CN107371726A - Make the method for pot marigold between a kind of arid biogeographic zone apricot - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for planting calendula officinalis under apricot trees in an arid area. The method adopts the steps of soil preparation, fertilization, seed treatment, sowing, field management and harvesting. The method of the present invention makes full use of the open space under the apricot grove to plant calendula chrysanthemum to improve the utilization efficiency of land, water and light and heat; the intercropping calendula chrysanthemum can keep water and keep moisture, and fix the sand on the ground surface, which brings ecological benefits; at the same time, it increases the Economic benefits have increased the income of farmers and herdsmen. It provides local farmers and herdsmen with a new economic crop planted under the forest, and has a high yield. At the same time, it also develops local sightseeing and tourism agriculture. Compared with local farmers and herdsmen planting wheat and corn under the trees, the income from planting calendula is twice that of wheat and corn. The method of the invention has relatively low technical requirements for planting, low management costs, and higher income than planting food crops.

Description

A kind of method of apricot tree intercropping calendula in arid area

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of calendula, in particular to a technical method for planting calendula under apricot trees.

Background technique

Xinjiang is a large apricot cultivation province in China, and the main apricot producing area in Xinjiang is in the arid area of southern Xinjiang. Apricot is rich in nutrition, rich in calcium, phosphorus, vitamins, protein and other nutrients, which is beneficial to the body and is also one of the fruits that are generally loved by people. In addition to eating fresh and drying, apricots are mainly processed into apricot products such as apricot juice, apricot wine, and preserved apricots. There is a large demand for apricots in the market. Due to its tall crown, planting requires a relatively large row spacing. Therefore, there is a large open space under the apricot forest, and the open space under the forest is fully utilized to plant pasture. In southern Xinjiang, crops such as wheat, corn and alfalfa are intercropped with apricot trees, but none of the planting methods is apricot-flower intercropping. By planting calendula under apricot trees, the comprehensive development and utilization of apricot products and calendula can be developed. At the same time, it will drive the tourism economy and solve the problem of low income of farmers and herdsmen in the arid areas of southern Xinjiang. At the same time, intercropping calendula with apricot trees can not only fertilize the soil, improve nutrition, and improve fruit quality; it is also conducive to water retention and moisture retention, wind and sand fixation, and increased ecological benefits; at the same time, it can improve land use efficiency and increase the income of farmers and herdsmen.

Calendula chrysanthemum, also known as big calendula, water rising chrysanthemum, and mountain calendula, belongs to the family Asteraceae and the genus Calendula in the plant classification system. Calendula is a common ornamental flower, but also a kind of Chinese herbal medicine, and its dried flowers can also be used as scented tea. It is originally produced in Egypt and southern Europe, but due to its strong adaptability, it has been widely planted all over the world, and it is cultivated in all parts of our country. Not only is calendula widely used in the food and cosmetic industries, but it also plays a pivotal role in the history of medicine, pharmacy and botany in Europe. As early as the Middle Ages in Europe, calendula has been used to treat varicose veins, bedsores and skin diseases, and has been used in various first aid treatments in the form of ointments for a long time. In my country, calendula is used as a folk medicine for the treatment of diseases such as otitis media and irregular menstruation. Studies have shown that calendula contains active substances such as flavonoids and triterpene saponins. Flavonoids have a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, and hepatoprotective effects. Calendula officinalis is rich in carotenoids and flavonoids, which are not only medicinal ingredients, but also two types of important natural pigments with high commercial value. They have been applied to food, cosmetics and other fields abroad. The United States imports a large amount of calendula flowers from Southeast Asia every year to meet the demand of the American market. Calendula flowers are rich in nutrients needed by the human body. Every 100g of dried flowers contains 9.5g of protein, 13.1g of fat, 10.2g of reducing sugar, 10.4g of crude fiber, 2920mg of potassium, 200mg of magnesium, 90mg of iron, 0.65mg of strontium, and various amino acids, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, etc. Therefore, calendula chrysanthemum can not only be used for medicine, but also is expected to be developed and utilized in the aspects of flowers as food and tea making. At present, the market prospect is very broad.

So far, the Chinese patent (CN 102047799 A) is a high-yield cultivation method of Calendula chinensis, a standardized planting method of Calendula officinalis, which relates to the technical field of Calendula officinalis planting, and provides a scientific and reasonable planting method of Calendula officinalis, which is simple and easy to implement. Planting technology method of calendula chinensis; Chinese patent (CN 105009925 A) a planting technology method of Ophiopogon japonicus and Calendula officinalis interplanting, a kind of standardized planting method of Ophiopogon japonicus and Calendula officinalis, relates to the field of planting calendula officinalis, provides a Scientific and reasonable planting, simple and easy method of interplanting Ophiopogon japonicus and Calendula officinalis. And the present invention is mainly planted under the apricot tree that has become a forest, and is planted in the extremely arid southern Xinjiang area, and the planting area is different, and the fruit trees of intercropping are different, therefore, the method of management and sowing is also different.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for apricot intercropping calendula in arid areas, which is completed by the steps of soil preparation, fertilization, seed treatment, sowing, field management and harvesting. The method of the present invention makes full use of the open space under the apricot grove to plant calendula chrysanthemum to improve the utilization efficiency of land, water and light and heat; the intercropping calendula chrysanthemum can keep water and keep moisture, and fix the sand on the ground surface, which brings ecological benefits; at the same time, it increases the Economic benefits have increased the income of farmers and herdsmen. It provides local farmers and herdsmen with a new commercial crop planted under the forest, and the yield is very high. At the same time, it also develops local sightseeing and tourism agriculture. Compared with local farmers and herdsmen planting wheat and corn under the trees, the income from planting calendula is twice that of wheat and corn. Planting has relatively low technical requirements and low management costs, and its income is higher than that of growing food crops.

The method for planting Calendula officinalis under a kind of arid area apricot tree of the present invention, carries out according to the following steps:

a. Soil preparation: Apricot trees are generally planted with a row spacing of 12-15m. The apricot trees are arranged in rows. The apricot trees are planted in a straight line. Ridges are formed on both sides of each row of apricot trees. then rake level;

b. Fertilization: combined with site preparation, 1 ton of sheep manure, 20-30 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 6.7 kg of potassium fertilizer must be applied per mu, and enough base fertilizer should be applied once;

c. Seed treatment: select seeds, remove impurities and seeds, ensure that the seeds are full, sun-dry the selected seeds, soak the seeds in warm water at a temperature of 35-40°C for 3-4 hours before sowing, and then remove them with clean water Filter once, dry the water, and then use thiophanate-methyl or mancozeb for seed dressing, and then the seeds can be sown;

d. Sowing: The sowing time is at the end of March or early April in spring, using artificial drills, planting in wide and narrow rows, with a width of 60cm, a narrow row of 30cm, and a plant spacing of 20cm. The sowing depth is 1.0-1.5cm, and the sowing amount is after emergence. The density is 5500-6000 seedlings per mu;

e. Irrigation: water immediately after sowing, and then once a week. After one month, when the seedlings grow to 10cm, irrigate twice a month. The irrigation method is the same as that of local farmers and herdsmen, and the water just overflows all ground surface;

f, management: management after planting, the growth of Calendula officinalis seedlings is relatively weak, and intertillage operations should be based on weeding to prevent land compaction. It is advisable to bury the top center of the first branch of the seedlings. Spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time after each flower picking, spray 3 times in total, and topdress potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5-10 kg per acre;

g. Harvesting: picking calendula in mid-August, the petals are fully unfolded, the flower center is not fully open, and it is picked in the morning or in the evening when it reaches 8-9 maturity, and the harvesting time is 1-2 days before flowering.

A kind of method of planting calendula under apricot tree in arid area of the present invention, the economic and ecological benefit of this method: select apricot, calendula intercropping, there is a large open space under the apricot grove, make full use of the open space under the apricot grove for planting Calendula chrysanthemum improves land use efficiency; realizes the organic planting of apricot trees, and intercropping calendula chrysanthemum is conducive to improving soil, fertilizing soil, retaining water and moisturizing, preventing wind and sand, and playing a very good ecological benefit; increasing farmers and herdsmen income.

In 2015-2016, the present invention completed this test at the Cele Station of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cele County, and planted Calendula chrysanthemum under the apricot tree that had been planted for 10 years, and the measured yield reached 80 kilograms per mu. Calendula chrysanthemum, calculated according to 30 yuan per kilogram of dried calendula, can increase income by 2,400 yuan per mu. After excluding the cost of 500 yuan per mu, the net income of farmers and herdsmen is 1,900 yuan. At the same time, it is also conducive to the development of tourism industry in southern Xinjiang.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the clear cultivated land picture under the apricot tree of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the picture of planting Calendula officinalis under the apricot tree of the present invention.

detailed description

The present invention is not limited by the following examples, and specific implementation methods can be determined according to the technical solutions of the present invention and actual conditions.

Example 1

a. Soil preparation: Apricot trees are generally planted with a row spacing of 12m. The apricot trees are arranged in rows, and the apricot trees are planted in a straight line. Ridges are formed on both sides of each row of apricot trees, with a width of 2m and a height of 20cm. smooth;

b. Fertilization: Combined with site preparation, 1 ton of sheep manure, 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 6.7 kg of potassium fertilizer must be applied per mu, and enough base fertilizer should be applied once;

c. Seed treatment: select seeds, remove impurities and seeds, ensure that the seeds are full, and dry the selected seeds to kill germs, enhance seed vitality, and increase germination rate. Before sowing, put the seeds in warm water at a temperature of 35°C Soak for 3 hours, then take it out and filter it with clean water, dry the water, in order to prevent rodents or pests and diseases at the emergence stage, then use thiophanate-methyl medicine for seed dressing, and then sow;

d. Sowing: The sowing time is at the end of March in spring, using artificial drill sowing, planting in wide and narrow rows, 60cm wide row, 30cm narrow row, 20cm plant spacing, 1.0cm sowing depth, the sowing amount is after emergence, and the density of calendula is per acre. 5500 plants;

e. Irrigation: water immediately after sowing, and then once a week. After one month, when the seedlings grow to 10cm, irrigate twice a month. The irrigation method is the same as that of local farmers and herdsmen, and the water just overflows all ground surface;

f, management: management after planting, the growth of Calendula officinalis seedlings is relatively weak, and intertillage operations should be based on weeding to prevent land compaction. It is advisable to bury the top center of the first branch of the seedlings. Spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time after each flower picking, spray 3 times in total, and topdress 5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu. Pest control: summer drought in southern Xinjiang 1. In the season of less rain, the occurrence of diseases and insect pests is seldom or not serious, so it is not necessary to carry out agricultural control;

g. Harvesting: Picking Calendula in mid-August, the petals are fully unfolded, the flower center is not fully open, and it is picked in the morning or in the evening when it reaches 8-9 maturity (low temperature and relatively high humidity). 1-2 days before.

Example 2

a. Soil preparation: Apricot trees are generally planted with a row spacing of 15m. The apricot trees are arranged in rows, and the apricot trees are planted in a straight line. Ridges are formed on both sides of each row of apricot trees, with a width of 2m and a height of 20cm. smooth;

b. Fertilization: In combination with site preparation, 1 ton of sheep manure, 30 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 6.7 kg of potassium fertilizer must be applied per mu, and enough base fertilizer should be applied once;

c. Seed treatment: select seeds, remove impurities and seeds, ensure that the seeds are full, and sun-dry the selected seeds to kill germs, enhance seed vitality, and increase germination rate. Before sowing, put the seeds in warm water at a temperature of 40°C Soak for 4 hours, then take it out and filter it with clean water, dry the water, in order to prevent rodents or pests at the emergence stage, then use mancozeb for seed dressing, and then sow;

d. Sowing: The sowing time is the beginning of April in spring, using artificial drilling, planting in wide and narrow rows, wide row 60cm, narrow row 30cm, plant spacing 20cm, sowing depth at 1.5cm, sowing amount is after emergence, and the density of calendula is per acre. 6000 plants;

e. Irrigation: water immediately after sowing, and then once a week. After one month, when the seedlings grow to 10cm, irrigate twice a month. The irrigation method is the same as that of local farmers and herdsmen, and the water just overflows all ground surface;

f, management: management after planting, the growth of Calendula officinalis seedlings is relatively weak, and intertillage operations should be based on weeding to prevent land compaction. It is advisable to bury the top center of the first branch of the seedlings. Spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate once after each flower picking, spray 3 times in total, and topdress with 10 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu. Pest control: summer drought in southern Xinjiang 1. In the season of less rain, the occurrence of diseases and insect pests is seldom or not serious, so it is not necessary to carry out agricultural control;

g. Harvesting: Picking Calendula in mid-August, the petals are fully unfolded, the flower center is not fully open, and it is picked in the morning or in the evening when it reaches 8-9 maturity (low temperature and relatively high humidity). 1-2 days before.

Example 3

a. Soil preparation: Apricot trees are generally planted with a row spacing of 13m. The apricot trees are arranged in rows, and the apricot trees are planted in a straight line. Ridges are formed on both sides of each row of apricot trees, with a width of 2m and a height of 20cm. smooth;

b. Fertilization: Combined with site preparation, 1 ton of sheep manure, 25 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 6.7 kg of potassium fertilizer must be applied per mu, and enough base fertilizer should be applied once;

c. Seed treatment: select seeds, remove impurities and seeds, ensure that the seeds are full, and dry the selected seeds. Before sowing, soak the seeds in warm water at a temperature of 38°C for 3 hours, then remove them, filter them with clean water, and let them dry Dry the water, in order to prevent rodents or pests at the emergence stage, and then use thiophanate-methyl drug for seed dressing, and then sow;

d. Sowing: The sowing time is at the end of March in spring, using artificial drill sowing, planting in wide and narrow rows, 60cm wide, 30cm narrow, 20cm plant spacing, 1.2cm sowing depth, the sowing amount is after emergence, and the density of calendula is per acre. 58000 plants;

e. Irrigation: water immediately after sowing, and then once a week. After one month, when the seedlings grow to 10cm, irrigate twice a month. The irrigation method is the same as that of local farmers and herdsmen, and the water just overflows all ground surface;

f, management: management after planting, the growth of Calendula officinalis seedlings is relatively weak, and intertillage operations should be based on weeding to prevent land compaction. It is advisable to bury the top center of the first branch of the seedlings. Spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time after each flower picking, spray 3 times in total, and topdress with 8 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu. Pest control: summer drought in southern Xinjiang 1. In the season of less rain, the occurrence of diseases and insect pests is seldom or not serious, so it is not necessary to carry out agricultural control;

g. Harvesting: Picking Calendula in mid-August, the petals are fully unfolded, the flower center is not fully open, and it is picked in the morning or in the evening when it reaches 8-9 maturity (low temperature and relatively high humidity). 1-2 days before.

In summary, the method of apricot tree intercropping calendula in the arid region of the present invention has a large open space under the apricot grove, and makes full use of the open space under the apricot grove to plant calendula, improve land, water, utilization efficiency of light and heat ; Intercropping calendula can retain water and moisturize, fix sand on the surface, and bring ecological benefits; at the same time, it increases economic benefits and increases income for farmers and herdsmen. The method of the present invention has been applied in the apricot grove in Hetian Cele County, has strong adaptability and implementation effect, and has brought into play its function now.

Claims (1)

1. a method for planting Calendula officinalis under apricot tree in arid area, is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps: a. Soil preparation: Apricot trees are generally planted with a row spacing of 12-15m. The apricot trees are arranged in rows. The apricot trees are planted in a straight line. Ridges are formed on both sides of each row of apricot trees. then rake level; b. Fertilization: combined with site preparation, 1 ton of sheep manure, 20-30 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 6.7 kg of potassium fertilizer must be applied per mu, and enough base fertilizer should be applied once; c. Seed treatment: select seeds, remove impurities and seeds, ensure that the seeds are full, sun-dry the selected seeds, soak the seeds in warm water at a temperature of 35-40°C for 3-4 hours before sowing, and then remove them with clean water Filter once, dry the water, and then use thiophanate-methyl or mancozeb for seed dressing, and then the seeds can be sown; d. Sowing: The sowing time is at the end of March or early April in spring, using artificial drills, planting in wide and narrow rows, with a width of 60cm, a narrow row of 30cm, and a plant spacing of 20cm. The sowing depth is 1.0-1.5cm, and the sowing amount is after emergence. The density is 5500-6000 seedlings per mu; e. Irrigation: water immediately after sowing, and then once a week. After one month, when the seedlings grow to 10cm, irrigate twice a month. The irrigation method is the same as that of local farmers and herdsmen, and the water just overflows all ground surface; f. Management: After planting, the growth of Calendula officinalis seedlings is relatively weak, and intertillage operations should be based on weeding to prevent land from compacting. It is advisable not to bury the top center of the first branch of the seedlings. Spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time after each flower picking, spray 3 times in total, and topdress potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5-10 kg per acre; g. Harvesting: pick calendula in mid-August. The petals are fully unfolded, and the flower center is not fully open. When it reaches 8-9 mature, it is picked in the morning or in the evening. The harvest time is 1-2 days before flowering.