CN107369728B - 受光发光元件以及使用该受光发光元件的传感器装置 - Google Patents

受光发光元件以及使用该受光发光元件的传感器装置 Download PDF

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CN107369728B
CN107369728B CN201710474413.7A CN201710474413A CN107369728B CN 107369728 B CN107369728 B CN 107369728B CN 201710474413 A CN201710474413 A CN 201710474413A CN 107369728 B CN107369728 B CN 107369728B
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藤本直树
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Kyocera Corp
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Abstract

本发明的受光发光元件(1)具备:基板(2)、形成于基板(2)的上表面的发光元件(3a)、形成于基板(2)的上表面侧的受光元件(3b)、发光元件侧第一电极衬垫(31B)、接合于该第一电极衬垫(31B)的金属块(34),发光元件侧第一电极衬垫(31B)以金属块(34)遮挡从发光元件(3a)发出且朝向受光元件(3b)的光的方式,经由绝缘层配置于基板(2)的上表面。

Description

受光发光元件以及使用该受光发光元件的传感器装置
本申请为申请人于申请日2013年8月29日提交的、国际申请号为PCT/JP2013/073085、进入中国国家阶段的申请号为201380043214.0、发明名称为“受光发光元件以及使用该受光发光元件的传感器装置”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种受光元件和发光元件配置在同一基板上的受光发光元件以及使用该受光发光元件的传感器装置。
背景技术
一直以来,提出了各种如下的传感器装置,其通过从发光元件向被照射物照射光,并由受光元件接受针对向被照射物入射的光的正反射光和漫反射光,由此对被照射物的特性进行检测。该传感器装置在广泛的领域内被利用,例如,在光断续器,光耦合器,遥控器单元,IrDA(Infrared DataAssociation)通信设备,光纤通信用装置、以及原稿尺寸传感器等涉及多方面的应用中被使用。
例如,如日本特开2007-201360号公报所记载的那样,使用在同一基板上分别配置发光元件以及受光元件,并设置有将受光区域和发光区域隔开的遮光壁的传感器装置。
然而,在这样的传感器装置中,发光元件发出的光直接向受光元件照射,因此存在难以提高传感器装置的传感检测性能的问题点。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种传感检测性能高的受光发光元件以及使用该受光发光元件的传感器装置。
本发明的受光发光元件具备:由一导电型半导体构成的基板;在该基板的上表面上层叠包括一导电型半导体层和逆导电型半导体层的多个半导体层而成的发光元件;在所述基板的上表面侧具有掺杂了逆导电型的杂质的逆导电型半导体区而成的受光元件;与所述基板、所述一导电型半导体层、所述逆导电型半导体层以及所述逆导电型半导体区的至少一个分别连接的至少一个电极衬垫;接合于该电极衬垫的上表面的金属块。在所述电极衬垫与所述基板连接的情况下,该至少一个所述电极衬垫以所述金属块遮挡从所述发光元件发出且朝向所述受光元件的光的方式,配置在所述发光元件与所述受光元件之间的所述基板的上表面,在所述电极衬垫与所述一导电型半导体层、所述逆导电型半导体层或者所述逆导电型半导体区连接的情况下,该至少一个所述电极衬垫以所述金属块遮挡从所述发光元件发出且朝向所述受光元件的光的方式,经由绝缘层配置在所述基板的上表面。
本发明的传感器装置为使用了上述受光发光元件的传感器装置,从所述发光元件向被照射物照射光,根据来自所述受光元件的输出电流对所述被照射物的位置信息、距离信息以及浓度信息中的至少一个进行检测,该来自所述受光元件的输出电流根据来自该被照射物的反射光而输出。
附图说明
图1(a)是表示本发明的受光发光元件的实施方式的一个例子的俯视图。图1(b)是沿着图1(a)的1I-1I线的简要剖视图。
图2(a)是构成图1所示的受光发光元件的发光元件的剖视图。图2(b)是构成图1所示的受光发光元件的受光元件的剖视图。
图3是表示使用了图1所示的受光发光元件的传感器装置的实施方式的一个例子的简要剖视图。
图4是表示图1所示的受光发光元件的第一变形例的主要部分俯视图。
图5是表示图1所示的受光发光元件的第二变形例的主要部分俯视图。
图6(a)是表示图1所示的受光发光元件的第三变形例的主要部分俯视图。图6(b)是表示图1所示的受光发光元件的第四变形例的主要部分俯视图。
图7是表示图1所示的受光发光元件的第五变形例的主要部分俯视图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图对本发明的受光发光元件以及使用该受光发光元件的传感器装置的实施方式的例子进行说明。需要说明的是,以下的例子仅例示本发明的实施方式,本发明并不限定于这些实施方式。
(受光发光元件组件)
图1(a)以及(b)所示的受光发光元件1组装于复印机、打印机等图像形成装置,作为对调色剂、介质等被照射物的位置信息、距离信息或浓度信息等进行检测的传感器装置而发挥功能。
受光发光元件1具有基板2、配置于基板2的上表面的发光元件3a以及受光元件3b。
基板2由一导电型的半导体材料构成。一导电型的杂质浓度不特别限定。在本例子中,对于硅(Si)基板,使用作为一导电型的杂质以1×1017~2×1017atoms/cm3的浓度含有磷(P)的n型的硅(Si)基板。作为n型的杂质,除磷(P)以外,可以列举例如氮(N)、砷(As)、锑(Sb)以及铋(Bi)等,掺杂浓度为1×1016~1×1020atoms/cm3。以下,n型为一导电型,p型为逆导电型。
在基板2的上表面上,配置有发光元件3a,并与发光元件3a对应地配置有受光元件3b。发光元件3a作为向被照射物照射光的光源而发挥功能,从发光元件3a发出的光被被照射物反射而入射至受光元件3b。受光元件3b作为对光的入射进行检测的光检测部而发挥功能。
如图2(a)所示,发光元件3a以在基板2的上表面上层叠有多个半导体层的方式而形成。
首先,在基板2的上表面上,形成有对基板2与层叠于基板2的上表面的半导体层(在本例子的情况下为之后进行说明的n型接触层30b)的晶格常数之差进行缓冲的缓冲层30a。通过缓冲层30a缓冲基板2与形成于基板2的上表面的半导体层的晶格常数之差,由此具有减少基板2与半导体层之间所产生的晶格形变等晶格缺陷,进而减少形成于基板2的上表面的半导体层整体的晶格缺陷或结晶缺陷的功能。
本例子的缓冲层30a由不含有杂质的砷化镓(GaAs)构成,其厚度为2~3μm左右。需要说明的是,在基板2与层叠于基板2的上表面的半导体层的晶格常数之差不大的情况下,能够省略缓冲层30a。
在缓冲层30a的上表面上形成有n型接触层30b。在n型接触层30b中,在砷化镓(GaAs)中掺杂有作为n型杂质的硅(Si)或硒(Se)等,掺杂浓度为1×1016~1×1020atoms/cm3左右,并且,其厚度为0.8~1μm左右。
在本例子中,作为n型杂质,以1×1018~2×1018atoms/cm3的掺杂浓度掺杂有硅(Si)。n型接触层30b的上表面的一部分露出,并在该露出的部分处经由发光元件侧第一电极31a(第一电极31a),与发光元件侧第一电极衬垫31A(第一电极衬垫31A)连接。第一电极衬垫31A经由金属块34与外部电源电连接。在本例子中,通过金(Au)线的引线结合将第一电极衬垫31A与外部电源连接,本例的金属块34为与第一电极衬垫31A接合的金(Au)凸块。在图中仅记载了引线结合的金(Au)凸块即金属块34,为了简便省略导线(在之后进行说明的其他附图中也是相同的)。也可以代替金(Au)线而选择铝(Al)线、铜(Cu)线等导线。另外,在本例子中,可以代替引线结合,通过软钎料等将电配线与第一电极衬垫31A接合,还可以在第一电极衬垫31A的上表面上形成金柱状凸块,通过软钎料等将电配线与该金(Au)柱状凸块接合。该情况下的金属块34分别相当于软钎料、金(Au)柱状凸块以及软钎料的接合材。n型接触层30b具有减小与连接于n型接触层30b的第一电极31a的接触电阻的功能。
需要说明的是,优选为,金属块34的在基板2的法线方向上的厚度设定为比发光元件3a的厚度厚。通过将金属块34的厚度设定为比发光元件3a的厚度厚,由此减小发光元件3a发出的光通过金属块34的上方向受光元件3b照射的可能性。
第一电极31a以及第一电极衬垫31A使用例如金(Au)锑(Sb)合金、金(Au)锗(Ge)合金或者Ni类合金等,其厚度形成为0.5~5μm左右。并且,由于配置在以从基板2的上表面覆盖n型接触层30b的上表面的方式形成的绝缘层8之上,因此与基板2以及n型接触层30b以外的半导体层绝缘。
绝缘层8例如由氮化硅(SiNx)或者氧化硅(SiO2)等无机绝缘膜、聚酰亚胺等有机绝缘膜等形成,其厚度为0.1~1μm左右。
在n型接触层30b的上表面形成有n型包覆层30c,之后进行说明的活性层30d具有封闭空穴的功能。在n型包覆层30c中,在砷化铝镓(AlGaAs)中掺杂有作为n型杂质的硅(Si)或者硒(Se)等,掺杂浓度为1×1016~1×1020atoms/cm3左右,并且该n型包覆层30c的厚度为0.2~0.5μm左右。在本例子中,作为n型杂质,以1×1017~5×1017atoms/cm3的掺杂浓度掺杂硅(Si)。
在n型包覆层30c的上表面形成有活性层30d,作为使电子、空穴等载流子集中并通过再结合发出光的发光层而发挥功能。活性层30d为不含杂质的砷化铝镓(AlGaAs),并且其厚度为0.1~0.5μm左右。需要说明的是,本例子的活性层30d为不含杂质的层,然而也可以为含有p型杂质的p型活性层、含有n型杂质的n型活性层。但是,需要使活性层30d的带隙比n型包覆层30c以及之后进行说明的p型包覆层30e的带隙小。
在活性层30d的上表面形成有p型包覆层30e,由此使活性层30d具有封闭电子的功能。在p型包覆层30e中,在砷化铝镓(AlGaAs)中掺杂有作为p型杂质的锌(Zn)、镁(Mg)或者碳(C)等,掺杂浓度为1×1016~1×1020atoms/cm3左右,并且该p型包覆层30e的厚度为0.2~0.5μm左右。在本例子中,作为p型杂质,以1×1019~5×1020atoms/cm3的掺杂浓度掺杂镁(Mg)。
在p型包覆层30e的上表面形成有p型接触层30f。在p型接触层30f中,在砷化铝镓(AlGaAs)中掺杂有作为p型杂质的锌(Zn)、镁(Mg)或者碳(C)等,掺杂浓度为1×1016~1×1020atoms/cm3左右,并且该p型接触层30f的厚度为0.2~0.5μm左右。
p型接触层30f经由发光元件侧第二电极31b(第二电极31b),与发光元件侧第二电极衬垫31B(第二电极衬垫31B)连接。第二电极衬垫31B与发光元件第一侧电极衬垫31A相同,经由金属块34与外部电源电连接。连接方法与接合方式的变化与第一电极衬垫31A的情况相同。p型接触层30f具有减小与连接于p型接触层30f的发光元件侧第二电极配线31b的接触电阻的功能。
需要说明的是,也可以在p型接触层30f的上表面形成具有抑制p型接触层30f的氧化的功能的覆盖层。覆盖层例如由不含有杂质的砷化镓(GaAs)形成,其厚度只需为0.01~0.03μm左右即可。
第二电极31b以及第二电极衬垫31B例如由组合了金(Au)或铝(Al)、以及作为紧贴层的镍(Ni)、铬(Cr)或者钛(Ti)的AuNi、AuCr、AuTi或者AlCr合金等形成,其厚度为0.5~5μm左右。并且,由于配置在以从基板2的上表面覆盖p型接触层30f的上表面的方式而形成的绝缘层8之上,因此与基板2以及p型接触层30f以外的半导体层电绝缘。
对于这样构成的发光元件3a而言,通过向第一电极衬垫31A与第二电极衬垫31B之间施加偏压,从而活性层30d发光而作为光源发挥功能。
如图2(b)所示,受光元件3b通过在基板2的上表面设置p型半导体区32并与n型的基板2形成pn接而构成。p型半导体区32通过在基板2上高浓度地扩散p型杂质而形成。作为p型杂质,可以列举例如锌(Zn)、镁(Mg)、碳(C)、硼(B),铟(In)或者硒(Se)等,掺杂浓度为1×1016~1×1020atoms/cm3。在本例子中,以p型半导体区32的厚度为0.5~3μm左右的方式,扩散硼(B)以作为p型杂质。
p型半导体区32经由受光元件侧第一电极33a(第三电极33a)与受光元件侧第一电极衬垫33A(第三电极衬垫33A)电连接,在作为n型半导体的基板2上电连接有受光元件侧第二电极衬垫33B(第四电极衬垫33B)。
第三电极33a以及第三电极衬垫33A经由绝缘层8配置于基板2的上表面,因此与基板2电绝缘。另一方面,第四电极衬垫33B配置于基板2的上表面。
第三电极33a、第三电极衬垫33A、第四电极衬垫33B使用例如金(Au)锑(Sb)合金、金(Au)锗(Ge)合金或者Ni类合金等,其厚度形成为0.5~5μm左右。
对于这样构成的受光元件3b而言,当光入射至p型半导体区32时,因光电效应产生光电流,经由第三电极衬垫33A得到该光电流,由此作为光检测部而发挥功能。需要说明的是,如果向第三电极衬垫33A与第四电极衬垫33B之间施加逆偏压,则受光元件3b的光检测灵敏度提高,故而优选。
这里,对第一电极衬垫31A、第二电极衬垫31B、第三电极衬垫33A以及第四电极衬垫33B的配置进行说明。
在本例子的情况下,在发光元件3a与受光元件3b之间的基板2的上表面上经由绝缘层8而配置有第二电极衬垫31B。并且,第一电极衬垫31A配置为与第二电极衬垫31B夹持发光元件3a,第三电极衬垫33A以及第四电极衬垫33B配置为与第二电极衬垫31B夹持受光元件3b。第一电极衬垫31A以及第三电极衬垫33A经由绝缘层8配置于基板2的上表面,第四电极衬垫33B配置于基板2的上表面。
通过将第二电极衬垫31B经由绝缘层8配置于发光元件3a与受光元件3b之间的基板2的上表面,由此从发光元件3a发出并朝向受光元件3b的光被接合于第二电极衬垫31B的上表面的金属块34遮挡。因此,能够抑制发光元件3a发出的光直接照射至受光元件3b,从而能够实现传感检测性能高的受光发光元件。
需要说明的是,在本例子中,在发光元件3a与受光元件3b之间的基板2的上表面上经由绝缘层8配置第二电极衬垫31B,然而也可以配置第一电极31a、第三电极衬垫33A或者第四电极衬垫33B中的任一个。在配置第四电极衬垫33B的情况下,注意不经由绝缘层8而配置于基板2的上表面。
另外,位于基板上的发光元件3a以及受光元件3b既可以为一个,也可以为多个。
(受光发光元件的制造方法)
接下来,示出受光发光元件1的制造方法的例子。
首先,准备在硅(Si)中掺杂有n型杂质而成的基板2。并且,使用热氧化法,在基板2之上形成由氧化硅(SiO2)构成的扩散元件膜S(未图示)。
在扩散阻止膜S上涂敷光致抗蚀剂,通过光刻法对所期望的图案进行曝光、显影后,通过湿式蚀刻法,在扩散阻止膜S中形成用于形成p型半导体区32的开口部Sa(未图示)。开口部Sa并不一定需要贯通扩散阻止膜S。
然后,在扩散阻止膜S上涂敷聚硼膜(PBF:Poly Boron film)。接着,使用热扩散法,使聚硼膜(PBF)中所含有的硼(B)经由扩散阻止膜S的开口部Sa向基板2的内部扩散,由此形成p型半导体区32。此时,例如将聚硼膜(PBF)的厚度设为0.1~1μm,在含有氮气(N2)以及氧(O2)的环境中以700~1200℃的温度进行热扩散。之后,去除扩散阻止膜S。
接下来,通过在MOCVD(Metal-organic Chemical Vapor Deposition)装置的反应炉内对基板2进行热处理,去除形成于基板2的表面的自然氧化膜。该热处理例如在1000℃的温度下进行10分钟左右。
接下来,使用MOCVD法,在基板2上依次层叠构成发光元件3a的各个半导体层(缓冲层30a、n型接触层30b、n型包覆层30c、活性层30d、p型包覆层30e、p型接触层30f)。并且,在层叠的半导体层L(未图示)上涂敷光致抗蚀剂,通过光刻法对所期望的图案进行曝光、显影之后,通过湿式蚀刻法形成发光元件3a。需要说明的是,进行多次蚀刻,以使n型接触层30b的上表面的一部分露出。之后,去除光致抗蚀剂。
接下来,使用热氧化法、溅射法或者等离子体CVD法等,以覆盖发光元件3a的露出面以及基板2(包括p型半导体区32在内)的上表面的方式形成绝缘层8。接着,在绝缘层8上涂敷光致抗蚀剂,通过光刻法对所期望的图案进行曝光、显影之后,通过湿式蚀刻法,在绝缘层8上形成用于将之后进行说明的第一电极31a、第二电极31b以及第三电极33a分别与n型接触层30b、p型接触层30f以及p型半导体区32连接的开口。之后,去除光致抗蚀剂。
接下来,在绝缘层8上涂敷光致抗蚀剂,通过光刻法对所期望的图案进行曝光、显影之后,通过电阻加热法、溅射法等,形成用于形成第一电极31a、第一电极衬垫31A、第三电极33a、第三电极衬垫33A以及第四电极衬垫33B的合金膜。然后,使用剥离法,去除光致抗蚀剂,并且将第一电极31a、第一电极衬垫31A、第三电极33a、第三电极衬垫33A以及第四电极衬垫33B形成为所期望的形状。相同地,第二电极31b以及第二电极衬垫33B也分别通过相同的工序而形成。
(传感器装置)
接下来,对具备受光发光元件1的传感器装置100进行说明。以下,列举将受光发光元件1应用于图像形成装置中的、对附着于中间转印带V上的调色剂T(被照射物)的位置进行检测的传感器装置的情况为例来进行说明。
如图3所示,本例子的传感器装置100配置为,受光发光元件1的形成有发光元件3a以及受光元件3b的面与中间转印带V对置。并且,从发光元件3a向中间转印带V或者中间转印带V上的调色剂T照射光。在本例子中,在发光元件3a的上方配置棱镜P1,并且在受光元件3b的上方配置棱镜P2,从发光元件3a发出的光被棱镜P1折射而向中间转印带V或者中间转印带V上的调色剂T入射。并且,针对该入射光L1的正反射光L2被棱镜P2折射,由受光元件3b接受。在受光元件3b中根据接受的光的强度而产生光电流,经由第三电极33a等由外部装置来检测该光电流。
在本例子的传感器装置100中,如上所述,能够对与来自中间转印带V或者调色剂T的正反射光的强度对应的光电流进行检测。因此,例如根据由受光元件3b检测出的光电流值,能够对调色剂T的位置进行检测。需要说明的是,正反射光的强度还与调色剂T的浓度对应,因此还能够根据产生的光电流的大小,对调色剂T的浓度进行检测。相同地,正反射光的强度还与从受光发光元件阵列3到调色剂T的距离对应,因此还能够根据产生的光电流的大小,对受光发光元件阵列3与调色剂T的距离进行检测。
根据本例子的传感器装置100,能够发挥受光发光元件1所具有的上述效果。
以上,示出了本发明的具体实施方式的例子,然而本发明并不限定于此,在不脱离本发明的主旨的范围内能够进行各种变更。
例如,如图4所示的第一变形例那样,也可以采用如下方式,即,第二电极衬垫31B以与连结发光元件3a的与受光元件3b对置的边和受光元件3b的与发光元件3a对置的边的一端彼此的线段50a以及连结另一端彼此的线段50b相交的方式配置,且接合有多个金属块34(在本变形例的情况为两个)。
通过采用这样的结构,能够进一步抑制发光元件3a发出的光直接照射至受光元件3b,从而能够实现传感检测性能高的受光发光元件。
需要说明的是,发光元件3a以及受光元件3b为多个的情况下,在分别从受光元件3b以及发光元件3a侧观察时,只需通过位于两端的发光元件3a以及受光元件3b的一端和另一端来作出线段50a以及线段50b即可。换句话说,发光元件3a以及受光元件3b必需配置在分别包含线段50a以及线段50b的直线之间。
另外,如图5所示的第二变形例那样,也可以采用如下方式,即,第二电极衬垫31B沿发光元件3a与受光元件3b之间而配置有多个,多个第二电极衬垫31B在从发光元件3a侧观察受光元件3b侧时相邻的彼此的一部分重叠,位于两端位置的第二电极衬垫31B分别以与连结发光元件3a的与受光元件3b对置的边和受光元件3b的与发光元件3a对置的边的一端彼此的线段50a或连结另一端彼此的线段50b相交的方式而配置,在多个第二电极衬垫31B上分别接合有至少一个金属块34。需要说明的是,从发光元件3a侧观察受光元件3b侧时是指,在侧视观察中沿从发光元件3a朝向受光元件3b的方向观察时。
通过采用这样的结构,能够进一步抑制发光元件3a发出的光直接照射至受光元件3b,从而能够实现传感检测性能高的受光发光元件。
需要说明的是,在第二变形例中,仅由第二电极衬垫31B构成多个电极衬垫,然而也可以为第一电极衬垫31A、第三电极衬垫33A以及第四电极衬垫33B,也可以以任意方式组合这些电极衬垫,只需适当设定各个电极衬垫的数量即可。
并且,如图6(a)、(b)所示的第三变形例、第四变形例那样,多个金属块34也可以在从发光元件3a侧观察受光元件3b侧时相邻的彼此的一部分重叠。
通过采用这样的结构,在从发光元件3a侧观察受光元件3b侧时金属块34彼此无缝隙地配置,因此能够进一步抑制发光元件3a发出的光直接照射至受光元件3b,从而能够实现传感检测性能高的受光发光元件。
这是由于,在从发光元件3a发出的光中,通过被线段50a以及线段50b夹持的区域的上方的光可能会照射至受光元件3b,因此如果遮挡通过该该区域的上方的光,则从发光元件3a发出的光不会照射至受光元件3b。
另外,如图7所示的第五变形例那样,也可以采用如下方式,即,受光发光元件1具有:基板2,其在配线基板40的上表面具备发光元件3a以及受光元件3b;框上的外壁4,其以包围基板2的方式配置;遮光壁5,其位于外壁4的内侧,并将外壁4的内部空间4a分隔为分别与发光元件3a以及受光元件3b对应的空间;上壁7,其覆盖基板2,并对与发光元件3a以及受光元件3b分别对应的受光元件侧透镜6a以及发光元件侧透镜6b进行支承。
并且,遮光壁5可以具有与基板2对置的下表面5c,基板2与遮光壁5的下表面5c的间隔比金属块34的发光元件侧第一电极衬垫31B的法线方向的厚度小。
配线基板40分别与基板2以及外部装置电连接,作为用于向形成于基板2的发光元件3a以及受光元件3b施加偏压、在基板2与外部装置之间进行电信号的收发的配线基板而发挥功能。
外壁4以包围基板2的方式,经由未图示的粘合剂9与配线基板40的上表面连接。并且,具有抑制发光元件3a发出的光向朝向被照射物的方向以外的方向散射、抑制由被照射物反射的以外的光向受光元件3b入射、保护配线基板40以及基板2不受外部环境影响的功能。
外壁4由聚丙烯树脂(PP)、聚苯乙烯树脂(PS)、聚氯乙烯树脂(PVC)、聚对苯二甲酸乙酯树脂(PET)、丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯树脂(ABS)等通用塑料、聚酰胺树脂(PA)、聚碳酸酯树脂(PC)等工程塑料、液晶聚合物等超级工程塑料、以及铝(Al)、钛(Ti)等金属材料形成。
需要说明的是,外壁4的纵深以及宽度尺寸既可以与基板2的纵深以及宽度尺寸相同,也可以不同。外壁4的纵深以及宽度尺寸只需为至少覆盖发光元件3a以及受光元件3b的尺寸即可。
遮光壁5以将外壁4的内侧空间4a分隔成与发光元件3a以及受光元件3b对应的空间的方式配置在外壁4的内侧。以将外壁4的内侧空间4a分隔成与发光元件3a以及受光元件3b对应的空间的方式配置是指,将受光发光元件1配置为,在从受光发光元件1侧观察配线基板40时,在由遮光壁5和外壁4形成的一方的空间内存在有发光元件3a,在另一方的空间内存在有受光元件3b。
遮光壁5具有抑制发光元件3a发出的光未被被照射物反射而向受光元件3b入射的功能。
遮光壁5以不与配线基板40以及基板2接触的方式配置。通过这样配置,即使受光发光元件1因驱动而产生热量、从外部环境接受热量,导致遮光壁5因热膨胀而使尺寸伸长,也不会与形成有发光元件3a以及受光元件3b的基板2抵接,因此能够维持发光元件3a以及受光元件3b的位置关系,从而能够提高传感检测性能。
遮光壁5具有位于发光元件3a侧的发光元件侧遮光面5a(第一面5a)、位于受光元件3b侧的受光元件侧遮光面5b(第二面5b)、与发光元件侧遮光面5a以及受光元件侧遮光面5b连接的下表面5c。
第五变形例的第一面5a以及第二面5b只要能够将外壁4的内部空间4a分隔成与发光元件3a侧和受光元件3b侧对应的空间,则可以为任意形状。在第五变形例中,沿着基板2的上表面的法线方向以及发光元件3a与受光元件3b之间配置,并与外壁4抵接。沿着发光元件3a与受光元件3b之间的长度需要设定为至少发光元件3a的长度以上的长度。否则,发光元件3a发出的光会直接照射至受光元件3b侧的空间。
遮光壁5可以使用与外壁4相同的材料。
上壁7以覆盖配线基板40以及基板2的方式配置。第五变形例的上壁7以与外壁4的上端抵接的方式配置。并且,在与发光元件3a以及受光元件3b对应的位置,具有贯通孔7a、7b。上壁7发挥保护基板2以及受光发光元件阵列3不受外部环境影响的功能、以及作为之后进行说明的透镜6a、6b的支承体而发挥功能。
上壁7能够使用与外壁4以及遮光壁5相同的材料。
需要说明的是,第五变形例的外壁4、遮光壁5以及上壁7由聚碳酸酯树脂(PC)通过注射模塑成形一体地形成。
发光元件侧透镜6a以及受光元件侧透镜6b与上壁7的贯通孔7a、7b对应配置,分别具有对发光元件3a发出的光进行聚光的功能、对由被照射物反射的光进行聚光的功能。需要说明的是,在本说明书中,有时将发光元件侧透镜6a以及受光元件侧透镜6b仅称为透镜6a以及6b。通过具有这些透镜6a以及6b,即使在受光发光元件1与被照射物的距离变长的情况下也能够提高传感检测性能。
透镜6a以及6b的材质可以列举硅酮树脂、聚氨酯树脂以及环氧树脂等热固化性树脂、或聚碳酸酯树脂以及丙烯酸树脂等热塑性树脂等塑料、或者蓝宝石以及无机玻璃等。
第五变形例的透镜6a以及6b为由硅酮树脂形成的柱面透镜,在与贯通孔7a以及贯通孔7b的长边方向、即沿着形成于受光发光元件阵列3的受光元件3a的列以及发光元件3b的列的方向正交的方向上具有曲率。透镜6a以及6b向上壁7的安装只需通过硅酮树脂等有机粘合剂等来实施即可。
在本例子中,连结发光元件3a的发光部的中心的直线以及连结受光元件3b的受光部的中心的直线与透镜6a以及6b的光轴分别大致一致,光轴与从受光发光元件阵列3的上表面朝向上方的法线方向大致一致。通过采用这样的结构,能够以高照度向被照射物照射从发光元件3a发出的光,能够提高发光元件3a发出的光由被照射物反射而被受光元件3b接受时的照度,因此能够实现灵敏度高、即传感检测性能高的受光发光元件1。
这里,受光部的中心是指从p型半导体区32a侧俯视观察基板2时的p型半导体区32a的中心。相同地,发光部的中心是指从p型接触层30f侧俯视观察基板2时的活性层30d的中心。由于在活性层30d的上表面层叠有p型包覆层30e以及p型接触层30f等,因此无法直接观察到活性层30d的中心。因此,可以将p型接触层30f的中心视为活性层30d的中心。这是由于,如上所述,半导体层的各层非常薄,因此即使单独进行用于形成发光元件阵列3a的蚀刻和用于使n型接触层30b的上表面的一部分露出的蚀刻,从p型接触层30f侧俯视透视,p型接触层30f的中心与活性层30d的中心大致一致。
需要说明的是,透镜6a以及6b为柱面透镜,然而也可以是与受光元件3a以及发光元件3b分别对应的平凸透镜。
需要说明的是,在第五变形例中,具有上壁7、透镜6a以及6b,然而在受光发光元件1与被照射物近距离地设置的情况等,也可以不设置上壁7、透镜6a以及6b。
接下来,对第五变形例的制造方法进行简单说明。
除上述受光发光元件制造方法以外,通过以下的工序进行制造。
第五变形例的配线基板40由陶瓷构成,并经由如下的工序来制造。首先,准备陶瓷印刷电路基板。
接下来,在陶瓷印刷电路基板上印刷形成第一电极31a、第一电极衬垫31A、第二电极31b、第二电极衬垫31B、第三电极33a、第三电极衬垫33A及第四电极衬垫33B、以及用于将这些电极分别连接及与外部装置连接的电配线的金属膏。作为形成电配线的金属膏,可以列举含有例如钨(W)、钼(Mo)、锰(Mn)以及铜(Cu)等金属的金属膏。
需要说明的是,配线基板40也可以由树脂构成。此时的配线基板40的制造方法可以考虑例如如下的方法。首先,准备热固化型树脂的前身板。接下来,以将由金属材料构成的导线端子配置在前身板之间、并且将导线端子埋设于前身板的方式层叠多个前身板,所述导线端子形成第一电极31a、第一电极衬垫31A、第二电极31b、第二电极衬垫31B、第三电极33a、第三电极衬垫33A及第四电极衬垫33B、以及用于将这些电极分别连接及与外部装置连接的电配线。该导线端子的形成材料可以列举例如铜(Cu)、银(Ag)、铝(Al)、铁(Fe)-镍(Ni)-钴(Co)合金以及铁(Fe)-镍(Ni)合金等金属材料。并且,通过使它们热固化,从而完成配线基板40。
在这样准备好的配线基板40的上表面配置基板2。在通过引线结合将配线基板40与基板2电连接的情况下,只需通过环氧树脂、银膏等粘合剂将配线基板40与基板2接合即可,在通过倒装式接合进行连接的情况下,只需通过软钎料、银钎料以及铜钎料等钎料、金柱状凸块与软钎料的组合、或各向异性导电膜等同时进行电连接即可。
然后,预先通过硅酮树脂等将透镜6a以及6b粘合于外壁4、遮光壁5以及上壁7一体形成的部件,使用环氧树脂以及硅酮树脂等树脂类粘合剂、或者对于聚酯、无纺布、丙烯酸泡沫、聚酰亚胺、聚氯乙烯(PVC)或铝箔等基材使用涂敷了丙烯酸类粘着剂、橡胶类粘着剂或硅酮类粘着剂的粘合剂的双面胶带等将该部件粘合于基板2的上表面。
附图标记说明
1 受光发光元件
2 基板
3a 发光元件
3b 受光元件
4 外壁
4a 内部空间
5 遮光壁
5a 发光元件侧遮光面
5b 受光元件侧遮光面
5c 下表面
6a 发光元件侧透镜
6b 受光元件侧透镜
7 上壁
8 绝缘层
9 粘合剂
30a 缓冲层
30b n型接触层
30c n型包覆层
30d 活性层
30e p型包覆层
30f p型接触层
31A 发光元件侧第一电极衬垫
31B 发光元件侧第二电极衬垫
31a 发光元件侧第一电极
31b 发光元件侧第二电极
32 p型半导体区
33A 受光元件侧第一电极衬垫
33B 受光元件侧第二电极衬垫
33a 受光元件侧第一电极
34 金属块
40 配线基板
50a 第一线段
50b 第二线段
100 传感器装置

Claims (6)

1.一种受光发光元件,其中,
具备:由一导电型半导体构成的基板;在该基板的上表面上层叠包括一导电型半导体层和逆导电型半导体层的多个半导体层而成的发光元件;在所述基板的上表面侧具有掺杂了逆导电型的杂质的逆导电型半导体区而成的受光元件;与所述基板连接且配置于所述基板的上表面的所述受光元件的电极衬垫,或者,经由电极与所述一导电型半导体层、所述逆导电型半导体层以及所述逆导电型半导体区中的任意者连接、且隔着绝缘层而配制于所述基板的上表面的电极衬垫;与该电极衬垫的上表面接合的金属块;以包围所述发光元件以及所述受光元件的方式配置于所述基板的上表面的框状的外壁;位于该外壁的内侧并将内侧空间分隔成与所述发光元件以及所述受光元件分别对应的空间的遮光壁,
至少一个电极衬垫位于所述发光元件与所述受光元件之间,
该遮光壁具有与所述基板对置的下表面,
所述基板与所述遮光壁的下表面的间隔比所述金属块的所述电极衬垫的法线方向的厚度小,所述遮光壁以不与所述基板接触的方式配置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的受光发光元件,其中,
所述金属块的厚度比所述发光元件的厚度更厚。
3.根据权利要求1所述的受光发光元件,其中,
位于所述发光元件与所述受光元件之间的电极衬垫以与下述两条线段相交的方式配置,所述两条线段中的一条线段为连结所述发光元件中与所述受光元件对置的边和所述受光元件中与所述发光元件对置的边的一端彼此而成的线段,所述两条线段中的另一条线段为连结所述发光元件中与所述受光元件对置的边和所述受光元件中与所述发光元件对置的边的另一端彼此而成的线段,
在位于所述发光元件与所述受光元件之间的电极衬垫上接合有多个所述金属块。
4.根据权利要求1所述的受光发光元件,其中,
位于所述发光元件与所述受光元件之间的电极衬垫沿所述发光元件与所述受光元件之间配置有多个,
在位于所述发光元件与所述受光元件之间的多个电极衬垫中,在从所述发光元件侧观察所述受光元件侧时相邻的电极衬垫的彼此的一部分重叠,位于两端的电极衬垫分别与连结所述发光元件的与所述受光元件对置的边和所述受光元件的与所述发光元件对置的边的一端彼此的线段或连结另一端彼此的线段相交,
在位于所述发光元件与所述受光元件之间的多个电极衬垫上分别接合有至少一个所述金属块。
5.根据权利要求3或权利要求4所述的受光发光元件,其中,
在多个所述金属块中,在从所述发光元件侧观察所述受光元件侧时相邻的所述金属块的彼此的一部分重叠。
6.一种传感器装置,其使用权利要求1至权利要求5中任一项所述的受光发光元件,其中,
从所述发光元件向被照射物照射光,根据来自所述受光元件的输出电流对所述被照射物的位置信息、距离信息以及浓度信息中的至少一个进行检测,该来自所述受光元件的输出电流根据来自该被照射物的反射光而输出。
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CN104584238A (zh) 2015-04-29

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