CN103262742A - Salviae miltiorrhizae cultivation method capable of lowering continuous cropping bad effect - Google Patents
Salviae miltiorrhizae cultivation method capable of lowering continuous cropping bad effect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Provided is a salviae miltiorrhizae cultivation method capable of lowering continuous cropping bad effect. A plurality of simple operations of lime applying and plant ash applying during soil preparation and alkaline fertilizer adding during topdressing in a growing period are added on the basis of original conventional production plantation. 20-40kg of lime and 30-50kg of plant ash are applied each mu. During first topdressing in the growing period, 10-15kg ammonium bicarbonate is applied each mu, and during second topdressing in the growing period, 15-25kg calcium magnesium phosphate is applied each mu. Applying is easy, investment is low, harvest is high, salviae miltiorrhizae can be continuously cropped for a year, the problems that during salviae miltiorrhizae traditional continuous cropping, plant diseases and insect pests are aggravated, physiologic seedling dying and withering happen, growth amount on and under ground is decreased, root system number, diameter and length are reduced, harvest is lowered, and active ingredient content is lowered are effectively prevented. Due to the fact that continuous cropping can be carried out for a year, using rate of limited soil which is suitable for planting the salviae miltiorrhizae in authentic producing areas is improved, the plantable area of the salviae miltiorrhizae is increased manifold, and accordingly total output of the salviae miltiorrhizae is increased manifold.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to red sage root cultivation field, be specifically related to the dysgenic red sage root cultivation method of a kind of reduction continuous cropping.
Background technology
The red sage root is the Labiatae medicinal plant, often uses its dry root and rhizome, and the property hardship is slightly cold, the thoughts of returning home, Liver Channel have promoting blood circulation for regulating menstruation, stasis-dispelling and pain-killing, the cool blood carbuncle that disappears, the relieving restlessness that clears away heart-fire, the effect of nourishing blood and tranquilization cures mainly irregular menstruation, through closing dysmenorrhoea, a lump in the abdomen causing distension and pain, chest ventral spine pain, hot numbness pain, sore swells and ache, dysphoria and insomnia, hepatosplenomegaly, angina pectoris mainly is to use with other Chinese medicines compatibility together.More and more deep to the application study of the red sage root in recent years, its purposes is also more and more, and demand is also increasing.Demand promotion is produced also to stimulate and is excavated, and large batch of excavating makes wild resource be subjected to heavy damage year after year, and some place is endangered, the output continuous decrease, and many places begin to carry out artificial cultivation.But because the red sage root is middle warm type plant, adaptability is not strong, environmental conditions such as soil, weather, height above sea level there is strict requirement, is particular about region, formed saying of so-called " authentic medicinal herbs ", therefore, suitable tame land area is just very limited.In order to meet the need of market, be difficult to avoid the situation of continuous cropping continuous cropping to occur, but very big problem can appear in the red sage root of traditional continuous cropping continuous cropping, showing as damage by disease and insect increases the weight of, the dead seedling of physiological, withered seedling, on the ground, the underground part amount of growth descends, root quantity, diameter and length reduce, output reduces, and effective component content reduces.The continuous cropping time limit is more long, and its influence is more big, and continuous cropping is more than 4 years even do not have harvest, so continuous cropping obstacle has had a strong impact on the sustainable development that the red sage root is produced.For fear of the continuous cropping continuous cropping obstacle, people generally are and gramineous crop crop rotation 3~5 years to reduce the cause of disease radix, to reduce the incidence of disease with this most original way of crop rotation.But crop rotation reduces the original just availability of the land area of very limited suitable cultivation greatly, has further reduced the gross yield of the red sage root, makes the disparities between supply and demand of the red sage root more outstanding.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the defective of prior art, provide a kind of reduction continuous cropping dysgenic red sage root cultivation method, increased the operation that adds liming and ash when applying fertilizer to the subsoil and when topdressing vegetative period, be affixed by alkaline fertilizer on the basis that routine is produced plantation, to reduce the harmful effect that continuous cropping produces.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
The dysgenic red sage root cultivation method of a kind of reduction continuous cropping comprises choosing ground, whole ground, applies fertilizer to the subsoil, does that topdress in ridge, overlay film sled nest, plantation, field management, vegetative period, extermination of disease and insect pest step, and the concrete operations of each step are as follows:
One. choosing ground, whole ground
The selection soil layer is deep, and draining is good, the sandy soil of medium fertility, hold three ditches successfully during whole ground, comprise gutter, railway carriage or compartment ditch, drain ditch, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 25~30cm chooses foreign material such as clean weeds, stone before the plantation red sage root, selects not plant last year at least the soil of the red sage root.
Two. apply fertilizer to the subsoil
(1) liming and ash: preparing quick lime, add water and send out into dry white lime in right amount, sieve, remove impurity such as stone, get the white lime of handling well, amount according to every mu 20 kilograms~40 kilograms is spread fertilizer over the fields equably in the soil table, gets ash then, spreads fertilizer over the fields equably in the soil table according to every mu 30 kilograms~50 kilograms amount;
(2) execute farm organic fertilizer: the farm organic fertilizer of learning from else's experience and becoming thoroughly decomposed, spread fertilizer over the fields in the soil table equably according to every mu 1000 kilograms~1500 kilograms amount;
(3) deep ploughing wholely: lime, ash and the farm organic fertilizer used are ploughed deeply buried, the arable land degree of depth 30~40cm mixes, and puts in order and carefully rakes.
Three. do the ridge
Distance between the ridges 80~120cm, ridge face width 50~90cm, the high 30~35cm in ridge, furrow width 30~40cm between the ridge requires that the ridge is straight, face is flat.
Four. overlay film sled nest
Mulch film is stretched, paves, is close to the ridge face cover, obturage with soil compaction around the film edge, be " fourth " font with blunt sled or double-instigator and open nest, the wrong nest duplicate rows in every ridge or triplex row, line space 25~28cm, nest spacing 25~28cm, the dark 3cm~6cm of nest.
Five. plantation
Select that the root bar is straight, color and luster is purplish red, size is even, the sub-root of annual stalwartness of no lopsided, crack-free, the no damage by disease and insect of health, diameter 7mm~10mm, the root bar is cut into the long root segment of 2.0cm~2.5cm, root segment is forward inserted in the nest in the soil by upper and lower side, cover the thick fine earth of 2cm~3cm, compacting is that the mixed liquor of 1:5 in time waters normal root water with excrement, water ratio.
Six, topdress vegetative period:
(1) topdresses for the first time
Mid-June, the ratio according to 1~1.5 kilogram in per 100 kilograms of clear liquid dungs adding carbonic hydroammonium dropped into carbonic hydroammonium in the clear liquid dung to mid-July, make its dissolving and mix, then the red sage root is carried out nest and execute, use 10~15 kilograms in carbonic hydroammonium for every mu, 1000~1500 kilograms of clear liquid dungs;
(2) topdress for the second time
Mid-July is to mid-August, position 5~10 centimetres of distance red sage root plant roots is prized 3~5 centimetres of dark nests of 5~10 centimetres of a diameter with little sled with soil, fused calcium magnesium phosphate is applied in nest, in nest, apply liquid dung clearly then, treat that clearly liquid dung all infiltrates in the soil back earthing nest is covered, use 15~25 kilograms in fused calcium magnesium phosphate for every mu, 1500~2000 kilograms of clear liquid dungs.
Seven. field management
Irrigate, water drainage: growth early stage as arid, adopt the drought resisting of in time pouring water of furrow irrigation mode, in July~October, heavy rain and autumn rain easily make soil wet excessively to cause and rot the dead seedling of root, should open the zanjon drainage waterlogging prevention;
Extract the flower tongue: late April, red sage root initial bloom stage is in time extractd the flower tongue, does not hinder blade;
Artificial weeding: red sage root growing period such as weeds are many, but artificial weeding 2~3 times, the cleaning rural area.
Eight. the extermination of disease and insect pest
Damage by disease and insect may take place in vegetative period in the red sage root, carries out corresponding control as the case may be:
The method of preventing and treating of root rot: carry out rice field-upland field rotation or spray with 800 times of dilutions of 50% topsin;
The method of preventing and treating of stalk break: their early stage is sprayed with jinggangmeisu, carbendazim mixture; Also 1000 times of dilution sprayings of available 50% rizolex or cast;
The method of preventing and treating of leaf spot; Attention digs trenches to drain the water away, and reduces field humidity; Divest the Lao Ye of stem's morbidity, in order to ventilation, reduce pathogeny; Spray bordeaux mixture before and after onset;
The method of preventing and treating of black cutworm: available 90% chlorophos, 100 grams are admixed the tea seed cake of frying perfume and are made poison bait for 5 kilograms, are sprinkled into the field trapping;
The method of preventing and treating of crazing moth: with 1000 times of dilutions of 90% crystal chlorophos, 300~350 times of dilution sprayings of perhaps 250 times of dilutions of 25% 223 emulsion, or 25% galecron aqua.
Above-mentioned choosing ground, whole ground, do ridge, overlay film sled nest, plantation, field management, the extermination of disease and insect pest and all adopt conventional method of producing plantation.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention is conventional to produce has increased the operation that adds liming and ash when applying fertilizer to the subsoil and be affixed by alkaline fertilizer when topdressing vegetative period on the basis of plantation, it implements simple, easy to operate, be easy to grasp, easy to utilize, less investment, results are big, make the red sage root can continuous cropping 1 year, the damage by disease and insect that takes place in the time of can effectively preventing the continuous cropping of red sage root tradition increases the weight of the dead seedling of physiological, withered seedling, on the ground, the underground part amount of growth is not good, root quantity, diameter and length reduce, and output reduces, problems such as effective component content reduction.Because can continuous cropping 1 year; so improved the availability in the limited soil of the suitable planting red sage root in genuine producing region; but the cultivated area of the red sage root is multiplied; thereby the gross yield of the red sage root is significantly improved; guarantee market supply, guaranteed the medication demand, protected the masses' health; also improve medicinal herb grower's income greatly, had good economic benefits and social benefit.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The experimental field: in Lin Jiagou village, Shiquan township, Zhongjiang County, Sichuan Province, select not plant last year at least the soil of the red sage root, test in continuous 2 years, the experimental field area is 0.3 mu, its concrete operations are as follows:
Apply fertilizer to the subsoil:
(1) liming and ash: preparing quick lime, add water and send out into dry white lime in right amount, sieve, remove impurity such as stone, get the white lime of handling well, spread fertilizer over the fields equably in the soil table according to 20 kilograms every mu amount, get ash then, spread fertilizer over the fields equably in the soil table according to 30 kilograms every mu amount;
(2) execute farm organic fertilizer: the farm organic fertilizer of learning from else's experience and becoming thoroughly decomposed, spread fertilizer over the fields in the soil table equably according to every mu 1000 kilograms~1500 kilograms amount;
(3) deep ploughing wholely: lime, ash and the farm organic fertilizer used are ploughed deeply buried, the arable land degree of depth 30~40cm mixes, and puts in order and carefully rakes;
Topdress vegetative period:
(1) topdresses for the first time
Mid-June, the ratio according to 1~1.5 kilogram in per 100 kilograms of clear liquid dungs adding carbonic hydroammonium dropped into carbonic hydroammonium in the clear liquid dung to mid-July, make its dissolving and mix, then the red sage root is carried out nest and execute, according to 10 kilograms in every mu of carbonic hydroammonium, the amount that clear liquid dung is 1000 kilograms is used;
(2) topdress for the second time
Mid-July is to mid-August, position 5~10 centimetres of distance red sage root plant roots is prized 3~5 centimetres of dark nests of 5~10 centimetres of a diameter with little sled with soil, fused calcium magnesium phosphate is applied in nest, in nest, apply liquid dung clearly then, treat that clearly liquid dung all infiltrates in the soil back earthing nest is covered, according to 15 kilograms in every mu of fused calcium magnesium phosphate, the amount that clear liquid dung is 1500 kilograms is used.
Choosing ground, whole ground, do ridge, overlay film sled nest, plantation, field management, the extermination of disease and insect pest and all adopt conventional method of producing plantation, 1 year, about 98 kilograms of this experimental field output, tanshinone IIA content is about 0.25%; 1 year, about 81 kilograms of this experimental field output, tanshinone IIA content is about 0.24%.
Conclusion: of the present invention kind of method for planting, the output in 1 year of 1 year red sage root production ratio are only low by about 17%, are not less than the conventional output of the red sage root, the damage by disease and insect that does not more occur in traditional continuous cropping continuous cropping increases the weight of, the dead seedling of physiological, withered seedling, the underground part amount of growth descends, the problem that effective component content reduces.
Embodiment 2:
The experimental field: in Lin Jiagou village, Shiquan township, Zhongjiang County, Sichuan Province, select not plant last year at least the soil of the red sage root, test in continuous 2 years, the experimental field area is 0.3 mu, its concrete operations are as follows:
Apply fertilizer to the subsoil:
(1) liming and ash: preparing quick lime, add water and send out into dry white lime in right amount, sieve, remove impurity such as stone, get the white lime of handling well, spread fertilizer over the fields equably in the soil table according to 40 kilograms every mu amount, get ash then, spread fertilizer over the fields equably in the soil table according to 50 kilograms every mu amount;
(2) execute farm organic fertilizer: the farm organic fertilizer of learning from else's experience and becoming thoroughly decomposed, spread fertilizer over the fields in the soil table equably according to every mu 1000 kilograms~1500 kilograms amount;
(3) deep ploughing wholely: lime, ash and the farm organic fertilizer used are ploughed deeply buried, the arable land degree of depth 30~40cm mixes, and puts in order and carefully rakes;
Topdress vegetative period:
(1) topdresses for the first time
Mid-June, the ratio according to 1~1.5 kilogram in per 100 kilograms of clear liquid dungs adding carbonic hydroammonium dropped into carbonic hydroammonium in the clear liquid dung to mid-July, make its dissolving and mix, then the red sage root is carried out nest and execute, according to 15 kilograms in every mu of carbonic hydroammonium, the amount that clear liquid dung is 1500 kilograms is used;
(2) topdress for the second time
Mid-July is to mid-August, position 5~10 centimetres of distance red sage root plant roots is prized 3~5 centimetres of dark nests of 5~10 centimetres of a diameter with little sled with soil, fused calcium magnesium phosphate is applied in nest, in nest, apply liquid dung clearly then, treat that clearly liquid dung all infiltrates in the soil back earthing nest is covered, according to 25 kilograms in every mu of fused calcium magnesium phosphate, the amount that clear liquid dung is 2000 kilograms is used.
Choosing ground, whole ground, do ridge, overlay film sled nest, plantation, field management, the extermination of disease and insect pest and all adopt conventional method of producing plantation, 1 year, about 114 kilograms of this experimental field output, tanshinone IIA content is about 0.24%; 1 year, about 97 kilograms of this experimental field output, tanshinone IIA content is about 0.24%.
Conclusion: of the present invention kind of method for planting, the output in 1 year of 1 year red sage root production ratio are only low by about 15%, are not less than the conventional output of the red sage root, the damage by disease and insect that does not more occur in traditional continuous cropping continuous cropping increases the weight of, the dead seedling of physiological, withered seedling, the underground part amount of growth descends, the problem that effective component content reduces.
Embodiment 3:
The experimental field: in Lin Jiagou village, Shiquan township, Zhongjiang County, Sichuan Province, select not plant last year at least the soil of the red sage root, test in continuous 2 years, the experimental field area is 0.3 mu, its concrete operations are as follows:
Apply fertilizer to the subsoil:
(1) liming and ash: preparing quick lime, add water and send out into dry white lime in right amount, sieve, remove impurity such as stone, get the white lime of handling well, spread fertilizer over the fields equably in the soil table according to 30 kilograms every mu amount, get ash then, spread fertilizer over the fields equably in the soil table according to 40 kilograms every mu amount;
(2) execute farm organic fertilizer: the farm organic fertilizer of learning from else's experience and becoming thoroughly decomposed, spread fertilizer over the fields in the soil table equably according to every mu 1000 kilograms~1500 kilograms amount;
(3) deep ploughing wholely: lime, ash and the farm organic fertilizer used are ploughed deeply buried, the arable land degree of depth 30~40cm mixes, and puts in order and carefully rakes;
Topdress vegetative period:
(1) topdresses for the first time
Mid-June, the ratio according to 1~1.5 kilogram in per 100 kilograms of clear liquid dungs adding carbonic hydroammonium dropped into carbonic hydroammonium in the clear liquid dung to mid-July, make its dissolving and mix, then the red sage root is carried out nest and execute, according to 13 kilograms in every mu of carbonic hydroammonium, the amount that clear liquid dung is 1200 kilograms is used;
(2) topdress for the second time
Mid-July is to mid-August, position 5~10 centimetres of distance red sage root plant roots is prized 3~5 centimetres of dark nests of 5~10 centimetres of a diameter with little sled with soil, fused calcium magnesium phosphate is applied in nest, in nest, apply liquid dung clearly then, treat that clearly liquid dung all infiltrates in the soil back earthing nest is covered, according to 20 kilograms in every mu of fused calcium magnesium phosphate, the amount that clear liquid dung is 1800 kilograms is used.
Choosing ground, whole ground, do ridge, overlay film sled nest, plantation, field management, the extermination of disease and insect pest and all adopt conventional method of producing plantation, 1 year, about 89 kilograms of this experimental field output, tanshinone IIA content is about 0.24%; 1 year, about 76 kilograms of this experimental field output, tanshinone IIA content is about 0.24%.
Conclusion: of the present invention kind of method for planting, the output in 1 year of 1 year red sage root production ratio are only low by about 15%, are not less than the conventional output of the red sage root, the damage by disease and insect that does not more occur in traditional continuous cropping continuous cropping increases the weight of, the dead seedling of physiological, withered seedling, the underground part amount of growth descends, the problem that effective component content reduces.
Claims (3)
1. one kind is reduced the dysgenic red sage root cultivation method of continuous cropping, comprise choosing ground, whole ground, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, do the ridge, overlay film sled nest, plantation, field management, vegetative period topdress, extermination of disease and insect pest step, it is characterized in that the described method that applies fertilizer to the subsoil and topdress vegetative period is as follows:
Apply fertilizer to the subsoil:
(1) liming and ash: preparing quick lime, add water and send out into dry white lime in right amount, sieve, remove stone impurity, get the white lime of handling well, spread fertilizer over the fields equably in the soil table according to 20~40 kilograms every mu amount, get ash then, spread fertilizer over the fields equably in the soil table according to 30~50 kilograms every mu amount;
(2) execute farm organic fertilizer: the farm organic fertilizer of learning from else's experience and becoming thoroughly decomposed, spread fertilizer over the fields in the soil table equably according to 1000~1500 kilograms every mu amount;
(3) deep ploughing wholely: lime, ash and the farm organic fertilizer used are ploughed deeply buried, the arable land degree of depth 30~40cm mixes, and puts in order and carefully rakes;
Topdress vegetative period:
(1) topdresses for the first time
Mid-June, the ratio according to 1~1.5 kilogram in per 100 kilograms of clear liquid dungs adding carbonic hydroammonium dropped into carbonic hydroammonium in the clear liquid dung to mid-July, make its dissolving and mix, then the red sage root is carried out nest and execute, use 10~15 kilograms in carbonic hydroammonium for every mu, 1000~1500 kilograms of clear liquid dungs;
(2) topdress for the second time
Mid-July is to mid-August, position 5~10 centimetres of distance red sage root plant roots is prized 3~5 centimetres of dark nests of 5~10 centimetres of a diameter with little sled with soil, fused calcium magnesium phosphate is applied in nest, in nest, apply liquid dung clearly then, treat that clearly liquid dung all infiltrates in the soil back earthing nest is covered, use 15~25 kilograms in fused calcium magnesium phosphate for every mu, 1500~2000 kilograms of clear liquid dungs.
2. the dysgenic red sage root cultivation method of reduction continuous cropping according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the soil that should select not plant last year at least to choosing the red sage root.
3. the dysgenic red sage root cultivation method of reduction continuous cropping according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described choosing ground, whole ground, do ridge, overlay film sled nest, plantation, field management, the extermination of disease and insect pest and all adopt conventional method of producing plantation.
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Cited By (6)
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CN103609271A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-03-05 | 烟台民大生航天育种产品开发有限公司 | Space salvia miltiorrhizae cultivation technique |
CN105875125A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2016-08-24 | 唐立华 | Papaya field continuous cropping multiplication method |
CN106083457A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-11-09 | 陕西师范大学 | A kind of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata continuous cropping soil chemical fertilizer specially conditioner and preparation method thereof |
CN106171464A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-12-07 | 台州市农业科学研究院 | A kind of prevention and controls of production of hybrid seeds Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae sclerotiniose |
CN107318446A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-11-07 | 济南大学 | It is a kind of to reduce the implantation methods of red sage root continuous cropping obstacle |
CN114271161A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-04-05 | 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Planting method for high-quality and high-yield salvia miltiorrhiza |
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103609271A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-03-05 | 烟台民大生航天育种产品开发有限公司 | Space salvia miltiorrhizae cultivation technique |
CN103609271B (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2017-01-11 | 烟台民大生航天育种产品开发有限公司 | Space salvia miltiorrhizae cultivation technique |
CN105875125A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2016-08-24 | 唐立华 | Papaya field continuous cropping multiplication method |
CN106083457A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-11-09 | 陕西师范大学 | A kind of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata continuous cropping soil chemical fertilizer specially conditioner and preparation method thereof |
CN106171464A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-12-07 | 台州市农业科学研究院 | A kind of prevention and controls of production of hybrid seeds Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae sclerotiniose |
CN106171464B (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2018-03-02 | 台州市农业科学研究院 | A kind of prevention and controls of production of hybrid seeds broccoli sclerotiniose |
CN107318446A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-11-07 | 济南大学 | It is a kind of to reduce the implantation methods of red sage root continuous cropping obstacle |
CN107318446B (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2020-03-13 | 济南大学 | Planting method for reducing continuous cropping obstacle of salvia miltiorrhiza |
CN114271161A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-04-05 | 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Planting method for high-quality and high-yield salvia miltiorrhiza |
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