CN107261149A - 高穿透性组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
高穿透性组合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107261149A CN107261149A CN201710530540.4A CN201710530540A CN107261149A CN 107261149 A CN107261149 A CN 107261149A CN 201710530540 A CN201710530540 A CN 201710530540A CN 107261149 A CN107261149 A CN 107261149A
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Abstract
本发明涉及高穿透性组合物及其应用,具体地涉及能以高穿透效率穿过生物屏障的新型的母药高穿透性组合物。该高穿透性组合物穿过一层或多层生物屏障后会转化为母药或母药相关化合物如代谢物,从而达到母药或母药相关化合物的治疗效果。此外,该高穿透性组合物能够到达母药或母药相关化合物无法进入或形成有效血药浓度的“作用目的地”,从而可以治疗新的疾病。举例来说,结果表明NSAIA的高穿透性组合物可以治疗脱发和秃顶。高穿透性组合物可以通过多种给药途径向生物体使用,如通过局部给药使药物在作用部位达到较高的浓度,或通过向生物体全身给药来较快的进入循环系统。
Description
本申请是2009年12月4日提交的发明名称为“高穿透性组合物及其它们的应用”的中国专利申请200980156151.3的分案申请。
优先权声明
本专利申请要求对2008年12月4日提交的第61/120,052号美国专利的优先权,在此披露中该专利作为参考引入。
技术领域
本发明涉及能够穿透一层或多层生物屏障的组合物及医药组合物,和使用该医药组合物来预防、诊断和/或治疗人类、动物和植物的症状或疾病的方法。
背景技术
在体外有效的活性试剂或药物由于在体内难以运输,尤其是在抵达体内病症发生位置前由于穿过一个或多个生物屏障的能力有限可能在体内没有疗效。
目前,多数药物通过全身途径给药到达症状或疾病的作用部位,如口服给药或非肠胃给药。为了使药物到达远端位置,全身给药往往需要使用大剂量的药物,药物通过这种途径给药可能会产生副作用。
例如,非甾体类抗炎药(NSAIAs)被广泛地应用于治疗急性或慢性的疼痛或炎症性病症。尽管NSAIAs在胃和肠粘膜中吸收,口服给药经常伴随有如胃肠(GI)反应和对肾反应的不良药物反应。比如,众所周知阿司匹林会引起胃粘膜细胞损伤。NSAIAs的副作用有剂量依赖性,在许多情况下,给患者带来如消化不良、胃十二指肠出血、胃癌溃疡、胃炎、溃疡穿孔,甚至死亡的风险,。
为了提高其药效并降低副作用对已知的NSAIAs进行修饰已有报道。然而,为了治疗远端炎症和疼痛,口服给药比在疼痛或受伤的局部给药需要NSAIA更高的血药浓度(Fishman;Robert,U.S.Pat.No.7,052,715)。
Fishman和许多其他人(Van Engelen et al.U.S.Pat.No.6,416,772;Macrideset al.U.S.Pat.No.6,346,278;Kirby et al.U.S.Pat.No.6,444,234,Pearson etal.U.S.Pat.No.6,528,040;和Botknecht et al.U.S.Pat.No.5,885,597)已经尝试通过改变配方来开发一种透皮给药体系而降低与口服给药有关的副作用并且得以局部给药以降低全身暴露。然而,通过配方很难达到这些药物的治疗有效的血药浓度。
前列腺素和前列腺素类似物有很多的生理功能和作用,因此有许多医药用途。例如,前列腺素和前列腺素类似物可用于催产或堕胎;防止患有紫绀型先天性心脏病新生儿的动脉导管未闭的堵塞;预防及治疗消化性溃疡;作为血管扩张剂治疗严重的雷诺氏现象或四肢局部缺血症或治疗肺动脉高压,而这些病症传统上是通过静脉给药、皮下给药或吸入给药的方式治疗的;治疗青光眼(例如,结构类似物如人工合成的具有降眼压活性的贝美前列素滴眼液);以及治疗勃起功能障碍或术后阴茎康复(如前列腺素E1,即前列地尔)。然而,前列腺素及前列腺素类似物很容易通过各种氧化或还原途径代谢或失活。例如,当口服用药时,在首过效应中前列腺素及前列腺素类似物在几分钟内就会被破坏和/或失活。
芥子气及芥子气相关化合物已经用于治疗各种类型的癌症及肿瘤。然而,芥子气及其相关化合物也会产生如反胃、呕吐、腹泻、食欲降低、脱发及对感染的敏感性增加等副作用。这些副作用通常呈剂量依赖性。
多肽在生物体中起着十分重要的作用。例如,多肽及其相关化合物可用于治疗肥胖、感染、疼痛及性功能障碍。然而,多肽及多肽相关化合物极易被蛋白水解酶水解。多肽及多肽相关化合物口服后,几分钟内就会分解。多肽及多肽相关化合物其它系统给药方式给患者带来疼痛,多数情况下治疗慢性疾病时患者需频繁就医并且花费昂贵。
β-内酰胺及其相关化合物是广泛使用的抗生素。抗生素口服用药时存在胃肠道吸收差的缺点。静脉注射、皮下注射、肌肉注射不仅给患者带来疼痛,而且必须由受过培训的专业人员用药,并且可能引起其它风险,如针头扎伤、感染和其它损伤。随着抗菌药的广泛应用,随着时间的过去由于病原体的变异,耐药性问题成为一个常见和严重的问题。
因此,需要开发一种新型组合物,能够被快速有效地运输到症状(如某种疾病)的作用部位来预防、减少或治疗生物体症状并具有最小的副作用。此外,由于组合物或医药组合物能有效地穿过曾经很难穿透的生物屏障,可能发现新的适应症。
发明内容
综述
本发明的一个方面涉及一个含有一个通过链接单元将功能单元共价链接到传输单元的高穿透力组合物。
在某些实施方式中,母药的高穿透性组合物含有一个功能单元,该功能单元包含一个作用剂的一部分,该作用剂被期望运输到生物体内和/或穿透一层或多层生物屏障。该作用剂中含有母药或其相关化合物。母药相关化合物是指母药的代谢物、模拟物/类似物,或代谢物为母药或母药的代谢物、模拟物/类似物的化合物。
在某些例子中,母药或母药相关化合物包含至少一个官能团,如羧基、羟基、硫醇基、氨基、磷酸基/膦酸基、羰基或胍基。在某些例子中,母药或母药化合物包含不止一个官能团。在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物的母药为非甾体类消炎药(NSAIA)。在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物的母药为类固醇,如孕酮、去氧孕烯和炔雌醇。在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物的母药为多肽。在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物的母药为芥子气类。在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物的母药为β-内酰胺类抗生素。在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物的母药为抗糖尿病药,如格列波脲。在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物的母药为阿替洛尔。
在某些例子中,功能单元可以是亲水性、亲脂性、或两亲性的(亲水和亲脂)。功能单元的亲脂性可以是本身自带或通过将亲水性基团转换成亲脂性得到。例如,通过传统的有机合成将功能单元的一个或多个亲水性基团转换为亲脂性基团得到功能单元的亲脂基团。亲水性基团包括但,不限于:羧基、羟基、硫醇基、氨基、磷酸基/膦酸基和羰基。通过修饰亲水性基团得到亲脂性官能团包括,但不限于:醚类、硫醚类、酯类、硫酯类、碳酸酯类、氨基甲酸酯类、酰胺类、磷酸酯类和肟类。
非甾体抗炎药包括但不限于:阿司匹林、二氟尼柳、双水杨酸酯、水杨酸、布洛芬、酮洛芬、非诺洛芬、萘普生、舒洛芬、对乙酰氨基酚、吲哚美辛、氟洛芬、卡洛芬、普拉洛芬、苯噁洛芬、阿明洛芬、噻洛芬酸、吡洛芬、扎托布洛芬、柏莫洛芬、洛索洛芬、吲哚洛芬、苯克洛酸、奥沙普秦、芬布芬、奥帕诺辛、酮咯酸、环氯茚酸、托美丁、佐美酸、依托度酸、氨芬酸、溴芬钠酸、阿氯酚酸、芬氯酸、阿西美辛、芬替酸、茚新甲、舒林酸、氯那唑酸、苄达酸、6-甲氧基-2-萘乙酸、双氯芬酸、甲酚那酸、甲氯酚那酸、氟灭酸、氟尼酸、氟尼辛、吡罗昔康、舒多昔康、氯诺昔康(CAS70374-39-9)、替诺昔康、安吡昔康、氯诺昔康(CAS 70374-27-5)、伊索昔康、辛诺昔康和美洛昔康。
前列腺素及前列腺素类似物包括但不限于:前列腺素A1、前列腺素A2、前列腺素A3、前列腺素B1、前列腺素B2、前列腺素B3、前列腺素D1、前列腺素D2、前列腺素D3、前列腺素E1、前列腺素E2、前列腺素E3、前列腺素F1α、前列腺素F1β、前列腺素F2α、前列腺素F2β、前列腺素F3α、前列腺素G2、前列腺素H1、前列腺素H2、前列腺素I2(前列环素)、前列腺素I3、前列腺素J2、前列腺素K1、前列腺素K2、卡前列、前列烯、米索前列醇、吉美前列素、硫前列酮、氟前列醇、氯前列醇、比马前列素{(Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-二羟-2-[1E,3S]-3-羟-5-苯基-1-戊烯基]环戊基}-5-N-乙基庚烯酰胺}、拉坦前列腺素(13,14-二氢-17-苯基-18,19,20-三去甲前列腺素F2α异丙酯)、曲伏前列素{(Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-二羟基-2-[(1E,3R)-3-羟基-4-[(α,α,α-三氟间甲苯)氧基]-1-丁烯基]环戊基]-5-庚烯酸}{(Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(1E,3R)-3-hydroxy-4-[(α,α,α-trifuolo-m-tolyl)oxy]-1-butenyl]cyclopentyl]-5-heptenoate},和乌诺前列酮(13,14-二羟基-15-酮基-20-乙基前列腺素F2α)。
芥子气类包括,但不限于:氮芥子气、硝基氮芥子气、磷酰胺氮芥、异磷酰胺氮芥和醛基磷酰胺氮芥。
多肽包括但不限于:多肽激素(如促甲状腺释放激素、促吞噬肽(苏氨酸-赖氨酸-脯氨酸-精氨酸)(Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg)、蛋氨酸-脑啡肽(酪氨酸-甘氨酸-甘氨酸-苯丙氨酸-蛋氨酸)(Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met)、催产素、血管紧张素、胃泌素、生长抑素、强啡肽、内皮素、分泌素,降钙素及胰岛素),抑肠肽(如缬氨酸-脯氨酸-天冬氨酸-脯氨酸-精氨酸Val-Pro-Asp-Pro-Arg(VPDPR)、缬氨酸-脯氨酸-甘氨酸-脯氨酸-精氨酸Val-Pro-Gly-Pro-Arg(VPGPR)和丙氨酸-脯氨酸-甘氨酸-脯氨酸-精氨酸Ala-Pro-Gly-Pro-Arg(APGPR)),黑皮质激素II(环(1,6)-乙酰基-正亮氨酸-天冬氨酸-组氨酸-苯丙氨酸-精氨酸-色氨酸-赖氨酸cyclo(1,6)-Ac-Nle-Asp-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys-OH),类鸦片肽(如蛋氨酸-脑啡肽(酪氨酸-甘氨酸-甘氨酸-苯丙氨酸-蛋氨酸H-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-OH)、亮氨酸-脑啡肽(酪氨酸-甘氨酸-甘氨酸-苯丙氨酸-亮氨酸H-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-OH)、酪氨酸-D-丙氨酸-甘氨酸-N-甲基-苯丙氨酸-蛋(氧)氨醇H-Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-N-Me-Phe-Met(O)-OL及酪氨酸-D-丙氨酸-甘氨酸-苯丙氨酸-亮氨酸H-Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu-OH),抗微生物肽(如鲎肽素、人富组肽及其衍生物),钙结合肽,受态刺激肽,多肽疫苗及多肽类似物(如α-螺旋模拟物及β-折叠模拟物)。
β-内酰胺类抗生素的例子包括但不限于:青霉素衍生物、先锋霉素族抗菌素、青霉烯类、单菌霉素、碳青霉烯类、β-内酰胺酶抑制剂及上述物质的混合物。青霉素衍生物的例子包括,但不限于:氨基青霉素(如阿莫西林、氨苄青霉素及依比青霉素),羧基青霉素(如羧苄青霉素、α-替卡西林及替莫西林),脲基青霉素(如阿洛西林、哌拉西林及美洛西林),亚甲胺青霉素,磺苄西林,苄星青霉素,青霉素G(苯甲基青霉素),青霉素V(苯氧甲基青霉素),青霉素O(丙烯硫甲基青霉素),普鲁卡因青霉素,苯唑西林,甲氧苯青霉素,萘夫西林,邻氯青霉素,双氯青霉素,氟氯西林,匹氨青霉素,海他西林,巴卡西林,美坦西林,酞氨西林,阿莫克拉(阿莫西林-克拉维酸)及哌拉西林。头孢菌素类的例子包括,但不限于:头孢氨苄、头孢菌素、头孢唑啉、头孢克罗、头孢呋辛、头孢孟多、头孢替坦、头孢西丁、头孢雷特、头孢曲松、头孢噻肟、头孢泊肟、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、头孢哌酮、头孢唑肟、头孢克肟和头孢匹罗。青霉烯类的例子包括但不限于法罗培南。单内酰环类的例子包括但不限于氨曲南及替吉莫南。碳青霉烯类的例子包括,但不限于比阿培南、多利培南、厄他培南、亚胺培南、美洛培南和帕尼培南。β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的例子包括但不限于:他唑巴坦([2S-(2α,3β,5α)]-3-甲基-7-酮-3-(1H-1,2,3-三氮唑-1-基甲基)-4-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-2-羧酸钠4,4-二氧化物)、舒巴克坦((2S,5R)-3,3-二甲基-7-酮-4-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-2-羧酸钠-4,4-二氧化物)及克拉维酸((2R,5R,Z)-3-(2-羟基亚乙基)-7-酮-4-氧杂-1-氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-2-羧酸)。其它抗生素的例子包括,但不限于:[(N-苄氧羰基氨基)甲基]-膦酸-单-(4-硝基苯基)酯钠盐、[(N-苄氧羰基氨基)甲基]-膦酸-单-(3-吡啶基)酯钠盐、磺胺(4-氨基苯磺酰胺)、柳氮磺胺吡啶(6-酮-3-(2-[4-(N-吡啶-2-基氨磺酰基)苯基]亚肼)环己基-1,4-二烯羧酸)、1-环丙基-6-氟-4-酮-7-哌嗪-1-基-喹啉-3-羧酸、萘啶酸(1-乙基-7-甲基-4-酮-[1,8]萘啶-3-羧酸)。
在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物的传输单元包含一个可以质子化的氨基,氨基便于传输或促进高穿透性组合物穿过一层或多层生物屏障(如比母药快了>约10倍、>约50倍、>约100倍、>约300倍、>约500倍、>约1,000倍、>约10,000倍)。在某些例子中,可质子化的氨基在高穿透性组合物穿过的生物屏障的pH条件下大部分被质子化。在某些例子中,氨基可以可逆地质子化。
在某些例子中,共价连接功能单元和传输单元的高穿透性组合物链接单元包含一个在高穿透性组合物穿过一层或多层生物屏障后能够裂解的键。可以裂解的键包括,例如,共价键、醚键、硫醚键、酰胺键、酯键、硫酯键、碳酸酯键、氨基甲酸酯、磷酸酯键或肟键。
在此披露的另一个方面涉及含有一种高穿透性组合物和制药学允许的载体的医药组合物。
在此披露的另一方面涉及在此披露的化合物在穿过生物屏障,如皮肤、血-脑屏障、血-奶屏障、血-脑脊液(CSF)屏障和血-关节液(SF)屏障上的应用。
在此披露的另一方面涉及使用在此披露中的高穿透性组合物来诊断生物体中病症的产生、进展或缓解。在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物或组合物的高穿透力性组合物的功能单元是可测定的。在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物或高穿透性组合物的功能单元是固有被标记的、或者被可测试剂标记或连接到可测试剂上。
在此披露的另一方面涉及筛选具有期望性质的受试功能单元、受试链接单元或受试传输单元的方法。
在此披露的另一方面涉及通过对生物体给药在此披露的组合物来治疗病症的方法。在某些例子中,方法涉及通过对受试者给药治疗有效剂量的母药的高穿透性组合物,或者其医药组合物来在受试者上治疗该母药可治疗的疾病。在某些例子中,给受试者施用高穿透性组合物或其医药组合物通过多种途径,包括但不限于:口服给药、肠内给药、口腔给药、鼻腔给药、局部给药、直肠给药、阴道给药、吸入给药、透粘膜给药、表皮给药、透皮给药、皮肤给药、眼部给药、肺部给药、皮下给药和/或非消化道给药。在某些实施方式中,高穿透性组合物或其医药组合物通过口服给药、透皮给药、局部给药、皮下给药和/或非肠道给药的途径施用。
在某些例子中,在此所披露的母药的高穿透性组合物或其医药组合物可治疗的病症包括,由于母药穿透能力差难以到达作用部位的病症。这些病症包括但不限于:脊髓损伤、髓鞘感染及相关病症(例如,肌肉疾病如肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS)、眼咽肌营养不良症(OPMD)、强直性肌营养不良(MD)、迪谢内肌营养不良(DMD)、多肌炎(PM)、皮肌炎(DM)及包涵体肌炎(IBM))。在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物可治疗的疾病包括自身免疫疾病(如牛皮癣,克罗恩病,红斑狼疮,盘状红斑狼疮,系统性红斑狼疮,多发性硬化症,纤维化(如囊肿性纤维化、肝纤维化、肺部纤维化、胰腺纤维化、脾纤维化、胃肠纤维化及其他器官纤维化)),代谢性疾病(如II型糖尿病,血脂异常),血栓形成相关疾病(如中风),神经变性疾病(如阿尔茨海默病及帕金森氏病),肝硬化,肝炎,甲亢,胆结石,老化,非理想性皮肤疾病(如白癜风,光化性角化病,血管异常性皮肤病变,胎记,痣,皮垂,老年斑(褐黄斑),脓疮或红肿,粉刺,丘疹,脓疱,结节,表皮样囊肿,毛周角化病,皮肤下垂,皱纹,鱼尾纹,肉色皮肤斑点,酒渣鼻,治疗后皮肤),黄斑变性及老年性黄斑变性(AMD),咳嗽,器官移植排斥反应,癌症和肿瘤(如胃癌,多发性骨髓癌,脑肿瘤,前列腺癌及骨癌),灰和/或白发,脱发,粗大症,头发或睫毛稀少症,妇女妊娠,胚胎着床,脑外伤,以及病毒,真菌或昆虫感染有关的植物病症。
在某些例子中,NSAIA的高穿透性组合物或其医药组合物可治疗的病症包括但不限于:髓鞘感染及相关疾病,肝硬化,肝炎,甲亢,胆结石,老化,非理想性皮肤疾病(如光化性角化病、异常性脉管皮肤病变、胎记、痣、皮垂、老年斑(褐黄斑)、脓疮或红肿、粉刺、丘疹、脓包、节结、表皮样囊肿、毛周角化病、皮肤下垂、皱纹、鱼尾纹、肉色皮肤斑点、酒渣鼻、治疗后皮肤),咳嗽,器官移植排异反应,癌症和肿瘤(如前列腺癌及骨癌),灰和/或白发,脱发,粗大症,老化,以及病毒、真菌或昆虫感染有关的植物病症。
不考虑任何特殊机制的限制,与在此披露的优势一致,高穿透性组合物的治疗有效剂量施用在病兆的局部位置,使用较小剂量即可在病症部位达到较高的局部浓度。优势包括,比如,避免全身给药和减少副作用(如注射疼痛、肠胃道/肾功能的影响,和其它副作用),由于高穿透性组合物或相应母药或活性代谢物的高的局部浓度而产生可能的新疗效。高穿透性组合物穿过皮肤、血-脑屏障、血-奶屏障和其它膜屏障的速度比母药快了许多倍,并且疗效也增强了许多倍。在此还进一步披露,例如,通过向给受试者系统施用高穿透性组合物来到达更快和更高的生物利用度,渗透母体试剂不能有效穿过的生物屏障(如血脑屏障),和新的适应症。
附图说明
图1:功能单元F1的示范结构式。
图2:功能单元F2的示范结构式。
图3:功能单元F3的示范结构式。
图4:功能单元F4的示范结构式。
图5:含有功能单元F1,F2及F4的高穿透性组合物的示范结构式。
图6:高穿透性组合物的示范结构式。
图7:传输单元T的示范结构式。
图8:二乙基氨基乙基-N-乙酰-3-(3,4-二乙酰氧基-苯基-L-丙氨酸酯·盐酸盐(A),二乙基氨基丙基-N-乙酰-D-3,5,3′,5′-四碘甲腺原氨酸·盐酸盐(B),1-哌啶乙基-2-[4-(4-氯苯甲酰基)苯氧基]-2-甲基丙酸酯·盐酸盐(C),3-哌啶甲基-5-(2,5-二甲基苯氧基)-2,2-二甲基戊酸酯·盐酸盐(D),二乙基氨基乙基-(S)-3-(苯甲酰基氨甲基)-5-甲基己酸酯·盐酸盐(E),N-乙酰-3-(3,4-二乙酰氧基-苯基-L-丙氨酸钠盐(F),N-乙酰-D-3,5,3′,5′-四碘甲腺原氨酸钠盐(G),2-[4-(4-氯苯甲酰基)苯氧基]-2-甲基-丙酸钠盐(H),5-(2,5-二甲基苯氧基)-2,2-二甲基戊酸钠盐(I)及(S)-3-(苯甲酰基氨甲基)-5-甲基己酸钠盐(J)穿过Franz池人体皮肤组织的累积量(n=5)。在每个试验中,介质是纯水。
图9:30mg高穿透性组合物N-2-二乙基氨基乙基-5-二甲氨基-1-萘磺酰胺·盐酸盐溶于0.5ml 75%的乙醇溶液后将溶液涂抹到大鼠背部后,15分钟取HE染色组织(1:脑,2:肌肉,3:肝);30mg高穿透性组合物N-2-二乙基氨基乙基-5-二甲氨基-1-萘磺酰胺·盐酸盐溶解到0.5ml 75%的乙醇溶液涂抹到大鼠背部后,取3小时HE染色组织(4:脑,5:肌肉,6:肝);30mg 5-(二甲氨基)-1-萘磺酸溶解到0.5ml 75%的乙醇溶液涂抹到大鼠背部后,3小时取HE受染组织(7:脑,8:肌肉,9:肝)。
图10:注射角叉菜胶后肿胀率(%)。注射角叉胶前1小时,口服100mg/kg的布洛芬(B),100mg/kg(G)和50mg/kg(H)的二乙基氨基乙基-2-(ρ-异丁基苯基)丙酸酯·枸橼酸盐,透皮给药1mg/kg(C),2mg/kg,5mg/kg(D),10mg/kg(E)及20mg/kg(F)的二乙基氨基乙基-2-(ρ-异丁基苯基)丙酸酯·枸橼酸盐。A是对照组。
本发明的详细说明书
I.母药的高穿透性组合物(HPC)的结构
能够穿过一层或多层生物屏障的高穿透性组合物已在之前的发明中进行了披露,在此披露中把这些发明作为参考文引入:国际申请号:PCT/IB2006/052732,PCT/IB2006/052318,PCT/IB2006/052461,PCT/IB2006/052815,PCT/IB2006/052563,PCT/IB2006/052575,PCT/IB2006/053091,PCT/IB2006/053090,PCT/IB2006/053594,PCT/IB2006/052549,PCT/IB2006/053619,PCT/IB2006/054170,PCT/IB2006/054724,PCT/IB2006/053741,PCT/IB2007/050122,PCT/IB2007/050322,PCT/IB2007/052090。
在此披露的一个方面涉及高穿透性组合物(HPC)。术语“高穿透性组合物”或“HPC”在此披露中是指一个通过链接单元将一个传输单元共价链接到的功能单元的组合物。术语“母药的高穿透性组合物”或“母药的HPC”或“一个母药的HPC”在此披露中是指高穿透性组合物中的功能单元是母药或母药相关化合物的一部分。术语“母药相关化合物”在此披露中是指一种含有母药的一部分或一种母药的代谢物/模拟物/类似物,或一种能够代谢为母药或一种母药的代谢物/模拟物/类似物的化合物。在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物的母药含有至少一个官能团,如羧基、羟基、硫醇基、氨基、磷酸基/膦酸基、羰基或胍基。在某些例子中,母药或母药相关化合物含有不止一个官能团。在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物的母药是非甾体类消炎药(NSAIA),高穿透性组合物是一个非甾体抗炎药(NSAIA)的高穿透性组合物。在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物的母药为多肽,则该高穿透性组合物为多肽的高穿透性组合物。在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物的母药是芥子气类,则该高穿透性组合物即为芥子气类的高穿透性组合物。在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物的母药为β-内酰胺类抗生素,则该高穿透性组合物为β-内酰胺类抗生素高穿透性组合物。在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物的母药为格列波脲,则该高穿透性组合物为格列波脲的高穿透性组合物。在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物的母药为甾体化合物,如孕酮、去氧孕烯和炔雌醇,则该高穿透性组合物为如孕酮高穿透性组合物、去氧孕烯高穿透性组合物和炔雌醇高穿透性组合物。在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物的母药为阿替洛尔,则高穿透性组合物为阿替洛尔高穿透性组合物。
母药的高穿透性组合物的功能单元具有以下特点:1)输送母药、母药相关化合物或高穿透性组合物进入生物体和/或传送母药/母药相关化合物穿过需要透过的生物屏障是所期望的,2)高穿透性组合物能够渗入或穿过一层或多层生物屏障,以及3)高穿透性组合物能,但是可以或可以不需要分解为了功能单元转变成母药或母药相关化合物,。
在某些例子中,功能单元可以是亲水性、亲脂性、或两亲(亲水和亲脂)。功能单元的亲脂性可以是本身固有的或通过将亲水性基团转换成亲脂性而得到。例如,功能单元的亲脂性通过传统的有机合成将功能单元的一个或多个亲水基团转化为亲脂部分。亲水基团的例子包含,但不限于:羧基、羟基、硫醇基、氨基、磷酸基/瞵酸基、羰基和胍基。通过修饰亲水性基团得到的亲脂性官能团,包括但不限于:醚类、硫醚类、酯类、硫酯类、碳酸酯类、氨基甲酸酯类、酰胺类、磷酸酯类和含有一个亲脂性基团如:烷基、烷氧基、烯基、全氟烷基、卤代烷基、炔基、芳基或杂芳基的肟类。
在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物的母药有一个羧基或一个磷酸基/膦酸基。含有羧基的母药的例子包括,但不限于:美沙雌酸、氨基水杨酸、美沙雌酸、氨基水杨酸、巴氯芬、卡别多巴、左旋多巴、氨基苯甲酸、布美他尼、卡托普利[1-[(2S)-3-巯基-2-甲基丙酰基]-L-脯氨酸]、西司他丁[(Z)-7-[[(R)-2-氨基-2-羧乙基]硫代]-2-[(S)-2,2-二甲基环丙甲酰胺基]-2-庚酸]、左甲状腺素[D-3,5,3′,5′-四碘甲腺原氨酸]、两性霉素B、依曲替酯、依氟鸟氨酸、10-十一烯酸、西诺沙星、氯卓酸、环丙氟啶酸[1-环丙基-6-氟-1,4-二氢-4-酮-7-(1-哌嗪基)-3-喹啉酸]、色甘酸钠、去氢胆酸、依那普利[(S)-1-[N-(1-羧基-3-苯丙基)-L-丙胺酰]-L-脯氨酸]、依诺沙星、利尿酸、利尿磺胺、吉非罗奇、十八烯酸、2-[4-(4-氯苯甲酰基)-苯氧基]-2-甲基-丙酸(非诺贝特酸)、7-[(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-1-(2S)-2-甲基丁酰氧基-3,7-二甲基-1,2,3,7,8,8a-六氢萘-1-基][(3R,5R)-3,4-二羟基庚酸]、加巴喷丁、福辛普利、普伐他汀、阿加曲班、7-茶碱乙酸、碘番酸、碘塞罗宁、碘酞酸、洛度酰胺[N,N′-(2-氯-5-氰基-m-亚苯基)二草酸]、丙磺舒、赖诺普利[(S)-1-[N-(1-羧基-3-苯丙基)-L-赖氨酰]-L-脯氨酸]、甲氨蝶呤、乙酰基氨基丙烷磺酸盐、奈多罗米、硫代水杨酸、喹那普利、雷米普利、氟哌酸、碘克酸、柳氮磺胺吡啶、帕伐他丁、丙戊酸、奥美沙坦、安贝生坦(letairis)、达卢生坦、壬二酸(杜鹃花酸)、熊去氧胆酸、氧氟沙星、TAK-044{环[D-门冬氨酰-3-[(4-苯基哌嗪-1-基)羰基]-L-丙胺基-L-门冬氨酰-D-2-(2-噻吩基)氨基乙酰基-L-亮氨酰-D-色氨酰]}、BQ123{环[D-色氨酸-D-天冬氨酸-脯氨酸-D-缬氨酸-亮氨酸]}{cyclo[D-Trp-D-Asp-Pro-D-Val-Leu]}、阿伐他汀(立普妥)、氟替卡松糠、鲁比前列素(鲁比前列酮)、普加巴林(Lyrica)、培美曲塞(力比泰)、曲前列环素、罗苏伐他汀(冠脂妥)、甲基多巴、缬沙坦、替米沙坦、(E)-5-[[-4-(2-羧乙基)氨甲酰]苯基]氮杂]-2-羟基苯甲酸、依普罗沙坦、依普罗沙坦、氟伐他汀(来适可)、(E)-5-[-4-(2-羧基)氨甲酰]苯基]氮杂]-2-羟基苯甲酸、天门冬酰胺-丙氨酸-脯氨酸-缬氨酸-色氨酸-异亮氨酸-脯氨酸-谷氨酰胺(Asn-Ala-Pro-Val-Ser-Ile-Pro-Gln)、2-萘乙酸、舒洛芬、3-(2-噻吩基羰基)-苯乙酸、依布洛芬、氟比洛芬、阿司匹林、卡洛芬、普拉洛芬、阿明洛芬、苯惡洛芬、吲哚洛芬、己洛芬、10,11-二氢-10-酮-二苯并[b,f]硫杂卓-2-羧酸、[4-(2-酮环-戊基)-甲基]苯甲酸、[5-苯基-(2-噻吩)]-羧酸、(3-苯氧基苯基)乙酸、4-(4-氯苯基)-2-苯基-5-噻唑乙酸、4-(2,5-二氢吡咯-1-基)-苯乙酸、4,5-联苯-2-噁唑丙酸、[4-2-酮环戊烷)-甲基]苯乙酸、10,11-二氢-10-酮-二苯并[b,f]硫杂卓-2-羧酸、5-环己基-2,3-二氢-1H茚基-1-羧酸、5-苯基-2-呋喃丙酸、γ-酮-(1,1′-联苯)-4-丁酸、5-苯甲酰-2,3-二氢-1H-吡咯羧酸、苯亚甲基-1H-茚-3-乙酸、1-苯甲酰-5-甲氧基-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-乙酸、4-苯甲酰-1H-吡咯-2-乙酸、1,3,4,9-四氢吡喃-[3,4-b]吲哚-1-乙酸、3-苯氨基-苯乙酸、2-苯氨基-苯乙酸、3-(4-氯苯基)-1-苯基-1H-吡唑-4-乙酸、4-(2-丙烯氧基)苯乙酸、2-苯基-5-噻唑-乙酸、4-(6-甲氧基-2-萘基-3-丙酸、乙酰水杨酸、3-苯基苯甲酸、二聚水杨酸酯、[(1-苄基-1H-吲唑-3-基)氧]乙酸、三聚水杨酸酯、柳氮磺胺吡啶、2-苯氨基吡啶-3-羧酸、艾曲波帕(eltrombopag)、孟鲁司特、苯达莫司汀(达莫司汀)、前列腺素E2、前列腺素F2α、卡前列腺素(15-甲基前列腺素F2α)、前列腺素D2、前列腺素E1(前列地尔)、前列腺素F1α、(Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-二羟基-2-[(E,3S)-3-羟基-5-苯基-1-戊烯基]环戊基]-5-庚烯酸、(E)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-二羟基-2-[(3R)-3-羟基-5-苯基戊基]环戊基]-5-庚烯酸、前列腺素GI2(环前列腺素)、(Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-二羟基-2-[(E,3R)-3-羟基-4-[3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]丁-1-烯基]环戊基]-5-庚烯酸、(E)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-二羟基-2-(-3-酮癸)环戊基]5-庚烯酸、米索前列醇、吉美前列素、7-[3-羟基-2-3(3-羟基-4-苯氧基-1-丁烯基)-5-酮环戊基]-5-庚烯酸、芬前列林、前列腺素A1、前列腺素A2、前列腺素B1、前列腺素A2、视黄酸、蓓萨罗丁、9-顺式维甲酸(阿利维A酸)、视黄酸类似物、13-顺式视黄酸(异维A酸)、蓓萨罗丁类似物、蓓萨罗丁类似物、青霉素G、苯氧基甲基青霉素、甲氧苯青霉素、苯唑西林、哌拉西林、美洛西林、羧苄青霉素、α-替卡西林、氨苄西林、甲亚胺青霉素、头孢菌素、头孢吡硫、头孢唑啉、头孢羟氨苄、头孢拉定、头孢尼西、头孢孟多、头孢呋辛、头孢西丁、头孢雷特、头孢替坦、头孢呋肟、氯碳头孢、头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、头孢哌酮、拉氧头孢、LIVALO(匹伐他汀)、Tyvaso(曲前列素)、Folotyn(普拉曲沙)、达菲(奥司他韦)、贝前列素。
在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物的母药含有结构式P-F1所表示的结构:
F1-OH (结构式P-F1)
及其立体异构体和盐。
术语“F1”或“F1”用在此披露中包括从结构式F-1、结构式F-2、结构式F-3、结构式F-4、结构式F-5、结构式F-6、结构式F-7、结构式F-8、结构式F-9、结构式F-10、结构式F-11、结构式F-12、结构式F-13、结构式F-14、结构式F-15、结构式F-16、结构式F-17、结构式F-18、结构式F-19、结构式F-20、结构式F-21、结构式F-22、结构式F-23、结构式F-24、结构式F-25、结构式F-26、结构式F-27、结构式F-28、结构式F-29、结构式F-30、结构式F-31、结构式F-32、结构式F-33、结构式F-34、结构式F-35、结构式F-36、结构式F-37、结构式F-38、结构式F-39、结构式F-40、结构式F-41、结构式F-42、结构式F-43、结构式F-44、结构式F-45、结构式F-46、结构式F-47、结构式F-48、结构式F-49、结构式F-50、结构式F-51、结构式F-52、结构式F-53、结构式F-54、结构式F-55、结构式F-56、结构式F-57、结构式F-58、结构式F-59、结构式F-60、结构式F-61、结构式F-62、结构式F-63、结构式F-64、结构式F-65、结构式F-66、结构式F-67、结构式F-68、结构式F-69、结构式F-70、结构式F-71、结构式F-72、结构式F-73、结构式F-74、结构式F-75、结构式F-76、结构式F-77、结构式F-78、结构式F-79、结构式F-80、结构式F-81、结构式F-82、结构式F-83、结构式F-84、结构式F-85、结构式F-86、结构式F-87、结构式F-88、结构式F-89、结构式F-90、结构式F-91、结构式F-92、结构式F-93、结构式F-94、结构式F-95、结构式F-96、结构式F-97、结构式F-98、结构式F-99、结构式F-100、结构式F-101、结构式F-102、结构式F-103、结构式F-104、结构式F-105、结构式F-106、结构式F-107、结构式F-108、结构式F-109、结构式F-110、结构式F-111、结构式F-112、结构式F-113、结构式F-114、结构式F-115、结构式F-116、结构式F-117、结构式F-118、结构式F-119、结构式F-120、结构式F-121、结构式F-122、结构式F-123、结构式F-124、结构式F-125、结构式F-126、结构式F-127、结构式F-128、结构式F-129、结构式F-130、结构式F-131、结构式F-132、结构式F-133、结构式F-134、结构式F-135、结构式F-136、结构式F-137、结构式F-138、结构式F-139、结构式F-140、结构式F-141、结构式F-142、结构式F-143、结构式F-144、结构式F-145、结构式F-146、结构式F-147、结构式F-148、结构式F-149、结构式F-150、结构式F-151、结构式F-152、结构式F-153、结构式F-154、结构式F-155、结构式F-156、结构式F-157、结构式F-158、结构式F-159、结构式F-160、结构式F-161、结构式F-162、结构式F-163、结构式F-164、结构式F-165、结构式F-166、结构式F-167、结构式F-168、结构式F-169、结构式F-170、结构式F-171、结构式F-172、结构式F-173、结构式F-174、结构式F-175、结构式F-176、结构式F-177、结构式F-178、结构式F-179、结构式F-180、结构式F-181、结构式F-182、结构式F-183、结构式F-184、结构式F-185、结构式F-186、结构式F-187、结构式F-188、结构式F-189、结构式F-190、结构式F-191、结构式F-192、结构式F-193、结构式F-194、结构式F-195、结构式F-196、结构式F-197、结构式F-198、结构式F-199、结构式F-200、结构式F-201、结构式F-202、结构式F-203、结构式F-204、结构式F-205、结构式F-206、结构式F-207、结构式F-208、结构式F-209、结构式F-210、结构式F-211、结构式F-212、结构式F-213、结构式F-214、结构式F-215、结构式F-216、结构式F-217、结构式F-218、结构式F-219(图1)中选择,以及其立体异构体和盐。
除非另有说明,在此披露中:
每个Y和Y1-Y14分别独立选自H、Cl、F、Br、I、CN、R10、CH3C≡C、CR6≡C、P(O)OR6、CF3、CF3O、CH3、CF3CF2、R5、R6、R7、R8、CF3CF2O、CH3CH2、CH3CH2CH2、(CH3)2CH、(CH3)2CHCH2、CH3CH2CH(CH3)、(CH3)3C、C4H9、C5H11、CH3CO、CH3CH2CO、R5CO、CH3OC(=O)、CH3CH2OC(=O)、R5OC(=O)、R6C(=NOR5)、R6C(=NR5)、CH3COO、R5COO、R5COOCH2、R6NHCOOCH2、CH3COS、CH3O、R5O、HO、R10O、CF3CH2SCH2、CHCl2、CH2COOR6、CH3S、R5S、HS、R10S、CH3OCH2CH2、R5OCH2、R10OCH2CH2、R5O(C-O)、C2H5OCONH、CH2NHR8、CH3OCONH、CH3SO2、CH3SO、R5SO2、R5SO、NH2SO2、C6H5CH2、NH2、NHR10、环丁基、环丙基、4-氯苯基、4-氟苯基、CH2=CH、CH2=CHCH2、CH3CH=CH、NHR5SO2、N(R5)2SO2、R5OCH2CH2CH2和NO2;
每个X,X1-X6分别独立选自H、CH3、R5、CH2、CHR6、S、O、NR6、CO、CH、CR6、P(O)OR6、N、CH2=C、CH=CH、C≡C、CONH、CSNH、COO、OCO、COS、COCH2,和CH2CO;
每个R1和R2分别独立选自无、H、取代和未取代的烷基、取代和未取代的环烷基、取代和未取代的杂环烷基、取代和未取代的芳基、取代和未取代的杂芳基、取代和未取代的烷氧基、取代和未取代的烷硫基、取代和未取代的烷氨基、取代和未取代的全氟烷基、以及取代和未取代的卤代烷基,其中任意碳原子或氢原子可以分别独立被O、S、P、NR6或者其它任意制药学允许的基团进一步代替;
每个R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8和R9分别独立选自H、OH、Cl、F、Br、I、取代和未取代的烷基、取代和未取代的环烷基、取代和未取代的杂环烷基、取代和未取代的芳基、取代和未取代的杂芳基、取代和未取代的烷氧基、取代和未取代的烷硫基、取代和未取代的烷氨基、取代和未取代的全氟烷基,以及取代和未取代的卤代烷基,其中任意碳原子或氢原子可以分别独立被O、S、N、P(O)OL7、CH=CH、C≡C、CHL7、CL5L7、芳基、杂芳基或环状基团进一步代替;
每个R,R11-R16分别独立选自无、H、取代和未取代的烷基、取代和未取代的环烷基、取代和未取代的杂环烷基、取代和未取代的芳基、取代和未取代的杂芳基、取代和未取代的烷氧基、取代和未取代的烷硫基、取代和未取代的烷氨基、取代和未取代的全氟烷基以及取代和未取代的卤代烷基,其中任意碳原子或氢原子可以分别独立被O、S、N、P、NR5或其它制药学允许的基团进一步代替;
L1选自无、O、S、-N(L3)-、-N(L3)-CH2-O、-N(L3)-CH2-N(L5)-、-O-CH2-O-、-O-CH(L3)-O和-S-CH(L3)-O-;
每个L2、L8、L9,和L10分别独立选自无、-O-、-S-、-N(L3)-、-O-N(L3)-、-N(L3)-O-、-N(L3)-N(L5)-、-N(L3)-CH2-O-、-N(L3)-CH2-N(L5)-、-O-CH2-O-、-O-CH(L3)-O-、-S-CH(L3)-O-、-O-L3-、-S-L3-、-N(L3)-L5-以及L3;
L4选自无,C=O,C=S,以及每个L11,L12和L13分别独立选自无、-C(=O)-,-C(=S)-,-C(=N(L3))-,和
对于每个L1、L2、L4、L8、L9、L10、L11、L12和L13,每个L3和L5分别独立选自无、H、CH2COOL6、取代和未取代的烷基、取代和未取代的环烷基、取代和未取代的杂环烷基、取代和未取代的芳基、取代和未取代的杂芳基、取代和未取代的烷氧基、取代和未取代的烷硫基、取代和未取代的烷氨基、取代和未取代的全氟烷基以及取代和未取代的卤代烷基,其中任意碳原子或氢原子可以分别被O、S、N、P、NL3或其它制药学允许的基团进一步代替;
L6分别独立选自H、OH、Cl、F、Br、I、取代和未取代的烷基、取代和未取代的环烷基、取代和未取代的杂环烷基、取代和未取代的芳基、取代和未取代的杂芳基、取代和未取代的烷氧基、取代和未取代的烷硫基、取代和未取代的烷氨基、取代和未取代的全氟烷基以及取代和未取代的卤代烷基,其中任意碳原子或氢原子可以分别被O、S、N、P(O)OL7、CH=CH、C≡C、CHL7、CL5L7、芳基、杂芳基或环状基团进一步代替;
L7分别独立选自H、OH、Cl、F、Br、I、取代和未取代的烷基、取代和未取代的环烷基、取代和未取代的杂环烷基、取代和未取代的芳基、取代和未取代的杂芳基、取代和未取代的烷氧基、取代和未取代的烷硫基、取代和未取代的烷氨基、取代和未取代的全氟烷基以及取代和未取代的卤代烷基,其中任意碳原子或氢原子可以分别被O、S、N、P(O)OL6、CH=CH、C≡C、CHL6、CL6L5、芳基、杂芳基或环状基团进一步代替;
每个R10、R20、R21、R22、R23、R24、R25、R26、R27、R28以及R29分别独立选自无、H、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R6CO、R6NHC(=O)、R6OC(=O)、R6C(=NOR5)、R6C(=NR5)、R6C(=S)、CNR6以及R6OC(=O)(CH2)nC(=O)、R6(O=)CO(CH2)-nC(=O);
每个m和n分别独立选自0和整数,例如,m或n=0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20...;
W选自NH、NR5、O、S、CH2和NH;
Z选自H、
每个-AA-和-AA1-选自一个或多个天然或非天然的氨基酸残基或一个相关残基,其中含有的一个或多个亲水性的基团如羧基、羟基、硫醇基、氨基、磷酸基/膦酸基、羰基、或胍基集团如段落0045所述被转变成一个脂溶性的基团,-AA-的例子,包括但不限于,包含一个以下结构式的结构:
选自含有羧基侧链的氨基酸片断,其例子包括但不限于以下结构:
是一个具有一个羟基、氨基、胍基或硫醇基侧链的氨基酸片断,其例子包括但不限于以下结构:
是含有氨基侧链的氨基酸片断,其例子包括但不限于以下结构:
每个Bx-和By-分别独立选自DNA和RNA碱基,其中任何亲水性基团可以如0045段落中所描述的被转变成亲脂性基团,DNA和RNA的碱基的例子包括但不限于:腺嘌呤、鸟嘌呤、胞核嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶以及具有以下结构式的相关化合物:
每个-B1-或-B-分别独立选自具有以下结构式的腺嘌呤、鸟嘌呤、或胞核嘧啶残基:
术语“HA”或“AN”是酸。在某些实施方式中,酸是指制药学上可接受的酸。
在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物的母药包含一个官能团如氨基、羟基、酚基、硫醇基或胍基。含有氨基、羟基、酚基、硫醇基或胍基的母药的例子包括但不限于:醋羟胺酸、阿昔洛韦{2-氨基-1,9-二氢-9-[(2-羟乙氧基)甲基]6H-嘌呤-6-酮}、别嘌呤醇、腺苷(6-氨基-9-β-D-呋核亚硝脲-9-H-嘌呤)、脱氢皮质(甾)醇、泼尼松、曲安奈德、考的索(氢化可的松)、腺苷(6-氨基-9-β-D-呋核亚硝脲-9-H-嘌呤)、可的松、雌二醇、雌性素、雌三醇、16-羟雌固酮、马烯雌(甾)酮、马萘雌酮、双烯雌酚、己雌酚、己烯雌酚、苯雌酚、4-羟雄甾烯二酮、ICI 164384、氨鲁米特、ICI 182780、7-氨基苯基硫代雄-4-烯-3、17-二酮、甲地孕酮、氯化孕酮、甲基炔诺酮、炔雌烯醇、美雄酮、米非司酮、奥那司酮、达那唑、美替诺龙、司坦唑、阿米卡星(D-链霉胺)、9-氨基吖啶、氨吖啶、阿托伐醌、氯苯氨丁酸、骨化二醇、骨化三醇、苯丙醇胺、卡托普利{1-[(2S)-3-巯基-2-甲基丙酰基]-L-脯氨酸}、仲丁巴比妥、卡马西平、卡比多巴、茶碱、左旋多巴、假麻黄硷、氯霉素、二氯羟喹、氯碘羟喹、氯二甲苯酚、氯苯甘油氨酯、氯噻酮、苯丙醇胺、氯压定[2-(2,6-二氯苯胺基)-2-咪唑啉]、克拉屈滨、盐酸苯丙醇胺、氯硝西泮、阿糖胞苷[4-氨基-1-β-D-阿拉伯呋喃基-2-(1H)-嘧啶酮]、达那唑、右泛醇、愈创甘油醚、正定霉素、阿霉素、去甲氧正定霉素、右旋甲状腺素[D-3,5,3′,5′-四碘甲腺原氨酸]、地达诺新、地佐辛、多巴胺、二氢速留醇、双香豆素、屈大麻酚、二羟丙茶碱、依诺沙星、恩纳普利[(S)-1-[N-(1-羧基-3-苯丙基)-L-丙胺酰-L-脯氨酸]、双烯雌酚、卡泊三烯[(5Z,7E,22E,24S)-24-环丙基-9,10-开环胆甾-5,7,10(19),22-四烯-1α,3β,24-三醇]、钙化甾醇[9,10-secoergsta-5,7,10(19),22-四烯-3-醇,(3β,5Z,7E,22E)],左炔诺孕酮、甲基炔诺酮、炔诺酮、甲基苄肼、泛西洛维、费乐地平、肟炔诺酮、氟尿苷、疱疹净、依托泊苷、莫诺苯宗、磷酸氟达拉滨、二氢速留醇、非那司提、氟康唑、氟达拉滨、氟尿嘧啶、氟胞嘧啶、乙氯维诺、氟米龙、卤贝他索、莫米松、氟伏沙明、氟氢缩松、更昔洛韦、氟地松、去氧孕烯、乙炔雌二醇、炔雌醇、炔雌醇甲醚、去羟米松、地塞米松、庆大霉素、羟孕酮、甲孕酮、吲达胺、左多巴、甲基多巴、肼苯哒嗪、二氢氯噻、氢氟噻嗪、双碘喹啉、卡那徽素、洛弗斯塔特因、马丙考、劳拉西泮、去甲羟基安定、甲羟松、甲基苯巴比妥、甲苯喹唑酮、美他沙酮、美索巴莫、甲氯噻嗪、甲硝哒唑、巯嘌呤、甲硫咪唑、甲氨蝶呤、米利酮、南诺龙、萘唑啉、美西律、呋喃妥英、氯硝柳胺、硝苯吡啶、尼莫地平、去甲肾上腺素、新生霉素、奥美拉唑、氧雄龙、苯异妥英、潘他米丁、羟甲烯龙、奥美拉唑、氧雄龙、去甲二氢愈创木酸、扎鲁司特、Banzel(卢非酰胺),苯乙酰脲、苯乙肼、苯偶氮毗胺、苯巴比妥、硫代异恶唑、酚妥拉明、苯妥英、普达非洛、甲基苄肼、泊利噻嗪、三氯噻嗪、普里米酮、普罗布考、异丙酚、丙基硫尿嘧啶、甲基苄肼、甲基苄肼、磺胺多辛、喹乙宗、丙基硫尿嘧啶、三氮唑核甙、链脲霉素、双甲丙酰龙、斯伐他汀、卡林酰胺、司坦唑、磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺甲恶唑、硫代异恶唑、磺胺、磺胺嘧啶、柳氮磺吡啶、替马西泮、特拉唑嗪、他克林、噻苯咪唑、戊硫代巴比妥、苯甲唑啉、硫鸟嘌呤、奥美沙坦酯[(5-甲基-2-酮-1,3-二氧-4-基)甲基-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基-乙基)-2-丙基-3-[[4-[2-(2H-四唑-5-基)-苯基]-苯基]甲基]-3H-咪唑-4-甲酸酯]、替尼泊甙、托塞米、氨苯蝶啶、三氟胸苷、甲氧苄氨嘧啶、曲美沙特、乌拉莫司汀、托品酰胺、阿糖腺苷、华法林、扎西他宾、齐多呋定、氟替卡松糠酸盐、Ro 46-2005,波生坦、克拉生坦、替唑生坦、拉替拉韦{N-[(4-氟苯基)甲基]-1,6-二氢-5-羟基-1-甲基-2-[1-甲基-1[[(5-甲基-1,3,4-恶二唑-2-基)羰基]氨基]乙基]-6-酮-4-嘧啶甲酰胺}、阿利吉仑(2S,4S,5S,7R)-5-氨基-N-(2-氨基甲酰基-2-甲基-丙基)-4-羟基-7-{[4-甲氧基-3-(甲氧基丙氧基)-苯基]甲基}-8-甲基-2-丙基-2-基-壬酰胺、依非韦伦、右旋安非他命、非那司提、阿莫达非尼、阿尼芬净、地瑞纳韦、替拉那韦、安泼那韦、贝卡那韦、替比夫定、来那度胺、擦里多米德、恩替卡韦、考尼伐坦、索拉非尼(多吉美)、恩替卡韦(博路定)、氮杂胞嘧啶(维达扎)、培美曲塞(阿灵达)、雷美替胺、依泽替米贝、克罗拉滨(氯法拉滨)、奈拉滨、埃罗替尼(得舒缓)、他达拉非(希爱力)、安泼那韦、阿扎那韦(瑞塔滋)、依泽替米贝、对乙酰氨基酚、格列波脲、依曲韦林、阿巴卡韦(Ziagen)、N-[1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5-甲基四氢呋喃-2-基]-5-氟-2-酮嘧啶-4-基]胺、替诺福韦、伏立康唑、双氢氯噻嗪、唑来膦酸、褪黑激素、3-氨基丙烷磺酸、氟维司群、伏立康唑、白藜芦醇、洛伐它丁、替诺福韦酯、替诺福韦、辛伐他汀、戊烷基N-[1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5-甲基四氢呋喃-2-基]-5-氟-2-酮嘧啶-4-基]氨基甲酸酯((卡培他滨)、钙化醇(维生素D2)、胆钙化醇(维生素D3)、1,25-二羟胆钙化醇、拉米夫定、度骨化醇(1α-羟基维生素D2)、二氢速留醇(维生素D4)、洛匹那韦、3-[4-(4-氯苯基)环己基]-4-羟基萘-1,2-二酮、西多福韦、利托那韦、恩他卡朋、他达拉非(希爱力)、非那司提、齐留通、退黑激素、特敏福(奥司他韦)、帕立骨化醇、甲硝哒唑、二氟尼柳、阿司匹林、昔康、吉鲁威尔(西他列汀)、恩曲他滨5-氟-1-(2R,5S)-[2-羟甲基-1,3-氧硫环-5-基]胞嘧啶、异丙酚、维生素A类似物、依维莫司(1R,9S,12S,15R,16E,18R,19R,21R,23S,24E,26E,28E,30S,32S,35R)-1,18-二羟基-12-{(1R)-2-[(1S,3R,4R)-4-(2-羟基乙氧基)-3-甲氧基环己基]-1-甲基乙基}-19,30-二甲氧基-15,17,21,23,29,35-六甲基-11,36-二氧杂-4-氮杂-三环[30.3.1.04,9]三十六-16,24,26,28-四烯-2,3,10,14,20-五酮]、姜黄素、替拉那韦、依曲韦林、他达拉非、托伐普坦、多肽、DNAs、RNAs、腺嘌呤、鸟嘌呤、胞核嘧啶、胞核嘧啶和尿嘧啶。
在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物的母药具有以下结构式P-F2的结构:
F2-H (结构式P-F2)
包括其立体异构体和它们的盐。
在此披露中,术语“F2”或“F2”选自于以下结构式:结构式F2-1,结构式F2-2,结构式F2-3,结构式F2-4,结构式F2-5,结构式F2-6,结构式F2-7,结构式F2-8,结构式F2-9,结构式F2-10,结构式F2-11,结构式F2-12,结构式F2-13,结构式F2-14,结构式F2-15,结构式F2-16,结构式F2-17,结构式F2-18,结构式F2-19,结构式F2-20,结构式F2-21,结构式F2-22,结构式F2-23,结构式F2-24,结构式F2-25,结构式F2-26,结构式F2-27,结构式F2-28,结构式F2-29,结构式F2-30,结构式F2-31,结构式F2-32,结构式F2-33,结构式F2-34,结构式F2-35,结构式F2-36,结构式F2-37,结构式F2-38,结构式F2-39,结构式F2-40,结构式F2-41,结构式F2-42,结构式F2-43,结构式F2-44,结构式F2-45,结构式F2-46,结构式F2-47,结构式F2-48,结构式F2-49,结构式F2-50,结构式F2-51,结构式F2-52,结构式F2-53,结构式F2-54,结构式F2-55,结构式F2-56,结构式F2-57,结构式F2-58,结构式F2-59,结构式F2-60,结构式F2-61,结构式F2-62,结构式F2-63,结构式F2-64,结构式F2-65,结构式F2-66,结构式F2-67,结构式F2-68,结构式F2-69,结构式F2-70,结构式F2-71,结构式F2-72,结构式F2-73,结构式F2-74,结构式F2-75,结构式F2-76,结构式F2-77,结构式F2-78,结构式F2-79,结构式F2-80,结构式F2-81,结构式F2-82,结构式F2-83,结构式F2-84,结构式F2-85,结构式F2-86,结构式F2-87,结构式F2-88,结构式F2-89,结构式F2-90,结构式F2-91,结构式F2-92,结构式F2-93,结构式F2-94,结构式F2-95,结构式F2-96,结构式F2-97,结构式F2-98,结构式F2-99,结构式F2-100,结构式F2-101,结构式F2-102,结构式F2-103,结构式F2-104,结构式F2-105,结构式F2-106,结构式F2-107,结构式F2-108,结构式F2-109,结构式F2-110,结构式F2-111,结构式F2-112,结构式F2-113,结构式F2-114,结构式F2-115,结构式F2-116,结构式F2-117,结构式F2-118,结构式F2-119,结构式F2-120,结构式F2-121,结构式F2-122,结构式F2-123,结构式F2-124,结构式F2-125,结构式F2-126,结构式F2-127,结构式F2-128,结构式F2-129,结构式F2-130,结构式F2-131,结构式F2-132,结构式F2-133,结构式F2-134,结构式F2-135,结构式F2-136,结构式F2-137,结构式F2-138,结构式F2-139,结构式F2-140,结构式F2-141,结构式F2-142,结构式F2-143,结构式F2-144,结构式F2-145,结构式F2-146,结构式F2-147,结构式F2-148,结构式F2-149,结构式F2-150,结构式F2-151,结构式F2-152,结构式F2-153,结构式F2-154,结构式F2-155,结构式F2-156,结构式F2-157,结构式F2-158,结构式F2-159,结构式F2-160,结构式F2-161,结构式F2-162,结构式F2-163,结构式F2-164,结构式F2-165,结构式F2-166,结构式F2-167,结构式F2-168,结构式F2-169,结构式F2-170,结构式F2-171,结构式F2-172,结构式F2-173,结构式F2-174,结构式F2-175,结构式F2-176,结构式F2-177,结构式F2-178,结构式F2-179,结构式F2-180,结构式F2-181,结构式F2-182,结构式F2-183,结构式F2-184,结构式F2-185,结构式F2-186,结构式F2-187,结构式F2-188,结构式F2-189,结构式F2-190,结构式F2-191,结构式F2-192,结构式F2-193,结构式F2-194,结构式F2-195,结构式F2-196,结构式F2-197,结构式F2-198,结构式F2-199,结构式F2-200,结构式F2-201,结构式F2-202,结构式F2-203,结构式F2-204,结构式F2-205,结构式F2-206,结构式F2-207,结构式F2-208,结构式F2-209,结构式F2-210,结构式F2-211,结构式F2-212,结构式F2-213,结构式F2-214,结构式F2-215,结构式F2-216,结构式F2-217,结构式F2-218,结构式F2-219,结构式F2-220,结构式F2-221,结构式F2-222,结构式F2-223,结构式F2-224,结构式F2-225,结构式F2-226,结构式F2-227,结构式F2-228,结构式F2-229,结构式F2-230,结构式F2-231,结构式F2-232,结构式F2-233,结构式F2-234,结构式F2-235,结构式F2-236,结构式F2-237,结构式F2-238,结构式F2-239,结构式F2-240,结构式F2-241,结构式F2-242,结构式F2-243,结构式F2-244,结构式F2-245,结构式F2-246,结构式F2-247,结构式F2-248,结构式F2-249,结构式F2-250,结构式F2-251,结构式F2-252,结构式F2-253,结构式F2-254,结构式F2-255,结构式F2-256,结构式F2-257,结构式F2-258,结构式F2-259,结构式F2-260,结构式F2-261,结构式F2-262,结构式F2-263,结构式F2-264,结构式F2-265,结构式F2-266,结构式F2-267,结构式F2-268,结构式F2-269,结构式F2-270,结构式F2-271,结构式F2-272,结构式F2-273,结构式F2-274,结构式F2-275,结构式F2-276,结构式F2-277,结构式F2-278,结构式F2-279,结构式F2-280,结构式F2-281,结构式F2-282,结构式F2-283,结构式F2-284,结构式F2-285,结构式F2-286,结构式F2-287,结构式F2-288,结构式F2-289,结构式F2-290,结构式F2-291,结构式F2-292,结构式F2-293,结构式F2-294,结构式F2-295,结构式F2-296,结构式F2-297,结构式F2-298,结构式F2-299,结构式F2-300,结构式F2-301,结构式F2-302,结构式F2-303,结构式F2-304,结构式F2-305,结构式F2-306,结构式F2-307,结构式F2-308,结构式F2-309,结构式F2-310,结构式F2-311,结构式F2-312,结构式F2-313,结构式F2-314,结构式F2-315,结构式F2-316,结构式F2-317,结构式F2-318,结构式F2-319,结构式F2-320,结构式F2-321,结构式F2-322,结构式F2-323,结构式F2-324,结构式F2-325,结构式F2-326,结构式F2-327,结构式F2-328,结构式F2-329,结构式F2-330,结构式F2-331,结构式F2-332,结构式F2-333,结构式F2-334,结构式F2-335,结构式F2-336,结构式F2-337,结构式F2-338,结构式F2-339,结构式F2-340,结构式F2-341,结构式F2-342,结构式F2-343,结构式F2-344,结构式F2-345,结构式F2-346,结构式F2-347,结构式F2-348,结构式F2-349,结构式F2-350,结构式F2-351,结构式F2-352,结构式F2-353,结构式F2-354,结构式F2-355,结构式F2-356,结构式F2-357,结构式F2-358,结构式F2-359,结构式F2-360,结构式F2-361,结构式F2-362,结构式F2-363,结构式F2-364,结构式F2-365,结构式F2-366,结构式F2-367,结构式F2-368,结构式F2-369,结构式F2-370,结构式F2-371,结构式F2-372,结构式F2-373,结构式F2-374,结构式F2-375,结构式F2-376,结构式F2-377,结构式F2-378,结构式F2-379,结构式F2-380,结构式F2-381,结构式F2-382,结构式F2-383,结构式F2-384,结构式F2-385,结构式F2-386,结构式F2-387,结构式F2-388,结构式F2-389,结构式F2-390,结构式F2-391,结构式F2-392,结构式F2-393,结构式F2-394,结构式F2-395,结构式F2-396,结构式F2-397,结构式F2-398,结构式F2-399,结构式F2-400,结构式F2-401,结构式F2-402,结构式F2-403,结构式F2-404,结构式F2-405,结构式F2-406,结构式F2-407,结构式F2-408,结构式F2-409,结构式F2-410,结构式F2-411,结构式F2-412,结构式F2-413,结构式F2-414,结构式F2-415,结构式F2-416,结构式F2-417,结构式F2-418,结构式F2-419,结构式F2-420,结构式F2-421,结构式F2-422,结构式F2-423,结构式F2-424,结构式F2-425,结构式F2-426,结构式F2-427,结构式F2-428,结构式F2-429,结构式F2-430,结构式F2-431,结构式F2-432,结构式F2-433,结构式F2-434,结构式F2-435,结构式F2-436,结构式F2-437和结构式F2-438(图2),包括其立体异构体和它们的盐。
在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物的母药含有氨基,并且进一步含有羧基或磷酸盐/磷酸酯。高穿透性组合物的母药同时含有氨基和羧基/磷酸盐/磷酸酯基团的例子包括但不限于:莫西沙星、阿伐斯汀、莫西普利、(4-氨基-1-羟基-亚丁基)双膦酸、贝那普利{3-[(1-乙氧羰基-3-苯基-(1S)-丙基)氨基]2,3,4,5-四氢-2-酮-1H-1-(3S)苯并氮杂卓-1-乙酸}、依诺沙星、环丙沙星[1-环丙基-6-氟-1,4-二氢-4-酮-7(1-哌嗪基)-3-喹啉羧酸]、左卡巴斯汀、左旋多巴、依那普利[(S)-1-[N-(1-羧基-3-苯丙基)-L-丙胺酰]-L-脯氨酸]、制霉菌素、洛美沙星、诺氟沙星、两性霉素B、氧氟沙星、喹那普利、雷米普利、(2-{1-[2-(氯苯基)-2-甲氧基-2-酮乙基]-4-硫烷基-3-哌啶叉}-乙酸),R-138727,2-酮-氯吡格雷、唑来膦酸、甲基多巴、左西替利嗪(盐酸左西替利嗪薄膜衣片)、西替立嗪(仙特明)、左氧氟沙星、加替沙星、奥洛他定、伊班膦酸盐、加巴喷丁、3-氨基丙烷磺酸、多肽,氨基酸,天门冬酰胺-丙氨酸-脯氨酸-缬氨酸-丝氨酸-异亮氨酸-脯氨酸-谷氨酰胺H-Asn-Ala-Pro-Val-Ser-Ile-Pro-Gln-OH,缬氨酸-脯氨酸-甘氨酸-脯氨酸-精氨酸H-Val-Pro-Gly-Pro-Arg-OH,缬氨酸-脯氨酸-甘氨酸-脯氨酸-精氨酸(硝基)H-Val-Pro-Gly-Pro-Arg(NO2)-OH,色氨酸-丙氨酸-甘氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸(苄基)-丙氨酸-丝氨酸(乙酰基)-甘氨酸-谷氨酸(乙酯)H-Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp(OBz)-Ala-Ser(Ac)-Gly-Glu(OEt)-OH,苯磺酸贝泊司汀、贝西沙星、爱维莫潘[2(S)-[[4(R)-(3-羟基苯基)-3(R),4-二甲基-1-哌啶基)甲基]-1-酮-3-苯基丙基]氨基]乙酸(脱水),和喜保宁(氨己烯酸)。
在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物的母药具有如下结构式P-F3所示的结构:,F3-OH(结构式P-F3)
包括其立体异构体和它们的盐。
在此披露中,术语“F3”或“F3”选自以下结构式:结构式F3-1,结构式F3-2,结构式F3-3,结构式F3-4,结构式F3-5,结构式F3-6,结构式F3-7,结构式F3-8,结构式F3-9,结构式F3-10,结构式F3-11,结构式F3-12,结构式F3-13,结构式F3-14,结构式F3-15,结构式F3-16,结构式F3-17,结构式F3-18,结构式F3-19,结构式F3-20,结构式F3-21,结构式F3-22,结构式F3-23,结构式F3-24,结构式F3-25,结构式F3-26,结构式F3-27,结构式F3-28,结构式F3-29,结构式F3-30,结构式F3-31,结构式F3-32,结构式F3-33,结构式F3-34,结构式F3-35,结构式F3-36,结构式F3-37,结构式F3-38,结构式F3-39,结构式F3-40,结构式F3-41,结构式F3-42,结构式F3-43和结构式F3-44(图3),包括其立体异构体和它们的盐。
在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物的母药含有一个羰基。含有羰基的母药的例子包括,但不限于:视黄醛、雄甾烯二酮、黄体酮、1-甲基雄甾-1,4-二烯-3,17-二酮、10β-propynylest-4-烯-3,17-二酮、6-亚甲基雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮、7a-氨基苯硫基雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮和7a-氨基苯硫基雄甾-1,4-二烯-3,17-二酮。
在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物的母药具有结构式P-F4所表示的结构;
F4=0 (结构式P-F4)
包括其立体异构物以及它们的盐。
在此披露中,术语“F4”或“F4”是指选自结构式F4-1、结构式F4-2、结构式F4-3、结构式F4-4、结构式F4-5、结构式F4-6、结构式F4-7、结构式F4-8、结构式F4-9、结构式F4-10、结构式F4-11,结构式F4-12、结构式F4-13、结构式F4-14、结构式F4-15、结构式F4-16、结构式F4-17和结构式F4-18(图4)所表示的结构,包括它们的立体异构物以及盐。
术语“非甾体抗炎药”或“NSAIA”是指一类医药业所熟知并且用于治疗炎症相关疾病的非甾体试剂。非甾体抗炎药有抗炎作用,一些非甾体抗炎药还有镇痛和/或退热的作用。非甾体消炎药的例子包括,但不限于:乙酰水杨酸(阿司匹林)、5-(2,4-二氟苯基)水杨酸(二氟尼柳)、水杨基水杨酸(二聚水杨酸)、水杨酸、N-乙酰基-对氨基酚(乙酰氨基酚)、2-(对异丁基苯基)丙酸(布洛芬)、2-(3-苯甲酰基苯基)丙酸(酮洛芬)、2-(3-苯氧基苯基)丙酸(非诺洛芬)、2-(6-甲氧基-2-萘基)丙酸(萘普生)、α-甲基-4-(2-噻吩甲酰基)苯乙酸(舒洛芬)、α-甲基-(对氯苯甲酰基)-5-甲氧基-2-甲基吲哚-3-乙酸、2-(2-氟-4-联苯基)-丙酸(氟比洛芬)、6-氯-α-甲基-9H-咔唑-2-乙酸(卡布洛芬)、α-甲基-(5H-[1]苯并吡喃[2,3-b]吡啶-7-基)乙酸(普拉洛芬)、2-(4-氯苯基)-α-甲基-5-苯并恶唑乙酸(苯恶洛芬)、α-甲基-4-[(2-甲基-2-丙烯基)氨基]苯乙酸(阿明洛芬)、[5-(苯甲酰基)-α-甲基-2-噻吩基]乙酸(噻洛芬酸)、3-氯-4-(2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)-α-甲基苯乙酸(吡洛芬)、2-(10-酮-10,11-二氢二苯并[b,f]硫杂卓-2-基)-丙酸(扎托洛芬)2、2-(8-甲基-11-酮-10,11-二氢二苯并(b,f)氧杂卓-2-基)丙酸(柏莫洛芬)、[4-(2-酮环戊基-甲基)苯基]丙酸(洛索洛芬)、4-(1,3-二氢-1-酮-2H-异吲哚-2-基)-α-甲基苯乙酸(吲哚布洛芬)、α,3-二氯-4-环己基苯乙酸(苯克洛酸)、2-芳基和杂芳基丙酸、4,5-二苯基-2-噁唑丙酸(奥沙普秦)、3-(4-联苯基羰基)丙酸(芬布芬)、5-(4-氯苯基)-β-羟基-2-呋喃丙酸(奥帕诺辛)、3-芳基和杂芳基丙酸、5-苯甲酰基-2,3-二氢-1H-吡咯嗪基-1-羧酸(酮咯酸)、6-氯-5-环己基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-1-羧酸(环氯茚酸)、1-甲基-5-(4-甲基苯甲酰)-1H-吡咯-2-乙酸(托美丁)、5-(4-氯苯甲酰基)-1,4-二甲基-1H-吡咯-2-乙酸(佐美酸)、1,8-二乙基-1,3,4,9-四氢吡喃并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-乙酸(依托度酸)、2-(2-氨基-3-苯甲酰苯基)乙酸(氨芬酸)、2-氨基-3-(4-溴-苯甲酰基)苯乙酸(溴芬酸)、3-氯-4-(2-丙烯氧基)-苯乙酸(阿氯芬酸)、2-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)苯乙酸(芬氯酸)、1-(4-氯苯甲酰基)-5-甲氧基-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-乙酸羧甲基酯(阿西美辛)1、4-(4-氯苯基)-2-苯基-5-噻唑乙酸(芬替酸)、1-(4-氯苯甲酰基)-5-甲氧基-2-甲基吲哚-3-醋酸(吲哚美辛)、(Z)-5-氟-2-甲基-1-[(4-甲亚硫酰苯基)亚甲基]-1H-茚-3-醋酸(舒林酸)、3-(4-氯苯基)-1-苯基-1H-吡咯-4-乙酸(氯那唑酸)、[(1-苯基-1H-吲哚-3-基)酮]乙酸(苄达酸)、6-甲氧基-2-萘基乙酸(6-MNA)、2[(2,6-二氯苯基)氨基]苯乙酸(双氯芬酸)、2-[(2,3-二甲苯基)氨基]苯甲酸(甲芬那酸)、2-[(2,6-二氯-3-甲基苯基)氨基]苯甲酸(甲氯芬那酸)、2-{[3-三氟甲基)苯基]氨基}苯甲酸(氟芬那酸)、2-[[(3-三氟甲基)苯基]氨基]-3-吡啶羧酸(尼氟灭酸)、2-[[2-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]氨基]-3-吡啶羧酸(氟尼克辛)、4-羟基-2-甲基-N-(2-吡啶基)-2H-1,2-苯并噻嗪-3-甲酰胺-1,1-二氧化物(吡罗昔康)、舒多昔康、6-氯-4-羟基-2-甲基-N-2-吡啶基-2H-噻吩-[2,3-e]-1,2-噻嗪-3-碳乙二酰乙二胺-1,1-二氧化物(氯诺昔康)、4-羟基-2-甲基-N-2-吡啶基-2H-噻吩并[2,3-e]-1,2-噻嗪-3-甲酸甲酯-1,1-二氧化物(替诺昔康)、1-[2-甲基-1,1-二酮-3-(吡啶基-2-基氨基甲酰)苯并[e]噻嗪-4-基]乙氧基碳酸乙酯(安吡昔康)、8-氯-(4-羟基-4-吡啶基-2-基氨基-亚甲基)-3-甲基-2,2-二氧-2λ67-二硫杂-3-氮杂双环[4,3,0]壬-8,10-二烯-5-酮(氯诺昔康)、4-羟基-2-甲基-N[5-甲基-3-isoxolyl-2H-1,2-苯并噻嗪-3-甲酰胺1,1-二氧化物(伊索昔康)、辛诺昔康和N-(2-噻唑)-4-羟基-2-甲基-2H,1,2-苯并噻嗪-3-甲酰胺1,1-二氧化物(美洛昔康)。
在某些例子中,非甾体抗炎药的高穿透性组合物的功能单元含有一个结构式F-2、结构式F-82到结构式F-125,和结构式F2-360到结构式F2-403所表示的结构。
在此披露中,前列腺素或“前列腺素类似物”是指一个含有一个五元环和一个脂肪酸基团的化合物,其中五元环可以是多重环结构的一部分。前列腺素及其类似物的例子包括,但不限于PGA1、PGA2、PGA3、PGB1、PGB2、PGB3、PGD1、PGD2、PGD3、PGE1、PGE2、PGE3、PGF1α、PGF1β、PGF2α、PGF2β、PGF3α、PGG2、PGH1、PGH2、PGl2(前列环素)、PGl3、PGJ2、PGK1、PGK2、卡前列素、前列他林、迷索前列醇、吉美前列素、硫前列酮、氟前列醇、氯前列醇、比马前列素{(Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-二羟基-2-[(E,3S)-3-羟基-5-苯基-1-戊烯基]环戊基]-5-N-乙基庚烯酰胺}、拉坦前列素(13,14-二羟基-17-苯基-18,19,20-三去甲前列腺素F2α异丙酯)、曲伏前列素{(Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-二羟基-2-[(1E,3R)-3-羟基-4-[(α,α,α,-三氟-m-甲苯基)氧]-1-丁烯基]环戊基]-5-庚烯酸},和乌诺前列酮(13,14-二羟基-15-酮-20-乙基前列腺素F2α)。
在某些例子中,前列腺素高穿透性组合物的功能单元含有一个结构式F-132到结构式F-151所表示的结构。
如我们所知,芥子气类被用于各种疾病治疗中。芥子气类的例子包括但不限于:氮芥子气、硝基苄基芥子气、烷基化物磷酰胺氮芥、异烷基化物磷酰胺氮芥和醛磷酰。
在某些例子中,芥子气类和与芥子气类相关的化合物的高穿透性组合物的功能单元具有结构式F-MA和结构式F-MB所表示的结构:
包括其立体异构物和它们的盐,其中:
选自结构式Ym-a、结构式Ym-b、结构式Ym-c、结构式Ym-d、结构式Ym-e
选自取代和未取代的芳基、结构式Ar-ma、结构式Ar-mb、结构式Ar-mc、结构式Ar-md、结构式Ar-me、结构式Ar-mf、结构式Ar-mg、结构式Ar-mh、结构式Ar-mi:
每个Xm1和Xm2分别单独选自Cl、Br、F、I、和OSO2Rm4;
每个Rm4和Rm6分别单独选自:取代和未取代的烷基、取代和未取代的烷氧基、取代和未取代的全氟烷基、取代和未取代的全氟烷基、取代和未取代的卤代烷基、取代和未取代的芳基、取代和未取代的杂芳基;
每个Xm3-Xm7分别单独选自NHCORm4、ORm4、SRm4、NHRm4、OCORm4、Rm4、取代和未取代的烷氧基、取代和未取代的烷硫基、取代和未取代的烷氨基、取代和未取代的卤代烷基、H、F、Cl、Br、I、NO2、CN、CF3、NHCOCH3、OCH3、SCH3、NH2、NHCH3、OCOCH3、OCOC2H5、OC2H5、OC3H7,CH3、C2H5和C3H7;
n是整数;
Ym1选自CH2、O、S和NH;
Ym2和Ym3分别单独选自NHCORm4、H、OH、NHCOCH3、HCOC2H5、Cl、F、Br和I,或连在一起共同代表=O;
Ym4选自Rm4、CH2、(CH2)n、O、S和NH;
Am选自α-氨基酸、β-氨基酸和氨基酸片断;
任何CH2可以被O、S或NH代替;并且当一个键不是与芳环或杂芳环上的任何原子直接连接时,该键可以插入到环的任何位置。
众所周知,多肽和氨基酸被用于各种疾病。在此,多肽是指多个氨基酸通过酰氨键连接起来的化合物。多肽的例子包括,但不限于:多肽激素(例如:促甲状腺激素释放激素、促吞噬肽(苏氨酸-赖氨酸-脯氨酸-精氨酸)、蛋氨酸-脑啡肽(酪氨酸-甘氨酸-甘氨酸-苯丙氨酸-蛋氨酸)、后叶催产素、血管紧张素、胃泌素、生长激素抑制素、强啡肽、内皮素、分泌素、降钙素、和胰岛素),抑肠肽(例如:缬氨酸-脯氨酸-天冬氨酸-脯氨酸-精氨酸(VPDPR)、缬氨酸-脯氨酸-甘氨酸-脯氨酸-精氨酸(VPGPR)、以及丙氨酸-脯氨酸-甘氨酸-脯氨酸-精氨酸(APGPR)),黑皮质素II(环(1,6)-乙酰基-正亮氨酸-天冬氨酸-组氨酸-苯丙氨酸-精氨酸-色氨酸-赖氨酸),类鸦片肽(例如:蛋氨酸-脑啡肽Met-enkephalin(酪氨酸-甘氨酸-甘氨酸-苯丙氨酸-蛋氨酸)、亮氨酸-脑啡肽(酪氨酸-甘氨酸-甘氨酸-苯丙氨酸-亮氨酸)、酪氨酸-D-丙氨酸-甘氨酸-N-甲基-苯丙氨酸-氧化蛋氨醇、以及酪氨酸-D-丙氨酸-甘氨酸-苯丙氨酸-亮氨酸),抗微生物肽(例如:鲎肽素、人富组肽及其衍生物),钙结合肽,受态刺激肽,多肽疫苗和多肽模拟物(例如:α-螺旋模拟物和β折叠模拟物)。
在某些例子中,多肽的高穿透性组合物的功能单元含有如前定义的结构式F-79到结构式F-81、结构式F2-418、结构式F2-419、结构式F3-35到结构式F3-40中的任一结构。
如我们所知RNA、DNA、核苷和核苷酸被用于治疗各种疾病。在此披露中,RNA和DNA是指几个核苷酸通过共价键连接在一起的化合物。
在某些例子中,RNA的高穿透性组合物或DNA的高穿透性组合物的功能单元具有结构式F2-420到结构式F2-427所表示的结构。
在此披露中,β-内酰胺类抗生素是指含有β-内酰胺核的化合物。β-内酰胺类抗生素的例子,包括但不限于:青霉素衍生物、先锋霉素族抗菌素、青霉烯类、单菌霉素、碳青霉烯类、β-内酰胺酶抑制剂以及混合物。青霉素衍生物的例子包括,但不限于:氨基青霉素(例如:阿莫西林、氨比西林、和依匹西林);羧基青霉素(例如:羧苄青霉素、替卡西林和替莫西林);脲基青霉素(例如:阿洛西林、哌拉西林和美洛西林);美西林、磺苄西林、苄星青霉素、青霉素G(苄青霉素)、青霉素V(苯氧甲基青霉素)、青霉素O(丙烯硫甲基青霉素)、普鲁卡因青霉素、苯唑西林、甲氧苯青霉素、萘夫西林、邻氯青霉素、双氯青霉素、氟氯西林、匹氨青霉素、海他西林、巴氨西林、美坦西林、酞氨西林、奥先片(阿莫西林+克拉维酸)和哌拉西林(piperacillion)。先锋霉素族抗菌素的例子包括,但不限于:头孢氨苄、头孢菌素、头孢唑啉、头孢克洛、头孢呋辛、头孢孟多、头孢替坦、头孢西丁、头孢氨甲苯唑、头孢曲松、头孢噻肟、头孢泊肟酯、头孢他定、头孢吡肟、头孢哌酮、头孢唑肟、头孢克肟以及头孢匹罗。青霉烯类的例子包括,但不限于:法罗培南。内酰胺类的例子包括,但不限于:噻肟单酰胺菌素和替吉莫南。碳青霉烯类的例子,包括但不限于:比阿培南、多利培南、厄他培南、亚胺培南、美罗培南和帕尼培南。β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的例子,包括但不限于:他佐巴坦{[2s-(2α,3β,5α)]-3-甲基-7-酮-3-(1H-1,2,3-三氮唑-1-甲基)-4-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-2-羧酸4,4二氧化钠}、舒巴克坦:(2S,5R)-3,3-二甲基-7-酮-4-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-2-羧酸钠-4,4-二氧化物以及克拉维酸(2R,5R,Z)-3-(2-羟亚乙基)-7-酮-4-氧杂-1-氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-2-羧酸。其它抗生素的例子包括,但不限于:[(N-苯甲氧基羰基氨基)甲基]-磷酸单-(4-硝基苯基)酯钠盐、[(N-苯甲氧基羰基氨基)甲基]-磷酸单-(3-吡啶)酯钠盐、磺胺(4-氨基苯磺酸)sulfanilamide(4-aminobenzenesulfonamide),柳氮磺吡啶(6-酮-3-(2-[4-(N-吡啶-2-基-氨磺酰基)苯基]亚联氨基)环己基-1,4-二烯羧酸)、1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-7-哌嗪-1-基-喹啉-3-羧酸、萘啶酮酸(1-乙基-7-甲基-4-酮-[1,8]-萘啶-3-羧酸)。
在某些例子中,β-内酰胺抗生素的高穿透性组合物的功能单元含有一个选自结构式F-184到结构式F-211的结构。
在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物的母药或母药相关的化合物可以进一步转化成上面所述的亲脂性部分。
在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物的传输单元含有一个可质子化的氨基,氨基可以促进传输或高穿透性组合物穿过一个或多个生物屏障(如比母药快>约10倍、>约50倍、>约100倍、>约300倍、>约500倍、>约1,000倍、>约10,000倍)。在某些例子中,可质子化的氨基在高穿透性组合物穿过的一个或多个生物屏障的pH值条件下被质子化。在某些例子中,氨基的质子化和去质子化是可逆的。在某些例子中,在高穿透性组合物穿过一个或多个生物屏障后传输单元可能分离或者可能不分离下来。
在某些例子中,可以质子化的氨基选自于取代和未取代的一级氨、取代和未取代的二级氨、取代和未取代的三级氨。
在某些例子中,氨基选自于图7所示的结构式T-1,结构式T-2,结构式T-3,结构式T-4,结构式T-5,结构式T-6,结构式T-7,结构式T-8,结构式T-9,结构式T-10,结构式T-11,结构式T-12,结构式T-13,结构式T-14,结构式T-15,结构式T-16,结构式T-17,结构式T-18,包括其立体异构体及其盐。
在某些例子中,共价连接高穿透力组合物的功能单元和传输单元的链接部分含有一个在高穿透性组合物穿过一个或更多个生物屏障后能裂解的键。可裂解的键包括,例如:共价键、醚键、硫醚键、酰胺键、酯键、硫酯键、碳酸酯、氨基甲酸酯、磷酸酯或肟键。
在某些例子中,母药的高穿透性组合物有以下结构式L表示的通式:
包括其立体异构体及其它们的盐,其中:
T是高穿透性组合物的一个传输单元。例如,T选自于结构式T-1,结构式T-2,结构式T-3,结构式T-4,结构式T-5,结构式T-6,结构式T-7,结构式T-8,结构式T-9,结构式T-10,结构式T-11,结构式T-12,结构式T-13,结构式T-14,结构式T-15,结构式T-16,结构式T-17,结构式T-18;和Fg是母药的高穿透性组合物功能单元。Fg选自于F1、F2、F-MA和F-MB的基团。
在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物含有结构式L所表示的结构,包括其立体异构体及其盐,其中Fg是F1,L1和L4是无(没有)。
在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物含有结构式L,包括其立体异构体及其盐,其中Fg是F2,L1是无(没有)。
在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物含有结构式L-3所表示的结构:
F3-L2-R(结构式L-3)
包括其立体异构体以及它们的盐。
在某些例子中,含有羰基的功能单元(如酮基和醛基)通过亚胺键、肟键、或腙键链接形成具有以下结构式L-4所表示的结构的高穿透性组合物:
包括其立体异构物及其它们的盐,其中:
L41选自无、N、N-O、N-N(L3)、N-S、N-O-CH2-O、N-S-CH2-O、N-L3、、N-O-L3、N-N(L3)-L5和L3;
T被定义为与0076段落中的一致。
在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物选自于图5所示的结构式:结构式P-44,结构式P2-428,结构式P2-429,结构式P2-430,结构式P2-431,结构式P2-432,结构式P4-1,结构式P4-2,结构式P4-3,结构式P4-4,结构式P4-5,结构式P4-6,结构式P4-7,结构式P4-8,结构式P4-9,结构式P4-10,结构式P4-11,结构式P4-12,结构式P4-13,结构式P4-14,结构式P4-15,结构式P4-16,P4-17,结构式P4-18,结构式P4-19,结构式P4-20,结构式P4-21,结构式P4-22,结构式P4-23,结构式P4-24,结构式P4-25,结构式P4-26,结构式P4-27,结构式P4-28,结构式P4-29,结构式P4-30,结构式P4-31,结构式P4-32,包括其立体异构体及其盐。其中:
T被定义为与段落0076一致,
L41被定义为与段落0080一致。
在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物的母药已经含有一个亲脂性的部分和一个在一个或多个生物屏障的pH条件下可以质子化和去质子化的一级、二级或三级氨基团。含有一个亲脂性部分和一个一级、二级或三级氨基结构的母药的例子包括,但不限于:β-阻断剂(例如:心得安、阿替洛尔、醋丁洛尔、比索洛尔、艾司洛尔、纳多洛尔、吲哚洛尔、索他洛尔、沙美特罗、噻吗洛尔)、局部麻醉剂(例如:普鲁卡因、马比佛卡因、氯普鲁卡因、依替卡因)、抗忧郁/抗精神病药(例如:氯丙嗪、左美丙嗪、三氟普马嗪,和三甲泼拉嗪)、抗精神分裂症的药物(例如:羟哌氯丙嗪、普鲁氯嗪、三氟吡啦嗪)、骨骼肌松弛药(例如:环苯扎林)和抗血小板聚集药(如噻氯匹啶)。
在某些例子中,同时含有一个亲脂性部分和一个一级、二级或三级氨基的母药的高穿透性组合物的亲脂性部分按前面所述的有机合成方法由亲水性基团转化而来。在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物选自以下结构式:结构式D5-1,结构式D5-2,结构式D5-3,结构式D5-4,结构式D5-5,结构式D5-6,结构式D5-7,结构式D5-8,结构式D5-9,结构式D5-10,结构式D5-11,结构式D5-12,结构式D5-13,结构式D5-14,结构式D5-15,结构式D5-16,结构式D5-17,结构式D5-18,结构式D5-19,结构式D5-20,结构式D5-21,结构式D5-22,结构式D5-23,结构式D5-24,结构式D5-25,结构式D5-26,结构式D5-27,结构式D5-28,结构式D5-29,结构式D5-30,结构式D5-31,结构式D5-32,结构式D5-33,结构式D5-34,结构式D5-35,结构式D5-36,结构式D5-37,结构式D5-38,结构式D5-39,结构式D5-40,结构式D5-41,结构式D5-42,结构式D5-43,结构式D5-44,结构式D5-45,结构式D5-46,结构式D5-47,结构式D5-48,结构式D5-49,结构式D5-50,结构式D5-51,结构式D5-52,结构式D5-53,结构式D5-54,结构式D5-55,结构式D5-56,结构式D5-57,结构式D5-58,结构式D5-59,结构式D5-60,结构式D5-61,结构式D5-62,结构式D5-63,结构式D5-64,结构式D5-65,结构式D5-66,结构式D5-67,结构式D5-68,结构式D5-69,结构式D5-70,结构式D5-71,结构式D5-72,结构式D5-73,结构式D5-74,结构式D5-75,结构式D5-76,结构式D5-77,结构式D5-78,结构式D5-79,结构式D5-80,结构式D5-81,结构式D5-82,结构式D5-83,结构式D5-84,结构式D5-85,结构式D5-86,结构式D5-87,结构式D5-88,结构式D5-89,结构式D5-90,结构式D5-91,结构式D5-92,结构式D5-93,结构式D5-94,结构式D5-95,结构式D5-96,结构式D5-97,结构式D5-98,结构式D5-99,结构式D5-100,结构式D5-101,结构式D5-102,结构式D5-103,结构式D5-104,结构式D5-105,结构式D5-106,结构式D5-107,结构式D5-108,结构式D5-109,结构式D5-110,结构式D5-111,结构式D5-112,结构式D5-113,结构式D5-114,结构式D5-115,结构式D5-116,结构式D5-117,结构式D5-118,结构式D5-119,结构式D5-120,结构式D5-121,结构式D5-122,结构式D5-123,结构式D5-124,结构式D5-125,结构式D5-126,结构式D5-127,结构式D5-128,结构式D5-129,结构式D5-130,结构式D5-131,结构式D5-132,结构式D5-133,结构式D5-134,结构式D5-135,结构式D5-136,结构式D5-137,结构式D5-138,结构式D5-139,结构式D5-140,结构式D5-141,结构式D5-142,结构式D5-143,结构式D5-144,结构式D5-145,结构式D5-146,结构式D5-147,结构式D5-148,结构式D5-149,结构式D5-150,结构式D5-151,结构式D5-152,结构式D5-153,结构式D5-154,结构式D5-155,结构式D5-156,结构式D5-157,结构式D5-158,结构式D5-159,结构式D5-160,结构式D5-161,结构式D5-162,结构式D5-163,结构式D5-164,结构式D5-165,结构式D5-166,结构式D5-167,结构式D5-168,结构式D5-169,结构式D5-170,结构式D5-171,结构式D5-172,结构式D5-173,结构式D5-174,结构式D5-175,结构式D5-176,结构式D5-177,结构式D5-178,结构式D5-179,结构式D5-180,结构式D5-181,结构式D5-182,结构式D5-183,结构式D5-184,结构式D5-185,结构式D5-186,结构式D5-187,结构式D5-188,结构式D5-189,结构式D5-190,结构式D5-191,结构式D5-192,结构式D5-193,结构式D5-194,结构式D5-195,结构式D5-196,结构式D5-197,结构式D5-198,结构式D51-199,结构式D5-200,结构式D5-201,结构式D5-202,结构式D5-203,结构式D5-204,结构式D5-205,结构式D5-206,结构式D5-207,结构式D5-208,结构式D5-209,结构式D5-210,结构式D5-211,结构式D5-212,结构式D5-213,结构式D5-214,结构式D5-215,结构式D5-216,结构式D5-217,结构式D5-218,结构式D5-219,结构式D5-220,结构式D5-221,结构式D5-222,结构式D5-223,结构式D5-224,结构式D5-225,结构式D5-226,结构式D5-227,结构式D5-228,结构式D5-229,结构式D5-230,结构式D5-231,结构式D5-232,结构式D5-233,结构式D5-234,结构式D5-235,结构式D5-236,结构式D5-237,结构式D5-238,结构式D5-239,结构式D5-240,结构式D5-241,结构式D5-242和结构式D5-243,(图6),包括其立体异构体和它们的盐。
在某些例子中,高穿透性组合物的盐是制药学可接受的盐。
在此披露中,术语“制药学可接受的盐”是指那些在此披露的用于受体安全的化合物的盐。制药学可接受的盐包括在此披露的这些化合物中的酸式或碱式基团。制药学可接受酸成的盐包括,但不限于盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、硝酸盐、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、磷酸盐、酸式磷酸盐、异烟酸盐、醋酸盐、乳酸盐、水杨酸盐、柠檬酸盐、酒石酸盐、泛酸盐、酒石酸氢盐、抗坏血酸盐、琥珀酸盐、马来酸盐、龙胆酸盐、延胡索酸盐、葡糖酸盐、糖酸盐、甲酸盐、苯甲酸盐、谷氨酸盐、甲磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐和扑酸盐(例如:1,11-亚甲基-二-(2-羟基-3-萘酸))盐。在此披露的一些化合物可以与各种氨基酸形成制药学可接受的盐。适宜的碱盐包括,但不限于:铝盐、钙盐、锂盐、镁盐、钾盐、钠盐、锌盐和二乙醇氨盐。制药学可接受的盐的综述可见BERGE ET AL.,66J.PHARM.SCI.1一19(1977),并作为参考在此并入。
术语“制药学可接受的酸”在这里是指能与在此披露的化合物形成盐并且在实际应用中安全的酸。制药学可接受的酸包括但不限于:例如盐酸、氢溴酸、氢碘酸、硝酸、sulfic acid、bisulfic acid、磷酸、亚磷酸、膦酸、异盐酸、乙酸、乳酸、水杨酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、泛酸、酒石氢酸、抗坏血酸、丁二酸、马来酸、龙胆酸、富马酸、葡萄糖酸、葡萄糖醛酸、葡糖二酸、甲酸、苯甲酸、谷氨酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸和帕莫酸。
除有特殊说明外,术语“烷基”在此披露中是指支链或非支链、饱和或不饱和、单价或多价的烃基,包括但不限于:甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、异丁烯基、戊烯基、己烯基、庚烯基、辛烯基、壬烯基、癸烯基、十一烷烯基、十二烷烯基、亚甲基、次乙烯基、伸丙基、异伸丙基、伸丁基、异伸丁基、叔伸丁基、戊二烯亚戊基、己烯、庚烯、辛烯、壬烯、癸烯、十一碳烯和十二碳烯。在某些实施方式中,烃基含有1-30个碳原子。在某些实施方式中,烃基含有1-20个碳原子。在某些实施方式中,烃基含有1-12个碳原子。在某些实施方式中,烃基含有1-6个碳原子。
除非有特殊说明,术语“环烷基”在此披露中是指至少含有一个环并且没有芳香环的烷基。在某些实施中,环烷基是一个饱和的环烷基。在某些实施方式中,环烷基含有不饱和键。环烷基的例子包括但不限于:环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环壬基、环辛基、环癸基、环十一烷基和环十二烷基。在某些实施方式中,烃基含有1-30个碳原子。在某些实施方式中,烃基含有1-12个碳原子。在某些实施方式中,烃基含有1-6个碳原子。
除非特别说明,在此披露中术语“杂环芳基”是指至少环上的原子至少有个原子是非碳原子。非碳原子包括但不限于:S、O和N。
除非特别说明,在此披露中术语“烷氧基”是指烷基、环烷基或杂环烷基中含有一个或多个氧原子。烷氧基包括但不限于:-CH2-OH、-OCH3、-O-烷基、-烷基-OH、-烷基-O-烷基-,其中两个烷基可以相同或不同。
除非特别说明,在此披露中术语“卤代烷基”是指烷基、环烷基或杂环烷基中含有一个或多个卤素原子,卤素原子可以相同或不同。术语“卤素原子”是指氟、氯、溴或碘。卤代烷基包括但不限于:-烷基-氟、-烷基-氯、-烷基-溴、-烷基-碘、-烷基(氟)-、-烷基(氯)-、-烷基(溴)-和-烷基(碘)-。
除非特别说明,在此披露中术语“烷硫基”是指烷基、环烷基或杂环烷基中含有一个或多个硫原子的。烷硫基包括但不限于:-CH2-SH、SCH3、S-烷基、烷基-SH、烷基-S-烷基-,其中两个烷基可以相同或不同。
除非特别说明,在此披露中术语“烷氨基”是指烷基、环烷基或杂环烷基中含有一个或多个氮原子。烷氨基包括但不限于-CH2-NH、-NCH3、-N(烷基)-烷基、-N-烷基、-烷基-NH2、-烷基-N-烷基和-烷基-N(烷基)-烷基,其中烷基可以相同或不同。
除非特别说明,在此披露中术语“烷羰基”是指烷基、环烷基或杂环烷基中含有一个或多个羰基。烷羰基包括但不限于:醛基(-R′-C(O)-H)、羰基(-R’-C(O)-R″)、羧酸(R’-COOH)、酯基(-R″-COO-R′)、酰胺(-R′″-COO-N(R′)R″)、烯酮(-R″″-C(O)-C(R′)=C(R″)R′″)、酰卤(-R’-C(O)-X)、和酸酐(-R”-C(O)-O-C(O)-R′),其中R′,R″,R′″、R″″可以是相同或不同的烷基、环烷基或杂环烷基。
除非特别说明,在此披露中术语“全氟烷基”是指烷基、环烷基或杂环烷基含有一个或多个氟原子,包括并不限于:全氟甲基、全氟乙基、全氟丙基。
除非特别说明,在此披露中术语“芳基”是指含有一个或多个芳香环的化学结构。在某些实施方式中,环上的原子全都是碳原子。在某些实施方式中,有一个或多个环上的原子是非碳原子,如氧原子、氮原子或硫原子(“杂芳基”)。芳基包括但不限于:苯基、苄基、萘基、蒽基、吡啶基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、吡嗪基、喹喔啉基、吖啶基、嘧啶基、喹唑啉基、哒嗪基、噌啉基、咪唑基、唑基、嘌呤基、吲哚基、异氮(杂)茚基、苯硫基、苯并噻吩基、吡唑基、吲唑基、噁唑基、苯并噁唑基、异噁唑基、苯并异噁唑基、噻唑基、胍基和苯并噻唑基。
在某些实施方式中,高穿透性组合物具有结构式P-NSAIA-1或结构式P-NSAIA-2的结构;
包括其立体异构物和它们的盐。
在某些实施方式中,高穿透性组合物具有结构式P-NSAIA1或结构式P-NSAIA-2所表示的结构,包括其立体异构物和它们的盐,其中:
Za选自O、S、NORa5和NRa5;
Xa选自无、O、P(O)ORa1、NH、NRa1和S;
Ra选自无、烷基、环烷基、烷氧基、环烷氧基、烯基、环烯基、全氟烷基、换全氟烷基、卤代烷基、卤代环烷基、炔基、环炔基、芳基或杂芳基,其中,任何CH2可以分别被O、S、CH=CH、C≡C、CHRaS、CRa5Ra6、芳基或杂芳基等任何制药学允许的基团代替;
Ra1和Ra2分别独立选自H、烷基、环烷基、烷氧基、环烷氧基、烯基、环烯基、全氟烷基、卤代烷基、环卤代烷基、炔基、环炔基、芳基和杂芳基,其中,任何CH2可以分别被O、S、CH=CH、C≡C、CHRa5、CRa5Ra6、芳基或杂芳基、任何制药学允许的基团代替;
Ra5和Ra6分别独立选自H、OH、CI、F、Br、I、烷基、环烷基、烷氧基、环烷氧基、袭击、环烯基、全氟烷基、环全氟烷基、卤代烷基、环卤代烷基、炔基、环炔基、芳基或杂芳基;
Ra7选自烷基、环烷基、烷氧基、环烷氧基、烯基、环烯基、全氟烷基、环全氟烷基、卤代烷基、环卤代烷基、炔基以及含有芳基或杂芳基的环炔基;
T被定义为与0076段落中的T一致;
Xa1含有氧原子,具有以下结构式所表示的结构:
每个Ya1、Ya2、Ya3、Ya4、Ya5、Ya6、Ya7和Ya8分别独立选自H、HO、CH3COO、R8COO、HS、NO2、CN、CH3COS、NH2、CH3CONH、R8CONH、CH3、CH3CH2、C3H7、C4H9、CH3O、CH3CH2O、C3H7O、CI、F、Br、I、CH3S、CHF2O、CF3O、CF3CF2O、C3F7O、CF3、CF3CF2、C3F7、C4F9、CH3SO2、Ra8SO2、CH3SO、Ra8SO、CH3CO和CH3CH2CO;
Ra8选自烷基、环烷基、烷氧基、环烷氧基、烯基、环烯基、全氟烷基、环全氟烷基、卤代烷基、卤代环烷基、炔基和含有芳基或杂芳基的炔基。
在某些实施方式中,阿司匹林的高穿透性组合物具有结构式P-NSAIA-1-a所表示的结构:
包括其立体异构物及它们的盐。
在某些实施方式中,高穿透性组合物具有结构式P-NSAIA-1-a所表示的结构,包括其立体异构物和它们的盐,其中:
Rt、Rt1和Rt2分别被定义为与0049段落中的R、R1和R2一致;
Rt7选自CH3、C2H5、C3H7、或其它短链烷基;
X选自O、S、NOR4、或NR4;
布洛芬及相关化合物的高穿透性组合物
在某些实施方式中,高穿透性组合物具有结构式P-NSAIA-5所表示的结构:
包括其立体异构物及制药学可接受的盐。
在某些实施方式中,高穿透性组合物具有结构式P-NSAIA-5表示的结构,包括其立体异构物和制药学可接受的盐,其中:
T被定义为与0076段落中的T一致;
Ya1、Ya2、Ya3和Ya4分别被定义为与0098段落中的Ya1、Ya2、Ya3和Ya4一致;
II.含有高穿透性组合物的医药组合物
在此披露的另一个方面是关于至少含有一个高穿透性组合物的医药组合物。医药组合物可以包含制药学可接受的载体。
各载体为“药学可接受”的意义在于与制剂中的其他成分如高穿透性组合物兼容,且适用于接触生物系统的组织或器官,无过度的毒性、刺激性、过敏反应、免疫原性、或其他问题或并发症,具有合理的获益/风险比例。
可以作为制药学可接受的载体的材料包括:(1)糖,如乳糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖;(2)淀粉质,如玉米粉和土豆粉;(3)纤维素和其衍生物,如羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素和醋酸纤维素;(4)西黄蓍胶粉;(5)麦芽;(6)凝胶;(7)云母;(8)辅料,如可可油和栓剂石蜡;(9)油,如花生油、棉籽油、红花油、蓖麻油、橄榄油、玉米油和芝麻油;(10)二醇类,如丙二醇;(11)多羟基化合物,如甘油、山梨醇、甘露醇和聚乙二醇;(12)酯,如油酸乙酯和月桂酸乙酯;(13)琼脂;(14)缓冲剂,如氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝;(15)褐藻酸;(16)灭菌水;(17)等渗盐水;(18)林格氏溶液;(19)醇,如乙醇和丙醇;(20)磷酸缓冲溶液以及(21)制药配方中使用的其它没有毒性的相容性物质如丙酮。
医药组合物可以含有制药学可接受的生理条件相近的辅助物质如pH调节和缓冲试剂、毒性调节剂,例如:醋酸钠、氯化钠、氯化钙、乳酸钠等。
在特定情况下,制药学可接受的载体是一个水系载体,如:缓冲盐水等。在某些实施方式中,制药学可接受的载体是急性溶剂,如丙酮和醇。
在这些剂型中高穿透性组合物的浓度可以变化很大,并且将依据液体的体积、粘滞度、体重和所选的使用方式和生物体的需要等选择合适的浓度。例如,重量浓度可以从0.0001%到100%,从0.01%到100%,从0.1%到100%,从0.1%到50%,从1%到50%,从1%到30%,从1%到20%,从5%到10%,从6%到8%wt。
在此披露中的组合物可用于预防、治疗,和/或卫生用。给药方式可以是外用、经粘膜,例如:口服、鼻腔、阴道、直肠、非肠道、经皮、皮下、肌肉、静脉注射、吸入、眼睛和其它方便的途径。医药组合物可以根据给药方式采取各种单位剂型。例如,适合口服的单位剂型包括粉末、片剂、药丸、胶囊和锭剂。
因此,典型的用于静脉内给药的医药组合物可以每天每个个体用约10-9g到约100g、约10-6g到约100g,约0.001g到约100g,约0.01g到约10g,约0.01g到约1g。每天每个个体的剂量可以是从0.01mg到约5g。制备非肠胃给药的组合物的实际方法是在制剂行业里熟知,详细描述见Remington′sPharmaceutical Science,15th ed.,Mack Publishing Pa.(1980)。
III.高穿透性组合物的应用
i)透过生物屏障的方法。
在此披露的另一方面是关于使用在此披露的组合物穿过生物体的一个或更多生物屏障的方法。这方法包含一步将高穿透性组合物或医药组合物用于生物体上。在某一例子中,高穿透性组合物穿过一个或更多个生物屏障的速度比母药疗效快10倍或更高,快约50倍或更高,快约100倍或更高,快约200倍或更高,快约300倍或更高,快约500倍或更高,快约1,000倍或更高,快约10,000倍或更高。
在此披露中术语“生物屏障”是指把一个环境分成不同立体空间或房间的生物层,这种隔开是一种调制路径的能力(如没有活动的扼流、约束、加强或获取),穿过或把物质从一个空间转移到另一个空间/区域。在此披露中的不同的立体空间或区域可以有相同或不同的化学或生物环境。在此披露中的生物层包括但不限于:生物膜、细胞层、生物学结构、生物体的内表面、有机体、器官或体腔、或其组合体或复数个联合。
生物膜包括脂质双层结构、真核细胞膜、原核细胞膜以及细胞内膜(例如:细胞核或细胞器膜,像高尔基体的膜或囊、粗糙和光滑的内质网(ER)、核糖体、液泡、囊泡、脂质体、线粒体、溶酶体、细胞核、叶绿体、植物色素体、过氧化物酶体或微体)。
在此披露中所指的脂质双层结构是一种脂类分子双层,包括但不限于磷脂和胆固醇。在某特定实施方式中,双层结构的脂类为由极性头部基团和非极性脂肪酸尾链组成的两性分子。双层结构由两层脂组成,排列方式为它们的碳氢尾链彼此相向,通过疏水效应聚拢形成油性核心,而它们的带电头部基团则朝向膜两侧的水性溶液。在另一特定实施方式中,该脂质双层结构可含有一个或多个嵌入蛋白和/或糖分子。
细胞层的实例包括真核细胞层(如,上皮、固有层(lamina propria)和平滑肌或粘膜肌层(在胃肠道)),原核细胞内层(如,表面层或S层,指由相同蛋白质或糖蛋白组成的二维结构单分子层,特别地,S层指一部分通常存在于细菌和古菌(archaea)中的细胞包膜),生物薄膜(一种包封在自我发展的聚合基质中,粘附于生物或惰性表面的结构化微生物群落),以及植物细胞层(如,表皮)。该细胞可以是正常细胞或病态细胞(如,疾病细胞,癌症细胞)。
生物结构的实例包括被紧密连接或封闭连接所密封的结构,其为毒素、细菌和病毒的进入提供屏障,如血奶屏障、血脑脊液屏障(CSF)、血滑液屏障(SF)和血脑屏障(BBB)。特别地,血脑屏障由一类非透过性的内皮组成,其既呈现为通过紧密连接结合临近的内皮细胞构成的物理屏障,也呈现为外排转运泵构成的转运屏障。生物结构也可以包括细胞、蛋白质和糖的结合体(如血栓),例如,髓鞘,它是一层包围着神经细胞的轴突,由介电材料髓磷脂组成。
对象、生物体、器官或体腔的内表面包括颊粘膜、食管粘膜、胃粘膜、肠粘膜、嗅粘膜、口腔黏膜、支气管黏膜、子宫黏膜和子宫内膜(子宫黏膜,孢粉粒壁的内层或孢子的内壁层),或者其组合体或复数个联合。
对象、生物体、器官或体腔的外表面的实例包括毛细血管(如,心脏组织的毛细血管),与皮肤相连的粘膜的膜(如,在鼻孔、嘴唇、耳朵、生殖区、和肛门),器官的外表面(如,肝、肺、胃、脑、肾、心、耳、眼、鼻、嘴、舌、结肠、胰腺、胆囊、十二指肠、直肠、胃、大肠、肠、静脉、呼吸系统、脉管、和肛门直肠),皮肤,角质层(如,上皮细胞或角化细胞的死细胞层或覆盖在动物毛发发干上的重叠细胞的表面层,多种无脊椎动物表皮外侧的多层结构,植物角质层或聚合物角质和/或胶膜),花粉粒的细胞壁外层、或孢子的外层壁,或者其组合体或复数个联合.
另外,生物屏障进一步包括糖类层,蛋白质层或任意其他生物层,或者其组合体或复数个联合。例如,皮肤是具有多种生物层的生物屏障。皮肤含有上皮层(外表皮)、真皮层和皮下层。上皮层含有多层结构包括基底细胞层、棘细胞层、颗粒细胞层和角质层。在上皮的细胞被称为角化细胞。角质层(也叫“horny layer”)是上皮的最外层,其中这里的细胞平坦且形状像鳞片(呈鳞片状)。这些细胞含有大量角蛋白,以多层的方式排列使皮肤表面具有韧性、防油性和防水性。
ii)诊断生物系统中某症状的方法
本发明的另一个方面涉及使用在此披露的组合物诊断生物体中症状的方法。该方法包含以下步骤:
1)将含有高穿透性组合物的组合物用于生物体上;
2)检测高穿透性组合物、高穿透性组合物中功能单元或其代谢产物在生物体中的存在、位置或含量;
3)确定在该生物对象中的症状。
在某些实施方式中,高穿透性组合物(或从高穿透性组合物上分离出来的作用剂)在出现症状的作用位点聚集。在某些实施方式中,也检测到高穿透性组合物的功能单元的存在、位置或含量。在某些实施方式中,也确定相关症状(如,癌症)的发生、发展、进程、或减缓。
在某些实施方式中,高穿透性组合物被可检测的作用剂标记或与其轭合。或者,高穿透性组合物被制备为包含放射性同位素以供检测。
目前的检测试剂可以分为以下几类:
(a)放射性同位素,如35S、14C、13C、15N、125I、3H、和131I。诊断剂可通过本领域公知的技术以放射性同位素标记,放射性可通过闪烁计数的方法测定;另外,对于碳和氮标记,诊断剂可通过自旋标记进行电子顺磁共振。
(b)荧光物质,如BODIPY,BODIPY类似物、稀土螯合物(铕螯合物)、荧光素及其衍生物、FITC、5(6)羧基荧光素、罗丹明及其衍生物、丹黄酰、丽丝胺(Lissamine)、藻红蛋白、绿色荧光蛋白、黄色荧光蛋白、红色荧光蛋白和德州红(Texas Red)。荧光可通过荧光计定量。
(c)各种酶-底物作用剂,如荧光素酶(如,萤火虫荧光素酶和细菌荧光素酶)、荧光素、2,3-二氢酞嗪二酮类、苹果酸脱氢酶、尿素酶、过氧化物酶如辣根过氧化物酶(HRPO)、碱性磷酸酯酶、β-半乳糖苷酶、葡萄糖淀粉酶、溶菌酶、多糖氧化酶(如,葡萄糖氧化酶、半乳糖氧化酶和葡萄糖-6-磷酸盐脱氢酶)、杂环氧化酶(如尿酸酶和黄嘌呤氧化酶)、乳糖过氧化物酶、微过氧化物酶,以及其相似物。酶-底物组合包括,例如:(i)辣根过氧化物酶(HRPO)与作为底物的过氧化氢酶,其中过氧化氢酶氧化染料前体(如,邻苯二胺(OPD)或3,3′,5,5′-四甲基联苯胺盐酸盐(TMB);(ii)碱性磷酸酯酶(AP)与作为生色底物的对硝基苯基磷酸酯;(iii)βD-半乳糖苷酶(β-D-Gal)与生色底物(如,对硝基苯基-β-D-半乳糖苷酶)或荧光生成底物4-甲基伞形酮-β-D-半乳糖苷。
在某些实施方式中,可检测的物质不必轭合至诊断剂,但可识别诊断剂的存在且该诊断剂可测。
在某些实施方式中,高穿透性组合物可通过试剂盒的方式提供,即,包装好的预定量试剂组合,带有进行诊断化验的说明书。当高穿透性组合物用酶标记时,该试剂盒将包括底物及该酶所需的辅助因子(如,提供可检测生色基团或荧光基团的底物前体)。另外,还可包括其他添加剂如稳定剂、缓冲剂(如,封闭缓冲液或裂解缓冲液)以及相似物。多种反应试剂的相对量可大幅度变动,以提供充分优化化验灵敏度的反应试剂的多种浓度所需。特别地,该试剂可以干燥粉末形式提供,通常为冻干形式,其包括在分散时使溶液具有合适浓度的赋形剂。
iii)为所需特性筛选物质的方法
本发明的另一方面涉及一种为所需特性而筛选高穿透性组合物的方法。
在某些实施方式中,方法包括:
将测试功能单元通过连接物共价连接至传输单元,以形成测试组合物(或将功能单元通过连接物共价连接至测试传输单元,或将功能单元通过测试连接物共价连接至传输单元)
2)将该测试组合物给药于生物系统;以及
3)测定该测试组合物是否具有期望的性质或特性。
在一实施方式中,期望的特性可包括,例如,1)测试功能单元形成高穿透性的组合物或转换回母药的能力;2)测试组合物的穿透能力和/或速率;3)测试组合物的效率和/或效果;4)测试传输单元的转运能力;以及5)测试连接物的可分裂性。
iv)在生物系统中治疗疾病的方法。
本发明的另一方面涉及将在此披露的组合物用于治疗生物系统的症状的方法。该方法包括将该医药组合物给药于该生物系统。
术语“治疗(treating)”在此披露中指治愈、缓解、抑制、或防止。术语“治疗(treat)”在此披露中指治愈、缓解、抑制、或防止。术语“治疗(treatment)”在此披露中指治愈、缓解、抑制、或防止。
术语“生物系统”,“生物对象”或“对象”在此披露中指某一器官、为完成某任务而共同工作的一组器官、生物体、或一组生物体。术语“生物体”在此披露中指分子的集合,其或多或少地作为一个稳定整体发挥功能且具有生命性质,如动物、植物、真菌、或微生物。
术语“动物”在此披露中指以主动活动为特征的真核生物体。动物的实例包括,但不限于,脊椎动物(例如,人类、哺乳动物、爬行动物、两栖动物、鱼类、囊腮类、狭心纲),被囊动物(如,海樽纲、尾海鞘纲、深水海鞘纲、海鞘纲),体节动物(如,昆虫纲、多足纲、malacapod,蛛形纲、海蜘蛛纲、肢口纲、甲壳纲、和环节动物),壁虎(anarthropoda)以及蠕虫(如,轮虫门)。
术语“植物”在此披露中指属于植物界的生物体。植物包括但不限于:种子植物、苔藓植物、蕨类植物、以及拟蕨植物。种子植物包括但不限于:苏铁类、银杏类、松柏类、买麻藤类、被子植物。苔藓植物包括,但不限于,叶苔、金鱼藻、和藓类植物。蕨类植物包括但不限于:瓶尔小草目(如:矛盾草、阴地蕨属、阴地蕨),合囊蕨科、和薄囊真蕨。拟蕨植物包括但不限于:石松纲(如,石松类、卷柏类、和水韭),松叶蕨科(如,石松植物门和松叶蕨目)和木贼科(如木贼类)。
术语“真菌”在此披露中指菌类中的真核生物体。真菌包括但不限于:壶菌、blastocladiomycota、neocallimastigomycota、接合菌门、聚合菌门、子囊菌门、和担子菌门。
术语“微生物”在此披露中指显微镜可见的生物体(如:长度在微米级的)。微生物包括不限于:细菌、真菌、古菌、原生生物、微生植物(如,绿藻)和微生动物(如,浮游生物、三肠虫、和变形虫)。
本方法可治疗的症状包括可被高穿透性组合物的母药治疗的症状。
v)在治疗中使用高穿透性组合物及其医药组合物的方法。
在此披露的另一方面涉及使用多肽母药的高穿透性组合物或其医药组合物在生物系统或对象中治疗症状的方法,该方法通过对该生物系统或对象给药以母药的高穿透性组合物或其医药组合物。在某些实施方式中,本方法所提及的高穿透性组合物的母药指NSAIA。在某些实施方式中,本方法所提及的高穿透性组合物的母药指前列腺素。在某些实施方式中,本方法所提及的高穿透性组合物的母药指芥子气类。在某些实施方式中,本方法所提及的高穿透性组合物的母药指多肽。在某些实施方式中,本方法所提及的高穿透性组合物的母药指β-内酰胺。
用母药的高穿透性组合物或医药组合物可治疗的疾病包括母药或与母药相关的化合物可治疗的疾病。在某些实施方式中,由于母药的高穿透性组合物穿过生物屏障的能力提高了,而母药很难穿过这些生物屏障,所以母药的高穿透性组合物或医药组合物还可以治疗新的病症。
在某些实施方式中,用母药的高穿透性组合物或医药组合物可治疗的疾病包括由于母药缺乏足够的穿透能力而很难达到目的地而不能治疗的疾病。疾病包括但不限于:脊髓损伤、髓鞘感染及相关症状(肌肉疾病如:肌萎缩性侧索硬化(ALS)、眼咽肌营养不良(OPMD)、肌强直性营养不良(MD)、进行性假肥大性肌营养不良(DMD)、多肌炎(PM)、皮肌炎(DM)以及包涵体肌炎(IBM))。在某些实施方式中,高穿透性组合物治疗的疾病包括自身免疫失常(如:牛皮癣、克罗恩氏病、红斑狼疮、盘状红斑狼疮、全身性红斑性狼疮、多发性硬化、纤维化(如:膀胱纤维化、肝纤维化、肺纤维化、胰腺纤维化、脾纤维化、胃与肠纤维化、以及其它器官纤维症))、代谢异常(如:糖尿病(II-型)、血脂异常)、血栓相关的疾病(如:中风)、神经变性疾病(如阿尔茨海默病和帕金森氏综合症)、肝硬化、肝炎、甲状腺机能亢进、胆结石、老化、皮肤疾病(如白癫风、光线性角化病、血管异常皮肤损伤、胎记、黑痣(色素痣)、胎记、老人斑(黄褐斑)、脓肿或淡红色肿块、黑头粉刺、丘疹、脓疱、结节、表皮样囊肿、毛发角化病、皮肤下垂松弛、皱纹、鱼尾纹、肉色皮肤斑点、酒渣鼻、治疗后的皮肤)、黄斑部退化和老年性黄斑变性(AMD)、咳嗽、器官移植排异、癌症和肿瘤(如:胃癌、多发性骨髓瘤、脑瘤、前列腺癌及骨癌)、灰和/或白发、脱发、秃顶、头发或睫毛稀疏、妇女妊娠、胚胎植入、脑损伤和植物的病毒、真菌或昆虫感染等疾病。
可以用非甾体消炎药的高穿透性组合物治疗的疾病包括但不限于:
1)代谢紊乱,如血糖异常、血脂异常、糖尿病(I型或/和II型)和糖尿病引起的并发症(如糖尿病性视网膜病、渐进性坏死性溃疡、糖尿病蛋白尿);
2)血压异常,如高血压或低血压;
3)肿瘤,如良性瘤、乳腺癌、结肠-直肠癌、口腔癌、肺及其它呼吸系统癌症、皮肤癌、子宫癌、胰脏癌、前列腺癌、生殖器癌、泌尿器官癌、白血病或其它血液和淋巴组织癌症;
4)心血管疾病,如心脏病发作、不稳定心绞痛、周围动脉闭塞性疾病和中风;
5)神经退行性疾病,如阿尔茨海默氏病和帕金森病;
6)皮肤病,例如:牛皮癣以及牛皮癣相关疾病、痤疮、囊肿性痤疮、脓肿或红肿、黑头粉刺、丘疹、脓疱、小瘤、表皮样囊肿、毛发角化病、血管异常皮肤损伤、胎记、痣、皮肤悬垂物、硬皮病、白癫风及相关的疾病、或老年斑(肝斑);
7)自身免疫疾病,如:盘状红斑狼疮、系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)、自身免疫性肝炎、硬皮病、萧格仑症候群、风湿性关节炎、多肌炎、硬皮病、桥本甲状腺炎病、青少年糖尿病、艾迪生病、白癫风、恶性贫血、血管球性肾炎、肺纤维化、多发性硬化(MS)及克罗恩氏病;
8)眼科疾病,如青光眼、高眼压症、眼科手术后的失明、温血动物由囊样黄斑水肿和白内障引起的视力损伤;
9)疼痛;
10)损伤;
11)与炎症相关的疾病,如前列腺炎症(前列腺炎)、前列腺膀胱炎、前列腺扩大纤维化(prostate enlarge fibrosis)、痔疮、川崎氏症、胃肠炎、1-型膜性增生性肾小球性肾炎、巴特氏综合症、慢性葡萄膜炎、强直性脊柱炎、血友病性关节病、炎症性痔疮、辐照后(人造的)直肠炎、慢性溃疡性结肠炎、炎性肠病、隐窝炎、牙周炎、关节炎、以下器官肝脏、肺、胃、脑、肾脏、心脏、耳朵、眼睛、鼻子、嘴、舌头、结肠、胰腺、胆囊、十二指肠、rectumstomach、直肠、肠、静脉、呼吸系统、血管、肛门直肠的炎症和肛门瘙痒;
12)发烧;
13)血小板凝聚相关的疾病,如术后血栓、颈动脉内膜切除术后血栓、冠状动脉血管成形术后血管狭窄复发、慢性动脉纤维性颤动血管栓塞并发症、aortocornonary-artery-bypass graft occlusion、心脏病、中风、多发梗塞性痴呆、痴呆、血液透析旁路血栓和在病人的人工瓣膜中的动脉栓赛并发症;
14)痛经;
15)过敏症;
16)哮喘;
17)高危妇女子痫前毒血症;
18)与IUD相关的子宫出血;
19)放射引起的疾病,以及
20)骨病,如骨质疏松症、佩吉特病和骨骼转移。
在某些实施方式中,NSAIA的高穿透性组合物或其医药组合物还能够进一步治疗NSAIA难以到达的生物体部位的损伤疾病,如脊髓损伤、髓鞘感染及相关病症(肌肉疾病如肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS)、眼咽肌营养不良症(OPMD)、强直性肌营养不良(MD)、杜氏肌营养不良症(DMD)、多发性肌炎(PM)、皮肌炎(DM)及包涵体肌炎(IBM))、灰白发、脱发及秃顶、老化以及病毒、真菌和/或昆虫感染的植物疾病。
在某些实施方式中,NSAIA的高穿透性组合物或其医药组合物能够治疗的疾病包括但不限于:髓鞘感染及相关疾病,肝硬化,肝炎,甲亢,胆结石,老化,非理想皮肤病(如光化性角化病、血管异常性皮肤病变、胎记、痣、皮垂、老年斑(褐黄斑)、脓疮或红肿、粉刺、丘疹、脓包、结节、表皮样囊肿、毛周角化病、皮肤下垂、皱纹、鱼尾纹、肉色皮肤斑点、酒渣鼻、治疗后皮肤),咳嗽、器官移植排异反应、癌症和肿瘤(如前列腺癌及骨癌)、灰白发、脱发、粗大症、老化、以及病毒、真菌或昆虫感染的植物病症。
可以通过使用前列腺素的高穿透性组合物治疗的状态或疾病包括但不限于:
1)例如:分娩(生产)(如:PGE2或PGF2与孕酮拮抗剂米非司酮一起或单独使用)以及治疗鸟类的挟蛋症;
2)胃溃疡(PGEs及其类似物);
3)严重的雷诺氏征候群或肢体缺血(例如:伊洛前列素,西卡前列素);
4)血压异常,如高血压、低血压和肺动脉高压;
5)心血管疾病或障碍,如:抑制血小板凝聚、新生儿紫绀型心脏病的动脉导管未闭(PGE1)、中风、不稳定心绞痛、周边动脉阻塞疾病以及中风;
6)眼科疾病,如:青光眼(例如:比马前列素眼药溶液,其是合成的前列腺酰胺类似物具有降眼压的活性)、高眼压症、眼科手术后的失明、黄斑囊样水肿和白内障引起的恒温动物视力损坏;
7)性功能障碍,如:勃起功能障碍、手术后的阴茎康复(如:PGE1前列地尔)或女性性功能障碍;
8)骨科疾病,如骨质疏松症、佩吉特氏病和骨骼转移;
9)胃肠疾病;
10)炎症;
11)休克;
12)不育症;
13)刺激头发生长;
14)刺激睫毛生长;
可以用前列腺素的高穿透性组合物或医药组合物治疗的疾病还包括:脑外伤、中风、帮助胚胎植入和早孕、治疗盘状或全身性红斑狼疮和多发性硬化症。
可以用芥子气类的高穿透性组合物或医药组合物治疗的疾病包括牛皮癣和癌症,如良性肿瘤、脑瘤、乳腺癌、结肠-直肠癌、胃癌、口腔癌、肺和其它呼吸系统癌症、皮肤癌、子宫癌、胰脏癌、前列腺癌、生殖器癌、泌尿器官癌、骨髓瘤、白血病或其它血液和淋巴组织癌。
多肽和氨基酸在所有的生命物质中发挥着重要的作用。任何疾病都可以用氨基酸和多肽治疗。可以用多肽的高穿透性组合物或医药组合物治疗的疾病包括但不限于肥胖、疼痛、以及男女性功能障碍。
可以用多肽的高穿透性组合物或医药组合物治疗的疾病还包括阿尔茨海默病。
RNA、DNA、核苷和核苷酸在所有的生命物质中起着各种各样的作用。可以用RNA、DNA、核苷和核苷酸治疗的疾病包括但不限于:癌症、肿瘤、高血压、肥胖、基因疾病或不适(如软骨发育不全、亨丁顿舞蹈症、神经纤维瘤病、马凡氏综合征、遗传性直肠癌和遗传性多发性外生性骨疣)、先天性囊性纤维化、镰形细胞(贫血)症、部分镰形细胞(贫血)症、家族黑蒙性白痴、尼曼匹克病、脊髓性肌肉萎缩症、tett综合症、2-型色素失调症、爱卡第症候群、克兰费尔特综合征、血友病A、进行性假肥大性肌营养不良、红绿色盲、肌肉萎缩症、雄激素性秃发、男性不育症和多毛症、利伯氏遗传性视神经萎缩。
可以用β-内酰胺类抗生素的高穿透性组合物或医药组合物治疗的疾病包括但不限于由微生物应起的感染和耐β-内酰胺类抗生素的微生物应起的感染,如耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)。
类固醇(如孕酮、去氧孕烯、炔雌醇、胆固醇、肾上腺皮质激素及性激素)或某种药用成分的高穿透性组合物能够治疗的疾病包括,但不限于,风湿性关节炎、乳腺癌、前列腺癌及其他癌症、肾上腺机能减退、肾上腺切除术、垂体瘤切除术、类风湿疾病、过敏反应、滑囊炎、自发性低血糖、痛风、口炎性腹泻、过敏溃疡性结肠炎、皮肌炎、结节性动脉周围炎、特发性肺间质纤维化、自发性血小板缺乏紫斑症、节段性回肠炎、女性避孕药和堕胎药、孕酮拮抗剂、节育、后天溶血性贫血、肾变病、肝硬化腹水、神经性皮炎、牛皮癣、肺炎、腹膜炎、伤寒和脑膜炎球菌血症。
可以用格列波脲的高穿透性组合物或医药组合物治疗的疾病包括但不限于:糖尿病(I型和II型)以及相关的疾病。
可以用阿替洛尔的高穿透性组合物或医药组合物治疗的疾病包括但不限于高血压及其相关的疾病。
在某些实施方式中,使用高穿透性组合物治疗疾病的方法包括将高穿透性组合物或医药组合物的治疗有效量用于受试体上。
高穿透性组合物或医药组合物可以用业内熟知的给药方法给与受试物,包括但不限于:口服、肠内给药、口腔给药、鼻子给药、局部给药、直肠给药、阴道给药、喷雾给药、粘膜给药、皮肤给药、透皮贴剂、真皮给药、眼睛给药、肺部给药、皮下给药、和/或肠胃外给药。医药组合物使用的单位剂量根据采用的给药方法而定。
胃肠外给药是特指注射的给药方式,包括但不限于:静脉注射、肌肉注射、动脉注射、鞘内注射、囊内注射、眶内注射、心脏内注射、真皮内注射、腹腔内注射、气管注射、皮下注射、表皮下注射、关节内注射、囊下注射、蛛网膜下注射、脊柱内注射、和/或胸骨内注射和/或输注。
高穿透性组合物或医药组合物可以以制剂的形式或适合相应的给药方式的剂型给生物体给药。在此披露中披露的制剂中有效成分由一种或多种高穿透性组合物,一种或多种制药学允许的载体,和其它任意的治疗有效成分。配方可以以单位剂量的形式出现,可以根据任何制药界知道的方法制备。有效成分可以与载体材料结合组成单一剂量的剂型,有效成分的量取决于治疗的疾病和给药方式。高穿透性组合物可以与载体材料组成一个药物有效剂量。高穿透性组合物的用量一般就是高穿透性组合物治疗有效量。通常,按重量百分比计算,高穿透性组合物的量可以从约0.0001%到约100%,从约0.001%到约99%,从约0.001%到约50%,从约0.01%到约30%,从约0.1%到约10%,从约1%到约50%,从约0.1%到约99.5%,从约0.1%到约50%,从约1%到约30%,从约1%到约10%,从约10%到约70%,从约5%到约20%,从约5%到约10%,以及从约6%到约8%的范围内。
制备制剂或组合物的方法包括包括将高穿透性组合物与一种或多种制药学可接受的载体以及其它一种或多种辅料混合的步骤。一般地,制剂中高穿透性组合物和液体载体、或分散性很好的固体载体、或液体载体和固体载体能均一、紧密地混合,如果需要,还可以成形。
适用于口服给药的剂型有胶囊、囊剂、药丸、片剂、锭剂(用有味道的基底,通常是蔗糖和阿拉伯胶或黄芪胶)、粉末、颗粒剂、或者是水或非水溶液或悬浮液、或者是油包水或水包油的乳剂、或者是酏剂或糖浆、或者是糖果锭剂(适用惰性基质,如白明胶和甘油,或蔗糖或者阿拉伯胶)和/或漱口药及其类似物,每一个都有预定量的高穿透性组合物作为活性成分。化合物也可以以大药丸、干药糖剂或糨糊给药。
口服的固体制剂(如胶囊、片剂、丸剂、糖衣丸、粉末、颗粒等)中,高穿透性组合物与一个或多个制药学允许的载体连接,如柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙,和/或以下物质:(1)填料或者补充剂,例如淀粉,乳糖,蔗糖,葡萄糖,甘露糖醇,和/或硅酸;(2)粘合剂,例如,羧甲基纤维素,藻朊酸盐,明胶,聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,蔗糖,和/或阿拉伯胶;(3)湿润剂,例如丙三醇;(4)分裂剂,例如琼脂,碳酸钙,马铃薯或者木薯淀粉,海藻酸,某些硅酸盐,与碳酸钠,(5)阻滞剂溶液,例如石蜡;(6)加速吸收剂,例如季铵化合物;(7)润湿剂,例如,乙酰醇与单硬脂酸甘油酯;(8)吸收剂,例如高岭土与皂土;(9)润滑剂,例如滑石,硬脂酸钙,硬脂酸镁,固体聚乙二醇,十二烷基硫酸钠,及其混合物;与(10)着色剂。在胶囊剂,片剂与丸剂的情形下,该医药组合物还可以包含缓冲剂。相似类型的固体组合物还可以在使用此种赋形剂如乳糖或者牛乳糖,和高分子量聚乙二醇以及类似物的软和硬填充胶囊中被用作填料。
片剂可以通过压缩或者模制而制造,其任选地具有一种或多种助剂。压片可以用粘合剂(例如明胶或者羟丙基甲基纤维素)、润滑剂、惰性稀释剂、防腐剂、崩解剂(例如淀粉羟基乙酸钠或者交联羧甲基纤维素钠盐)、表面活性成分或者分散剂来制备。模制片可以通过将以惰性液体稀释剂湿润的粉末状多肽或者拟肽类物质在适宜的机床中模制获得。片剂及其他固体剂型,例如糖衣丸,胶囊,丸剂与颗粒剂,可以任选地取得或者制备有涂层与壳,例如肠溶衣和其它在药学领域众所周知的涂层。它们还可以通过配制以对其中使用的HPP/HPC提供缓释或者控释,例如,用变化比例的羟丙基甲基纤维素提供所需释放曲线,其它聚合物基质,脂质体和/或微球。它们可以由下列方式杀菌,例如,通过细菌保留过滤器,或者引入无菌固体组合物形式的杀菌剂,其可以在使用前即时溶解于无菌水中,或者其它的无菌可注射介质中。这些组合物还可以任选包含安抚剂,并可以具有只释放高穿透性组合物,或者优选地,只在胃肠道某一部分以任选的延迟手段释放。可用的嵌入组合物的实例包括聚合物与蜡。高穿透性组合物还可以是微囊剂形式,适当情况可以具有一种或多种上述赋形剂。
口服液体剂型包括制药学允许的乳剂、微乳剂、溶液剂、悬浮剂、糖浆剂和酏剂。除了高穿透性组合物,体液剂型可以含有常用的惰性稀释剂,例如,水或其它溶剂、增溶剂和乳化剂,如乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苯甲醇、苯(甲)酸苄酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、油类(特别,棉籽、花生、玉米、微生物、橄榄、蓖麻油和芝麻油、甘油、四氢糠醇、聚乙二醇和脂肪酸山梨醇酯、以及混合物,除了惰性稀释液外,口服组合物也可以添加佐剂例如:润湿剂、乳化剂和悬浮剂、甜味剂、调味剂、颜料、香料和防腐剂。
悬浮液中除了含有高穿透性组合物外,还可以有其他悬浮剂,如:乙氧基硬脂醇、聚氧乙烯山梨醇、山梨聚糖酯、微晶纤维素、偏氢氧化铝、膨润土、琼脂、黄芪胶及其混合物。
栓剂是一种适用于直肠给药或阴道给药的剂型,其可以通过将一种或多种高穿透性组合物与一种或多种适用的无刺激的赋形剂或载体成分混合而成,所述赋形剂或者载体包括,例如,可可脂,聚乙二醇,栓剂蜡或者水杨酸酯,其在室温下是固体,但是在体温下是液体,因此会在直肠或者阴道内腔中融化并释放该活化剂。适于阴道给药的制剂还包括阴道栓,棉塞,乳剂,凝胶,糊剂,泡沫体或者喷雾剂,其适于包含含此类本领域已知的载体。
高穿透性组合物的局部或者透皮或者表皮或真皮给药制剂包括:粉剂,喷雾,油膏,糊剂,乳剂,洗液,凝胶,溶液,贴剂,和吸入剂。该活性成分可以在无菌条件下与药学上可接受的载体混合,例如水,乙醇,与乙醇溶液,并可以具有可能需要的任何防腐剂,缓冲剂,或者抛射剂。该油膏,糊剂,乳剂与凝胶可以在高穿透性组合物之外包含赋形剂,例如动物与植物油脂,油,蜡,石蜡,淀粉,黄蓍胶,纤维素衍生物,聚乙二醇,硅树脂,皂土,硅酸,滑石与氧化锌,或者其混合物。粉剂与喷雾剂可以在该高穿透性组合物之外包含赋形剂,例如乳糖,滑石,硅酸,氢氧化铝,硅酸钙与聚酰胺粉末,或者这些物质的混合物。喷雾剂可以额外包含常规的抛射剂,例如氯氟代烃,与挥发性非取代烃,例如丁烷与丙烷。
高穿透性组合物或其医药组合物可选择以喷雾给药。这可以通过制备包含该高穿透性组合物的水性气雾剂,脂质体制剂或者固体颗粒而实现。非水性(例如氟烃抛射剂)悬浮液可以使用。音速喷雾器也可以使用。水性气雾剂是通过将该作用剂的水性溶液或者悬浮液和常规的药学上可接受的载体与稳定剂一同配制而获得。该载体与稳定剂根据特定化合物的需要而变化,但是其一般包括非离子型表面活性剂(吐温类,普朗尼克类,或聚乙二醇),无害的蛋白如血清清蛋白,山梨聚糖酯,油酸,卵磷脂,氨基酸如甘氨酸,缓冲液,盐,糖或者糖醇。气雾剂通常由等渗溶液制备。
透皮贴剂也可以用于输送高穿透性组合物至肿瘤位置。此种制剂可以通过将作用剂溶解或者分散在合适的介质中制备。吸收增强剂也可以用于增加跨皮肤的拟肽类物质流动。此种流动的速率既可以通过提供速率控制膜控制,也可以通过将该拟肽类物质分散于聚合物基质或者凝胶众加以控制。
眼科制剂、眼部软膏、粉剂、溶液剂以及其相似物也预期包括在此披露的范围之内。
适用于注射给药的剂型包含高穿透性组合物与一种或多种制药学可接受的无菌等深水溶液或非水溶液、分散剂、混悬剂或乳剂,或可在使用前重构为无菌注射用溶液剂或分散剂的无菌粉剂,其可含有抗氧剂、缓冲剂、抑菌剂、使制剂与注射对象血液保持等渗的溶质、或助悬剂或增稠剂。
在适于注射给药的制剂中可用的水性和非水性载体的实例包括,水、乙醇、多元醇(如,甘油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇、及其相似物),以及其适当的混合物,植物油,如橄榄油、和注射用有机酯类,如油酸乙酯。通过使用包衣材料如卵磷脂,通过在分散剂中保持所需的粒径,以及通过使用表面活性剂,来保持适当的流动性。
适用于注射给药的配制剂还可以添加佐剂,如防腐剂、润湿剂、乳化剂及分散剂。加入各种抗细菌剂和抗真菌剂、能够有效预防微生物,如苯甲酸酯、三氯叔丁醇、苯酚山梨酸等。配制剂中还可能需要加入等渗剂,如糖类、氯化钠等。此外,为了延长药物的吸收时间制剂中可以添加缓释剂(如单硬脂酸铝和明胶),缓释剂可能会延长药物吸收的时间。
可注射的积存制剂可通过形成高穿透性组合物的微囊基质制得或在生物可降解聚合物如聚乳酸-聚乙交酯中形成。药物释放速度的控制可取决于高穿透性组合物与聚合物的比例,以及使用的某特定聚合物的性质。其他生物可降解的聚合物包括:聚(原酸酯)和聚(酸酐)。积存注射用制剂的制备还可通过将高穿透性组合物包封在与身体组织兼容的脂质体或微乳中进行。
在某些实施方式中,治疗有效量的高穿透性组合物或医药组合物可被递送至疾病或肿瘤位点。药物学界公认,给病人施用高穿透性组合物的治疗有效剂量的精确量将产生最佳的治疗效果,该剂量值取决于高穿透性组合物的活性、特殊性质、药代动力学、药效学及生物利用度、机体的生理条件(包括种族、年龄、性别、体重、饮食、疾病类型和阶段、身体一般状况、对药剂和施药方式的反应)、药剂中制药学允许的载体的性能、给药途径和频率以及致病微生物引发的疾病的严重程度或倾向等。但是,以上指导原则可作为对治疗进行精细调节的基础,如,为确定给药的最佳剂量,其所需不超过由监测给对象和调节剂量组成的常规实验。可参考:TheScience and Practice of Pharmacy(Gennaroed.20.sup.thedition,Williams&Wilkins PA,USA)(2000)。
IV.优势
在某些实施方式中,由于在此披露中的高穿透性组合物可以穿过一层或多层生物屏障的能力提高了,因而高穿透性组合物可在发生病症的局部位置给药(如局部给药或透皮给药),避免了系统给药(如口服用药或注射给药)。与母作用剂或母药全身性给药相比,由于HPC的高穿透性能及局部给药方式,使用少量或小剂量的HPC就可达到相同的作用剂或药物的局部浓度;系统给药可能无法达到较高的局部药物浓度水平,即使可以达到的话,也需要提供极大剂量的药物。相比母药的全身性给药,局部给药可以使HPC或其裂解后生成的母药在局部保持较高的浓度,可以更有效或更快速的治疗相应疾病或对于之前未知的疾病或认为不可能治疗的疾病进行治疗。局部给药还可减少生物机体在接受全身给药带来的不适感,如药物全身性暴露带来的不良反应,以及肠胃道/肾副作用。另外,局部给药时,HPC可以穿透多层生物屏障,通过机体循环(如血液循环)抵达患处,从而不需要全身性给药(如注射),且避免了注射给药带来的疼痛。
在某些实施方式中,在此披露中的高穿透性组合物或其医药组合物可通过系统给药(如,口服或注射)。与母药相比,高穿透性组合物或其活性因子(如药剂或代谢物)可以以更快的速度进入血液循环,并到达某症状的作用位点。此外,该高穿透性组合物可以穿透母药单独给药时无法穿透的生物屏障(如血脑屏障),从而可以治疗一些以前不可能治愈或不能治疗的疾病。
在某些实施方式中,在此披露中涉及的NSAIA的高穿透性组合物穿过生物屏障的速度非常快(如分别比非甾体抗炎药本身快>大约20倍,>大约100倍,>大约200倍,>大约300倍)。非甾体抗炎药的高穿透性组合物口服后没有观察到胃肠道出血的现象,而口服相等剂量的非甾体抗炎药则可以观察到胃肠道出血的现象。
在某些实施方式中,在此披露中涉及的前列腺素的高穿透性组合物穿过生物屏障的速度非常快(如分别比前列腺素本身快>大约10倍,>大约50倍,>大约100倍,>大约200倍,>大约300倍,>大约500倍,>大约1,000倍,>大约10,000倍或更高)。被施用前列腺素的高穿透性组合物后没有观察到副作用,而施用相同剂量的前列腺素母药或相关化合物或类似物后观察到了副作用。
在某些实施方式中,在此披露中涉及的芥子气类的高穿透性组合物穿过生物屏障的速度非常快(如分别比芥子气类或芥子气类相关的化合物本身快>大约10倍,>大约50倍,>大约100倍,>大约200倍,>大约300倍,或更高)。芥子气类的高穿透性组合物给药后观察到没有或很少副作用,而给药相等剂量的芥子气类母药后可以观察到副作用(如:恶心、脱发并且增加传染病的敏感性)。
在某些实施方式中,在此披露中涉及的多肽高穿透性组合物穿过生物屏障的速度非常快(如分别比多肽或多肽相关的化合物本身快>大约10倍,>大约50倍,>大约100倍,>大约200倍,>大约500倍,>大约1,000倍,>大约10,000倍或更高)。多肽的高穿透性组合物给药后没有或很少观察到副作用,而多肽或多肽相关化合物单独给相等剂量的药后可以观察到副作用(如:恶心、增加传染病的敏感性)。
在某些实施方式中,在此披露中涉及的β-内酰胺类抗生素的高穿透性组合物穿过生物屏障的速度很快(如比β-内酰胺类抗生素或β-内酰胺类抗生素相关的化合物单独给药时快了>大约10倍,>大约50倍,>大约100倍,>大约200倍,>大约300倍,>大约1,000倍)。给药β-内酰胺类抗生素的高穿透性组合物时,没有或很少观察到副作用,而使用相同剂量的β-内酰胺类抗生素的母药时,观察到了副反应。
在某些实施方式中,与母药相比,高穿透性组合物在更低的剂量时就有治疗效果。在某些实施方式中,高穿透性组合物只要母药使用剂量的约50%或更低就有治疗效果。在某些实施方式中,高穿透性组合物只要母药使用剂量的约25%或更低就有治疗效果。在某些实施方式中,高穿透性组合物只要母药使用剂量的约10%或更低就有治疗效果。在某些实施方式中,高穿透性组合物只要母药使用剂量的约5%或更低的剂量就有治疗效果。在某些实施方式中,高穿透性组合物只要母药使用剂量的约25%或更低就有治疗效果。在某些实施方式中,高穿透性组合物只要母药使用剂量的约2%或更低就有治疗效果。在某些实施方式中,高穿透性组合物只要母药使用剂量的约1%或更低就有治疗效果。在某些实施方式中,高穿透性组合物只要母药使用剂量的约0.1%或更低就有治疗效果。
具体实施方式
以下实施例旨在更好地说明所要求的发明,而不应以任何方式解释为对本发明的限制。所有以下所述的具体组合物、原料和方法,其全部或部分都包括在本发明的范围之内。这些具体组合物、原料和方法不应限制本发明,仅为说明在本发明范围内的具体实施例。本领域技术人员无需创造性劳动且不离开本发明范围的前提下,可开发出等同组合物、材料和方法。应理解,可使用在此披露中描述的方法作出多种变动但仍包括在本发明的界限之内。这样的变动包括在发明人的发明范围内。
实施例1:由母药制备高穿透性组合物
由至少含有一个羧基的母药制备高穿透性组合物。
在某些实施方式中,结构式F1-OH所表示的母体药物可以转变成结构式L-1所表示的高穿透性组合物:
F1-L2-T
结构式L-1
包括其立体异构物及制药学可接受的盐,其中T被定义为与0076段落中的T一致。
在某些实施方式中,结构式L-1(F1-L2-T)所表示的高穿透性组合物由结构式F1-Wa所表示的母体化合物或其衍生物(如母药的酰卤、混合酸酐等)与图1中结构式T-L2-H所表示的化合物通过有机合成反应制备,其中:Wa选自OH、卤素、烷基羰氧基、芳基羰氧基、烷氧基羰氧基和芳氧基羰氧基;T被定义为与0076段落中的T一致:
T-L2-H+F1-Wa+碱→F1-L2-T+碱+HWa
方案1.由母体化合物制备高穿透性组合物
在某些实施方式中,结构式L-1所表示的高穿透性组合物由结构式F-O-Ba+所表示的母体化合物的盐或母体化合物的衍生物(如钠盐、钾盐、三议案盐或树脂固定化的有机或无机碱的盐等)与图2中结构式T-L2-Wb.HWb所表示的化合物通过有机合成反应制得,其中Wb选自对甲苯磺酰基、卤素、烷羰基、烷氧羰基和芳氧羰基;T被定义为与0076段落中的T一致:
F1-O-Ba++T-L2-Wb.HWb→F1-L2-T+HWb+BaWb
方案2.由母药制备高穿透性组合物
N,N-二乙基氨基乙基9-顺式维甲酸酯溴化氢盐
30g(0.1mol)9-顺式维甲酸溶解于100ml乙腈。将26.1g(0.1mol)2-溴-2-N,N-二乙基乙胺溴化氢加入至反应混合物中。反应混合物室温搅拌过夜。过滤除去溶剂。将200ml乙醇加入至混合溶液中,过滤除去固体。蒸干混合溶液。100ml乙酸乙酯加入至反应混合物中。再加入己烷(100ml)。过滤收集固体产物。干燥后,得到36g目标产品(产率75%)。易吸湿固体;水中的溶解性:30mg/ml;元素分析:C26H42BrNO2;分子量:480.52;理论值:C:64.99;H:8.81;Br:16.63;N:2.91:O:6.66;实测值(%)C:65.03;H:8.80;Br:16.60;N:2.89;O:6.68。
由至少含有一个羟基或氨基的母体化合物制备高穿透性组合物
在某些实施方式中,由结构式F2-H所表示的母体化合物合成结构式L-2所表示的高穿透性组合物:
F2-L4-L2-T
结构式L-2
包括其立体异构物以及制药学可接受的盐,其中,T被定义为与第0076段落中的T一致。
在某些实施方式中,如图3中结构式L-2(F2-L4-L2-T)所表示的高穿透性组合物由结构式F2-H所表示的母体化合物(如醇或胺)与结构式T-L2-L4-Wc所表示的化合物通过有机反应得到,其中Wc选自OH、卤素、烷基羰氧基、芳基羰氧基、烷氧基羰氧基和芳氧基羰氧基:T被定义为与段落0076中的T一致。
T-L2-L4-Wc+F2-H+碱→F2-L4-L2-T+碱+HWc
方案2.由母药制备高穿透性组合物
视黄基N,N-二甲基-2-氨基乙酯·盐酸盐的制备
28.6克(0.1mol)视黄醇溶解在300ml乙腈中。将25ml三乙胺加入至反应混合物中。再将16克N,N-二乙基氨基乙酰氯盐酸盐加入到反应混合物中。反应混合物室温搅拌5小时。过滤除去固体。溶液蒸干。将500ml乙酸乙酯加入到剩余的固体中。再搅拌加入200ml 5%碳酸钠水溶液。收集有机溶液,并用蒸馏水洗。干燥后,得到31克目标产物(产率为75.5%),易吸湿固体。元素分析:C H ClNO;分子量:408.02;理论值%C:70.65;H:9.39;Cl:8.69;N:3.43;O:7.84;实测值%C:0.60;H:9.46;Cl:8.71;N:3.42;O:7.81。
由含有氨基和羧基的母体化合物制备高穿透性组合物
在某些实施方式中,结构式F3-OH所表示的母体化合物制成结构式L-3所表示的高穿透性组合物:
F3-L2-R
结构式L-3
包括其立体异构物及其制药学可接受的盐。
在某些实施方式中,图-4中结构式L-3(F3-L2-R)所表示的高穿透性组合物是由结构式F3-Wd所表示的母体化合物(如母体化合物的酰卤或混合酸酐等)与结构式R-L2-H所表示的化合物(如醇或胺)通过有机合成反应制备,其中Wd选自羟基、卤素、烷基羰氧基、芳基羰氧基、烷氧基羰氧基和芳氧基羰氧基:
R-L2-H+F3-Wd+碱/酸→F3-L2-R+碱/酸+HWd
方案4.由母药制备高穿透性组合物
3-氟-L-苯丙氨酸异丙酯盐酸盐的制备
将18.3克(0.1mol)3-氟-L-苯丙氨酸悬浮在150ml异丙醇中。25克对甲苯磺酸一水合物和100ml苯被加入至混合物中。混合物回流至不再产生水(可以加入新鲜的苯和异丙醇)。冷却至室温后,加入500ml乙酸乙酯和5%的碳酸氢钠水溶液(600ml)在搅拌下加入至反应混合物中。收集乙酸乙酯层,并用5%的碳酸氢钠水溶液(1x200ml)和蒸馏水(3x100ml)洗。乙酸乙酯溶液用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤除去无水硫酸钠并用乙酸乙酯洗。蒸干溶液。将100ml通了4克HCl气体的乙酸乙酯溶液加入到蒸干的固体中。过滤收集固体,并用乙酸乙酯洗。干燥后得到23克目标产物(87.9%)。元素分析:C12H17ClFNO2;MW:261.73;计算值(%)C:55.07;H:6.55;Cl:13.54;F:7.26;N:5.35;O:2.23;实测值(%):C:55.02;H:6.57;Cl:13.57;F:7.24;N:5.33;O:12.27。
由带有羰基如酮或醛类的母药制备高穿透性组合物
在其它实施方式中,母药具有羰基如酮类或醛类,母药通过亚胺键、肟键或腙键与传输单元(T)连接。
在某些实施方式中,结构式F4=O所表示的母体化合物可以制备结构式L-4所表示的高穿透性组合物
F4=L41-T
结构式L-4
包括其立体异构物以及制药学可接受的盐,其中L41被定义为与0041段落中的一致;T被定义为与0076段落中的一致;
在某些实施方式中,结构式L-4(F4=L41-T)所表示的高穿透性组合物可以由结构式F4=O(如醛或酮)与图5中的结构式H2-L1-T所表示的化合物反应得到,其中,T被定义为与0076段落中的T一致。
T-L1-H2+F4=O=F4=L1-T+H2O
方案5.由母药制备高穿透性组合物
N-二乙基氨基乙基孕酮亚胺·醋酸盐的制备
11.7g N,N-二乙基乙二胺,8g乙酸和31.5g孕酮溶解在500ml甲苯中。反应混和物回流除去水。水蒸干后,将溶液蒸干,得到40g N-二乙基氨基乙基孕酮亚胺乙酸盐(产率85%)。C29H48N2O3。元素分析:C29H48N2O3;分子量:472.71;理论值%C:73.68;H:10.23;N:5.93;O:10.15;实测值%C:73.62;H:10.27;N:5.91;O:10.28。
N-(N,N-二甲氨基氨基丙氧基孕酮亚胺·醋酸盐的制备
13.2g N-(N’,N’-二甲氨基丙氧基)氨基·乙酸[(CH3)2NCH2CH2COONH2·CH3COOH]和31.5g孕酮溶解在200ml乙腈中。反应混和溶液中加入100g干燥的分子筛,反应混合物室温搅拌过夜。过滤除去分子筛,溶液蒸干。得到42g N-(N,N-二甲氨基氨基丙氧基孕酮亚胺·醋酸盐(产率:85.9%)。元素分析:C28H44N2O5;分子量:488.66;理论值%C:68.82;H:9.07;N:5.73;O:16.37;实测值%C:68.78;H:9.09;N:5.71;O:16.42。
N-(4-N,N-二乙基氨基乙氧羰基)苯基孕酮亚胺盐酸盐的制备
25g 4-氨基苯甲酸N,N-二乙基氨基乙酯盐酸盐[4-(CH3CH2)2NCH2CH2OCOC6H4NH2.HCl]和31.5g孕酮溶解在200ml乙腈中。将100g干燥的分子筛加入反应混和物中。反应混和物室温搅拌过夜。过滤除去分子筛,溶液蒸干。得到48g N-(4-N,N-二乙基氨基乙氧羰基)苯基孕酮亚胺盐酸盐(产率:84%);元素分析:C34H49ClN2O3;分子量:569.22;理论值%C:71.74;H:8.68;N:4.92;O:8.43;Cl;6.23;实测值%C:71.70;H:8.70;N:4.89;O:8.46;Cl:6.25。
实施例2.能够穿透生物屏障的高穿透性组合物
高穿透性组合物穿透人的皮肤的速度是通过改进了的Franz池体外检测的。Franz池带有两个室,顶部样品室和底部接收室。分离顶部和接收室的人类皮肤组织(厚360-400μm)是从大腿的前部区域和后部区域上分离获得的。
测试化合物是N-乙酰基-3-(3,4-二乙酰氧基-苯基-L-丙氨酸二乙基氨基乙酯盐酸盐(A)、二乙基氨基丙基N-乙酰基-D-3,5,3’,5’-四碘甲腺原氨酸盐酸盐(B)、1-哌啶乙基-2[4-(4-氯苯甲酰)苯氧基-2-甲基-丙酸盐酸盐(C)、5-(2,5-二甲基苯氧基)-2,2-二甲基戊酸3-哌啶甲酯盐酸盐(D)、(S)-3-(苯甲酰氨基甲基)-5-甲基己酸二乙基氨基乙酯盐酸盐(E)、N-乙酰基-3-(3,4-二乙酰氧基-苯基-L-丙氨酸(F)钠盐、N-乙酰基-D-3,5,3’,5’-四碘甲腺原氨酸钠盐(G)、2[4-(4-氯苯甲酰)苯氧基-2-甲基-丙酸钠盐(H)、5-(2,5-二甲基苯氧基)-2,2-二甲基戊酸钠盐(I)、以及(S)-3-(苯甲酰氨基甲基)-5-甲基己酸钠盐(J)。
测试化合物配制成10%的水溶液。用高效液相色谱检测高穿透性组合物或它们的母药穿过皮肤的量。结果如图8所示,高穿透性组合物及其它们相应母药的表观通量值见表2所示。
表2.高穿透性组合物及其它们的母药的体外穿透速度
结果显示高穿透性组合物穿过人体皮肤的速度比相应的母药快了400倍。
实施例3:高穿透性组合物透皮给药后,母药及相关化合物在体内的分布情况。
在这个例子中布洛芬的高穿透性组合物是二乙基氨基乙基2-(对异丁基苯基)丙酸酯柠檬酸盐。在体内高穿透性组合物很快的转变成其母药,因此检测的浓度是母药及其相关化合物的浓度。
3.1布洛芬的高穿透性组合物透皮给药后,检测大鼠体内母药和相关化合物的分布
0.3mmol/kg的布洛芬高穿透性组合物(10%的水溶液)涂在雄性大鼠预先剃毛的背部(10cm2)。表3是给药2小时后布洛芬和二乙基氨基乙基2-(对异丁基苯基)丙酸盐酸盐(布洛胺)在大鼠器官中的分布。
表3.1大鼠器官中布洛芬和布洛胺的分布
3.2布洛芬的高穿透性组合物通过透皮给药的方式可以将母药布洛芬及其相关化合物分散到兔子的各个器官
按0.3mol/Kg的剂量将布洛芬的高穿透性组合物(配制成10%水溶液)外用于雌兔(2.5-3.0Kg)背部剃毛(30cm2)处。表3.2记录的是用药2小时后兔子器官中布洛芬和布洛胺的含量。
表3.2兔子器官中布洛芬和布洛胺的分布
结果显示:高穿透性组合物可以穿过生物屏障到达前列腺、软骨垫、睾丸、髓鞘和其它器官。而且对于生物体,用高穿透性组合物来治疗关节炎、前列腺炎和前列腺扩大纤维化、其它诸如与髓鞘炎有关的肌肉疾病等是十分有效地。
实例4:高穿透性组合物可以穿过血-奶屏障、血-脑屏障、血-脑脊液屏障屏障、血-滑液(SF)屏障
在体内高穿透性组合物很快的转变成其母药,因此检测的浓度是母药及其相关化合物的浓度。
4.1布洛芬的高穿透性组合物通过透皮给药的方式可以将母药布洛芬及其相关化合物分散到羊奶中。
按0.3mmol/Kg的剂量将二乙基氨基乙基-2-(对异丁基苯基)丙酸酯柠檬酸盐(配制成10%水溶液)外用于母羊背部约100cm2处。用药2小时后,羊奶中检测到有30±8nmol/ml的布洛芬及5±3nmol/ml布洛胺。结果显示:高穿透性组合物可以穿过奶-血屏障。
4.2:高穿透性组合物及其母药能否穿过大鼠血-脑屏障的研究
20只雄性大鼠分成4组,每组5只。按0.5mmol/kg的剂量给大鼠肌肉注射(浓度20%,溶于70%酒精溶液)或透皮给药(背部剃毛处,浓度10%,溶于70%酒精溶液,大鼠背部约10cm2剃毛处)二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐,按0.5mmol/kg的剂量给大鼠肌肉注射(浓度20%,溶于70%酒精溶液)或透皮给药(背部剃毛处,浓度10%,溶于70%酒精溶液,大鼠背部约10cm2剃毛处)阿司匹林。用药后30分钟、60分钟、120分钟、240分钟、480分钟分别切下大鼠的头,用Krebs-Henseleit缓冲液灌注(肝素钠,pH7.4)(10ml/min)除去血。加入3-5ml甲醇后,用均质机将脑组织均质(转速30,000rpm,2分钟)。混合液用离心机离心5分钟(转速:1600rpm)。收集上清液(2ml)并蒸干。稀释至适当浓度后用液相色谱-质谱/质谱联用法测定水杨酸的含量,见表4.2a。结果显示:阿司匹林的高穿透性组合物能够有效穿过血-脑屏障,阿司匹林不可以。
表4.2a大鼠脑组织中水杨酸含量
20只雄性大鼠分成4组,每组5只。按0.3mmol/kg的剂量给大鼠肌肉注射(浓度20%,溶于70%酒精溶液)或透皮给药(背部剃毛处,浓度10%,溶于70%酒精溶液,大鼠背部约10cm2剃毛处)二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐,按0.5mmol/kg的剂量给大鼠肌肉注射(浓度20%,溶于70%酒精溶液)或透皮给药(背部剃毛处,浓度10%,溶于70%酒精溶液,大鼠背部约10cm2剃毛处)阿司匹林。用药后1小时、8小时、18小时分别杀死大鼠,分别取1ml血和脑。分别加入3-5ml甲醇后,用均质机将血和脑组织(整个脑组织用pH7.4磷酸缓冲溶液洗3次)均质(转速30,000rpm,2分钟)。用液相色谱-质谱/质谱连用法测定血、脑中水杨酸的含量。结果见表4.2b。使用阿司匹林1小时后,大部分阿司匹林仍停留在血液系统中;然而比阿司匹林快的多的是:使用阿司匹林的高穿透性组合物1小时后,药物已分散到其它组织。结果显示:阿司匹林的高穿透性组合物能够有效穿过血-脑屏障,阿司匹林不可以。
表4.2b:大鼠血和脑中水杨酸的含量
按0.3mmol/kg的剂量给雄性大鼠肌肉注射(浓度20%,70%酒精溶液)或透皮给药(背部剃毛处,浓度10%,70%酒精溶液)二乙基氨基乙基-2-(对异丁基苯基)丙酸酯盐酸盐,按0.3mmol/kg的剂量给大鼠肌肉注射(浓度20%,70%酒精溶液)或透皮给药(浓度10%,70%酒精溶液)2-(对异丁基苯基)丙酸(布洛芬)。用药后1小时、8小时、18小时杀掉老鼠,分别取1ml血和脑。分别加入3-5ml甲醇后,用均质机将血和脑组织(整个脑组织用pH7.4磷酸缓冲溶液洗3次)均质(转速30,000rpm,2分钟)。用液相色谱-质谱/质谱连用法测定血、脑中布洛芬的含量。结果见表4.2C。使用布洛芬1小时后,大部分布洛芬还停留在血液中,而布洛芬的高穿透性组合物比布洛芬更快的分散到其它组织中。另外,结果显示布洛芬的高穿透性组合物可以有效穿过血脑屏障,但布洛芬不可以。
表4.2C:大鼠血和脑中布洛芬的含量
4.3高穿透性组合物穿透大鼠血-脑脊液屏障
27只雄性大鼠分成4组,每组7只。按0.3mmol/kg的剂量给大鼠肌肉注射(浓度20%,70%酒精溶液)或透皮给药(浓度10%,70%酒精溶液,背部剃毛处,10cm2)二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐,按0.3mmol/kg的剂量给大鼠肌肉注射(浓度20%,70%酒精溶液)或透皮给药(浓度10%,70%酒精溶液,背部剃毛处,10cm2)阿司匹林。用药后1小时、8小时、18小时分别杀掉老鼠,取脑脊液(CSF)。测定大鼠脑脊液中水杨酸的含量,结果见表4.3。结果显示:阿司匹林的高穿透性组合物可以有效穿过血-脑脊液屏障,但阿司匹林不可以。
表4.3:大鼠脑脊液(CSF)中水杨酸的含量
4.4:高穿透性组合物穿过比格猎犬血-滑液(SF)屏障
12只雄性比格猎犬分成4组,每组3只。按0.3mmol/kg的剂量给雄性比格猎犬肌肉注射(浓度20%,70%酒精溶液)或透皮给药(浓度10%,70%酒精溶液,背部剃毛处,100cm2)二乙基氨基乙基-2-(对异丁基苯基)丙酸酯盐酸盐,按0.3mmol/kg的剂量给雄性比格猎犬肌肉注射(浓度20%,70%酒精溶液)或透皮给药(浓度10%,70%酒精溶液,背部剃毛处,100cm2)2-(对异丁基苯基)丙酸(布洛芬)。用药后1小时、8小时、18小时分别取滑液(CF),测定比格猎犬滑液中布洛芬的含量,结果见表4.4a。结果显示:布洛芬的高穿透性组合物可以有效穿过血-滑液屏障,但布洛芬不可以。
表4.4a:比格猎犬滑液中布洛芬的含量
用药18小时后,杀掉比格猎犬,分别取出所有的关节软骨组织,用pH7.4缓冲溶液洗3次,加入甲醇后用均质机将关节软骨组织分散(转速30,000rpm,5分钟)。用液相色谱-质谱/质谱连用法测定比格猎犬关节软骨中的布洛芬含量,结果见表4.4b。
表4.4b:比格猎犬软骨组织中的布洛芬含量
实例5:高穿透性组合物穿过大鼠皮肤、脑及其它器官的荧光显微法研究
进行荧光显微法研究时,将30mg 5-二甲基氨基-1-萘磺酸或其高穿透性组合物N-2-二乙基氨基乙基-5-二甲基氨基-1-萘磺胺盐酸盐溶解于0.5ml75%酒精,把溶液涂于大鼠背部3x3cm剃毛处。分别在用药15分钟、3小时后,杀掉大鼠,分别取出大鼠器官(脑、肝脏、肌肉),冷冻。冷冻后的组织切片,用苏木素-伊红染色法(H&E)将其染色。结果见图9中的图1-9。
结果显示大鼠背部透皮给药30mg N-2-二乙基氨基乙基-5-二甲基氨基-1-萘磺胺盐酸盐(溶于0.5ml 70%酒精)仅仅15分钟后,大量荧光化合物已经穿过大鼠脑、肌肉和肝脏;而透皮给药30mg 5-二甲基氨基-1-萘磺酸(溶于0.5ml 70%酒精)3小时后,没有荧光化合物穿过大鼠脑、肌肉或肝脏。高穿透性组合物显示了比它们母药更能穿透皮肤、血-脑或其它生物屏障。
实例6:不通过全身循环系统,含有高穿透性组合物的组合物透皮给药后也可将高穿透性组合物及其相关化合物分散到身体各处。
二氧化碳杀死大鼠后,按0.3mmol/kg的剂量在大鼠背部10cm2处透皮给药二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐。死鼠摇动5小时后,测定其器官中高穿透性组合物及母药的含量。结果(表6)显示:不依靠全身循环系统的情况下,高穿透性组合物仅仅是通过细胞间隙液和胞内液就可以分散到生物体的整个身体。
表6:二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯及其代谢物在用二氧化碳杀死的大鼠体内的分散情况(活体中,高穿透性组合物很快就会变回母药,所以浓度就是母药的浓度)
实例7:透皮给药或口服布洛芬或者阿司匹林的高穿透性组合物比使用其等剂量的母药更具退热作用
结果显示:高穿透性组合物可以十分有效的穿透皮肤、血-脑屏障、血-奶屏障及其它生物屏障。药物的膜穿透速度被提高了几百倍,大大提高了药理作用和临床反应,同时能大大降低药物剂量、减少副作用、提供新的适应症。
研究A:大鼠接受灭活大肠杆菌悬浮液作为致热原。2小时后,分别使用以下药物:布洛芬(100mg/kg,口服,B组),二乙基氨基乙基-2-(对异丁基苯基)丙酸酯盐酸盐(布洛芬的高穿透性组合物,100mg/kg,口服,C组),布洛芬(50mg/kg,口服,D组),二乙基氨基乙基-2-(对异丁基苯基)丙酸酯盐酸盐(50mg/kg,口服,E组),布洛芬(20mg/kg,口服,F组),二乙基氨基乙基-2-(对异丁基苯基)丙酸酯盐酸盐(20mg/kg,口服,G组),布洛芬(100mg/kg,透皮给药,H组),二乙基氨基乙基-2-(对异丁基苯基)丙酸酯盐酸盐(100mg/kg,透皮给药,I组),布洛芬(50mg/kg,透皮给药,J组),二乙基氨基乙基-2-(对异丁基苯基)丙酸酯盐酸盐(50mg/kg,透皮给药,K组),布洛芬(20mg/kg,透皮给药,L组),二乙基氨基乙基-2-(对异丁基苯基)丙酸酯盐酸盐(20mg/kg,透皮给药,M组),A组为对照组。测试化合物给药前后每隔90分钟给大鼠测体温,结果见表7a。
表7a:布洛芬及其高穿透性组合物的退热作用
化合物 | 0分钟 | 90分钟 | 180分钟 | 270分钟 |
A(对照组) | 37.5±0.4 | 37.7±0.3 | 37.8±0.4 | 37.9±0.3 |
B(100mg/kg,口服) | 37.5±0.3 | 37.4±0.4 | 36.8±0.3 | 36.7±0.3 |
C(100mg/kg,口服) | 37.5±0.4 | 36.5±0.3 | 36.4±0.3 | 36.4±0.2 |
D(50mg/kg,口服) | 37.5±0.4 | 37.6±0.3 | 37.2±0.3 | 37.1±0.3 |
E(50mg/kg,口服) | 37.6±0.3 | 36.6±0.3 | 36.5±0.3 | 36.4±0.2 |
F(20mg/kg,口服) | 37.5±0.2 | 37.6±0.3 | 37.5±0.3 | 37.4±0.3 |
G(20mg/kg,口服) | 37.6±0.3 | 37.1±0.3 | 36.9±0.3 | 36.8±0.2 |
H(100mg/kg,透皮给药) | 37.6±0.4 | 37.9±0.4 | 37.8±0.3 | 37.8±0.2 |
I(100mg/kg,透皮给药) | 37.5±0.3 | 36.5±0.2 | 36.4±0.3 | 36.5±0.2 |
J(50mg/kg,透皮给药) | 37.6±0.3 | 37.8±0.3 | 37.9±0.3 | 38.1±0.3 |
K(50mg/kg,透皮给药) | 37.5±0.4 | 36.5±0.3 | 36.4±0.3 | 36.5±0.2 |
L(20mg/kg,透皮给药) | 37.5±0.3 | 37.5±0.5 | 37.8±0.4 | 37.9±0.3 |
M(20mg/kg,透皮给药) | 37.6±0.2 | 36.7±0.4 | 36.6±0.5 | 36.5±0.3 |
结果显示:高穿透性组合物比及母药布洛芬具有更好的退热作用。按20mg/kg的剂量口服布洛芬的高穿透性组合物(相当于12mg/kg布洛芬)与按100mg/kg的剂量口服布洛芬的效果是一样的;由于布洛芬不可以穿过皮肤,它透皮给药时没有任何退热作用;布洛芬的高穿透性组合物透皮给药时的退热作用比口服时更好。
研究B:大鼠接受灭活大肠杆菌悬浮液作为致热原。2小时后,分别使用以下药物:阿司匹林(100mg/kg,口服,B组),二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐(阿司匹林的高穿透性组合物,100mg/kg,口服,C组),阿司匹林(50mg/kg,口服,D组),二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐(50mg/kg,口服,E组),阿司匹林(20mg/kg,口服,F组),二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐(20mg/kg,口服,G组),阿司匹林(100mg/kg,透皮给药,H组),二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐(100mg/kg,透皮给药,I组),阿司匹林(50mg/kg,透皮给药,J组),二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐(50mg/kg,透皮给药,K组),阿司匹林(20mg/kg,透皮给药,L组),二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐(20mg/kg,透皮给药,M组),A组为对照组。测试化合物给药前后每隔90分钟给大鼠测体温,结果见表7b。
表7b:阿司匹林及其高穿透性组合物的退热作用
化合物 | 0分钟 | 90分钟 | 180分钟 | 270分钟 |
A(对照组) | 37.4±0.5 | 37.8±0.3 | 37.7±0.4 | 37.9±0.4 |
B(100mg/kg,口服) | 37.5±0.2 | 37.3±0.4 | 36.7±0.3 | 36.8±0.4 |
C(100mg/kg,口服) | 37.6±0.4 | 36.6±0.4 | 36.5±0.3 | 36.4±0.3 |
D(50mg/kg,口服) | 37.5±0.3 | 37.7±0.3 | 37.1±0.3 | 37.0±0.4 |
E(50mg/kg,口服) | 37.6±0.3 | 36.7±0.3 | 36.5±0.2 | 36.4±0.3 |
F(20mg/kg,口服) | 37.5±0.2 | 37.7±0.3 | 37.4±0.3 | 37.4±0.4 |
G(20mg/kg,口服) | 37.6±0.3 | 37.1±0.4 | 36.8±0.2 | 36.5±0.3 |
H(100mg/kg,透皮给药) | 37.6±0.3 | 37.9±0.3 | 37.8±0.4 | 37.7±0.5 |
I(100mg/kg,透皮给药) | 37.5±0.3 | 36.5±0.2 | 36.3±0.3 | 36.4±0.2 |
J(50mg/kg,透皮给药) | 37.6±0.3 | 37.8±0.4 | 37.7±0.4 | 38.0±0.3 |
K(50mg/kg,透皮给药) | 37.5±0.4 | 36.7±0.2 | 36.4±0.2 | 36.4±0.2 |
L(20mg/kg,透皮给药) | 37.6±0.2 | 37.6±0.5 | 37.8±0.3 | 37.9±0.3 |
M(20mg/kg,透皮给药 | 37.6±0.2 | 36.5±0.4 | 36.4±0.3 | 36.5±0.2 |
结果显示:按20mg/kg的剂量口服阿司匹林的高穿透性组合物(相当于11.4mg/kg阿司匹林)与按100mg/kg的剂量口服阿司匹林的效果是一样的;由于阿司匹林不可以穿过皮肤,它透皮给药时没有任何退热作用;阿司匹林的高穿透性组合物透皮给药时的退热作用比口服时更好。
实例8:透皮给药或口服布洛芬的高穿透性组合物比其母药布洛芬更具抗炎作用
在大鼠爪子的肉垫上按不同的剂量透皮给药二乙基氨基乙基-2-(对异丁基苯基)丙酸酯柠檬酸盐水溶液:C组透皮给药(2mg/kg高穿透性组合物),D组透皮给药(5mg/kg高穿透性组合物),E组透皮给药(10mg/kg高穿透性组合物),F组透皮给药(20mg/kg高穿透性组合物),B组口服布洛芬(100mg/kg),G组口服(100mg/kg高穿透性组合物),H组口服(50mg/kg高穿透性组合物)。1小时后,把0.05ml角菜胶溶液注射到大鼠爪子的肉垫下。再1小时后,分别在大鼠爪子的肉垫上再按C组(2mg/kg高穿透性组合物),D组(5mg/kg高穿透性组合物),E组(10mg/kg高穿透性组合物),F组(20mg/kg高穿透性组合物)的剂量透皮给药二乙基氨基乙基-2-(对异丁基苯基)丙酸酯柠檬酸盐水溶液。
每隔1小时测量一次大鼠后爪的体积。计算大鼠后爪的肿胀率(%),结果见图10。
20mg/kg剂量(2x10mg)二乙基氨基乙基-2-(对异丁基苯基)丙酸酯柠檬酸盐(分子量:497.5,透皮给药)[相当于8mg/kg布洛芬(分子量:206.2)]、50mg/kg剂量(2x10mg)二乙基氨基乙基-2-(对异丁基苯基)丙酸酯柠檬酸盐(口服)[相当于20mg/kg布洛芬]的抗炎效果远远强于100mg/kg布洛芬(口服)。其它动物模型中也能得到相似的结果。
透皮给药或口服含有布洛芬高穿透性组合物的组合物,比其母药布洛芬的抗炎效果强5倍。
实例9:阿司匹林的高穿透性组合物比阿司匹林更具治疗糖尿病的活性
在II型糖尿病大鼠[SLAC/GK(Goto and Kakisaki)]模型中使用二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐,研究阿司匹林及其高穿透性组合物降血糖作用。取40只GK大鼠分成8组,每组5只,分别按300mg/kg,200mg/kg,100mg/kg和50mg/kg的剂量给GK大鼠口服阿司匹林和二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐(阿司匹林的高穿透性组合物)。另取30只GK大鼠分成6组,每组5只,分别按100mg/kg,50mg/kg和30mg/kg的剂量(先按10%的浓度溶解于70%酒精)在GK大鼠背部约7cm2剃毛处透皮给药阿司匹林和二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐。每天用药1次,持续6周。从第3周开始至第6周,每周测量3次血糖值(不禁食),结果见表9。
表9:阿司匹林和二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐对GK大鼠(12-14周)的抗糖尿病作用(II型糖尿病)
结果显示:口服阿司匹林的高穿透性组合物比阿司匹林更有抗糖尿病作用(至少5倍);阿司匹林透皮给药时不能治疗糖尿病;透皮给药阿司匹林的高穿透性组合物比口服更有效。
实例10:非甾体类抗炎药的高穿透性组合物治疗II型糖尿病的活性
在此披露中涉及的高穿透性组合物用于大鼠模型(SLAC/GK,II型糖尿病,n=7)可以降低血糖值。按30mg/kg的剂量分别将8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐溶液(P-1,溶于25%酒精)、4-乙酰氨基苯基水杨酰基二甲氨基丁酯盐酸盐溶液(P-6,溶于25%酒精)、二乙基氨基乙基5-(2,4-二氟苯基)乙酰水杨酸酯.5-(2,4-二氟苯基)乙酰水杨盐溶液(P-8,溶于25%酒梢)、二乙基氨基乙基二聚水杨酸酯盐酸盐溶液(P-9,溶于25%酒精)、二乙基氨基乙基水杨酸酯醋酸盐溶液(P-10,溶于25%酒精)、二乙基氨基乙基5-乙酰氨基-乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐溶液(P-58,溶于25%酒精)、二乙基氨基乙基乙酰二聚水杨酸酯盐酸盐溶液(P-59,溶于25%酒精)、二乙基氨基乙基乙酰三聚水杨酸酯盐酸盐溶液(P-60,溶于25%酒精)透皮给药于GK大鼠背部约6cm2剃毛处(SLAC/GK,14-16周),每天一次(早上8点),连续6周。
从第3周到第6周在下午4:30测量血糖值,每三天测一次(不禁食)。结果见表10.所示。在第五周末测量大鼠的血脂值,结果见表10a和10b。结果显示结果说明:非甾体消炎药的高穿透性组合物对降低患糖尿病大鼠的血糖值非常有效,并且不影响正常大鼠的血糖值。最有趣的是,在停药40天后大鼠的血糖值仍能停留在正常水平(6-9mmol/L,不禁食)。这意味着前药不仅可以降低血糖值,还可以治愈糖尿病。
表10a:非甾体消炎药的高穿透性组合物治疗II型糖尿病的活性
表10b:非甾体消炎药的高穿透性组合物治疗II型糖尿病的活性
在此披露中涉及的高穿透性组合物用于小鼠模型(SLAC/DB/DB,胖鼠n=7)可以降血脂。按30mg/kg的剂量分别将8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐溶液(P-1,溶于25%酒精)、4-乙酰氨基苯基水杨酰基二甲氨基丁酯盐酸盐溶液(P-6,溶于25%酒精)、二乙基氨基乙基5-(2,4-二氟苯基)乙酰水杨酸酯.5-(2,4-二氟苯基)乙酰水杨盐溶液(P-8,溶于25%酒精)、二乙基氨基乙基二聚水杨酸酯盐酸盐溶液(P-9,溶于25%酒精)、二乙基氨基乙基水杨酸酯醋酸盐溶液(P-10,溶于25%酒精)、二乙基氨基乙基5-乙酰氨基-乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐溶液(P-58,溶于25%酒精)、二乙基氨基乙基乙酰二聚水杨酸酯盐酸盐溶液(P-59,溶于25%酒精)、二乙基氨基乙基乙酰三聚水杨酸酯盐酸盐溶液(P-60,溶于25%酒精)透皮给药于DB/DB小鼠(SLAC/DB/DB,10-12周)背部约4cm2剃毛处。每天一次(早上8点),连续5周。每周测量一次血糖、每两周测量一次血脂,结果将表10c、10d、10e、10f。
表10c:非甾体消炎药的高穿透性组合物治疗DB/DB小鼠糖尿病的活性
表10d:非甾体消炎药的高穿透性组合物治疗DB/DB小鼠糖尿病的活性
表10e:非甾体消炎药的高穿透性组合物降低DB/DB小鼠血脂的活性
表10f:非甾体消炎药的高穿透性组合物降低DB/DB小鼠血脂的活性
结果显示:非甾体抗炎药的高穿透性在肥胖小鼠模型中可以有效降低血糖和血脂(总胆固醇和甘油三酸酯)。
实例11:非甾体类抗炎药的高穿透性组合物治疗I型糖尿病的活性
高穿透性组合物在大鼠模型(SLAC:NOD-IDDM,I型糖尿病,n=7)中可以有效治疗糖尿病。分别将10%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸.乙酰水杨酸盐(P-1,丙酮溶液)、4-乙酰氨基苯基水杨酰基二甲氨基丁酯盐酸盐水溶液(P-6)、二乙基氨基乙基5-(2,4-二氟苯基)乙酰水杨酸酯.5-(2,4-二氟苯基)乙酰水杨盐水溶液(P-8)、二乙基氨基乙基二聚水杨酸酯醋酸盐水溶液(P-9)、二乙基氨基乙基5-乙酰氨基-乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐水溶液(P-58)、二乙基氨基乙基2-(ρ-异丁基苯基)丙酸酯柠檬酸盐水溶液(P-59)、二乙基氨基乙基乙酰二聚水杨酸酯乙酰三聚水杨酸盐水溶液(P-60)(相当于20mg/kg量的非甾体类抗炎药)透皮给药于小鼠背部约1.5cm2剃毛处,每天2次(早上8点和下午5点),连续7周。
从第4周到第7周在下午4:30测量血糖值,每三天测一次(不禁食),结果见表11。结果显示:I型糖尿病老鼠模型中,非甾体类抗炎药的高穿透性组合物可以有效降低血糖。
表11:非甾体消炎药的高穿透性组合物治疗I型糖尿病的活性
*从第四周开始采集数据。对照组的小鼠六周内全部死亡。
实例12:II型糖尿病的治疗
约0.8ml 8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐的25%酒精溶液每天两次喷到身体的任何部位(每次轮换不同部位,避免伤害皮肤)。给药持续至糖尿病治愈(可能终身)。
实例13:II型糖尿病的预防
II型糖尿病的高危人群,例如过胖、有II型糖尿病家族史、有II型糖尿病有关的突变基因的人,可以每天1-2次,每次喷0.3ml左右8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐的25%酒精溶液于身体的任何部位皮肤(每次不同部位轮换,避免伤害皮肤)。
实例12:I型糖尿病的治疗
约0.8ml 8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐的25%酒精溶液每天两次喷到身体的任何部位(每次轮换不同部位,避免伤害皮肤)。给药持续至糖尿病治愈(可能终生)。
实例15:I型糖尿病的预防
I型糖尿病的高危人群,比如有一个双胞胎姐妹或兄弟的患有I型糖尿病、有II型糖尿病家族史、有II型糖尿病有关的突变基因的人,可以每天1-2次,每次喷约0.4ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐的25%酒精溶液于身体的任何部位皮肤(每次不同部位轮换,避免伤害皮肤)。
实例16:血脂异常(血胆固醇水平异常和/或血甘油水平三酸酯异常)的治疗
约0.8ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐的25%酒精每天2次喷到身体任何部位的皮肤(每次不同部位轮换,避免伤害皮肤),持续至血脂正常(可能是终生)。
实例17:预防血脂异常(血胆固醇水平异常和/或血甘油水平三酸酯异常)
易患血脂异常的人群,比如有患有血脂异常的双胞胎姐妹或兄弟、有血脂异常病家族史、有与血脂异常有关的突变基因,可以一天1-2次,每次喷0.3ml左右8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐溶于25%酒精后的溶液于身体的任何部位皮肤(每次喷于不同部位,避免伤害皮肤)。
实例18:非甾体类抗炎药的高穿透性组合物抗牛皮癣的活性
不受特定机理限制,COX-1和COX-2在动物的免疫反应中作用很大。非甾体类抗炎约可以抑制COX-1和COX-2。在此披露的非甾体类抗炎药的高穿透性组合物在治疗牛皮癣,盘状红斑狼疮,系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)及其它自身免疫性疾病方面可能非常有效。
试验采用Malassezia重悬浮架[Rosenberg,E.W.,et al.,Mycopathologia,72,147-154(1980)]在中国白兔(n=4×6)裸露的背部皮肤上作用,每天两次(上午8点和下午5点),持续两周,形成类似的银屑病症状。在采用Malassezia重悬浮架(上午7点和下午3点)三个小时之后(上午10点和下午6点),在作用部位分别涂抹5%高穿透性组合物水溶液。病患处在涂抹药水十天之后康复。分别所使用的高穿透性组合物有:3-哌啶甲基2-(p-异丁苯基)丙酸酯.盐酸盐,二乙基氨基乙基1-甲基-5-(4-甲基苯甲酰基)-1H-吡咯-2-乙酸酯.盐酸盐,二乙基氨基乙基5-(4-氯苯甲酰基)-1,4-二甲基-1H-吡咯-2-乙酸酯.盐酸盐,二乙基氨基乙基1,8-二乙基-1,3,4,9-四氢吡喃酮-[3,4-b]吲哚-1-乙酸酯.盐酸盐,二乙基氨基乙基2-氨基-3-(4-溴-苯甲酰基)苯乙酸酯.盐酸盐,二乙基氨基乙基3-氯-4-(2-丙烯氧基)苯乙酸酯.盐酸盐,二乙基氨基乙基1-(4-氯苯甲酰基-5-甲氧基-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-乙酰氧基乙酸酯.盐酸盐,二乙基氨基乙基4-(4-氯苯基)-2-苯基-5-噻唑乙酸酯.盐酸盐,和二乙基氨基乙基3-(4-氯苯基)-1-苯基-1H-吡咯-4-乙酸酯.盐酸盐。
实例19:治疗牛皮癣
8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐溶于25%酒精,一天2次,每次喷1.5ml左右(取决于牛皮癣患处的面积)溶液于牛皮癣或牛皮癣周围皮肤,持续至牛皮癣消失(有可能终身给药)。
实例20:治疗寻常性座疮和其它皮肤问题
8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐溶于25%酒精,一天2次,每次1ml左右(取决于患处面积)溶液用于寻常性座疮或寻常性座疮周围皮肤,持续至寻常性座疮消失。
实例21:预防牛皮癣和/或其它皮肤问题
易患牛皮癣和/或其它皮肤问题的人群,比如有患有牛皮癣和/或其它皮肤问题的双胞胎姐妹或兄弟、有牛皮癣和/或其它皮肤问题家族史,可以一天1-2次,每次喷0.3ml左右8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐溶于25%酒精后的溶液于身体的任何部位皮肤(每次喷于不同部位,避免伤害皮肤)。
实例22:非甾体类抗炎药的高穿透性组合物使兔子的伤疤变软、变小
25只中国白兔背部剃毛处被切开一样大小的伤口,然后分成2组。一组使用5%高穿透性组合物水溶液涂于伤口周围(5x5cm2),另一组为空白对照组。用药组的伤疤面积是空白对照组的1/3,而且用药组伤疤的软硬度和正常的皮肤一样。
分别所使用的高穿透性组合物有:3-哌啶甲基2-(p-异丁苯基)丙酸酯.盐酸盐,二乙基氨基乙基1-甲基-5-(4-甲基苯甲酰基)-1H-吡咯-2-乙酸酯.盐酸盐,二乙基氨基乙基5-(4-氯苯甲酰基-1,4-二甲基-1H-吡咯-2-乙酸酯.盐酸盐二乙基氨基乙基1,8-二乙基-1,3,4,9-四氢吡喃酮-[3,4-b]吲哚-1-乙酸酯.盐酸盐,二乙基氨基乙基2-氨基-3-(4-溴-苯甲酰基)苯乙酸酯.盐酸盐,二乙基氨基乙基3-氯-4-(2-丙烯氧基)苯乙酸酯.盐酸盐,二乙基氨基乙基1-(4-氯苯甲酰基-5-甲氧基-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-乙酰氧基乙酸酯.盐酸盐,二乙基氨基乙基4-(4-氯苯基)-2-苯基-5-噻唑乙酸酯.盐酸盐,和二乙基氨基乙基3-(4-氯苯基)-1-苯基-1H-吡唑-4-乙酸酯.盐酸盐。
实例23:治疗伤口(切伤、烧伤或其它伤害)
约0.7ml(取决于患处的面积)5%的二乙基氨基乙基1-甲基-5-(4-甲基苯甲氧基)-1H-吡咯-2-乙酸酯醋酸25%酒精溶液每天两次涂在伤口周围皮肤。持续给药直到症状消失。
实例24:高穿透性组合物在治疗脊髓损伤上的应用
大部分非甾体抗炎药在治疗有效剂量内不能穿过伤疤屏障,但是在此披露的高穿透性组合物可以穿透伤疤屏障,具有抗炎活性,并且可以帮助损伤愈合。
用水和氯醛将大鼠麻醉,然后敲打脊髓致脊髓损伤,使其瘫痪。第二天,20只完全瘫痪的大鼠分成2组,每组10只。A组,每天2次在受伤部位(2x3cm2)涂0.2ml纯水,连续1个月。B组,每天两次将5mg二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐溶于0.2纯水后,涂于受伤部位(2x3cm2),连续1个月。A组10只大鼠全部还是瘫痪;B组10只大鼠全部都能走路,其中4只大鼠完全正常,6只大鼠走的比受伤前走得慢、不自信。
实例25:治疗脊髓损伤
8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐溶于25%酒精,每天2次,每次喷0.8ml左右溶液于头颈、脸或身体其它部位皮肤,持续至脊髓损伤被治愈(可能是根治)。
实例26:二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯柠檬酸盐(二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯高穿透性组合物)的抗红斑狼疮活性
炎症(自身免疫系统攻击自身的细胞)和盘状红斑狼疮、系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)、多发性硬化症(MS)、牛皮癣及其它自身免疫性疾病的发生是有关系的。
10%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐水溶液,每天两次(上午8点和下午6点),每次按30mg HPC/Kg的剂量涂于SLAC/MRL/LPR小鼠背部约5cm2处。每周一次记录血尿、体重和存活率。本实验分两组做,一组小鼠8周大还未显示有系统性红斑狼疮症状(表26a);另一组小鼠16周大,已显示有系统性红斑狼疮症状(表26b)。
结果显示:从第8周开始使用二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯(阿司匹林的高穿透性组合物)的MRL/LPR小鼠,完全没有发生狼疮;从第16周开始使用二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯的MRL/LPR小鼠,狼疮有所好转。
结果显示:非甾体类抗炎药的高穿透性组合物可能可以治疗牛皮癣、盘状红斑狼疮、系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)、多发性硬化症(MS,由髓鞘炎症引起的,在此披露中涉及的非甾体类抗炎药的高穿透性组合物可以穿过髓鞘外膜)及其它人类自身免疫性疾病。
表26a:8周MRL/LPR小鼠使用二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯治疗效果
表26b:16周MRL/LPR小鼠使用二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯治疗效果
实施27.治疗盘状红斑狼疮.
每次取约2ml(取决于病症面积)8%的N,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐的25%乙醇溶液喷到盘状红斑狼疮患处皮肤或患处周围,每天两次。持续给药到盘状红斑狼疮消失(可能需要终身用药)。
实例28.治疗系统性红斑狼疮.
每次取约1.5ml 8%的N,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液喷到患病器官附近的皮肤或身体任意部位的皮肤处,每天两次。持续给药直至病症消失(可能需要终身用药)。
实例29.预防盘状或系统性红斑狼疮
对于盘状或系统性红斑狼疮高危人群,比如有一个孪生姐妹或兄弟患有盘状或系统性红斑狼疮者,有盘状或系统性红斑狼疮家族病史者,携带盘状或系统性红斑狼疮相关突变基因者,每次取约0.3ml 8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%的乙醇溶液喷到身体任意部位的皮肤处,每天一次或两次(为避免伤害皮肤,每次改变用药的部位)。
实例30.治疗多发性硬化症(MS).
取约0.7ml 8%的N,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到患病器官附近的皮肤或身体任意部位的皮肤处。持续治疗到病症(MS)消失为止(也可终身使用)。
实例31.预防多发性硬化症(MS).
对于多发性硬化症高危人群,如有一个孪生姐妹或兄弟患有盘状或系统性红斑狼疮者,有盘状或系统性红斑狼疮家族病史者,携带盘状或系统性红斑狼疮相关突变基因者,每次取约0.3ml 8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%的乙醇溶液喷到身体任意部位的皮肤处,每天一次或两次(为避免伤害皮肤,每次更换用药的部位)。
实例32.非甾体消炎药的高穿透性组合物抗肿瘤活性.
众所周知,癌症与炎症有一定的关系。Thea D.Tlsty博士在他的报告中提到(Keystone Symposia:Inflammation and Cancer,Breckenridge,Colorado,USA,Feb.27-March 3,2005)环氧化酶-2(COX-2)会促进芳香酶的活性,促进血管生成、增生、感染及前列腺素的合成。前列腺素的增加会抑制细胞凋亡。阿司匹林及其它非甾体消炎药可以抑制环氧合酶-1和环氧合酶-2的形成。一般来说,长期服用阿司匹林的人发生结肠直肠癌、食道癌、卵巢癌或其它癌症的几率会降低。但是,癌细胞可以通过改变细胞膜的结构来阻止非甾体消炎药进入癌细胞。在此披露中这些新型的前药能穿过任何膜屏障,可以直接在癌症部位的皮肤表面透皮给药,在非常低的系统暴露情况下就可以有大量的前药进入到癌细胞中。
A)人体乳腺癌细胞
将人体乳腺癌细胞(BCAP-37,每只裸鼠植入2-3mm3的肿瘤组织)皮下移植到裸鼠上(BALB小鼠,共12组,每组七只)。14天后,肿瘤体积生长到50±10mm3(0.05ml)。分别将50μl 5%的(相当于2.5mg前药)二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐(P-1,丙酮溶液),1-哌啶丙基2[(2,6-二氯苯基)氨基]苯乙酯.盐酸盐(P-2,水溶液),1-吡咯烷基丙基2-(3-苯甲酰基苯基)丙酸酯.盐酸盐(P-3,水溶液),4-哌啶甲基2-(3-苯甲酰基苯基)丙酸酯.盐酸盐(P-4,水溶液),3-哌啶甲基2-(ρ-异丁基苯基)丙酸酯.盐酸盐(P-5,水溶液),二乙基氨基乙基1-(p-氯苯甲酰基)-5-甲氧基-2-甲基吲哚基3-乙酸酯.盐酸盐(P-11,水溶液),2-(4-吗啉基)乙基(Z)-5-氟-2-甲基-1-[(4-甲基亚磺酰基)苯基亚甲基]-1H-茚基-3-乙酯.盐酸盐(P-12,水溶液),二乙基氨基乙基2-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)苯乙酸酯.盐酸盐(P-19,水溶液),二乙基氨基乙基2-(8-甲基-10,11-二氢-11-oxodibenz(b,f)氧杂环庚三烯-2-基)丙酸酯.盐酸盐(P-37,水溶液),1-吡咯烷基丙基2-[[(3-(三氟甲基)苯基)氨基]苯甲酸酯.盐酸盐(P-48,水溶液),4-N,N-二甲氨基丁酰氧基-2-甲基-N-2-吡啶基-2H,1,2-苯并噻嗪基-3-酰胺1,1-二氧化物.盐酸盐(P-51,水溶液)局部透皮于裸鼠植入人体乳腺癌细胞的位置(靠近前腿),每隔8小时用一次药。42天后,测量肿瘤的体积和体重,结果见表32a-1和表32a-2所示,数据表明前药可以有效地抑制肿瘤生长,而且副作用(如体重减轻)非常小。
表32a-1.42天后空白组和治疗组裸鼠的肿瘤体积和体重
表32a-2.42天后治疗组裸鼠的肿瘤体积和体重
B)人的结肠癌细胞
将人体结肠癌细胞(LS174J,每只裸鼠植入2-3mm3的肿瘤组织)皮下移植到裸鼠体内(BALB小鼠)。七天后,肿瘤体积生长到65±10mm3(0.065ml)。分别将大约50μl含有5%(相当于1.5mg的前药)二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐(P-1,水溶液),1-哌啶丙基2[(2,6-二氯苯基)氨基]苯甲酸酯.盐酸盐(P-2,水溶液),1-吡咯丙基2-(3-苯甲氧基苯基)丙酯.盐酸盐(P-3,水溶液),4-哌啶甲基2(3-苯氧基苯基)丙酸酯.盐酸盐(P-4,水溶液),3-哌啶甲基2-(ρ-异丁基苯基)丙酸酯.盐酸盐(P-5,水溶液),二乙基氨基乙基1-甲基-5-(4-甲基苯甲氧基)-1H-吡咯-2-乙酯.盐酸盐(P-13,水溶液),2-(4-吗啉基)乙基2-氨基-3-苯甲酰基苯乙酸酯.盐酸盐(P-16,水溶液),二乙基氨基乙基2-(10,11-二氢-10-氧二苯(b,f)噻庚英-2-基)丙酸酯.盐酸盐(P-36),二乙基氨基乙基2[(2,3-二甲基苯基)氨基]苯甲酸酯.盐酸盐(P-46,水溶液),二乙基氨基乙基2-[(2,6-二氯-3-甲基苯基)氨基]苯甲酸酯.盐酸盐(P-47,水溶液),N-(2-噻唑基)-4-N,N-二甲基氨基丁氧基-2-甲基-2H,1,2-苯并噻嗪基-3-酰胺1,1-双氧化物.盐酸盐(P-52,水溶液)局部透皮用于裸鼠植入人体结肠癌细胞的位置(靠近前腿),每隔12小时用一次。30天后,肿瘤的体积和体重见表32b-1和表32b-2,结果表明前药可以有效地抑制肿瘤生长,而且副作用(如体重减轻)非常小。
表32b-1.30天后空白组和治疗组裸鼠的肿瘤体积和体重
表32b-2.30天后治疗组裸鼠的肿瘤体积和体重
实例33.乳腺癌的疗法
取约0.8ml 8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液喷到患病乳房处,每天两次。直到肿瘤消失为止。
实例34.乳腺癌的疗法
在乳腺癌切除手术或其他缩小肿瘤的治疗后,取约0.8ml 8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液喷到病症附近皮肤处或身体任意部位的皮肤处,每天两次。持续用药以确保癌症不会复发为止(可能需要终身用药)。
实例35.前列腺癌的疗法
取约0.8ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液喷到病症附近皮肤处,每天两次。持续治疗到患者痊愈为止。
实例36.前列腺癌的疗法
在肿瘤切除手术或其他缩小肿瘤治疗后,取约0.8ml 8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到病症附近皮肤处或身体任意部位的皮肤处。
实例37.肺癌的疗法
取约0.8ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液喷到前胸皮肤处,每天两次。持续给药到患者痊愈为止。
实例38.肺癌的疗法
在肿瘤切除手术或其他缩小肿瘤治疗后,取约0.8ml 8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到前胸皮肤处。持续用药到患者痊愈为止。
实例39.结肠癌的疗法
取约0.8ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液喷到肛门附近皮肤处或身体任意部位的皮肤处,每天两次。持续用药到患者痊愈为止。
实例40.结肠癌的疗法
在肿瘤切除手术或其他缩小肿瘤治疗后,取约0.8ml 8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到肛门附近皮肤处或身体任意部位的皮肤处。持续治疗到患者痊愈为止。
实例41.皮肤癌的疗法
取约0.8ml 8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液喷到病症部位或附近皮肤处,每天两次。持续用药到患者痊愈为止。
实例42.皮肤癌的疗法
在肿瘤切除手术或其他缩小肿瘤治疗后,取约0.8ml 8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液喷到病症部位或附近皮肤处,每天两次。持续用药到患者痊愈为止。
实例43.骨癌的疗法
取约0.8ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液喷到病症附近皮肤处,每天两次。持续用药到患者痊愈为止。
实例44.骨癌的疗法
在肿瘤切除手术或其他缩小肿瘤治疗后,取约0.8ml 8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液喷到病症附近皮肤处或身体任意皮肤处,每天两次。持续用药到患者痊愈为止。
实例45.各种癌症的疗法
取约0.8ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液喷到病症附近皮肤处或身体任意皮肤处,每天两次。持续用药至患者治愈为止。
实例46.各种癌症的疗法.
在肿瘤切除手术或其他缩小肿瘤治疗后,取约0.8ml 8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%的乙醇溶液喷到病症附近皮肤处或身体任意皮肤处,每天两次。持续治疗到患者痊愈为止。
实例47.各种癌症的预防.
对于癌症高危人群,如有一个孪生姐妹或兄弟患有癌症者,吸烟者,有癌症家族病史者,携带癌症相关突变基因者,取约0.5ml 8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液喷到身体任意部位的皮肤处(为避免伤害皮肤,每次改变用药的部位),每天一次或两次。
实例48.非甾体消炎药的前药抗血栓活性
18只体重约3.0到3.5公斤(6到7个月大)的中国白兔,分为三组(对照组,P-1组和P-10组,每组6只)。实验前一个小时,取1ml静脉血,放入灭菌瓶中,使其凝固形成血栓。为避免血栓破碎和慢慢溶解,将血栓置于70℃的恒温蒸馏水中固化10分钟。将白兔麻醉后,手术剥离其股静脉,用留置导管(20GA)将兔子自体血栓(0.05g/kg)注射到剥离出来的股静脉中。按照50mg/kg的剂量,分别每天两次将二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐(P-1,浓度为10%,溶于25%乙醇溶液)和二乙基氨基乙基乙酰二聚水杨酸酯.盐酸盐(P-59,浓度为10%,溶于25%乙醇溶液)透皮给药于兔子背部。5天后,给兔子静脉注射过量的戊巴比妥钠(60mg/kg)使其安乐死。取出其肺和心脏,观察肺动脉是否存在血栓。肺组织在10%的福尔马林溶液中浸泡24小时。沿着被阻塞的肺动脉连续的横截面用石蜡包埋,并用苏木精-曙红染色。
对照组中,血小板栓子和混合血栓包围着之前注射到大静脉中的血栓,存在于大的血管中,同时使血管壁向内侧和外侧曲张。这些血管中存在内皮细胞和纤维细胞的过度增生质。此外,这些白兔还存在急性肺阻塞的病症。而P-1和P-59组中,肺组织和血管壁表征正常。结果表明,这些非甾体消炎药的前药可以治疗血栓病症及由其引发的血栓增值。这些前药将能有效预防和治疗血栓——引发中分、心脏病和器官移植排斥反应的主要原因。
实例49.二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.柠檬酸盐的抗血栓活性
最新数据表明,心脏疾病与炎症有一定关系,而阿司匹林被广泛用于预防心脏病。
动物血栓生成仪(YLS-14A,中国山东省医学科学院),电刺激(1mA直流电刺激3分钟)刺激大鼠的颈动脉,促使其血栓形成。将大鼠(SpraguDawley,25周大,380到450g重)分为三组,A组为对照组,B组和C组为二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸盐.盐酸盐治疗组。B组中,在血栓形成2小时前,按100mg/kg的剂量,在大鼠剃毛背部(约9cm2的面积)透皮给药二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸盐.盐酸盐(10%,水溶液);血栓形成1小时后,每天两次按50mg/kg的剂量在大鼠背部透皮给药前药。C组中,在血栓形成24小时后,每天两次按50mg/kg的剂量在大鼠剃毛背部透皮给药二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐。每天对大鼠运动功能的恢复进行评价。结果见表49a和49b。表49a的结果表明,阿司匹林可以保护大鼠不患中风且不会引起出血问题。表49b的结果表明,二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐可以治愈大鼠模型中风后引起的偏瘫,且不会引起出血问题。
表49a.二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸的抗中风活性
表49b.二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸对中风的缓解作用
实例50.治疗中风.
取约0.8ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液喷到颈部、胸部、腿部、手臂或任意部位皮肤处,每天两次(为避免伤害皮肤,每次改变用药的部位)。持续治疗到中风痊愈为止(可能需要终身用药)。
实例51.预防中风.
对于中风高危人群,如超重者、有一个孪生姐妹或兄弟患有中风、有中风家族病史者、携带中风相关突变基因者,取约0.5ml 8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液喷到身体任意部位的皮肤处,每天一次或两次(为避免伤害皮肤,每次改变用药的部位)。
实例52.治疗心脏病.
取约1.5ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到颈部、胸部、腿部或身体任意部位的皮肤处(为避免伤害皮肤,每次改变用药的部位)。持续治疗到中风痊愈为止(也可终身使用)。
实例53.预防心脏病.
对于心脏病高危人群,如超重者,有一个孪生姐妹或兄弟患有中风者,有中风家族病史者,携带中风相关突变基因者,取约0.3ml 8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天一次或两次喷到身体任意部位的皮肤处(为避免伤害皮肤,每次改变用药的部位)。
实例54.抗高血压活性
A)二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.柠檬酸(二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.柠檬酸盐)
取20只患有自发性高血压的大鼠(SLAC/SHR,19周大,300g到350g重)随机分成2组。A组中,每天一次将纯净水(0.5ml)涂抹于大鼠剃毛背部(剃毛面积约5cm2),持续涂抹六周。B组中,按50mg/kg的剂量,每天一次将二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯柠檬酸盐(浓度为10%,水溶液)透皮给药于大鼠剃毛背部(剃毛面积约5cm2)。结果见表54a,结果表明二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯的前药具有极强的抗高血压活性。
表54a.二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.柠檬酸盐的抗高血压活性
收缩压舒张压
8)阿替洛尔盐酸盐
将100mg阿替洛尔盐酸盐溶于1ml蒸馏水中,每天一次透皮给药来达到控制高血压患者血压,没有副作用。将20个高血压显象分为两组。A组为对照组(n=10,每天一次在患者胸前施用1ml水),B组为阿替洛尔治疗组(n=10,每天一次在患者胸前透皮给药100mg的阿替洛尔盐酸盐)。结果见表54b。
表54b.透皮给药阿替洛尔前药的抗高血压作用
血压(毫米汞柱) | 血压(毫米汞柱) | |
治疗前 | 治疗2周后 | |
A组 | 162±27/110±21 | 163±28/113±23 |
B组 | 160±22/110±20 | 128±15/81±12 |
实例55.治疗高血压.
取约0.8ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到颈部、胸部、腿部、手臂或任意部位皮肤处(为避免伤害皮肤,每次改变用药的部位)。持续治疗到高血压痊愈为止(也可终身使用)。
实例56.治疗高血压.
取约1ml 10%阿替洛尔25%乙醇溶液(盐酸调节pH至4-7),每天两次喷到颈部、胸部、腿部或任意部位皮肤处(为避免伤害皮肤,每次改变用药的部位)。
实例57.预防高血压.
对于高血压高危人群,如超重者,有一个孪生姐妹或兄弟患有高血压者,有高血压家族病史者,携带高血压相关突变基因者,取约0.5ml 8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液喷到身体任意部位的皮肤处,每天一次或两次(为避免伤害皮肤,每次改变用药的部位)。
实例58.治疗肌萎症(ALS),眼咽型肌营养不良症(OPMD),强直性肌营养不良(MD),进行性假肥大性肌营养不良(DMD),多发性肌炎(PM),皮肌炎(DM),包涵体肌炎(IBM)和其他肌肉疾病。
肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)中细胞死亡的发病机制可能牵涉到谷氨酸介导的神经兴奋性中毒、氧化损伤和细胞凋亡。存在于脊髓神经元和星形胶质细胞中的环氧合酶-2,可以促进前列腺素E2的合成。前列腺素E2刺激星形胶质细胞释放谷氨酸,而环氧合酶-2在产生前炎症细胞因子、活性氧物质和自由基的过程中也发挥着关键的作用。选择性COX-2抑制剂,塞来昔布明显抑制了ALS小鼠脊髓中的前列腺素E2的产生。塞来昔布的使用显著延迟了小鼠虚弱和体重减轻的时间,并提高了25%的存活率。通过对治疗过的ALS小鼠的脊髓的观察,发现前药对脊髓神经元有显著的保护作用,并降低了星形胶质增生和小胶质细胞的活性(Merit.E.Cudkowicz,et al.,Annals of neurology,52,771-778,2002)。这些结果说明环氧化酶-2抑制可能对肌萎症(ALS)病人有益。在此披露中非甾体抗炎药的高穿透性组合物能以很快的速度穿过皮肤和神经细胞膜屏障(大部分非甾体抗炎药不能有效地穿过神经细胞),可以采用透皮给药而不会对胃肠道造成伤害,因此这些高穿透性组合物是非常有希望成为治疗肌萎症(ALS),眼咽型肌营养不良症(OPMD),强直性肌营养不良(MD),进行性假肥大性肌营养不良(DMD),多发性肌炎(PM),皮肌炎(DM),包涵体肌炎(IBM)和其他肌肉疾病的良药。
治疗肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)、眼咽肌营养不良症(OPMD)、强直性肌营养不良(MD)、杜氏肌营养不良症(DMD)、多发性肌炎(PM)、皮肌炎(DM)、包涵体肌炎(IBM)及其他肌肉疾病,取约0.8ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到颈部、胸部、腿部或任意部位皮肤处(为避免伤害皮肤,每次改变用药的部位)。
实例59.预防肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS),眼咽型肌营养不良症(OPMD),强直性肌营养不良(MD),杜氏肌营养不良症(DMD),多发性肌炎(PM),皮肌炎(DM),包涵体肌炎(IBM)和其他肌肉疾病.
对于肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS),眼咽型肌营养不良症(OPMD),强直性肌营养不良(MD),杜氏肌营养不良症(DMD),多发性肌炎(PM),皮肌炎(DM),包涵体肌炎(IBM)和其他肌肉疾病高危人群,如有一个孪生姐妹或兄弟患有一种或几种该类疾病者,有一种或几种该类疾病家族病史者,携带一种或几种该类疾病相关突变基因者,取约0.5ml8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天一次或两次喷到身体任意部位的皮肤处(为避免伤害皮肤,每次改变用药的部位)。
实例60.二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐的防止脱发和秃顶的功效.
取30只Lesional Dundee实验秃鼠(DEBR)分为三组。A组大鼠(n=10)每天一次全身使用2ml纯净水,持续十周。B组大鼠(n=10)按50mg/kg的剂量,每天一次全身使用二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯柠檬酸盐(浓度为1%,水溶液),持续十周。C组大鼠(n=10)口服用药环孢素A(CsA)(每天按10mg/kg的剂量使用),持续十周。A组为未处理对照组,未发现毛发生长,继续脱毛。B组为二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯柠檬酸盐处理组,2到4周内大鼠全身毛发重新生长。C组为口服CsA处理组,2到4周内大鼠全身毛发生长率比B组低了约40%。
实例61.治疗秃顶.
取约0.3ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天一次或两次喷到头顶皮肤。持续使用到秃顶痊愈为止(也可终身使用)。
实例62.治疗脱发.
取约0.3ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天一次或两次喷到头顶皮肤。持续使用到脱发痊愈为止(也可终身使用)。
实例63.二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐抗白癜风的活性.
将20只Smyth鸡(白癜风动物模型)分为两组。A组鸡(n=10)每天一次在变色病变部位使用1ml纯净水,持续十周。B组鸡(n=10)按50mg/kg的剂量每天一次在变色病变部位使用二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯柠檬酸盐(浓度为5%,水溶液),持续十周。A组为未处理对照组,病变更加严重,且羽毛继续脱落。B组为二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯柠檬酸盐处理组,变色病变消失,且3到6周羽毛重新生长。
实例64.治疗白癜风.
取约0.8ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到患白癜风皮肤或毛发处。持续治疗到白癜风痊愈为止(也可终身使用)。
实例65.预防白癜风.
对于白癜风高危人群,如有一个孪生姐妹或兄弟患有白癜风者,有白癜风家族病史者,携带白癜风相关突变基因者,取约0.3ml 8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天一次或两次喷到身体任意部位的皮肤处(为避免伤害皮肤,每次改变用药的部位)。
实例66.二乙基氨基丙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐在老年痴呆症Tg2576小鼠模型试验中的抗老年痴呆症活性.
炎症的发病机制被提出认为是老年痴呆症的关键因(McGeer PL,McGeer EG.Theinflammatory response system of brain implications for thetherapy ofAlzheimer and other neurodegenerative diseases.Brain Res.Rev.,1995;21:195-218)。in′t Veld等人的研究(the New England Journal ofMedicine,2001;345,1515)中,对近7000个老年痴呆症高危者进行了将近七年的追踪观察实验。结果表明,NSAIAs可以降低那些在痴呆症发作之前前累计使用NSAIAs至少两年或两年以上的人群的患病风险。如果NSAIAs的神经保护作用在比ingfade几年前终止了,那么这些化合物将无法为大多数人提供保护来阻止疾病前驱阶段的恶化。我们认为,这是因为受损神经细胞周围的组织会形成伤疤,以保护神经细胞不受到更大的伤害。大多数NSAIAs化合物的血-脑屏障和神经细胞屏障的穿透率极低,而且不能穿过上面提到的疤痕屏障。而在此披露中的高穿透性组合物拥有快速穿透皮肤、血-脑、神经细胞膜以及疤痕屏障的能力,将很有希望成为治疗老年痴呆症、帕金森症以及其他神经退行性疾病的良药。
老年痴呆症(AD)病理表明,痴呆症的临床严重度与β-淀粉样肽(AβP)结构有显著的相关性。近几年来,β-淀粉质(Aβ)合成的抑制剂的发展及其神经毒性作用成为了研究的重点。为了确认二乙基氨基丙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐对Aβ在体内累积产生的作用,我们按照50mg/kg的剂量,向老年痴呆症Tg2576小鼠模型透皮使用二乙基氨基丙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐(水溶液),两个月后,老年痴呆症的病理特点之一老化斑块的数目显著、非重叠的较少了70%-80%。能够强化表现致家族痴呆症(Tg2576线型)的瑞典人体突变基因的三个月大的转基因小鼠被用来测试二乙基氨基丙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐体内的疗效。将20只Tg2576小鼠分为两组。A组(n=10)中,每天一次向小鼠背部透皮使用0.2ml纯净水,持续2个月。B组(n=10)中,按50mg/kg的剂量,每天一次向小鼠背部透皮使用0.2ml的二乙基氨基丙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐水溶液,持续2个月。杀死小鼠,取脑分析。Aβ分析时,将脑溶于70%的甲酸溶液中(150mg组织/ml溶液),用剪刀细胞均质器粉碎。在4℃条件下,用冰冻离心器100,000g离心匀浆一小时。收集上层清液,用甲酸中型缓冲液(1.0M Tris碱,0.5M NaH2PO4和0.05%NaN3;1∶20)中和滴定,由ELISA法进行Af3定量。Aβ40和Aβ42由ELISA法测定。共进行了4组相互独立的实验。为进行交叉比较,每组独立实验中都包含空白动物组,来规范实验值。实验值是指规范后的n个数值的平均值±标准误差。结果见表66a。二乙基氨基丙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐(50mg/kg)透皮治疗后,脑中Aβ42的浓度显著减少(70%)。
表66a.二乙基氨基丙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐对Aβ42浓度的作用.
Tg2576小鼠模型的研究表明,按50mg/kg的剂量透皮给药二乙基氨基丙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐2个月后,动物脑中测得Aβ的量显著减少(70%)。为确定透皮给药的二乙基氨基丙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐是否有其他功效,我们按50mg/kg的剂量,在患有老年痴呆症的转基因模型(淀粉质累积会导致小鼠学习能力下降)上使用二乙基氨基丙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐,持续2个月。结果表明,二乙基氨基丙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐可以防止本模型中老年痴呆症引起的转基因小鼠学习能力和衰老型记忆能力的衰退。二乙基氨基丙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐(50mg/kg)治疗组中,所有小鼠在放射臂型水迷宫工作记忆测试中表现良好,而空白转基因小鼠组则表现出记忆能力的衰退。结果表明,二乙基氨基丙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐治疗转基因小鼠组的认知表现优于对照转基因小鼠组,且最终与未转基因的小鼠无二致。表明本治疗方法可以预防和治疗老年痴呆症。
实例67.治疗老年痴呆症及其他神经变性症.
取约0.8ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到患白癜风的皮肤或毛发处。持续治疗到白癜风痊愈为止(也可终身使用)。
实例68.预防老年痴呆症及其他神经变性症
对于老年痴呆症及其他神经变性症高危人群,如有一个孪生姐妹或兄弟患有老年痴呆症及其他神经变性症者,有老年痴呆症及其他神经变性症家族病史者,携带老年痴呆症及其他神经变性症相关突变基因者,取约0.5ml 8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天一次或两次喷到身体任意部位的皮肤处(为避免伤害皮肤,每次改变用药的部位)。有老年痴呆症及其他神经变性症家族病史者,携带老年痴呆症及其他神经变性症相关突变基因者,取约0.3ml 8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天一次或两次喷到身体任意部位的皮肤处(为避免伤害皮肤,每次改变用药的部位)。
实例69.二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐在MPTP诱发的患帕金森症小鼠测试中的抗帕金森症活性.
将30只雄性C57/BL6小鼠(24-26g)分成3组。A组小鼠腹腔注射0.4%羧甲基纤维素钠(每天剂量15ml/kg),持续7天。B组和C组小鼠腹腔注射N-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP,每天剂量30mg/kg),持续7天。将小鼠分为2组。A组和B组小鼠,每天在小鼠颈部透皮使用0.1ml纯净水,持续14天。C组小鼠,每天一次按30mg/kg的剂量,在小鼠颈部透皮使用0.1ml二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐水溶液,持续14天。最后一次治疗结束后,杀死所有小鼠,取脑,在-80℃条件下速冻。使用荧光分光光度计(RF-5000)测定多巴胺(DA)(λEX=310nm,λEm=390nm),5-HT(λEX=355nm,λEm=495nm)和去甲肾上腺素(NA)(λEX=400nm,Em=500nm)在纹状体中的含量。黑质(SN)中,丙二醛(MDA)的含量通过硫代巴比托酸反应标示过氧化脂质测得,谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量依据二硝基苯甲酸(DNTB)得到。纹状体和黑质中GABA和Glu的含量由高性能自动氨基酸分析仪测得。结果见表69a。二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.柠檬酸盐对DA,NA和5-HT含量的影响。与对照组(P<0.05,n=10)相比,MPTP组小鼠纹状体中的DA,NA和5-HT的含量显著减少。与模型组(P<0.05,n=10)二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.柠檬酸盐(30mg/kg,透皮给药)增加了DA,NA和5-HT的含量。
表69a.二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.柠檬酸盐对MPTP型帕金森症小鼠纹状体中DA,NA和5-HT含量的影响.n=10.平均值±标准误差.对照组bP<0.05.MPTP组eP<0.05.
二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.柠檬酸盐对MDA和GSH含量的影响。
模型组小鼠黑质中GSH显著增加(P<0.01,n=10),相较对照组(P<0.01,n=10),黑质中MDA的含量也有所增加。帕金森症模型组(P<0.01,n=10)中,二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.柠檬酸盐显著降低了MDA水平,同时相对提高了GSH水平。结果见表69b。
表69b.二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.柠檬酸盐对MPTP型帕金森症小鼠黑体中GSH(pg/g蛋白质)和MDA(pg/g蛋白质)含量的影响.n=10.平均值±标准误差.对照组P<0.01.MPTP组P<0.01.
二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.柠檬酸盐对GABA和Glu含量的影响.
相较对照组,MPTP使纹状体内GABA水平(P<0.01,n=10)显著增加,同时黑质中GABA水平下降,二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.柠檬酸盐(30mg/kg)则会产生相反效应。不过,莫达非尼无法逆转MPTP诱发的纹状体Glu释放增加(表69c)。
表69c。二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.柠檬酸盐对MPTP型帕金森症小鼠中黑体和纹状体中GABA(pmol/g湿组织)和Glu含量的影响。n=10。平均值±标砖误差。相对对照组P<0.01,相对MPTP组P>0.05,P<0.05,P<0.01.
结果表明,MPTP小鼠纹状体中NA和5-HT的含量明显低于正常小鼠,二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯则可以提高纹状体中DA,NA和5-HT的水平。该化合物可以改善或逆转帕金森症的病变。我们的结果表明二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯阻止了帕金森症模型纹状体中GABA的释放。总而言之,通过抗氧化机制和对纹状体中NA、5-HT和黑质GABAergic活性的调制,二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯可以阻止MPTP的神经毒性。因而二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯可作为有效的神经保护剂来治疗帕金森症。
实例70.治疗帕金森症及相关疾病
取约0.8ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到颈部、脸部或身体任意部位的皮肤处。持续治疗至疾病痊愈为止(也可终身使用)。
实例71.、预防帕金森症或相关及疾病
对于帕金森症及相关疾病高危人群,如有一个孪生姐妹或兄弟患有帕金森症及相关疾病,有帕金森症及相关疾病家族病史者,携带帕金森症及相关疾病相关突变基因者,取约0.3ml 8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天一次或两次喷到身体任意部位的皮肤处(为避免伤害皮肤,每次改变用药的部位)。
实例72.二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐的抗青光眼活性.
我们利用雷射小樑网整形术使猫形成高眼压,来评估二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐减少眼内压(IOP)的能力。用稀释的丙美卡因麻醉角膜后,IOP光照条件下由眼压计测得。将14只猫分为两组。治疗前,测试受测化合物水溶液条件下的IOP基线。wasdetermined prior to treatment withthe受测化合物水溶液。A组中,每天两次在猫眼周围(眼睛外部)透皮使用0.5ml水,持续10天。B组中,按30mg/kg的剂量,每天两次在猫眼周围(眼睛外部)透皮使用二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐,持续10天。结果见表72,表明高穿透性组合物二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐治疗动物模型青光眼非常有效。
表72:二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐的降眼内压效果.
组别 | 基础眼压 | 治疗结束后(10天) |
A(纯水) | 23.2±0.6 | 22.2±0.5 |
B(药物治疗组) | 24.1±0.7 | 16.1±0.5 |
二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐具有极强的抗动物模型青光眼活性.
实例73.治疗青光眼.
取约0.3ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次在眼睛附近的皮肤处使用。持续治疗到青光眼痊愈为止(也可终身使用)。
实例74.治疗白内障
取约0.3ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次在眼睛附近的皮肤透皮使用。持续治疗到白内障痊愈为止(也可终身使用)。
实例75.预防白内障.
对于白内障高危人群,如有一个孪生姐妹或兄弟患有白内障者,有白内障家族病史者,携带白内障相关突变基因者,取约0.3ml 8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天一次或两次喷到眼睛附近皮肤处。
实例76.NSAIAs的高穿透性组合物对小鼠寿命的延长作用.
非甾体抗炎药(NSAIAs)因为其不能有效地穿过细胞膜、特别是脑细胞和神经细胞并且在血液循环中停留太长时间以致大部分药物在到达“作用目的地”前就被肠粘膜、肝脏、肾脏和肺代谢,而不能有效的治疗上述状态或有严重的副作用。这些因素不仅造成药理学效果低,而且对肠粘膜、肝脏、肾脏,肺和身体其它器官带来毒性负担。本专利中的这些前药能很好地穿过皮肤、血脑屏障、脑细胞、神经细胞和其它生物屏障,并且比母药更有效数百倍,只需要母药几十分之一或几百分之一的剂量,并且引起的副作用更少。它们不仅可以通过透皮给药,而且适用于任何给药方式(如口服,皮下注射,静脉注射,吸入和鼻腔),可以治疗其相对应的母药可以治疗的疾病,甚至是其母药不能治疗的疾病。
炎症增加和代谢减慢被认为是人和动物衰老的两大主要元凶。阿司匹林和其他NSAIAs的高穿透性组合物可以穿过一层或多层生物屏障,且表现出极强的消炎活性,可以延长动物寿命。
将60只小鼠(10周大,体重30.3±3.5g)分为A组和B组。A组(n=30),每天一次在小鼠背部约2cm2皮肤处涂抹0.05ml蒸馏水。B组(n=30),每天一次在大鼠背部约2cm2皮肤处涂抹0.05ml溶有0.5mg二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.柠檬酸盐(阿司匹林的高穿透性组合物)的水溶液(10%)。结果表明阿司匹林高穿透性组合物盐能够延长小鼠寿命的27%(表76)。
表76.二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.柠檬酸盐透皮给药的抗衰老作用
寿命(月) | |
A组 | 30.2±4.2 |
B组 | 38.2±4.6 |
实例77.抗衰老延长寿命的功效
取约0.4ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到身体的任意部位。终身坚持使用。
实例78.治疗克隆氏症及其他自生免疫疾病.
取约0.7ml 8%N,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两天喷到肛门周围、腹部或身体任意部位皮肤处。持续治疗至疾病痊愈为止(也可终身使用)。
实例79.预防克隆氏症及其他自生免疫疾病.
对于克隆氏症及其他自生免疫疾病高危人群,如有一个孪生姐妹或兄弟患有克隆氏症及其他自生免疫疾病者,有克隆氏症及其他自生免疫疾病家族病史者,携带克隆氏症及其他自生免疫疾病相关突变基因者,取约0.3ml 8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天一次或两次喷到身体任意部位皮肤处(为避免伤害皮肤,每次改变用药的部位)。
实例80.治疗甲状腺功能亢进
取约0.7ml 8%N,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到颈部或身体任意部位皮肤处。持续治疗至甲状腺功能亢进痊愈为止(也可终身使用)。
实例81.预防甲状腺功能亢进
对于甲状腺功能亢进高危人群,如有一个孪生姐妹或兄弟患有甲状腺功能亢进者,有甲状腺功能亢进家族病史者,携带甲状腺功能亢进相关突变基因者,取约0.3ml 8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天一次或两次喷到身体任意部位皮肤处(为避免伤害皮肤,每次改变用药的部位)。
实例82.治疗自身免疫性肝炎、肝纤维化和/或肝硬化
取约0.7ml 8%N,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到腹部或身体任意部位皮肤处。持续治疗至自身免疫性肝炎、肝纤维化和/或肝硬化痊愈为止(也可终身使用)。
实例83.预防自身免疫性肝炎、肝纤维化和/或肝硬化
对于自身免疫性肝炎、肝纤维化和/或肝硬化高危人群,如有一个孪生姐妹或兄弟患有自身免疫性肝炎、肝纤维化和/或肝硬化者,有自身免疫性肝炎、肝纤维化和/或肝硬化家族病史者,携带自身免疫性肝炎、肝纤维化和/或肝硬化相关突变基因者,取约0.3ml 8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天一次或两次喷到腹部或身体任意部位皮肤处(为避免伤害皮肤,每次改变用药的部位)。
实例84.治疗囊性纤维化、肺纤维化、胰腺纤维化、脾纤维化、胃肠纤维化及其他器官纤维化
取约0.7ml 8%N,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到病发器官附近或身体任意部位皮肤处。持续治疗至囊性纤维化、肺纤维化、胰腺纤维化、脾纤维化、胃肠纤维化及其他器官纤维化痊愈为止(也可终身使用)。
实例85.预防囊性纤维化、肺纤维化、胰腺纤维化、脾纤维化、胃肠纤维化及其他器官纤维化
对于囊性纤维化、肺纤维化、胰腺纤维化、脾纤维化、胃肠纤维化及其他器官纤维化高危人群,如有一个孪生姐妹或兄弟患有囊性纤维化、肺纤维化、胰腺纤维化、脾纤维化、胃肠纤维化及其他器官纤维化者,有囊性纤维化、肺纤维化、胰腺纤维化、脾纤维化、胃肠纤维化及其他器官纤维化家族病史者,携带囊性纤维化、肺纤维化、胰腺纤维化、脾纤维化、胃肠纤维化及其他器官纤维化相关突变基因者,取约0.3ml 8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天一次或两次喷到腹部或身体任意部位皮肤处(为避免伤害皮肤,每次改变用药的部位)。
实例86.治疗胆结石
当胆汁中含有过多的胆固醇且缺少胆盐时,就会产生胆固醇胆结石。胆管炎症可能对胆结石的形成起着非常重要的作用。NSAIAs的高穿透性组合物可以降低血脂水平且具有消炎作用。可以采用下述方法治疗胆结石:取约0.7ml 8%N,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到腹部或身体任意部位皮肤处。持续治疗至胆结石痊愈为止。
实例87.治疗光化性角化病
取约0.7ml 8%N,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到光化性角化病患处或身体任意部位皮肤处。持续治疗至光化性角化病痊愈为止。
实例88.预防光化性角化病
对于光化性角化病危人群,如有一个孪生姐妹或兄弟患有光化性角化病者,从事长时间户外工作者,取约0.4ml 8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天一次或两次喷到身体任意部位皮肤处(为避免伤害皮肤,每次改变用药的部位)。
实例89.治疗血管异常性皮肤病变,胎记,痣,皮垂,老年斑(褐黄斑)及其他皮肤疾病
取约0.7ml 8%N,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到皮肤病患处或身体任意部位皮肤处。持续治疗至皮肤病痊愈为止。
实例90.治疗过敏性鼻炎(鼻过敏),过敏性眼炎,过敏湿疹(过敏性皮炎),荨麻疹,过敏性休克和/或其他过敏反应(可能由花粉、尘螨、霉菌、垢屑、食物、药物和/或其他过敏原引起)。
取约0.7ml 8%N,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到患处或身体任意部位皮肤处。持续治疗至过敏性鼻炎(鼻过敏),过敏性眼炎,过敏湿疹(过敏性皮炎),荨麻疹,过敏性休克和/或其他过敏反应(可能由花粉、尘螨、霉菌、垢屑、食物、药物和/或其他过敏原引起)痊愈为止。
实例91.长寿保健的功效
取约0.4ml 8%N,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到身体任意部位皮肤处。可终身持续使用。
实例92.治疗痤疮、囊肿性痤疮、脓疮或红肿、粉刺、丘疹、脓疱、结节、表皮样囊肿、角化糠疹等皮肤疾病
取约0.5ml 8%N,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到患病处或身体任意部位皮肤处。持续治疗至痤疮、囊肿性痤疮、脓疮或红肿、粉刺、丘疹、脓疱、结节、表皮样囊肿、角化糠疹等皮肤疾病痊愈为止。
实例93.治疗皱纹,鱼尾纹,肉色皮肤斑点,酒渣鼻,治疗后皮肤及其他皮肤病
取约0.7ml 8%N,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到患病处或身体任意部位皮肤处。持续治疗至皱纹,鱼尾纹,肉色皮肤斑点,酒渣鼻,治疗后皮肤及其他皮肤病痊愈为止。
实例94.对皮肤的保养功效
取约0.4ml 8%N,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到身体任意部位皮肤处。可终身持续使用。
实例95.治疗黄斑变性和老年性黄斑变性(AMD)
取约0.7ml 8%N,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到患病处附近或身体任意部位皮肤处。持续治疗至疾病痊愈为止。
实例96.治疗急性和慢性咳嗽
取约0.7ml 8%N,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到颈部(近咽喉处)或身体任意部位皮肤处。持续治疗至疾病痊愈为止。
实例97.治疗肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS)、眼咽肌营养不良症(OPMD)、强直性肌营养不良(MD)、杜氏肌营养不良症(DMD)、多发性肌炎(PM)、皮肌炎(DM)、包涵体肌炎(IBM)及其他肌肉疾病。
肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)中细胞死亡的发病机制可能涉及谷氨酸介导的神经兴奋毒性,氧化损伤和凋亡。存在于脊髓神经元和星形胶质细胞中的环氧合酶-2,可以催化合成前列腺素E2。
前列腺素E2刺激星形胶质细胞释放谷氨酸,而环氧合酶-2在产生前炎症细胞因子,活性氧物质和自由基的过程中也发挥着关键的作用。选择性COX-2抑制剂,塞来昔布的治疗明显抑制了ALS小鼠脊髓中的前列腺素E2的生产。塞来昔布的使用显著延迟了小鼠虚弱和体重减轻的时间,并提高了25%的存活率。分析治疗过的ALS小鼠的脊髓表现了前药对脊髓神经元的显著保护作用,并大大的降低了astrogliosis和小胶质细胞活性(Merit.E.Cudkowicz,et al.,Annals of neurology,52,771-778,2002)。结果表明,环氧合酶-2抑制剂可能有利于ALS患者。在此披露中的NSAIAs前药可以以极快的速度穿透皮肤和神经细胞膜的障碍(大多数NSAIAs不能有效地穿透神经细胞),还可以经皮供给而不伤害胃肠道,所以这些前药很有希望成为用于治疗多发性硬化症(MS)、克罗恩病以及其他自身免疫性疾病,肌萎缩侧索硬化症(肌萎缩侧索硬化症)、眼咽肌营养不良症(OPMD)、强直性肌营养不良(MD)、杜氏肌营养不良症(DMD)、多发性肌炎(PM)、皮肌炎(DM)、包涵体肌炎(IBM)及其他肌肉疾病。
对于肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS)、眼咽肌营养不良症(OPMD)、强直性肌营养不良(MD)、杜氏肌营养不良症(DMD)、多发性肌炎(PM)、皮肌炎(DM)、包涵体肌炎(IBM)及其他肌肉疾病高危人群,如有一个孪生姐妹或兄弟患有肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS)、眼咽肌营养不良症(OPMD)、强直性肌营养不良(MD)、杜氏肌营养不良症(DMD)、多发性肌炎(PM)、皮肌炎(DM)、包涵体肌炎(IBM)及其他肌肉疾病者,有肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS)、眼咽肌营养不良症(OPMD)、强直性肌营养不良(MD)、杜氏肌营养不良症(DMD)、多发性肌炎(PM)、皮肌炎(DM)、包涵体肌炎(IBM)及其他肌肉疾病家族病史者,携带肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS)、眼咽肌营养不良症(OPMD)、强直性肌营养不良(MD)、杜氏肌营养不良症(DMD)、多发性肌炎(PM)、皮肌炎(DM)、包涵体肌炎(IBM)及其他肌肉疾病相关突变基因者,取约0.3ml8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天一次或两次喷到身体任意部位皮肤处(为避免伤害皮肤,每次改变用药的部位)。
实例99.治疗器官移植排异反应.
移植排异反应是指移植受体对移植器官或组织发生的排异反应。这是由于受体的免疫系统攻击移植器官或组织造成的。排异反应是不可避免的,由于免疫系统的功能在于发现并清除体内的外来异物,如细菌和病毒等感染微生物。为将移植排异反应降到最低,可通过血清类型来选择最合适的匹配供体,并让患者服用副作用极大的免疫抑制药物。急性排异反应一般在移植术(超急排异多发生于手术时)一周后发生。急性排异在移植术后头三个月内发生的风险最大,也可能在术后数月甚至数年内发生。如果能及时诊断并治疗,单纯发生的急性排异不足为虑,且很少导致器官衰竭。然而,慢性炎症和对移植组织的免疫反应引起的慢性排异反应与复发有联系。长期使用免疫抑制药物会引起严重的副作用。正常剂量的NSAIAs的作用很小,而高剂量的NSAIAs则会引起严重的副作用。在此披露中的NSAIAs的高穿透性组合物可能是治疗器官移植排异的良药。
A).治疗和预防手臂移植排异反应
取约0.7ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,0.1ml1%N,N-二乙基氨基乙基-2-[1-[[(1R)-1-[3-[2-(7-氯喹啉-2-基)乙烯基]苯基]-3-[2-(2-羟基丙烷基-2-基)苯基]丙基]磺酰甲基]环丙基]醋酸盐.盐酸盐(孟鲁斯特的高穿透性组合物)25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到手臂或身体任意部位皮肤处。持续使用到排异反应消失为止(也可终身使用)。
B)治疗和预防手臂移植排异反应
取约0.7ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到手臂或身体任意部位皮肤处。持续使用到排异反应消失为止(也可终身使用)。
C).治疗和预防腿移植排异反应
取约0.7ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,0.1ml1%N,N-二乙基氨基乙基-2-[1-[[(1R)-1-[3-[2-(7-氯喹啉-2-基)乙烯基]苯基]-3-[2-(2-羟基丙烷基-2-基)苯基]丙基]磺酰甲基]环丙基]醋酸盐.盐酸盐(孟鲁斯特的高穿透性组合物)25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到腿或身体任意部位皮肤处。持续使用到排异反应消失为止(也可终身使用)。
D)治疗和预防颜面移植排异反应
取约0.7ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到脸部或身体任意部位皮肤处。持续使用到排异反应消失为止(也可终身使用)。
E)治疗和预防皮肤移植排异反应
取约0.7ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到植皮或身体任意部位皮肤处。持续使用到排异反应消失为止(也可终身使用)。
F).治疗和预防肺移植排异反应
取约0.7ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,0.1ml1%N,N-二乙基氨基乙基-2-[1-[[(1R)-1-[3-[2-(7-氯喹啉-2-基)乙烯基]苯基]-3-[2-(2-羟基丙烷基-2-基)苯基]丙基]磺酰甲基]环丙基]醋酸盐.盐酸盐(孟鲁斯特的高穿透性组合物)25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到胸前或身体任意部位皮肤处。持续使用到排异反应消失为止(也可终身使用)。
G)治疗和预防肺部移植排异反应
取约0.7ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,1mgN,N-二乙基氨基乙基-2-[1-[[(1R)-1-[3-[2-(7-氯喹啉-2-基)乙烯基]苯基]-3-[2-(2-羟基丙烷基-2-基)苯基]丙基]磺酰甲基]环丙基]醋酸盐.盐酸盐(孟鲁斯特的高穿透性组合物)25%乙醇溶液,每天两次吸入肺和/或上呼吸道内。持续使用到排异反应消失为止(也可终身使用)。
H).治疗和预防肝移植排异反应
取约0.7ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,0.1ml1%N,N-二乙基氨基乙基-2-[1-[[(1R)-1-[3-[2-(7-氯喹啉-2-基)乙烯基]苯基]-3-[2-(2-羟基丙烷基-2-基)苯基]丙基]磺酰甲基]环丙基]醋酸盐.盐酸盐(孟鲁斯特的高穿透性组合物)25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到肝部附近或身体任意部位皮肤处。持续使用到排异反应消失为止(也可终身使用)。
I).治疗和预防肾移植排异反应
取约0.7ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到肾脏附近或身体任意部位皮肤处。持续使用到排异反应消失为止(也可终身使用)。
实例100.治疗骨质疏松症
骨质疏松症是一种骨骼疾病,使骨折的危险性大为增加。其特征为骨密度(BMD)降低和骨的微细结构破坏,及骨骼内蛋白质的数量和种类发生了改变。骨骼内产生的花生酸和白细胞介素被认为参与了骨代谢的调节,这些调节物质过多或不足可能是引发骨质疏松症的基础[Raisz L(2005).J Clin Invest 115(12):3318-25]。骨形成和骨吸收是由成骨细胞的生理活动控制的,破骨细胞打破了这一活动的平衡,生成了多种激素或炎症干扰物质,引发骨骼异常,表现为骨量减少,如骨质疏松,或表现为骨量增加,如石骨症[Yang,S.,Chen,W.,Stashenko,P.and Li,Y-P,Journalof Cell Science.Oct.1;120:3362-71,(2007)]。牙周炎和牙髓/根尖周病等口腔感染疾病能诱导先天和适应性免疫反应,从而预防主体受到更多的感染,但是这一过程需要以局部组织和骨破坏作为代价。这些或其他疾病造成的骨质流失是由破骨细胞参与介导的[Battaglino R,etc.J.Cell Biochem.200(6):1387-94(2007)]。NSAIAs具有消炎活性,所以其高穿透性组合物可用于治疗骨质疏松症、柏哲氏病、骨转移、牙周炎及人和动物类风湿性关节炎。新型的临床和分子研究数据表明,炎症对骨代谢有显著的影响,诱导生成骨质疏松症。
成骨细胞和破骨细胞的调节过程涉及了许多炎症细胞因子,转向激活免疫程序的过程被假设为重要的风险因素。通常骨质疏松症会伴随慢性炎症,老龄化引起的免疫系统变化及其他病理条件产生,这些因素可能是患骨质疏松症的决定性发病因素[LiaGinaldi,Maria Cristina Di
Benedetto,and Massimo De Martinis(2005).Immunity&ageing,2:14]。NSAIAs的高穿透性组合物可用于治疗骨质疏松症,且几乎没有副作用。
实例101.治疗骨质疏松症
取约0.8ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到腿,手臂或身体任意部位皮肤处(为避免伤害皮肤,每次改变用药的部位)。持续使用到骨质疏松症痊愈为止(也可终身使用)。
实例102.治疗骨质疏松症
取约0.8ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基-2-(ρ-异丁基苯基)丙酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到腿,手臂或身体任意部位皮肤处(为避免伤害皮肤,每次改变用药的部位)。持续使用到骨质疏松症痊愈为止(也可终身使用)。
实例103.治疗骨质疏松症
取约0.8ml 8%二乙基氨基乙基-1-甲基-5-(4-苯甲酰基)-1H-吡咯-2-醋酸盐.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到腿,手臂或身体任意部位皮肤处(为避免伤害皮肤,每次改变用药的部位)。持续使用到骨质疏松症痊愈为止(也可终身使用)。
实例104.预防骨质疏松症.
对于骨质疏松症高危人群,如老年人,有一个孪生姐妹或兄弟患有骨质疏松症者,有骨质疏松症家族病史者,携带骨质疏松症相关突变基因者,取约0.3ml 8%的二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯.盐酸盐25%乙醇溶液,每天一次或两次喷到身体任意部位皮肤处(为避免伤害皮肤,每次改变用药的部位)。
实例105.桃树中N,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸盐和/或N,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰茉莉酸酯.柠檬酸盐的抗病毒、抗真菌及抗昆虫性.
将240棵桃树分为4组,每组60棵。各组的土地条件相同,包括整地和化肥使用情况。A组(n=60)未经任何化学药物处理,作为空白对照组。B组(n=60)用常规的杀真菌剂和杀虫剂处理。C组(n=60)用N,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸盐和杀虫剂处理。D组(n=60)用N,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸盐和N,N-二乙基氨基茉莉酮酸乙酯处理。在A组,发现了桃缩叶病、桃黑星病、褐腐病、黑结及其他一些真菌疾病,还发现了各种介壳虫、枝小蠹、桃树蛀虫、小桃树蛀虫、果蛾及其他疾病和昆虫,且没有收获优质(可食用)的果实。在B组,将100g含76%福美铁(N,N-二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸铁)的可湿性粉剂添加到50kg水中配成溶液,11月15日给B组桃树喷洒;将160g农用石灰和80g含95%硫磺的可湿性粉剂添加到50kg水中配成溶液,12月15日给B组桃树喷洒;将100g打克尼尔-2787(百菌清)添加到50kg水中配成溶液,3月1号给B组桃树喷洒;将80g含30%苯醚甲环唑的乳剂和80g含30%丙环唑的乳剂添加到50kg水中配成溶液,3月15日给B组桃树喷洒;将125g含50%克菌丹的可湿性粉剂、95g含76%福美铁的可湿性粉剂、80g含95%硫磺的可湿性粉剂和60g含50%甲基硫菌灵的可湿性粉剂添加到50kg水中配成溶液,4月2日(early pink)给B组桃树喷洒;将125g含有50%马拉息昂的乳剂和125g含有50%1-萘基甲基氨基甲酸酯的可湿性粉剂和100g含50%烯酰吗啉的可湿性粉剂添加到50kg水中配成溶液,4月15日给B组桃树喷洒;将125g含50%克菌丹的可湿性粉剂和60g含50%甲基硫菌灵的可湿性粉剂添加到50kg水中配成溶液,4月20号给B组桃树喷洒;将1.5kg含49%的M-Pede液添加到50kg水中配成溶液,4月25日给B组桃树喷洒;将125g含50%克菌丹的可湿性粉剂、100g含76%福美铁的可湿性粉剂、80g含95%硫磺的可湿性粉剂和60g含50%甲基硫菌灵的可湿性粉剂添加到50kg水中配成溶液,5月8日给B组桃树喷洒;将125g含50%马拉息昂的乳剂、125g含50%1-萘基甲基氨基甲酸酯的可湿性粉剂和50g含12.5%腈菌唑的乳剂添加到50kg水中配成溶液,5月15日给B组桃树喷洒;将125g含50%克菌丹的可湿性粉剂、100g含76%福美铁的可湿性粉剂、80g含95%硫磺的可湿性粉剂和60g含50%甲基硫菌灵的可湿性粉剂添加到50kg水中配成溶液,6月8日给B组桃树喷洒;将125g含50%马拉息昂的乳剂、125g含50%1-萘基甲基氨基甲酸酯的可湿性粉剂和100g含50%烯酰吗啉的可湿性粉剂添加到50kg水中配成溶液,6月16日给B组桃树喷洒;将125g含有50%克菌丹的可湿性粉剂和60g含50%甲基硫菌灵的可湿性粉剂添加到50kg水中配成溶液,6月26日给B组桃树喷洒。B组优质(可食用)的桃子的产量为2500kg。C组为N,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸盐处理组,将50gN,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸盐添加到50kg水中配成溶液,分别在11月15日、3月1日、3月20日及6月20日向C组桃树喷洒;将50gN,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸盐、125g含50%马拉息昂的乳剂、125g含50%1-萘基甲基氨基甲酸酯的可湿性粉剂和60g含50%甲基硫菌灵添加到50kg水中配成溶液,分别在4月1日、4月20日、5月10日及5月30日向C组桃树喷洒。C组优质(可食用)的桃子的产量为3000kg。D组为N,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸盐.盐酸盐和N,N-二乙基氨基茉莉酮酸乙酯处理组,将50gN,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸盐添加到50kg水中配成溶液,分别在11月5日、3月1日及3月20日向D组桃树喷洒;将50gN,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸盐、125g含有50%马拉息昂的乳剂和25gN,N-二乙基氨基茉莉酮酸乙酯.柠檬酸盐添加到50kg水中,分别于4月1日、4月20日、5月10日、5月30日及6月20日向D组桃树喷洒。D组可使用的桃子的产量为3200kg。结果表明,N,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸盐.盐酸盐和N,N-二乙基氨基茉莉酮酸乙酯.柠檬酸盐在桃树抗病毒、抗真菌及抗虫方面有良好的效果。C组和D组的产量比其他组高出很多,但只需使用少量的杀虫剂和抗真菌剂,劳动成本也降低很多,且收获期提前了一周。
实例106.红葡萄树中N,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸盐和N,N-二乙基氨基茉莉酮酸乙酯.柠檬酸盐的抗病毒、抗真菌及抗虫效果
将两英亩的葡萄树分为四组,每组1/2英亩。各组的土地条件相同,包括整地和化肥使用情况。A组未经任何化学药物处理,作为空白对照组。B组用常规的杀真菌剂和杀虫剂处理。C组用N,N-二乙基氨基乙酰水杨酸盐处理。D组用N,N-二乙基氨基乙酰水杨酸盐和N,N-二乙基氨基茉莉酮酸乙酯处理。在A组,发现了黑腐病、霜霉病、白粉病、炭疽病、茎枯病及其他一些真菌疾病,还发现了葡萄果蛾、葡萄根蛀虫、金花金龟、日本金龟子、葡萄番茄虫瘿及其他疾病和昆虫,且没有收获优质(可食用)的果实。在B组,将200g含有76%福美铁的可湿性粉剂添加到100kg水中配成溶液,11月15日给B组葡萄树喷洒;将160g含95%硫磺的可湿性粉剂和600g熟石灰添加到100kg水中配成溶液,12月15日给B组葡萄树喷洒;将200g百菌清添加到100kg水中配成溶液,3月10号给B组葡萄树喷洒;将250g含50%克菌丹的可湿性粉剂和200g含50%烯酰吗啉的可湿性粉剂添加到100kg水中配成溶液,3月20日给B组葡萄树喷洒;将30g含2%4’-表-甲氨基-4’-脱氧阿维菌素B1苯甲酸盐[甲胺基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(甲维盐)]的可湿性粉剂和120g含有50%甲基硫菌灵的可湿性粉剂添加到100kg水中配成溶液,3月30日给B组葡萄树喷洒;将200g含50%烯酰吗啉的可湿性粉剂和200g含80%代森锰锌的可湿性粉剂添加到100kg水中配成溶液,4月10日给B组葡萄树喷洒;将160g含30%恶醚唑的乳剂和160g含30%丙环唑的乳剂添加到100kg水中配成溶液,4月20日给B组葡萄树喷洒;将30g含2%4’-表-甲氨基-4’-脱氧阿维菌素B1苯甲酸盐[甲胺基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(甲维盐)]的可湿性粉剂、250g含50%1-萘基甲基氨基甲酸酯可湿性粉剂和100g含50%甲基硫菌灵的可湿性粉剂添加到100kg水中配成溶液,4月30日给B组葡萄树喷洒;将160g含30%恶醚唑的乳剂和160g含30%丙环唑的乳剂添加到100kg水中配成溶液,5月10日给B组葡萄树喷洒;将250g50%马拉息昂的乳剂、250g含50%1-萘基甲基氨基甲酸酯的可湿性粉剂和120g含50%甲基硫菌灵的可湿性粉剂添加到100kg水中配成溶液,5月20日给B组葡萄树喷洒;将250g含50%克菌丹的可湿性粉剂及30g含2%4’-表-甲氨基-4’-脱氧阿维菌素B1苯甲酸盐[甲胺基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(甲维盐)]的可湿性粉剂添加到100kg水中配成溶液,5月30日给B组葡萄树喷洒;将250含50%马拉息昂的乳剂、250g含50%1-萘基甲基氨基甲酸酯的可湿性粉剂和120g含50%甲基硫菌灵的可湿性粉剂添加到100kg水中配成溶液,6月8日给B组葡萄树喷洒;将250g含50%克菌丹的可湿性粉剂、200g含76%福美铁的可湿性粉剂添加到100kg水中配成溶液,6月18日给B组葡萄树喷洒;将160g含95%硫磺的可湿性粉剂和120g含50%甲基硫菌灵的可湿性粉剂添加到100kg水中配成溶液,6月25日给B组葡萄树喷洒;将250g含50%马拉息昂的乳剂、250g含50%1-萘基甲基氨基甲酸酯的可湿性粉剂和120g含50%甲基硫菌灵的可湿性粉剂添加到100kg水中配成溶液,7月2日给B组葡萄树喷洒;将160g含30%恶醚唑的乳剂和160g含30%丙环唑的乳剂添加到100kg水中配成溶液,7月10日给B组葡萄树喷洒;将250g含50%克菌丹的可湿性粉剂、200g含76%福美铁的可湿性粉剂、160g含95%硫磺的可湿性粉剂和120g含50%甲基硫菌灵的可湿性粉剂添加到50kg水中配成溶液,7月17日给B组葡萄树喷洒;将250g含50%马拉息昂的乳剂、250g含50%1-萘基甲基氨基甲酸酯和120g含50%甲基硫菌灵的可湿性粉剂添加到100kg水中配成溶液,7月24日给B组葡萄树喷洒;将250g含50%克菌丹的可湿性粉剂、200g含76%福美铁的可湿性粉剂、160g含95%硫磺的可湿性粉剂和120g含50%甲基硫菌灵的可湿性粉剂添加到100kg水中配成溶液,7月30日给B组葡萄树喷洒。B组优质(可食用)的葡萄的产量为5000kg。C组为N,N-二乙基氨基乙酰水杨酸盐处理组,将100gN,N-二乙基氨基乙酰水杨酸盐.盐酸盐添加到100kg水中配成溶液,分别在11月15日、2月20日、3月15日、4月5日、5月15日及6月25日向C组葡萄树喷洒;将100gN,N-二乙基氨基乙酰水杨酸盐、200g含50%马拉息昂的乳剂添加到100kg水中配成溶液,分别在4月25日、6月5日及6月30日向C组葡萄树喷洒。C组优质(可食用)的葡萄的产量为6300kg。D组为N,N-二乙基氨基乙酰水杨酸盐和N,N-二乙基氨基茉莉酮酸乙酯.柠檬酸盐处理组,将100gN,N-二乙基氨基乙酰水杨酸盐.盐酸盐添加到100kg水中配成溶液,分别在11月1日、2月20日及3月20日向D组葡萄树喷洒;将100gN,N-二乙基氨基乙酰水杨酸盐.盐酸盐和50gN,N-二乙基氨基茉莉酮酸乙酯.柠檬酸盐添加到100kg水中,分别于4月5日、4月20日、5月5日、5月20日、6月5日、6月20日、7月5日及7月25日向D组葡萄树喷洒。D组优质(可食用)的葡萄的产量为6700kg。结果表明,N,N-二乙基氨基乙酰水杨酸盐.盐酸盐和N,N-二乙基氨基茉莉酮酸乙酯.柠檬酸盐在葡萄树抗病毒、抗真菌及抗虫方面有良好的效果。C组和D组的产量比其他组高出很多,但只需使用少量的杀虫剂和抗真菌剂,劳动成本也降低很多,且收获期提前了10天。
实例107.水稻中N,N-二乙基氨基乙酰水杨酸盐的抗病毒、抗真菌及抗虫效果.
将两英亩的水稻分为四组,每组1/2英亩。各组的土地条件相同,包括整地和化肥使用情况。A组未经任何化学药物处理,作为空白对照组。B组用常规的杀真菌剂和杀虫剂处理。C组用N,N-二乙基氨基乙酰水杨酸盐.盐酸盐处理。D组用N,N-二乙基氨基乙酰水杨酸盐.盐酸盐和N,N-二乙基氨基茉莉酮酸乙酯.柠檬酸盐处理。在A组,发现了稻瘟病、稻纹枯病、稻菌核病、稻叶鞘腐败病、茎腐病、褐色叶斑病、稻叶黑粉病、稻叶窄斑病、粒黑粉病、穗瘟及其他病害,且只收获了200kg劣质水稻。
在B组,将200g含5%井冈霉素的水溶液添加到100kg水中配成溶液,7月1日给B组水稻喷洒;将30g含10%吡虫啉的可湿性粉剂添加到100kg水中配成溶液,7月5日给B组水稻喷洒;将30g含10%吡虫啉的可湿性粉剂和200g含50%多菌灵的可湿性粉剂添加到100kg水中配成溶液,7月12日给B组水稻喷洒;将250g含50%马拉息昂的乳剂和120g纯度为11.7%的丙环唑添加到100kg水中配成溶液,7月20号给B组水稻喷洒;将200g含5%井冈霉素的水溶液倒入100kg水中配成溶液,7月30日给B组水稻喷洒;将180g含70%百菌清的可湿性粉剂添加到100kg水中,8月8日给B组水稻喷洒;将250g含50%马拉息昂的乳液和200g含5%井冈霉素的水溶液添加到100kg的水中,8月17日给B组水稻喷洒;将30g含10%吡虫啉的可湿性粉剂和200g含50%多菌灵的可湿性粉剂添加到100kg水中,8月26日及9月8日给B组水稻喷洒;将250g含50%马拉息昂的乳液和200g含5%井冈霉素的水溶液添加到100kg水中配成溶液,9月20日及10月10日B组水稻喷洒。B组共收获1500kg优质水稻。C组为N,N-二乙基氨基乙酰水杨酸盐.盐酸盐处理组,将30g含10%吡虫啉的可湿性粉剂和100gN,N-二乙基氨基乙酰水杨酸盐.盐酸盐添加到100kg水中配成溶液,分别在7月1日、7月12日、7月25日、8月10日、8月25日、9月10日及9月25日向C组水稻喷洒;C组共收获1800kg优质水稻。D组为N,N-二乙基氨基乙酰水杨酸盐.盐酸盐和N,N-二乙基氨基茉莉酮酸乙酯.柠檬酸盐处理组,将50gN,N-二乙基氨基茉莉酮酸乙酯.柠檬酸盐和100gN,N-二乙基氨基乙酰水杨酸盐.盐酸盐添加到100kg水中配成溶液,分别在7月1日、7月12日、7月25日、8月10日、8月25日、9月10日及9月25日给D组水稻喷洒。D组共收获1850kg优质水稻。结果表明,N,N-二乙基氨基乙酰水杨酸盐.盐酸盐和N,N-二乙基氨基茉莉酮酸乙酯.柠檬酸盐在水稻抗病毒、抗真菌及抗虫方面有良好的效果。C组和D组的产量比其他组高出很多,但只需使用少量的杀虫剂和抗真菌剂,且收获期提前了5天。实例108.前列腺素的高穿透性组合物在促进头发和睫毛生长上的应用.
取约0.2ml1%的N,N-二乙基氨基乙基-11,15-二羟基-9-酮前列-13-烯-1-酸.氢溴酸盐的高穿透性组合物(前列腺素E1的高穿透性组合物),N,N-二乙基氨基乙基-(Z)-7-{[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-二羟基-2-[1E,3S]-3-羟基-5-苯基-1-戊烯基]环戊基}-5-N-庚烯酸乙酯.氢溴酸盐(比马前列素的高穿透性组合物),(13,14-二氢-17-苯基-18,19,20-二去甲前列腺素F2αN,N-二乙基氨基乙基酯,N,N-二乙基氨基乙基(Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-二羟基-2-[(1E,3R)-3-羟基-4-[(a,a,a-三氟间甲苯氧基]-1-丁烯基]环戊基]-5-庚烯酸.氢溴酸盐,或13,14-二羟基-15-酮基-20-乙基前列腺素F2αN,N-二乙基氨基乙基酯水溶液,涂抹到睫毛附近皮肤处(每只眼睛使用0.1ml溶液)。持续治疗一个月后,睫毛会变长变茂密。
取约1ml1%N,N-二乙基氨基乙基-11,15-二羟基-9-酮前列-13-烯-1-酸.氢溴酸盐(前列腺素E1的高穿透性组合物),N,N-二乙基氨基乙基-(Z)-7-{[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-二羟基-2-[1E,3S]-3-羟基-5-苯基-1-戊烯基]环戊基}-5-N-庚烯酸乙酯.氢溴酸盐(比马前列腺素的高穿透性组合物),(13,14-二氢-17-苯基-18,19,20-二去甲前列腺素F2αN,N-二乙基氨基乙基酯,N,N-二乙基氨基乙基-(Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-二羟基-2-[(1E,3R)-3-羟基-4-[(a,a,a-三氟间甲苯氧基]-1-丁烯基]环戊基]-5-庚烯酸.氢溴酸盐,或13,14-二羟基-15-酮基-20-乙基前列腺素F2αN,N-二乙基氨基乙基酯水溶液,涂抹头前部和顶部皮肤处。一个月后,头发会变长变茂密。
前列腺素的上述高穿透性组合物及其他高穿透性组合物会刺激毛发和睫毛的生长,可用于化妆品行业。
实例109孕酮的高穿透性组合物的应用
孕酮在胎儿、神经系统、免疫系统及其他许多系统的发育中起着非常重要的作用。其既具有消炎作用,还可以调节免疫反应。由于口服时孕酮的生物利用度极低,因此透皮给药具有极大的优势。阴道给药和直肠给药也是有效的,FDA2007年6月批准的ENDOMETRIN(孕酮)可以帮助胚胎着床,稳定早期妊娠,使用方法为阴道用药100mg,FDA批准的其他产品如CRINONE和PROCHIEVE生物粘附孕酮阴道凝胶,可在不育和怀孕期间使用。孕酮也可注射给药,可用于治疗多发性硬化症,正如怀孕期间由于身体会分泌大量孕酮,可以主动修复损伤神经髓鞘;可用于预防有早产风险产妇的胎儿早产;可使男性和女性保持青春。据观察,在动物模型中,雌性动物较少受到创伤性脑损伤[Roof RL,Hall ED(May 2000).″genderdifferences in acute CNS trauma and stroke:neuroprotective effects ofestrogenand progesterone″.J.Neurotrauma 17(5):367-88.]。人体临床试验也得出了令人鼓舞的成果[Wright DW,et.al.(2007),Ann Emerg Med 49(4):391-402,402e1-2.;XiaoG,et.al.(2008)Crit Care 12(2):R61.]。孕酮的保护机制可能是由于其消除了脑外伤产生的炎症[Pan DS,et.al.(2007),Biomed.Environ.Sci.20(5):432-8.]。
A).治疗脑外伤
取约0.5ml2%N-(4-N,N-二乙基氨基乙酯基)苯基亚胺孕酮.盐酸盐异丙醇溶液,每天三次喷到颈部、胸部、脸部或任意部位皮肤处。持续使用至脑外伤痊愈为止。
B).治疗中风
取约0.5ml 2%N-(4-N,N-二乙基氨基乙酯基)苯基亚胺孕酮.盐酸盐异丙醇溶液,每天三次喷到颈部、胸部、脸部或任意部位皮肤处。持续使用至中风痊愈为止。
C).帮助胚胎着床稳定早期妊娠
取约0.3ml2%N-(4-N,N-二乙基氨基乙酯基)苯基亚胺孕酮.盐酸盐异丙醇溶液,每天三次喷到任意部位皮肤处。依据需要持续使用。
D).治疗盘状红斑狼疮
取约0.3ml2%N-(4-N,N-二乙基氨基乙酯基)苯基亚胺孕酮.盐酸盐异丙醇溶液,每天三次喷到患病皮肤处。持续治疗至盘状红斑狼疮痊愈为止。
E).治疗系统性红斑狼疮
取约0.5ml2%N-(4-N,N-二乙基氨基乙酯基)苯基亚胺孕酮.盐酸盐异丙醇溶液,每天三次喷到患病器官附近的皮肤处。持续治疗至系统性红斑狼疮痊愈为止。
F).治疗多发性硬化症(MS).
取约0.5ml2%N-(4-N,N-二乙基氨基乙酯基)苯基亚胺孕酮.盐酸盐异丙醇溶液,每天三次喷到患病器官附近的皮肤处。持续治疗至MS痊愈为止。实例110.高穿透性组合物在体内的运输和治疗癌症的芥子气及相关化合物的高穿透性组合物的应用.
研究A:苯丁酸氮芥及N,N-二乙基氨基乙基-4-[双(2-氯乙醇)氨基]苯丁酸酯.盐酸盐对人体胃癌HGC-27细胞增殖的抑制
活细胞可以将蓝色偶氮转变为深蓝色甲臜,据此可由修正过的二甲基偶氮二苯基四唑盐(MTT)[3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-苯基四唑氢溴酸盐]测定法测得细胞增殖抑制率。将大约3500个HGC-27细胞(100pl培养液)接种到96孔培养板上,37℃条件下培养16小时。分别添加不同浓度的紫杉醇(阳性对照)、苯丁酸氮芥、或N,N-二乙基氨基乙基-4-[双(2-氯乙醇)氨基]苯丁酸酯.盐酸盐(苯丁酸氮芥的高穿透性组合物)溶液(100pl),继续在37℃条件下培养72小时。添加MTT,37℃条件下继续培养4小时后,用移液管取100pl DMSO在室温下溶解产物甲臜30分钟。设置Bio-Rad酶标仪(电泳实验使用前储存-20℃条件下)波长为570nm,测定其吸光度。结果见表110a。
表110a:苯丁酸氮芥及其高穿透性组合物对HGC-27细胞的生长抑制率.
结果表明,与母药苯丁酸氮芥相比,其高穿透性组合物就有极强的移植癌细胞生长活性。
研究B:为了评价抗肿瘤活性,将从多发性骨髓瘤患者的腹水中获得的人体骨髓瘤细胞系植入小鼠体内。共进行了17组小鼠实验。对照组(A,口服),苯丁酸氮芥(B1:1mg/kg,口服,B2,3mg/kg,口服,B3:1mg/kg,透皮给药,B4:3mg/kg,透皮给药),(左旋)苯丙氨酸氮芥(C1:1mg/kg,口服,C2,3mg/kg,口服,C3:1mg/kg,透皮给药,C4:3mg/kg,透皮给药),N,N-二乙基氨基乙基-4-[双(2-氯乙醇)氨基]苯丁酸酯.氢溴酸盐(苯丁酸氮芥的高穿透性组合物(D1:1mg/kg,口服,D2:3mg/kg,口服,D3:1mg/kg,透皮给药,D4:3mg/kg,透皮给药),及4-[双(2-氯乙醇)氨基]-N-乙酰基-L-苯基丙氨基N,N-二乙基氨基乙基酯氢溴化物((左旋)苯丙氨酸氮芥的高穿透性组合物)(E1:1mg/kg,口服,E2,3mg/kg,口服,E3:1mg/kg,透皮给药,E4:3mg/kg,透皮给药)。结果见表110b。
表110b:使用芥子气及其高穿透性组合物(新型高穿透性组合物)对患多发性骨髓瘤小鼠延长生命的影响.
结果表明,与母药相比,其高穿透性组合物具有更强的抗肿瘤活性,且透皮给药高穿透性组合物药效优于口服给药。
实例111.芥子气的高穿透性组合物的抗肿瘤活性
以目前的技术来看,癌细胞和正常细胞的差别很小。几乎所有的抗癌药物在杀死癌症细胞的同时,也会杀死正常细胞,特别是快速分裂的正常体细胞,如毛囊细胞、胃肠道内层细胞及涉及免疫防御系统的骨髓细胞。目前最常见的化疗副作用包括:恶心、脱发、增加易感性及许多其他的癌症患者副作用。
在此披露中的高穿透性组合物可以透皮给药。透皮给药治疗癌症具有以下优势:避免了抗癌药物对胃肠道的直接伤害和胃肠道及肝脏的“首过”效应引起的药物活性降低;可以在目的区间提供有效的局部药物浓度而残留量非常低;较之全身给药,局部给药使用较小剂量的药物,从而降低了抗癌药物的副作用。
将从多发性骨髓瘤患者的腹水中获得的人体骨髓瘤细胞系植入小鼠体内。将小鼠分为11组:对照组(A,口服),(左旋)苯丙氨酸氮芥(B1和B2,口服),苯丁酸氮芥(C1和C2,口服),N,N-二乙基氨基乙基-4-[双(2-氯乙醇)氨基]苯丁酸酯.氢溴酸盐(D1和D2,透皮给药),4-[双(2-氯乙醇)氨基]-N-乙酰基-L-苯基丙氨基N,N-二乙基氨基乙基酯氢溴化物(E1和E2,5%水溶液透皮给药)及二乙基氨基乙基-4-[双(2-甲基磺酰乙基)氨基]苯丁酸酯.盐酸盐(F1和F2,5%水溶液透皮给药)。第21天称量记录小鼠的体重减轻值。
结果(表111)表明透皮给药剂量为1.5mg/kg的芥子气的高穿透性组合物具有强效的抗肿瘤活性,且副作用较小(体重减轻较少)。
表111:使用芥子气及其高穿透性组合物对患癌小鼠延长生命和减轻体重的影响
实例112.治疗多发性骨髓瘤.
取约0.2ml2%N,N-二乙基氨基乙基-4-[双(2-氯乙醇)氨基]苯丁酸酯.氢溴酸盐50%乙醇溶液,每天两次喷到身体任意部位皮肤处(为避免重复用药伤害皮肤,每次改变用药的部位)。治疗持续至病症(多发性骨髓瘤)消失为止(也可终身使用)。
实例113.治疗脑瘤.
取约0.1ml2%N,N-二乙基氨基乙基-4-[双(2-氯乙醇)氨基]苯丁酸酯.氢溴酸盐50%乙醇溶液,每天两次涂抹于头部患肿瘤附近皮肤处(为避免重复用药伤害皮肤,每次改变用药的部位)。治疗持续至脑瘤消失为止。
实例114.治疗脑瘤.
取约0.01ml5%N,N-二乙基氨基乙基-4-[双(2-氯乙醇)氨基]苯丁酸酯.氢溴酸盐水溶液,每周两次注射入肿瘤内。治疗持续至脑瘤消失为止。
实例115.治疗皮肤癌.
取约0.5ml0.1%N,N-二乙基氨基乙基-4-[双(2-氯乙醇)氨基]苯丁酸酯.氢溴酸盐50%乙醇溶液,每天两次涂抹于肿瘤患处或患皮肤癌附近皮肤处。治疗持续至脑瘤消失为止。
实例116.N,N-二乙基氨基乙基-4-[双(2-氯乙醇)氨基]苯丁酸酯.氢溴酸盐治疗乳腺癌
取0.2ml5%N,N-二乙基氨基乙基-4-[双(2-氯乙醇)氨基]苯丁酸酯.氢溴酸盐水溶液(或50%乙醇溶液),每三天一次直接使用于患肿瘤皮肤处。取0.2ml20%N,N-二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯水溶液(或50%乙醇溶液),每天两次使用于相同部位皮肤处(勿与第一种药物混合)。
实例117.N,N-二乙基氨基乙基-4-[双(2-氯乙醇)氨基]苯丁酸酯.氢溴酸盐治疗白血病
取0.2ml20%N,N-二乙基氨基乙基-4-[双(2-氯乙醇)氨基]苯丁酸酯.氢溴酸盐水溶液(或50%乙醇溶液),每周两次直接使用于身体任意部位皮肤处(为避免长期使用伤害皮肤,每次改变用药的部位)。
实例118:高穿透性组合物的减肥作用
高穿透性组合物作用于SD大鼠的减肥作用
多肽对于所有的生命体起着重要的作用。多肽激素是激素中最大的一类。在生命过程中,多肽起了很重要的作用。但是,多肽及其相关化合物在蛋白水解酶的作用下很容易被水解。肽在被口服后几分钟之内就会分解。如果采用注射的方式,不仅会带来疼痛,而且,对于慢性病,就需要一个长期的、昂贵的地方用于注射。
肠抑制素[缬氨酸-脯氨酸-天冬氨酸-脯氨酸-精氨酸Val-Pro-Asp-Pro-Arg(VPDPR),缬氨酸-脯氨酸-甘氨酸-脯氨酸-精氨酸Val-Pro-Gly-Pro-Arg(VPGPR)以及丙氨酸-脯氨酸-甘氨酸-脯氨酸-精氨酸Ala-Pro-Gly-Pro-Arg(APGPR)]由胰蛋白酶裂解后产生的胰共脂解酶原的末端氨基合成,属于脑肠肽。它们控制脂肪摄入,可用于治疗肥胖。(Erlanson-Albertsson C,York D,Obes.Rev.1997Jul;5(4):360-72andSorhede M,Mei J,Erlanson-Albertsson C.,J Physiol.87:273-275,1993)。
20只雌性SD大鼠(20周,320-345g)分成A、B两组,每组10只。在每只A组大鼠背上涂0.2ml水,一天2次,连续使用30天;在每只B组大鼠背上,按10mg/kg的剂量,涂0.2ml缬氨酸-脯氨酸-甘氨酸-脯氨酸-精氨酸(硝基)丁酯盐酸盐(H-Val-Pro-Gly-Pro-Arg(NO2)-OCH2CH2CH2CH3.HCl)水溶液,一天2次,连续使用30天。结果见表118a。
表118a:缬氨酸-脯氨酸-甘氨酸-脯氨酸-精氨酸(硝基)丁酯盐酸盐H-Val-Pro-Gly-Pro-Arg(NO2)-OCH2CH2CH2CH3.HCl对于SD大鼠的减肥作用
结果显示多肽缬氨酸-脯氨酸-甘氨酸-脯氨酸-精氨酸(硝基)丁酯盐酸盐H-Val-Pro-Gly-Pro-Arg(NO2)-OCH2CH2CH2CH3.HCl可以有效降低大鼠体重。空白对照组的大鼠比使用多肽组的大鼠重17%。
高穿透性多肽化合物作用于肥胖小鼠的减肥作用
20只肥胖/糖尿病小鼠(SLAC/DB/DB)(16周,55-60g)分成A、B两组,每组10只。在每只A组大鼠背上涂0.1ml水,一天2次,连续使用30天;在每只B组大鼠背上,按15mg/kg的剂量,涂0.1ml 缬氨酸-脯氨酸-甘氨酸-脯氨酸-精氨酸(硝基)丁酯盐酸盐H-Val-Pro-Gly-Pro-Arg(NO2)-OCH2CH2CH2CH3.HCl的水溶液,一天2次,连续使用30天。结果见表118b。
表118b:缬氨酸-脯氨酸-甘氨酸-脯氨酸-精氨酸(硝基)丁酯盐酸盐H-Val-Pro-Gly-Pro-Arg(NO2)-OCH2CH2CH2CH3.HCl对于肥胖小鼠(SLAC/DB/DB)的减肥作用
结果显示多肽H-Val-Pro-Gly-Pro-Arg(NO2)-OCH2CH2CH2CH3.HCl可以有效降低肥胖小鼠体重。空白对照组的小鼠比使用多肽组的小鼠重26%。
实例119:治疗肥胖
在颈、脸、背或其它部位皮肤上外用0.3ml左有浓度为5%的H-AIa-Pro-Gly-Pro-Arg(NO2)-OCH2CH2CH2CH3.HCl溶液,溶剂为25%酒精,每天使用3次。达到健康体重前可调整剂量。
实例120:盐酸-天冬酰胺-丙氨酸-脯氨酸-缬氨酸-丝氨酸-异亮氨酸-脯氨酸-谷氨酰胺乙酯HCI.H-Asn-Ala-Pro-Val-Ser-Ile-Pro-GIn-OCH2CH3治疗阿尔茨海默病
20mg H-Asn-Ala-Pro-Val-Ser-Ile-Pro-GIn-OCH2CH3盐酸盐溶解于0.5ml水,将水溶液每天两次外用于颈、脸、背或其它部位,用于治疗阿尔茨海默病。
实例121:抗菌剂和高穿透性组合物抗菌剂的最小抑菌浓度(MICs)
按照Jennifer M.Andrews,Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 48,suppl.S1,5-16(2001)的方法测定抗菌剂和高穿透性组合物抗菌剂的最小抑菌浓度浓度。实验结果(表21)表明高穿透性组合物抗菌剂可以降低β-内酰胺对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的最小抑制浓度(MIC),比它们的母药更有效。测试的化合物有:6-苯氧基乙酰氨基青霉素酸-1-哌啶乙酯盐酸盐(青霉素V-PEE)、青霉素V、6-(2,6-二甲氧基苯甲酰胺)青霉素酸-2-吡咯烷甲酯盐酸盐(甲氧苯青霉素-PME)、甲氧苯青霉素、7-[[(2-乙酰氨基-4-噻唑基)(甲氧亚氨基)乙酰基]氨基]-8-酮-5-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[4.2.0]辛-2-烯-2-羧酸-2-二乙基氨基乙酯盐酸盐(头孢唑肟-DEE)以及头孢唑肟。结果显示高穿透性组合物的抗-抗微生物效果强于它们的母药。
表121:不同的抗菌剂以及高穿透性组合物抗菌剂对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的最小抑制浓度(MIC)(mg/L)
实例122:格列波脲-N,N-二甲氨基乙酯盐酸盐对糖尿病的治疗作用
A.格列波脲-N,N-二甲氨基乙酯盐酸盐的制备
将367g格列波脲{N-[[(3-羟基-4,7,7-三甲基双环[2.2.1]庚-2-基)氨基]羰基]-4-甲基苯磺酰胺}和120ml三乙胺溶解于乙酸乙酯中(2升)。再加入150g N,N-二甲氨基乙酰氯,搅拌2小时。反应液分别用水(1x1升)、5%NaHCO3(1x1升)、水(1x1升)、10%柠檬酸(1x1升)、水(3x1升)洗。加入无水硫酸钠干燥,再过滤掉硫酸钠。通入35g盐酸气。过滤出固体产物并用乙酸乙酯洗3次(3x1升)。
B.药物缓释系统
将1ml 20%格列波脲-N,N-二甲氨基乙酯盐酸盐的水溶液(或者50%EtOH作为溶剂)加入一种具有面向皮肤的药物可渗透的底部(面积约4cm2)的蓄存器,这种蓄存器可以戴在手臂、腿或者身体的其它部位。通过控制渗透速度,该系统可以使格列波脲-N,N-二甲氨基乙酯盐酸盐稳定保持在最佳血药浓度,维持血糖在最佳的水平。
实例123:阿替洛尔治疗高血压
将100mg阿替洛尔盐酸盐溶解于1ml纯水中,加入到一种具有面向皮肤的药物可渗透的底部(面积约4cm2)的蓄存器,这种蓄存器可以戴在手臂、腿或者身体的其它部位。通过控制溶液的渗透速度,该系统可以使阿替洛尔稳定保持在最佳血药浓度,维持血压在最佳的水平。
实例124:去氧孕烯-N,N-二甲氨基乙酯盐酸盐和乙炔雌二醇-N,N-二甲氨基乙酯盐酸盐对女性的避孕作用
将2mg去氧孕烯-N,N-二甲氨基乙酯盐酸盐和0.4mg乙炔雌二醇-N,N-二甲氨基乙酯盐酸盐混合于聚乙二醇,形成凝胶。把该凝胶装入一种贴片(约3cm2),使去氧孕烯和乙炔雌二醇稳定保持在最佳血药浓度,以此达到对女性的避孕作用。
实例125:非甾体类抗炎药的高穿透性组合物治疗肌萎缩侧索硬化症
肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)中细胞死亡的发病机制可能涉及谷氨酸介导的神经兴奋毒性,氧化损伤和凋亡。存在于脊髓神经元和星形胶质细胞中的环氧合酶-2,可以催化合成前列腺素E2。前列腺素E2刺激星形胶质细胞释放谷氨酸,而环氧合酶-2在产生前炎症细胞因子,活性氧物质和自由基的过程中也发挥着关键的作用。选择性COX-2抑制剂,塞来昔布的治疗明显抑制了ALS小鼠脊髓中的前列腺素E2的生产。塞来昔布的使用显著延迟了小鼠虚弱和体重减轻的时间,并提高了25%的存活率。分析治疗过的ALS小鼠的脊髓表现了前药对脊髓神经元的显著保护作用,并大大的降低了星形胶质化和小胶质细胞活性(Merit.E.Cudkowicz,et al.,Annals of neurology,52,771-778,2002)。结果表明,环氧合酶-2抑制剂可能有利于ALS患者。
在此披露中的非甾体类抗炎药的高穿透性组合物可以以极快的速度穿透皮肤和神经细胞膜的障碍,还可以经皮供给而不伤害胃肠道,所以这些高穿透性组合物很有希望成为用于治疗肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)、眼咽肌营养不良症(OPMD)、强直性肌营养不良(MD)、杜氏肌营养不良症(DMD)、多发性肌炎(PM)、皮肌炎(DM)、包涵体肌炎(IBM)及其他肌肉疾病。
实例126:治疗灰发或白发
将0.3ml左右8%二乙基氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯盐酸盐溶液(溶剂:25%酒精)喷于头皮或头发上,每天使用两次,直到发色变回自然色。
Claims (18)
1.母药的高穿透性组合物,其包含选自以下的结构:图6中的结构式D5-1,结构式D5-2,结构式D5-3,结构式D5-4,结构式D5-5,结构式D5-6,结构式D5-7,结构式D5-8,结构式D5-9,结构式D5-10,结构式D5-11,结构式D5-12,结构式D5-13,结构式D5-14,结构式D5-15,结构式D5-16,结构式D5-17,结构式D5-18,结构式D5-19,结构式D5-20,结构式D5-21,结构式D5-22,结构式D5-23,结构式D5-24,结构式D5-25,结构式D5-26,结构式D5-27,结构式D5-28,结构式D5-29,结构式D5-30,结构式D5-31,结构式D5-32,结构式D5-33,结构式D5-34,结构式D5-35,结构式D5-36,结构式D5-37,结构式D5-38,结构式D5-39,结构式D5-40,结构式D5-41,结构式D5-42,结构式D5-43,结构式D5-44,结构式D5-45,结构式D5-46,结构式D5-47,结构式D5-48,结构式D5-49,结构式D5-50,结构式D5-51,结构式D5-52,结构式D5-53,结构式D5-54,结构式D5-55,结构式D5-56,结构式D5-57,结构式D5-58,结构式D5-59,结构式D5-60,结构式D5-61,结构式D5-62,结构式D5-63,结构式D5-64,结构式D5-65,结构式D5-66,结构式D5-67,结构式D5-68,结构式D5-69,结构式D5-70,结构式D5-71,结构式D5-72,结构式D5-73,结构式D5-74,结构式D5-75,结构式D5-76,结构式D5-77,结构式D5-78,结构式D5-79,结构式D5-80,结构式D5-81,结构式D5-82,结构式D5-83,结构式D5-84,结构式D5-85,结构式D5-86,结构式D5-87,结构式D5-88,结构式D5-89,结构式D5-90,结构式D5-91,结构式D5-92,结构式D5-93,结构式D5-94,结构式D5-95,结构式D5-96,结构式D5-97,结构式D5-98,结构式D5-99,结构式D5-100,结构式D5-101,结构式D5-102,结构式D5-103,结构式D5-104,结构式D5-105,结构式D5-106,结构式D5-107,结构式D5-108,结构式D5-109,结构式D5-110,结构式D5-111,结构式D5-112,结构式D5-113,结构式D5-114,结构式D5-115,结构式D5-116,结构式D5-117,结构式D5-118,结构式D5-119,结构式D5-120,结构式D5-121,结构式D5-122,结构式D5-123,结构式D5-124,结构式D5-125,结构式D5-126,结构式D5-127,结构式D5-128,结构式D5-129,结构式D5-130,结构式D5-131,结构式D5-132,结构式D5-133,结构式D5-134,结构式D5-135,结构式D5-136,结构式D5-137,结构式D5-138,结构式D5-139,结构式D5-140,结构式D5-141,结构式D5-142,结构式D5-143,结构式D5-144,结构式D5-145,结构式D5-146,结构式D5-147,结构式D5-148,结构式D5-149,结构式D5-150,结构式D5-151,结构式D5-152,结构式D5-153,结构式D5-154,结构式D5-155,结构式D5-156,结构式D5-157,结构式D5-158,结构式D5-159,结构式D5-160,结构式D5-161,结构式D5-162,结构式D5-163,结构式D5-164,结构式D5-165,结构式D5-166,结构式D5-167,结构式D5-168,结构式D5-169,结构式D5-170,结构式D5-171,结构式D5-172,结构式D5-173,结构式D5-174,结构式D5-175,结构式D5-176,结构式D5-177,结构式D5-178,结构式D5-179,结构式D5-180,结构式D5-181,结构式D5-182,结构式D5-183,结构式D5-184,结构式D5-185,结构式D5-186,结构式D5-187,结构式D5-188,结构式D5-189,结构式D5-190,结构式D5-191,结构式D5-192,结构式D5-193,结构式D5-194,结构式D5-195,结构式D5-196,结构式D5-197,结构式D5-198,结构式D51-199,结构式D5-200,结构式D5-201,结构式D5-202,结构式D5-203,结构式D5-204,结构式D5-205,结构式D5-206,结构式D5-207,结构式D5-208,结构式D5-209,结构式D5-210,结构式D5-211,结构式D5-212,结构式D5-213,结构式D5-214,结构式D5-215,结构式D5-216,结构式D5-217,结构式D5-218,结构式D5-219,结构式D5-220,结构式D5-221,结构式D5-222,结构式D5-223,结构式D5-224,结构式D5-225,结构式D5-226,结构式D5-227,结构式D5-228,结构式D5-229,结构式D5-230,结构式D5-231,结构式D5-232,结构式D5-233,结构式D5-234,结构式D5-235,结构式D5-236,结构式D5-237,结构式D5-238,结构式D5-239,结构式D5-240,结构式D5-241,结构式D5-242和结构式D5-243,结构式L,结构式L-3和结构式L-4:
包括其立体异构体以及药学可接受的盐,其中:
T选自结构式T-1,结构式T-2,结构式T-3,结构式T-4,结构式T-5,结构式T-6,结构式T-7,结构式T-8,结构式T-9,结构式T-10,结构式T-11,结构式T-12,结构式T-13,结构式T-14,结构式T-15,结构式T-16,结构式T-17和结构式T-18;
L1选自:无,O,S,-N(L3)-,-N(L3)-CH2-O,-N(L3)-CH2-N(L5)-,-O-CH2-O-,-O-CH(L3)-O和-S-CH(L3)-O-;
L4选自:无,C=O,C=S,
L41选自:无,N,N-O,N-N(L3),N-S,N-O-CH2-O,N-S-CH2-O,N-L3,N-O-L3,N-N(L3)-L5,和L3;
L3和L5分别独立选自:无,H,-CH2COOL6,取代的和未被取代的烷基,取代的和未被取代的环烷基,取代的和未被取代的杂环烷基,取代的和未被取代的芳基,取代的和未被取代的杂芳基,取代的和未被取代的烷氧基,取代的和未被取代的烷硫基,取代的和未被取代的烷氨基,取代的和未被取代的全氟烷基,以及取代的和未被取代的卤代烷基,其中,任意碳原子或者氢原子可以进一步独立地被O,S,P,NL3或任何其他药学可接受的基团代替;
Fg选自F1,F2,F-MA和F-MB;
Y、Y1至Y14分别独立选自H、Cl、F、Br、I、CN、R10、CH3C≡C、CR6≡C、P(O)OR6、CF3、CF3O、CH3、CF3CF2、R5、R6、R7、R8、CF3CF2O、CH3CH2、CH3CH2CH2、(CH3)2CH、(CH3)2CHCH2、CH3CH2CH(CH3)、(CH3)3C、C4H9、C5H11、CH3CO、CH3CH2CO、R5CO、CH3OC(=O)、CH3CH2OC(=O)、R5OC(=O)、R6C(=NOR5)、R6C(=NR5)、CH3COO、R5COO、R5COOCH2、R6NHCOOCH2、CH3COS、CH3O、R5O、HO、R10O、CF3CH2SCH2、CHCl2、CH2COOR6、CH3S、R5S、HS、R10S、CH3OCH2CH2、R5OCH2、R10OCH2CH2、R5O(C=O)、C2H5OCONH、CH2NHR8、CH3OCONH、CH3SO2、CH3SO、R5SO2、R5SO、NH2SO2、C6H5CH2、NH2、NHR10、环丁基、环丙基、4-氯苯基、4-氟苯基、CH2=CH、CH2=CHCH2、CH3CH=CH、NHR5SO2、N(R5)2SO2、R5OCH2CH2CH2或NO2;
X、X1、X2、X3、X4、X5和X6分别独立选自H、CH3、R5、CH2、CHR6、S、O、NR6、CO、CH、CR6、P(O)OR6、N、CH2=C、CH=CH、C≡C、CONH、CSNH、COO、OCO、COS、COCH2和CH2CO;
R3、R4、R5、R6、R7或R8分别独立选自H、OH、Cl、F、Br、I、取代的和未被取代的烷基、取代的和未被取代的环烷基、取代的和未被取代的杂环烷基、取代的和未被取代的芳基、取代的和未被取代的杂芳基、取代的和未被取代的烷氧基、取代的和未被取代的烷硫基、取代的和未被取代的烷氨基、取代的和未被取代的全氟烷基、以及取代的和未被取代的卤代烷基,其中任意碳原子或氢原子可以进一步独立地被O、S、N、P(O)OL7、CH=CH、C≡C、CHL7、CL5L7、芳基、杂芳基或环状基团代替;
L2、L8、L9和L10分别独立选自:无、-O-、-S-、-N(L3)-、-O-N(L3)-、-N(L3)-O-、-N(L3)-N(L5)-、-N(L3)-CH2-O-、-N(L3)-CH2-N(L5)-、-O-CH2-O-、-O-CH(L3)-O-、-S-CH(L3)-O-、-O-L3-、-S-L3-、-N(L3)-L5-和L3;
L11、L12和L13分别独立选自:无,-C(=O)-,-C(=S)-,-C(=N(L3))-,
R10、R20、R21、R22、R23、R24、R25和R27分别独立选自:无,H,R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R6CO,R5NHC(=O),R6OC(=O),-R6C(=NOR5),R6C(=NR5),R6C(=S),CNR6和R6OC(=O)(CH2)nC(=O),R6(O=)CO(CH2)nC(=O);
R、R11至R16分别独立选自:无,H,取代的和未被取代的烷基,取代的和未被取代的环烷基,取代的和未被取代的杂环烷基,取代的和未被取代的芳基,取代的和未被取代的杂芳基,取代的和未被取代的烷氧基,取代的和未被取代的烷硫基,取代的和未被取代的烷氨基,取代的和未被取代的全氟烷基,以及取代的和未被取代的卤代烷基,其中任意碳原子或氢原子可以进一步独立地被O,S,NR5或任何其它药学可接受的基团代替;
m和n分别独立选自0和整数;
条件是:当T是结构式T-1时,Fg不是结构式F-2、结构式F-79至结构式F-125、结构式F-132至结构式F-211、结构式F2-360至结构式F2-403、结构式F2-408至结构式F2-411、结构式F2-418或结构式F2-419,F3不是结构式F3-35至结构式F3-40,而且F4不是结构式F4-1。
2.高穿透性组合物在制备用于穿透生物屏障的药剂中的用途,所述高穿透性组合物选自权利要求1所述的高穿透性组合物以及具有结构式L、结构式L-3或结构式L-4的结构的高穿透性组合物,其中T为结构式T-1,Fg为结构式F-2、结构式F-79至结构式F-125、结构式F-132至结构式F-211、结构式F2-360至结构式F2-403、结构式F2-408至结构式F2-411、结构式F2-418或结构式F2-419,F3为结构式F3-35至结构式F3-40,而且F4为结构式F4-1。
3.权利要求2所述的高穿透性组合物的用途,其中所述生物屏障选自血-脑屏障、血-脑脊液屏障和血-滑液屏障。
4.权利要求1所述的高穿透性组合物在制备用于治疗所述高穿透性组合物的母药可以治疗的疾病的药剂中的用途。
5.权利要求4所述的高穿透性组合物的用途,其中所述高穿透性组合物达到疗效所需要的剂量小于它们的母药的剂量。
6.非甾体抗炎药的高穿透性组合物用于制备药剂的用途,所述药剂用于治疗红斑狼疮、多发性硬化症、前列腺癌、骨癌、I型糖尿病、II型糖尿病、中风、心脏病、脱发和秃顶、灰发、白癜风、帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病、脊髓损伤、青光眼、白内障、老化、肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)、眼咽肌营养不良症(OPMD)、强直性肌营养不良(MD)、杜氏肌营养不良症(DMD)、多发性肌炎(PM)、皮肌炎(DM)、包涵体肌炎(IBM)、甲状腺机能亢进、肝纤维化、囊性纤维化、肺纤维化、胰腺纤维化、脾纤维化、胃肠道纤维化、胆石、异常的血管性皮肤病变、胎记、痣、皮赘、老年斑(褐斑)、痤疮、囊肿性痤疮、脓肿或红肿、黑头粉刺、丘疹、脓疱、结节、表皮样囊肿、毛发角化病、皮肤下垂、皱纹、鱼尾纹、肉色皮肤斑点、酒渣鼻、治疗后皮肤、急性和慢性咳嗽、器官移植排斥反应和骨质疏松症。
7.芥子气的高穿透性组合物在制备用于治疗胃癌、多发性骨髓瘤或脑瘤的药剂中的用途。
8.肽的高穿透性组合物在制备用于治疗阿尔兹海默病的药剂中的用途。
9.前列腺素的高穿透性组合物在制备用于促进头发生长或睫毛生长的药剂中的用途。
10.β-内酰胺类抗生素的高穿透性组合物在制备用于治疗微生物相关疾病的药剂中的用途。
11.类固醇的高穿透性组合物在制备用于治疗脑外伤、中风、胚胎着床、早孕、盘状红斑狼疮、系统性红斑狼疮、女性避孕和多发性硬化的药剂中的用途。
12.权利要求11所述的高穿透性组合物的用途,其中所述类固醇为孕酮、去氧孕烯或炔雌醇。
13.格列波脲的高穿透性组合物在制备用于治疗糖尿病的药剂中的用途。
14.阿替洛尔的高穿透性组合物在制备用于治疗高血压的药剂中的用途。
15.权利要求2至14中任一权利要求所述的高穿透性组合物的用途,其中所述高穿透性组合物或其医药组合物通过透皮、透粘膜、经鼻、经阴道、经口腔、经直肠的方式应用于生物体。
16.权利要求2至14中任一权利要求所述的高穿透性组合物的用途,其中所述高穿透性组合物或其医药组合物通过局部用药的方式应用于生物体。
17.权利要求2至14中任一权利要求所述的高穿透性组合物的用途,其中所述高穿透性组合物或其医药组合物通过口服、鼻、阴道、直肠、肠胃外、皮下、肌肉内、静脉内给药方式、或经过吸入或眼部给药方式应用于生物体。
18.非甾体抗炎药的高穿透性组合物在制备用于治疗植物中与病毒、真菌或昆虫有关的病症的药剂中的用途。
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CN109172580A (zh) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-01-11 | 中山万汉制药有限公司 | 包含前列腺素衍生物的组合物以及包含该组合物的眼用液体制剂 |
CN109172580B (zh) * | 2018-09-06 | 2021-04-27 | 中山万汉制药有限公司 | 包含前列腺素衍生物的组合物以及包含该组合物的眼用液体制剂 |
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