CN107318446B - Planting method for reducing continuous cropping obstacle of salvia miltiorrhiza - Google Patents

Planting method for reducing continuous cropping obstacle of salvia miltiorrhiza Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN107318446B
CN107318446B CN201710679140.XA CN201710679140A CN107318446B CN 107318446 B CN107318446 B CN 107318446B CN 201710679140 A CN201710679140 A CN 201710679140A CN 107318446 B CN107318446 B CN 107318446B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
salvia miltiorrhiza
planting
root
sweet potato
soil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201710679140.XA
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN107318446A (en
Inventor
周洁
许子欣
冉志芳
张华�
方磊
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WENDENG DADEXING FARMING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS Co.,Ltd.
Original Assignee
University of Jinan
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University of Jinan filed Critical University of Jinan
Priority to CN201710679140.XA priority Critical patent/CN107318446B/en
Publication of CN107318446A publication Critical patent/CN107318446A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN107318446B publication Critical patent/CN107318446B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A01N65/38—Solanaceae [Potato family], e.g. nightshade, tomato, tobacco or chilli pepper

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for reducing continuous cropping obstacles of salvia miltiorrhiza, which is to crop salvia miltiorrhiza and participate sweet potatoes on the same land, wherein the salvia miltiorrhiza is cultivated by adopting a horse ear-shaped root segment propagation method, the survival rate is high, the sweet potatoes are planted after the salvia miltiorrhiza is harvested, and the salvia miltiorrhiza is planted in turn after the sweet potatoes are harvested, and the planting is alternately carried out year by year. When sweet potatoes are planted, soil environment is improved through a regulator, root knot nematodes of the red sage roots, which are gathered at the roots of the sweet potatoes, are inhibited and killed, and when the red sage roots are planted after the sweet potatoes are harvested, the number of the root knot nematodes of the red sage roots is obviously reduced. The salvia miltiorrhiza cultivation mode is convenient, the crop rotation method is easy to implement, the survival rate of root sections is high, the yield per unit area is remarkably increased, the salvia miltiorrhiza can be continuously planted in the same land, additional fertilizer and herbicide are not needed, artificial weeding is basically not needed, the cost is saved, the soil environment is favorably improved, the application amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is greatly reduced, and the salvia miltiorrhiza cultivation mode is safer and more environment-friendly.

Description

Planting method for reducing continuous cropping obstacle of salvia miltiorrhiza
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for reducing continuous cropping obstacles of salvia miltiorrhiza, in particular to a method for reducing continuous cropping obstacles by utilizing salvia miltiorrhiza to participate in sweet potato rotation.
Background
Along with the rise of the trend of returning to nature, the traditional natural botanical drug is more and more favored by people. The Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix is derived from Labiatae plant Saviae Miltiorrhizae radixSalvia miltiorrhizaThe dried root and rhizome of the Chinese medicinal herb have the effects of activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis and stimulating the menstrual flow to relieve pain, are clinical common bulk medicinal materials, are praised as 'first medical industrial raw materials' and are also internationally developed popular medicinal materials. The secondary metabolites in the body of medicinal plants are generally the important material basis for the clinical efficacy of Chinese medicinal materials, 20Fat-soluble tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone and water-soluble salvianolic acid B specified in 15 th Chinese pharmacopoeia are used as important indexes for measuring the quality of the salvia miltiorrhiza medicinal material.
With the increasing demand of the domestic and foreign markets for the salvia miltiorrhiza, the cultivation area of the salvia miltiorrhiza is continuously expanded. Due to strict regional requirements of medicinal plants, the land area suitable for the artificial cultivation of salvia miltiorrhiza is extremely limited, the large-area cultivation of a single variety is realized, continuous cropping obstacles caused by continuous cropping are increasingly serious, and the yield and the quality of the salvia miltiorrhiza medicinal material are seriously influenced.
The reasons for the occurrence of the continuous cropping obstacle of the salvia miltiorrhiza are complicated, wherein the root-knot nematode disease is one of the main reasons for the continuous cropping obstacle, the content of the drug effect substances of the root is reduced after the root is damaged, and the quality of the medicinal material is reduced. At present, a main mode for preventing and treating the root-knot nematode is to use chemical agents, however, the environment is polluted by spraying a large amount of pesticides, more importantly, the content of heavy metal pesticide residues in salvia miltiorrhiza medicinal materials exceeds the standard, and the clinical medication safety is seriously threatened.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a planting method for reducing the continuous cropping obstacle of salvia miltiorrhiza, which reduces the continuous cropping obstacle of salvia miltiorrhiza by using a planting method for crop rotation of salvia miltiorrhiza and sweet potatoes, can effectively control the harm of salvia miltiorrhiza root nematode by planting the sweet potatoes after the salvia miltiorrhiza is harvested and has important significance for improving the yield and the quality of salvia miltiorrhiza medicinal materials.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a planting method for reducing continuous cropping obstacles of Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix comprises alternately planting Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix and sweet potato on the same land, wherein the Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix is cultivated by root segment propagation method, sweet potato is planted after the Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix is harvested, and Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix is planted alternately year by year after sweet potato is harvested.
A planting method for reducing continuous cropping obstacles of salvia miltiorrhiza comprises the following steps:
1. salvia miltiorrhiza planting
(1) Selecting soil and optimizing environment
Selecting sandy soil land which is loose and fertile, has good drainage and cured soil layer thickness of more than 25cm and has pH of 6.5-7.5 from late 9 to late 11 months;
(2) balanced fertilizer application, one-time foot application
Applying 2000-2500 kg of farmyard manure per mu, and simultaneously applying 30-80 kg of calcium superphosphate per mu in a matching manner to serve as a base fertilizer;
(3) ridging
After balanced fertilization, ridging and leveling according to the standard that the ridge width is 60cm, the ridge height is 15cm and the ridge distance is 90 cm;
(4) plastic film mulching
Covering a mulching film with the thickness of 0.006mm on the ridge, and pressing two sides of the mulching film with soil;
(5) transplanting of seedlings
Selecting root segments of the red sage roots growing in two years from 2 late months of the next year to 4 late months of the next year, cutting, and then planting, wherein the cutting standard of the root segments is as follows: the length of the root section is 6-7 cm, the end close to the root is cut into a horse ear shape by a sharp blade, and then two longitudinal marks with the depth of 2mm are respectively drawn on two sides of the horse ear shape so as to be beneficial to rooting; planting distance is 20cm and row distance is 20 cm; according to the plant-row spacing, after holes are punched in the mulching film, the horse ear end of the root section of the salvia miltiorrhiza is planted into a soil layer, and then 2cm of soil is covered;
(6) field management and harvesting
Collecting mulch film when the harvesting period of Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix is from 12 last ten days to 1 last month of the next year, digging out Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix root, removing stem and leaf, removing soil, removing outer skin when sun-drying to semi-dry, and sun-drying or oven-drying;
2. sweet potato planting
(1) Soil preparation and ridging
Ploughing the harvested salvia miltiorrhiza, harrowing until the soil is soft and flat, applying a mixed fertilizer consisting of farmyard manure and erythromycin dregs according to 280-350 kg/mu after harrowing, ridging when the relative water content of the soil is 75% or more, wherein the ridge width is 25-40 cm, the ridge height is 20-30 cm, and the ridge interval is 10 cm;
(2) sowing potato seedlings
Selecting sweet potato seedlings with the length of 10-15 cm, reserving 2-3 sweet potato leaves at the tops, dipping rooting powder at the roots, and planting the sweet potato seedlings on ridges, wherein the planting distance of the sweet potato seedlings is 10-12 cm;
(3) field management and harvesting
After sweet potato seedlings are planted for 20-30 days, digging grooves with the width of 8-10 cm at two sides of each ridge along the extending direction of each ridge, enabling the horizontal distance between each groove and each sweet potato seedling to be 8-10 cm, enabling the grooves to be vertical to the direction of the bottom of each ridge, enabling one groove to be 1-2 cm below the root of each sweet potato seedling, enabling the other groove to be 3-6 cm above the root of each sweet potato seedling, applying a composite regulator at the bottom of each groove according to the ratio of 90-120 kg/mu, backfilling the grooves, watering the grooves thoroughly after covering soil, performing normal field management, and harvesting after the seedlings are mature;
the composite regulator comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of purslane, 0.5-0.8 part of wheat straw powder, 0.1-0.2 part of lecithin, 0.1-0.2 part of rhamnolipid, 2-3 parts of sweet potato starch and 1-2 parts of potato starch:
3. repeating the step 1 and the step 2, and planting the salvia miltiorrhiza and the sweet potatoes in a rotation manner.
Preferably, 1, planting the salvia miltiorrhiza, and in the step (5), selecting thick and strong salvia miltiorrhiza root sections which are consistent in growth vigor, robust, free of diseases and insect pests and 0.5-1 cm in diameter.
Preferably, 1, planting salvia miltiorrhiza, wherein in the step (6), salvia miltiorrhiza plants which do not aim at collecting seeds are not planted, and when the inflorescence of salvia miltiorrhiza is not unfolded, all flowers and branches are cut off in the early morning or evening, so that the nutrient consumption is reduced, the root growth is promoted, and the yield is improved.
Preferably, 2, planting sweet potatoes, wherein in the step (1), the mass ratio of farmyard manure to erythromycin dregs is 50-60: 1.
preferably, 2, planting sweet potatoes, wherein in the step (2), the sweet potato variety is Jixu 23, Taizhong 9 or Longshu 1.
Preferably, 2, planting sweet potatoes, wherein in the step (3), the preparation method of the compound regulator comprises the following steps: grinding purslane, mixing the ground purslane with potato starch, adding water for granulation, drying to prepare a pill core with the particle size of 1-3 mm, uniformly mixing the wheat straw powder, lecithin, rhamnolipid and sweet potato starch, and uniformly coating the surface of the pill core to obtain the granular composite regulator with the particle size of 4-5 mm.
Because the root-knot nematode of the salvia miltiorrhiza is a highly specialized plant pathogenic nematode, the nematode is not easy to infect the root of the sweet potato in the process of planting the sweet potato. According to the method, the salvia miltiorrhiza and the sweet potatoes are crop rotation, and the salvia miltiorrhiza is cultivated by adopting a horse ear-shaped root segment propagation method. The traditional salvia miltiorrhiza cuttage seedling culture usually sprouts and then takes root, once the survival rate is not high in spring drought, the horseear-shaped root segment is propagated, the root grows and then sprouts, and the survival rate of salvia miltiorrhiza is high. And planting sweet potatoes after the salvia miltiorrhiza is harvested, improving the soil environment through a regulator, inhibiting and killing the salvia miltiorrhiza root-knot nematodes accumulated at the roots of the sweet potatoes, and obviously reducing the number of the salvia miltiorrhiza nematodes when the salvia miltiorrhiza is planted after the sweet potatoes are harvested, thereby overcoming the continuous cropping obstacle of the salvia miltiorrhiza. The method disclosed by the invention not only effectively controls the infection rate of root-knot nematodes of the salvia miltiorrhiza, but also ensures the yield of the salvia miltiorrhiza, obviously improves the quality of the salvia miltiorrhiza, promotes the accumulation of tanshinone substances, reduces continuous cropping obstacles, reduces the infection harm of diseases and pests, and improves the yield of the salvia miltiorrhiza.
The salvia miltiorrhiza cultivation mode is convenient, the crop rotation method is easy to implement, the survival rate of root sections is high, the yield per unit area is remarkably increased, the salvia miltiorrhiza can be continuously planted in the same land, additional fertilizer and herbicide are not needed, artificial weeding is basically not needed, the cost is saved, the soil environment is favorably improved, the application amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is greatly reduced, and the salvia miltiorrhiza cultivation mode is safer and more environment-friendly.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are intended to be purely exemplary of the invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.
Example 1
Planting salvia miltiorrhiza, comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting soil and optimizing environment
Selecting loose and fertile sandy soil with good drainage, cured soil thickness of more than 25cm and pH of 6.5-7.5 in the last ten days of 10 months;
(2) balanced fertilizer application, one-time foot application
2500kg of farmyard manure is applied to each mu of land, and 50kg of calcium superphosphate is applied to each mu of land simultaneously to serve as a base fertilizer;
(3) ridging
After balanced fertilization, ridging and leveling according to the standard that the ridge width is 60cm, the ridge height is 15cm and the ridge distance is 90 cm;
(4) plastic film mulching
Covering a mulching film with the thickness of 0.006mm on the ridge, and pressing two sides of the mulching film with soil;
(5) transplanting of seedlings
Selecting root segments of the red sage roots which are consistent in growth vigor, robust, free of diseases and insect pests and thick and full with the diameter of 0.5-1 cm for two years in the last 3 months of the next year, cutting and planting, wherein the cutting standard of the root segments is as follows: the length of the root section is 6-7 cm, the end close to the root is cut into a horse ear shape by a sharp blade, and then two longitudinal marks with the depth of 2mm are respectively drawn on two sides of the horse ear shape so as to be beneficial to rooting; planting distance is 20cm and row distance is 20 cm; according to the plant-row spacing, after holes are punched in the mulching film, the horse ear end of the root section of the salvia miltiorrhiza is planted into a soil layer, and then 2cm of soil is covered;
(6) field management and harvesting
And (3) cutting off all flowers and branches of the salvia miltiorrhiza plant without harvesting seeds in the early morning or evening when the inflorescence of the salvia miltiorrhiza is not unfolded so as to reduce the nutrient consumption, promote the root growth and improve the yield, after the harvesting period of the salvia miltiorrhiza from 12 th ten days to 1 st ten days of the next year, collecting a mulching film, digging out the roots of the salvia miltiorrhiza, removing stems and leaves, shaking off soil, knocking off the outer skin when the salvia miltiorrhiza is dried to be semi-dry, and then drying in the sun or baking.
Example 2
In example 1, a land where salvia miltiorrhiza was harvested was planted with sweet potatoes, comprising the steps of:
(1) soil preparation and ridging
Ploughing the harvested salvia miltiorrhiza, harrowing until the soil is soft and flat, applying a mixed fertilizer consisting of farmyard manure and erythromycin dregs (the mass ratio of the farmyard manure to the erythromycin dregs is 55: 1) according to 300 kg/mu after harrowing, ridging when the relative water content of the soil is 75% or more, wherein the ridge width is 25-40 cm, the ridge height is 20-30 cm, and the ridge interval is 10 cm;
(2) sowing potato seedlings
Selecting sweet potato seedlings (Jixu 23) with the length of 10-15 cm, reserving 2-3 sweet potato leaves at the tops, dipping rooting powder at the roots, and planting the sweet potato seedlings on ridges, wherein the planting distance of the sweet potato seedlings is 10-12 cm;
(3) field management and harvesting
After sweet potato seedlings are planted for 20-30 days, digging grooves with the width of 8-10 cm at two sides of each ridge along the extending direction of each ridge, enabling the horizontal distance between each groove and each sweet potato seedling to be 8-10 cm, enabling the grooves to be vertical to the direction of the bottom of each ridge, enabling one groove to be 1-2 cm below the root of each sweet potato seedling, enabling the other groove to be 3-6 cm above the root of each sweet potato seedling, applying a composite regulator at the bottom of each groove according to the ratio of 90-120 kg/mu, backfilling the grooves, watering the grooves thoroughly after covering soil, performing normal field management, and harvesting after the seedlings are mature;
the composite regulator comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of purslane, 0.7 part of wheat straw powder, 0.1 part of lecithin, 0.15 part of rhamnolipid, 2 parts of sweet potato starch and 1 part of potato starch: the preparation method comprises the following steps: grinding purslane, mixing the ground purslane with potato starch, adding water for granulation, drying to prepare a pill core with the particle size of 1-3 mm, uniformly mixing the wheat straw powder, lecithin, rhamnolipid and sweet potato starch, and uniformly coating the surface of the pill core to obtain the granular composite regulator with the particle size of 4-5 mm.
The yield of sweet potatoes is 4400kg per mu.
Example 3
In the land parcel where sweet potatoes are harvested in the example 2, the salvia miltiorrhiza is planted in the same way as the example 1 (namely, the salvia miltiorrhiza is planted in the second round of the land parcel).
Example 4
Sweet potatoes are planted on the land parcels where the salvia miltiorrhiza are harvested in the example 3 in the same way as the example 2.
The sweet potato yield per mu is about 4300 kg.
Example 5
In the land parcel where sweet potatoes are harvested in the example 4, the salvia miltiorrhiza is planted in the same way as the example 1 (namely, the third round of salvia miltiorrhiza planting in the same land parcel).
Example 6
The same method as in example 1 is used for the fourth round of planting salvia miltiorrhiza in the same field.
Comparative example 1
Salvia miltiorrhiza is cultivated according to the method of example 1, with the following differences: 1. and (5) seedling raising and transplanting in the step of planting the salvia miltiorrhiza, wherein the cutting standard of root segments is as follows: directly planting 6-7 cm root segments into a soil layer, and then covering soil; no "horse ear" cuts were made, nor were longitudinal scores scored on either side of the cuts.
Comparative example 2
In the land parcel where the salvia miltiorrhiza is harvested in the example 1, the salvia miltiorrhiza is planted continuously in the second year without rotation with sweet potatoes, and the planting method is the same as the example 1.
Comparative example 3
Sweet potatoes are planted in the second year on the land where the salvia miltiorrhiza are harvested in the example 1 according to the method of the example 2, except that (3) field management and harvesting are carried out: after sweet potato seedlings are planted, normal field management is carried out, and the sweet potato seedlings are harvested after being mature; the sweet potato yield per mu is about 3800 kg.
The sweet potato plots were harvested and the salvia miltiorrhiza were planted in the third year in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 4
Sweet potatoes are planted in the second year on the land where the salvia miltiorrhiza are harvested in the example 1 according to the method of the example 2, except that (3) field management and harvesting are carried out: purslane is not added in the composite regulator, and the potato starch is replaced by sweet potato starch; the sweet potato yield per mu is about 4100 kg.
The sweet potato plots were harvested and the salvia miltiorrhiza were planted in the third year in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 5
Planting sweet potatoes in the second year on the land parcels for harvesting the salvia miltiorrhiza in the example 1 according to the method of the example 2, wherein the difference is that (3) the field management and the harvesting are carried out, the compound regulator is replaced by the mixture of paclobutrazol and α -sodium naphthalene acetate with the ratio of 1:1, and the yield of the sweet potatoes per mu is about 4300 kg.
The sweet potato plots were harvested and the salvia miltiorrhiza were planted in the third year in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 6
The method for directly interplanting salvia miltiorrhiza and sweet potatoes and planting salvia miltiorrhiza is the same as the embodiment 1, and is characterized in that: the ridge width of the salvia miltiorrhiza is 100cm when ridging; the row spacing of the salvia miltiorrhiza is 20 multiplied by 20 cm; interplanting 1 row of sweet potatoes in every two rows of salvia miltiorrhiza, wherein the row spacing of the sweet potatoes is 40cm, the row spacing of the sweet potatoes and the salvia miltiorrhiza is 20cm, the salvia miltiorrhiza and the sweet potatoes are planted in a crossing manner, the row arrangement mode is salvia miltiorrhiza-sweet potato-salvia miltiorrhiza, the sweet potatoes are planted according to the existing method, and the salvia miltiorrhiza interplanted in the next year is taken for comparison.
The salvia miltiorrhiza planting result analysis of examples 1, 3, 5, 6 and comparative examples 1 to 6:
the chromatographic conditions for measuring the content of fat-soluble components in the salvia miltiorrhiza root are as follows: the chromatographic column is C18Column (4.6 mm. times.250 mm, 1.7 μm). Mobile phase 0.2% acetic acid-acetonitrile (45: 55); flow rate 0.8 mL/min-1(ii) a The sample injection amount is 10 mu L; the elution time is 65 min; the detection wavelength is 270 nm, and the column temperature is 25 ℃.
Preparing a reference substance: accurately weighing control substances such as dihydrotanshinone, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA (all purchased from China institute of food and drug bioassay), placing in brown measuring flask, preparing into single component control solution with ethanol as solvent, and preparing into mixed control solution, wherein dihydrotanshinone is 0.020 mg.L-1Cryptotanshinone 0.076 mg.L-1Tanshinone I0.076 mg. L-1Tanshinone IIA 0.068 mg. L-1. And (3) taking 1, 2, 6, 10 and 20 mu L of the mixed reference substance solution, injecting samples according to chromatographic conditions, taking chromatographic peak areas and corresponding concentrations as standard curves, and calculating a regression equation.
Preparation of a test solution: deactivating enzyme of fresh radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae at 90 deg.C for 30s, oven drying at 60 deg.C, pulverizing, sieving with 20 mesh sieve, precisely weighing about 0.5g of radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae powder, placing into conical flask with plug, precisely adding 50mL of 70% ethanol, extracting with ultrasonic wave for 30min, and centrifuging for 10 min (3000 r min)-1) The supernatant was then aspirated through a 0.45 μm filter for further use.
The chromatographic conditions for measuring the content of water-soluble components in the salvia miltiorrhiza root are as follows: the column was a C18 column (4.6 mm. times.250 mm, 1.7 μm). The mobile phase is 0.2% acetic acid water solution (A) -acetonitrile (B), and the elution gradient is 0min (95% A), 30min (65% A), 31min (0% A), 36 min (0% A), 37 min (95% A), 43 min (95% A); flow rate 1 mL/min-1(ii) a The detection wavelength is 280 nm; the column temperature was 25 ℃.
Preparing a reference substance: respectively precisely weighing control products rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B (all from China institute for food and drug testing) in brown measuring flask, preparing into single-component control solution with ethanol as solvent, and preparing into solutionMixing with control solution containing rosmarinic acid 0.3 mg.L-13.0 mg.L of salvianolic acid B-1. Precisely sucking 2, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mu L of the reference substance solution respectively, injecting into an Agilent 1200-type high performance liquid chromatograph (Agilent), and calculating a regression equation by taking a chromatographic peak area and a corresponding concentration as standard curves. Preparation of a test solution: deactivating enzyme of fresh radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae at 90 deg.C for 30s, oven drying at 60 deg.C, pulverizing, sieving with 20 mesh sieve, precisely weighing about 0.5g of radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae powder in a conical flask with a plug, precisely adding 50mL of 70% ethanol, extracting with ultrasonic wave for 30min, and centrifuging for 10 min (3000 r min)-1) The supernatant was then aspirated through a 0.45 μm filter for further use.
TABLE 1 analysis of the results of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and contents of active ingredients obtained by the cultivation methods of examples and comparative examples in examples
Figure 877514DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Therefore, the crop rotation method provided by the invention can ensure the yield and quality of the salvia miltiorrhiza, effectively control the infection rate of root-knot nematodes, obviously improve the quality of the salvia miltiorrhiza, promote the accumulation of tanshinone substances, reduce continuous cropping obstacles, reduce the infection hazards of diseases and pests and improve the yield of the salvia miltiorrhiza.

Claims (4)

1. A planting method for reducing continuous cropping obstacles of salvia miltiorrhiza is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is to crop the salvia miltiorrhiza and participate in the sweet potato on the same land, wherein, the salvia miltiorrhiza adopts a root segment propagation method for cultivation, the sweet potato is planted after the salvia miltiorrhiza is harvested, and the salvia miltiorrhiza is planted in turn after the sweet potato is harvested, which is carried out alternately year by year;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
planting of salvia miltiorrhiza
(1) Selecting soil and optimizing environment
Selecting sandy soil land which is loose and fertile, has good drainage and cured soil layer thickness of more than 25cm and has pH of 6.5-7.5 from late 9 to late 11 months;
(2) balanced fertilizer application, one-time foot application
Applying 2000-2500 kg of farmyard manure per mu, and simultaneously applying 30-80 kg of calcium superphosphate per mu in a matching manner to serve as a base fertilizer;
(3) ridging
After balanced fertilization, ridging and leveling according to the standard that the ridge width is 60cm, the ridge height is 15cm and the ridge distance is 90 cm;
(4) plastic film mulching
Covering a mulching film with the thickness of 0.006mm on the ridge, and pressing two sides of the mulching film with soil;
(5) transplanting of seedlings
Selecting root segments of the red sage roots growing in two years from 2 late months of the next year to 4 late months of the next year, cutting, and then planting, wherein the cutting standard of the root segments is as follows: the length of the root section is 6-7 cm, the end close to the root is cut into a horse ear shape by a sharp blade, and then two longitudinal marks with the depth of 2mm are respectively drawn on two sides of the horse ear shape so as to be beneficial to rooting; planting distance is 20cm and row distance is 20 cm; according to the plant-row spacing, after holes are punched in the mulching film, the horse ear end of the root section of the salvia miltiorrhiza is planted into a soil layer, and then 2cm of soil is covered;
(6) field management and harvesting
Collecting mulch film when the harvesting period of Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix is from 12 last ten days to 1 last month of the next year, digging out Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix root, removing stem and leaf, removing soil, removing outer skin when sun-drying to semi-dry, and sun-drying or oven-drying;
planting sweet potatoes
(1) Soil preparation and ridging
Ploughing the harvested salvia miltiorrhiza, harrowing until the soil is soft and flat, applying a mixed fertilizer consisting of farmyard manure and erythromycin dregs according to 280-350 kg/mu after harrowing, ridging when the relative water content of the soil is 75% or more, wherein the ridge width is 25-40 cm, the ridge height is 20-30 cm, and the ridge interval is 10 cm;
(2) sowing potato seedlings
Selecting sweet potato seedlings with the length of 10-15 cm, reserving 2-3 sweet potato leaves at the tops, dipping rooting powder at the roots, and planting the sweet potato seedlings on ridges, wherein the planting distance of the sweet potato seedlings is 10-12 cm;
(3) field management and harvesting
After sweet potato seedlings are planted for 20-30 days, digging grooves with the width of 8-10 cm at two sides of each ridge along the extending direction of each ridge, enabling the horizontal distance between each groove and each sweet potato seedling to be 8-10 cm, enabling the grooves to be vertical to the direction of the bottom of each ridge, enabling one groove to be 1-2 cm below the root of each sweet potato seedling, enabling the other groove to be 3-6 cm above the root of each sweet potato seedling, applying a composite regulator at the bottom of each groove according to the ratio of 90-120 kg/mu, backfilling the grooves, watering the grooves thoroughly after covering soil, performing normal field management, and harvesting after the seedlings are mature;
the composite regulator comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of purslane, 0.5-0.8 part of wheat straw powder, 0.1-0.2 part of lecithin, 0.1-0.2 part of rhamnolipid, 2-3 parts of sweet potato starch and 1-2 parts of potato starch; the preparation method of the composite regulator comprises the following steps: grinding purslane, mixing the ground purslane with potato starch, adding water for granulation, drying to prepare a pill core with the particle size of 1-3 mm, uniformly mixing wheat straw powder, lecithin, rhamnolipid and sweet potato starch, and uniformly coating the surface of the pill core to obtain a granular composite regulator with the particle size of 4-5 mm;
thirdly, repeating the first step and the second step, and planting the salvia miltiorrhiza and the sweet potatoes in a rotation manner;
in the step (2), the sweet potato variety is Jixu 23, Taizhong No. 9 or Longshu No. 1.
2. The planting method of claim 1, wherein: firstly, planting salvia miltiorrhiza, wherein in the step (5), thick and strong salvia miltiorrhiza root sections which are consistent in growth vigor, healthy and healthy, have no diseases or insect pests and have the diameter of 0.5-1 cm are selected.
3. The planting method of claim 1, wherein: firstly, planting salvia miltiorrhiza, wherein in the step (6), salvia miltiorrhiza plants which do not aim at collecting seeds are cut off all flowers and branches in the early morning or evening when the inflorescence of salvia miltiorrhiza is not unfolded, so as to reduce the consumption of nutrients, promote the growth of roots and improve the yield of salvia miltiorrhiza.
4. The planting method of claim 1, wherein: planting sweet potatoes, wherein in the step (1), the mass ratio of farmyard manure to erythromycin dregs is 50-60: 1.
CN201710679140.XA 2017-08-10 2017-08-10 Planting method for reducing continuous cropping obstacle of salvia miltiorrhiza Active CN107318446B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201710679140.XA CN107318446B (en) 2017-08-10 2017-08-10 Planting method for reducing continuous cropping obstacle of salvia miltiorrhiza

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201710679140.XA CN107318446B (en) 2017-08-10 2017-08-10 Planting method for reducing continuous cropping obstacle of salvia miltiorrhiza

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN107318446A CN107318446A (en) 2017-11-07
CN107318446B true CN107318446B (en) 2020-03-13

Family

ID=60199290

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201710679140.XA Active CN107318446B (en) 2017-08-10 2017-08-10 Planting method for reducing continuous cropping obstacle of salvia miltiorrhiza

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN107318446B (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109644805A (en) * 2019-02-21 2019-04-19 文登市大德兴农庄农产品有限公司 A kind of method of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae root segment plantation
CN111183862B (en) * 2019-12-30 2022-03-08 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 Method for eliminating continuous cropping obstacle of salvia miltiorrhiza

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103262742A (en) * 2013-06-03 2013-08-28 四川逢春制药有限公司 Salviae miltiorrhizae cultivation method capable of lowering continuous cropping bad effect
CN103703965A (en) * 2013-12-09 2014-04-09 贵州信邦制药股份有限公司 Pest and disease damage control method for red-rooted salvia planting
CN106613261A (en) * 2016-12-29 2017-05-10 文山州富民红薯种植农民专业合作社 High-yield cultivation method for sweet potatoes

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103262742A (en) * 2013-06-03 2013-08-28 四川逢春制药有限公司 Salviae miltiorrhizae cultivation method capable of lowering continuous cropping bad effect
CN103703965A (en) * 2013-12-09 2014-04-09 贵州信邦制药股份有限公司 Pest and disease damage control method for red-rooted salvia planting
CN106613261A (en) * 2016-12-29 2017-05-10 文山州富民红薯种植农民专业合作社 High-yield cultivation method for sweet potatoes

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"三个丹参主产区生产情况调查";林蔚兰等;《中药材》;20080331;第31卷(第3期);第338-340页 *
林蔚兰等."三个丹参主产区生产情况调查".《中药材》.2008,第31卷(第3期), *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN107318446A (en) 2017-11-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN104094750B (en) Pollution-free food cabbage mustard cultivation method
CN101218872A (en) Isatis root cultivation method
CN103814723A (en) Efficient cultivation method for high-altitude area radix dipsaci
CN102972172A (en) Platycodon grandiflorum planting method
CN104686149A (en) Method for cultivating radix polygonati officinalis
CN1914983A (en) Protecting and nurturing epimedium, and normalized planting method
CN103444408B (en) High-yield seed reproduction method of purple perilla
CN109644805A (en) A kind of method of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae root segment plantation
CN107318446B (en) Planting method for reducing continuous cropping obstacle of salvia miltiorrhiza
CN110495359B (en) Cabbage heart planting method for improving edible quality and slowing down lignification of tender stems
CN112262712A (en) High-yield cultivation method for radix zanthoxyli
CN105493863B (en) Swertia mussotii implantation methods
CN103688699A (en) Cultivation method for folium isatidis
CN103875418B (en) Method for producing comospore veronica sara-banda
KR20070115155A (en) Grow a way rhodiola sachalinensis a. bor
CN105746115A (en) Domesticating cultivation method of gymnadenia conopsea
CN108812150A (en) A kind of kuh-seng implantation methods
CN105453875B (en) A kind of method of desert restoration of the ecosystem band plantation Radix Isatidis
CN110896809B (en) Efficient cultivation method for intercropping corn and chrysanthemum nankingense
CN107466660A (en) The cultural method to feed intake with the red sage root
CN107371726A (en) Make the method for pot marigold between a kind of arid biogeographic zone apricot
CN106489488A (en) A kind of mustard seeds planting technology
CN105993449A (en) Amomum villosum Lour seedling raising method
Makukha Technological improvement of Echinacea purpurea cultivation
CN106613238B (en) Method for cultivating yellow ginger in high-altitude areas

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant
TR01 Transfer of patent right

Effective date of registration: 20210524

Address after: 264200 xisuntuan village, Gejia Town, Wendeng District, Weihai City, Shandong Province

Patentee after: WENDENG DADEXING FARMING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS Co.,Ltd.

Address before: 250022 No. 336, South Xin Zhuang West Road, Shizhong District, Ji'nan, Shandong

Patentee before: University of Jinan

TR01 Transfer of patent right