CN107307255A - 一种高黄酮富硒藤茶颗粒饮料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高黄酮富硒藤茶颗粒饮料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种高黄酮富硒藤茶颗粒饮料的制备方法,它包括藤茶黄酮的提取、藤茶叶的冷冻干燥、超微粉碎、菊粉/硒蛋白添加、造粒、干燥等工艺步骤。该方法制备的藤茶颗粒饮料不仅具有更高的营养保健价值,而且具有更好的感官评价效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高黄酮富硒藤茶颗粒饮料的制备方法,属于食品加工技术领域。
背景技术
藤茶学名显齿蛇葡萄,俗称白茶、山甜茶、端午茶、龙须茶等,又名长寿茶,为葡萄科蛇葡萄属的一种野生木质落叶藤本植物,是我国特有的药食两用资源。藤茶主要分布在湖南、湖北、广西、广东、云南、贵州、江西、福建等省区,味甘、淡,性凉,具有清热解毒、祛风湿、强筋骨之功效,泡服用于感冒发热咽喉肿痛湿热黄疸高血压等病症。无论作为饮品、保健品,还是药用植物资源,藤茶均具有较高的开发利用价值。
研究表明,藤茶富含黄酮类物质,有效部位总黄酮含量达40%左右。藤茶中的黄酮类化合物种类多样,有二氢杨梅素、槲皮素、花旗松素、山奈酚、藤茶素、杨梅苷、橙皮素、洋芹素等。其中,二氢杨梅素是藤茶中的主要活性成分,是形成藤茶黄绿汤色回甘滋味的重要物质基础。大量研究证明,黄酮具有抗自由基、抗氧化、抗癌、抗菌、抗过敏、抗炎症等多种生理活性及药理作用,且无毒,对人类多种疾病的防治有重要意义。藤茶及其提取物具有增强和调节免疫、降血脂、降血压、降血糖、抗炎、抑菌、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、保肝护肝、以及减轻乙醇中毒等功效。近年来,藤茶或其提取物已被广泛应用于食品和日化品中,如藤茶饮料、面条、牙膏等。然而,由于藤茶提取和加工工艺落后,导致活性成分损失严重,造成产品的保健效果很差,尤其是饮料产品,由于在提取过程中藤茶成分发生转化,导致饮料的风味口感也发生了很大的变化。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高黄酮富硒藤茶颗粒饮料的制备方法,采用该方法制备的藤茶颗粒,含有更高的总黄酮和硒,具有更好的保健价值,而且具有更佳的风味口感,消费者更乐于饮用。
本发明提供的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)将藤茶叶洗净、捣碎,按藤茶叶重量加入10-30倍水和0.02-0.05倍纤维素酶,在50-70℃条件下进行微波辅助提取,微波功率100-200W,提取时间0.5-1h,然后过滤,将滤液低温减压浓缩至相对密度为1.1-1.3的清膏;
2)另取藤茶叶,洗净后粉碎成粗粉,然后与步骤1)中的清膏按3-8:1的重量比混合,冷冻干燥并粉碎成细粉;
3)向步骤2)的细粉中按重量加入0.5-1%菊粉、0.05-0.1%硒蛋白粉,混匀后再加入粘合剂,搅拌制成软材,然后通过沸腾床制粒并在40-60℃条件下干燥,即得。
优选地,步骤2)中,所述冷冻干燥的温度不超过40℃。
优选地,步骤2)中,所述细粉是粒径为250-350目的细粉。
优选地,步骤3)中,所述粘合剂是水、乙醇、麦芽糊精、黄原胶。
本发明的有益效果是:
1)本发明制备的藤茶颗粒饮料富含总黄酮和硒,其中硒含量不少于30μg/3g,茶汤中总黄酮溶出量不低于0.15g/100mL,因此具有更高的营养保健价值,可作为一种提高人体免疫力的功能性茶饮料。
2)本发明制备的藤茶颗粒饮料减少了藤茶活性成分的损失和转化,保留了藤茶原有的色泽和口感,颗粒溶解性好,质量均一,稳定性更好,冲饮时口感更加甘香,气味更浓,留香时间更长。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明进行详细地说明。
实施例1:
1)将藤茶叶洗净、捣碎,按藤茶叶重量加入25倍水和0.025倍纤维素酶,在60℃条件下进行微波辅助提取,微波功率150W,提取时间1h,然后过滤,将滤液在50℃以下减压浓缩至相对密度为1.2的清膏;
2)另取藤茶叶,洗净后粉碎成粗粉,然后与步骤1)中的清膏按8:1的重量比混合,冷冻干燥并粉碎成能通过300目筛网的细粉;
冷冻干燥的程序是:先将混合后的物料置于温度为-30℃的冷冻箱中迅速冷冻;然后将物料置于真空度为20pa的真空干燥箱中,将物料温度以每小时升高2℃的速度升温到30℃,并在30℃保温8小时,然后取出。
本发明采用真空冻干的方式对藤茶进行处理,整个过程都在较低的温度下进行,从而降低了活性成分的损失,保留了藤茶原有的色泽,清膏中的活性成分在升华解析的过程中更容易渗透到藤茶叶的内部,使产品质量更加均一,稳定性更好,而且使颗粒在冲服时留香时间更长。尤其是,当藤茶叶粗粉被冻干后,其组织细胞被破坏,物理性质发生了极大的改变,体积变得更加蓬松,粉末的溶解性变得更好,口感变得更加甘香。
3)向步骤2)的细粉中按重量加入1%的菊粉、0.05%硒蛋白粉,混匀后再加入重量浓度为1%的黄原胶水溶液作粘合剂,搅拌制成软材,然后通过沸腾床制粒并在50℃条件下干燥,即得。
实施例2:
1)将藤茶叶洗净、捣碎,按藤茶叶重量加入30倍水和0.02倍纤维素酶,在50℃条件下进行微波辅助提取,微波功率200W,提取时间0.5h,然后过滤,将滤液在50℃以下减压浓缩至相对密度为1.1的清膏;
2)另取藤茶叶,洗净后粉碎成粗粉,然后与步骤1)中的清膏按3:1的重量比混合,冷冻干燥并粉碎成能通过250目筛网的细粉;
冷冻干燥的程序是:先将混合后的物料置于温度为-20℃的冷冻箱中迅速冷冻;然后将物料置于真空度为10pa的真空干燥箱中,将物料温度以每小时升高1℃的速度升温到40℃,并在40℃保温5小时,然后取出。
3)向步骤2)的细粉中按重量加入0.5%菊粉、0.1%硒蛋白粉,混匀后再加入适量麦芽糊精作粘合剂,用水搅拌制成软材,然后通过沸腾床制粒并在40℃条件下干燥,即得。
实施例3:
1)将藤茶叶洗净、捣碎,按藤茶叶重量加入10倍水和0.05倍纤维素酶,在70℃条件下进行微波辅助提取,微波功率100W,提取时间1h,然后过滤,将滤液低温减压浓缩至相对密度为1.3的清膏;
2)另取藤茶叶,洗净后粉碎成粗粉,然后与步骤1)中的清膏按5:1的重量比混合,冷冻干燥并粉碎成能通过350目筛网的细粉;
冷冻干燥的程序是:先将混合后的物料置于温度为-35℃的冷冻箱中迅速冷冻;然后将物料置于真空度为15pa的真空干燥箱中,将物料温度以每小时升高1.5℃的速度升温到25℃,并在25℃保温10小时,然后取出。
3)向步骤2)的细粉中按重量加入0.8%菊粉、0.05%硒蛋白粉,混匀后再加入水作为粘合剂,搅拌制成软材,然后通过沸腾床制粒并在60℃条件下干燥,即得。
试验例1藤茶颗粒溶出物中总黄酮含量的测定
芦丁标准溶液的配制:准确称取芸香苷(Rutin,芦丁)10mg到小烧杯中,加入少量纯水,水浴加热使之部分溶解,将溶液转移至100mL容量瓶中冷却定容,得到0.1mg/mL的芦丁标准液。
标准曲线的制备:以芦丁为标准物质,准确吸取芦丁标准溶液0、1、2、3、4、5mL分别置于10mL刻度比色管中,加30%乙醇溶液定容至5mL,加入0.3mL 5%NaNO2溶液,摇匀,立刻加入0.3mL 10%Al(NO3)3溶液,放置5min,加入2mL 4%NaOH溶液,用30%乙醇定容到10mL,摇匀,同样放置5min,以0为空白,在510nm处测定吸光值,绘制芦丁含量与吸光值的标准曲线。
样品中总黄酮含量的测定:称取干燥藤茶颗粒5g用蒸馏水定容至50mL,按照标准曲线制作的方法,取3mL样液依次加入30%乙醇、NaNO2、Al(NO3)3和NaOH溶液,静置20min后过滤,测定滤液的吸光度,并根据标准曲线换算为浓度。
将干燥藤茶叶直接粉碎成300目细粉,然后加入菊粉、硒蛋白粉和粘合剂制粒,作为对照,结果见下表1。
表1藤茶颗粒中总黄酮的含量测定
样品组 | 黄酮含量(g/100mL茶汤) |
实施例1 | 0.18 |
实施例2 | 0.15 |
实施例3 | 0.17 |
对照例 | 0.08 |
试验例2藤茶颗粒的综合感官评价
将实施例1-3和对照储存于0-5℃条件下,于0、12月用相同体积的开水冲饮,观察汤色、溶解性并记录口感,结果见下表2。
表2藤茶颗粒的综合感官评价
从以上结果可以看出,本发明制备的藤茶颗粒饮料保留了藤茶原有的色泽和口感,颗粒溶解性好,质量均一,稳定性更好,冲饮时口感更加甘香,气味更浓,留香时间更长,其中实施例1的综合效果最佳。
Claims (4)
1.一种高黄酮富硒藤茶颗粒饮料的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)将藤茶叶洗净、捣碎,按藤茶叶重量加入10-30倍水和0.02-0.05倍纤维素酶,在50-70℃条件下进行微波辅助提取,微波功率100-200W,提取时间0.5-1h,然后过滤,将滤液低温减压浓缩至相对密度为1.1-1.3的清膏;
2)另取藤茶叶,洗净后粉碎成粗粉,然后与步骤1)中的清膏按3-8:1的重量比混合,冷冻干燥并粉碎成细粉;
3)向步骤2)的细粉中按重量加入0.5-1%菊粉、0.05-0.1%硒蛋白粉,混匀后再加入粘合剂,搅拌制成软材,然后通过沸腾床制粒并在40-60℃条件下干燥,即得。
2.如权利要求1所述的高黄酮富硒藤茶颗粒饮料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2)中,所述冷冻干燥的温度不超过40℃。
3.如权利要求1所述的高黄酮富硒藤茶颗粒饮料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2)中,所述细粉是粒径为250-350目的细粉。
4.如权利要求1所述的高黄酮富硒藤茶颗粒饮料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤3)中,所述粘合剂是水、乙醇、麦芽糊精、黄原胶。
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