸铜、硝酸镍、硝酸锰中的一种或多种。
5.一种用于降解印染废水中有机污染物的催化剂,其特征在于,根据上述任一权利要求所述方法制备得到,所述催化剂由作为基体的多孔碳材料和负载在所述基体上的金属氧化物纳米粒子组成,所述金属氧化物纳米粒子所占的重量为3-10%。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用于降解印染废水中有机污染物的催化剂,其特征在于,所述多孔碳材料的孔径大小为7-16纳米,比表面积为540-650平方米/克。
7.一种如权利要求5至6之一所述的催化剂在催化臭氧催化降解印染废水中有机污染物的应用。
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