CN1072312C - 内燃机的燃料入喷系统中燃料高压产生系统 - Google Patents

内燃机的燃料入喷系统中燃料高压产生系统 Download PDF

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CN1072312C
CN1072312C CN96191585A CN96191585A CN1072312C CN 1072312 C CN1072312 C CN 1072312C CN 96191585 A CN96191585 A CN 96191585A CN 96191585 A CN96191585 A CN 96191585A CN 1072312 C CN1072312 C CN 1072312C
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fuel
low
pressure
valve
pressure pump
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CN1169178A (zh
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安德烈亚什·克尔纳
彼得·舒伯特
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0603—Multiple-way valves
    • F16K31/061—Sliding valves
    • F16K31/0613—Sliding valves with cylindrical slides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0011—Constructional details; Manufacturing or assembly of elements of fuel systems; Materials therefor
    • F02M37/0023—Valves in the fuel supply and return system
    • F02M37/0029—Pressure regulator in the low pressure fuel system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/02—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type
    • F02M59/04—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by special arrangement of cylinders with respect to piston-driving shaft, e.g. arranged parallel to that shaft or swash-plate type pumps
    • F02M59/06—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by special arrangement of cylinders with respect to piston-driving shaft, e.g. arranged parallel to that shaft or swash-plate type pumps with cylinders arranged radially to driving shaft, e.g. in V or star arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/02—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type
    • F02M59/08—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by two or more pumping elements with conjoint outlet or several pumping elements feeding one engine cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/20—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing
    • F02M59/34—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing by throttling of passages to pumping elements or of overflow passages, e.g. throttling by means of a pressure-controlled sliding valve having liquid stop or abutment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/20—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing
    • F02M59/36—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing by variably-timed valves controlling fuel passages to pumping elements or overflow passages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
    • F02M63/0017—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using electromagnetic operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/004—Sliding valves, e.g. spool valves, i.e. whereby the closing member has a sliding movement along a seat for opening and closing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0045—Three-way valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0205—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively for cutting-out pumps or injectors in case of abnormal operation of the engine or the injection apparatus, e.g. over-speed, break-down of fuel pumps or injectors ; for cutting-out pumps for stopping the engine
    • F02M63/0215—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively for cutting-out pumps or injectors in case of abnormal operation of the engine or the injection apparatus, e.g. over-speed, break-down of fuel pumps or injectors ; for cutting-out pumps for stopping the engine by draining or closing fuel conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/30—Fuel-injection apparatus having mechanical parts, the movement of which is damped
    • F02M2200/304—Fuel-injection apparatus having mechanical parts, the movement of which is damped using hydraulic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/30—Fuel-injection apparatus having mechanical parts, the movement of which is damped
    • F02M2200/306—Fuel-injection apparatus having mechanical parts, the movement of which is damped using mechanical means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种燃料高压产生系统，用于内燃机的燃料入喷系统。该系统中，低压泵从油箱中抽吸的燃料，流经低压管，被输送到为数至少为一的高压泵的阀门，此过程中，在高压泵入口或在此之前，燃料部分地从低压管中分支回流。低压管中在低压泵和高压泵之间装入了一个电控液流调节阀。此阀将输入的燃料分流，使其一部分输送给高压泵，而其余部分送回。液流调节阀只需较小空间，且接线数少，使用方便。

Description

内燃机的燃料入喷系统中燃料高压产生系统
现有技术
本发明涉及一种燃料高压产生系统，它用于内燃机的燃料入喷系统。
EP0270720A1给出了一种同类的系统。它描述了一个位于低压泵之后的高压泵以及由几个液压阀门组成的控制系统。阀门的作用是将低压泵输出的液流分成两股，一股作为工作液流流向高压泵，另一股则作为减压剩余流回到燃料箱中。阀门组至少包含一个可被遥控的限压阀，它与回流管道集成为一体。此外低压管道中可以选择性地安装一个节流阀、一个遥控的可调性节流阀、一个2/2通道阀和一个3/3通道阀。上述后两个阀门也是遥控的。
在现有技本范围内，为了控制低压泵的输出量使之近似地依赖于燃料需求量，必须有液压构件组，它则总是包含数个元件。
本发明的目的是，提供一种燃料高压产生系统，使得该系统中所需的液压元件数量被减少，并且使得液压元件的安装和更换简便。
按照本发明，提出了用于内燃机燃料入喷系统的燃料高压产生系统，其中由低压泵从油箱抽吸的燃料通过低压管输送给高压泵，由低压管将燃料流的一部分借助于一个设置在低压管中的电控的多路阀分支回流，该多路阀是一个液流调节阀，该液流调节阀作为电磁控制式的纵向滑阀构成，它的电磁驱动器克服回位弹簧的作用工作，并且使低压泵输出的燃料以可变的量回流。本发明优点：
在本发明的情形中，在低压管中介于低压泵和高压泵之间的位置上，装备了一个电控液流调节阀。此阀门完成输送的燃料流的分流。一部分被送往高压泵，剩余部分送入回流。在柴油发动机中剩余部分可用于高压泵的润滑。
液流调节阀，譬如一个电磁控制的纵向滑阀，可被直接装配到低压管中。它占据的空间小，只有两个置身于燃料压力中的两个接头和一个电力控制导线。因此其安装和更换都简便。
附图：
本发明的其它细节请见实施例的简单图示之后的说明。
图1是燃料高压产生系统的液压传递图，其中低压泵用符号表示，高压泵则简略示出，及：
图2是液流调节阀门的纵剖图。
实施例的说明
图1示出了内燃机的燃料高压产生系统的几个基本组成部分。处于高压状态的燃料将被输送给后面的燃料入喷系统。
为了在燃料中建立高压，燃料将被电力驱动的低压泵3从燃料箱1中抽出，通过液流调节阀40后输送给高压泵20并/或送入回流管13。介于燃料箱1和低压泵3之间的吸管11中安装有过滤器2。而位于液流调节阀40和高压泵20之间的低压管12中装有细过滤器4。
低压管12一直延伸到高压泵20的入口回冲阀门31。它们被安装到高压泵20上或在其内部。通过这些阀门，燃料进入缸室24。在图示的三缸高压泵20中每一个缸室24中都有运动的高压活塞29。后者由缸体23导向。高压活塞29受到中间塞26所传递的、源自于位于偏心轮罩中的偏心轮22或凸轮的作用做压缩冲程运动，此时中间塞26推动它前面的高压活塞(29)。于是缸室24中的燃料通过出口回冲阀门32被压入高压管14中去。通过高压管14燃料进入到图中未示出的高压燃料储存器中。
吸油过程中，即偏心轮越过最高抬升状态回落时，中间塞26借助于压缩弹簧28的作用向偏心轮罩的中线方向移动。而高压活塞29受到从入口回冲阀门31流入的燃料的作用力也被压回。这里的回程则取决于入口回冲阀门31放流的燃料量。如果内燃机处于空转或作为负荷状态而需要少量燃料，那么高压活塞29的回程较小，在下一个工作冲程中，中间塞26直接接近其上端终点时方才接触到高压活塞29。为了减缓两个活塞26和29撞击时的冲击力，中间塞26的上端镶嵌有一个缓冲件27。这个缓冲件27可是具有橡胶弹性的材料，也可以考虑使用液体缓冲。
低压泵3输送给高压泵20的燃料，受到液流调节阀40的控制。图2简单地示出了它的构造。
液流调节阀40拥有一个近似为方形的罩壳41及其中的一个中心滑杆孔42。后者被加工成一端封闭的盲孔，一个纵向滑杆60就置于其中并可滑动，两者间无间隙。在盲孔的后部区域段，壳41近于柱状。圆柱外表面与滑杆孔42同轴。在外表面上装备有电磁驱动器74。此驱动器可以是比例磁体。
滑杆孔42的开口端，即图2的左侧，拥有一个螺纹43，一个联接套管50就是通过它被固定在壳41上。螺纹43后尾端处有一个环槽45。回流口46沿径向通入其中。在滑杆孔42的中部还有第二环槽47，同样有一个径向口48通入其中。
纵向滑杆60基本上为柱状。其中部区域有一个横孔64，它与滑杆60的中线相割，并且其横截面与口46和48的单个横截面处于相同量级上。从左侧端面开始的一个阶梯孔61一直延伸并终止于这个横孔64。阶梯孔61的两个区段均与纵向滑杆60的外形同心。第一区段62始自左侧端面，其直径大于第二区段。两区段的过渡处形成一台肩63，其上安置着节流片71。此节流片71有一个中心节流孔72。一个螺旋弹簧75将之压在台肩63上，弹簧75的另一端支撑在联接套管50上，它上面也有一个几何形状与区段62上相似的凹槽52。
横向孔64和纵向滑杆60的右侧端面之间有一条中心减压孔65，其直径较小。
柱状外形的纵向滑杆60在靠近横孔64的右侧区域有一个“腰”67，或者说是浅的环槽。横孔64就通入此“腰”67。“腰”67的左侧边缘构成了一个控制棱线68，它到环槽47的距离近似于纵向滑杆60的左侧端面和环槽45之间的距离。“腰”67的长度至少要达到纵向滑杆60的最大行程水平。
当液流调节阀40处于基本位置时，纵向滑杆60处于滑杆孔42的底部。此时驱动器74未通电，螺旋弹簧75的作用力将纵向滑杆推至这个位置上。弹簧力能够调节，为此在联接套管50的轴环51和左侧壳端面之间除了放置有一个密封环53外还可再装置一个或几个距离调节垫片。
由低压泵3供给的燃料，通过联接套管50，流入到罩壳41内。燃料填满滑杆孔42中除被纵向滑杆60占据的以外的全部空间。燃料流经回流孔46进入到回流管13，参见图1，此过程几乎没有阻碍。此时给定了腰67的左侧边界的控制棱线68位于环槽47的右端以外，故此供油口48以及与之连接的低压管12(见图1)中没有燃料流入。
当电磁驱动器74中通以电流时，纵向滑杆60向左侧移动。一旦控制棱线68滑到环槽47以内，高压泵20就能接收到流经供油口48和与之相连的低压管12的燃料。同时，纵向滑杆60处于一种新的力平衡态。随着环槽47的通流，纵向滑杆60中节流片71右侧的燃料的压力下降。此外左侧较远处的环槽45在环槽47开启的时候，相应地部分关闭，关闭的尺度相应于对方开启的尺度。纵向滑杆60的左侧端面上的作用力是螺旋弹簧75的弹力与节流片71两侧压差产生的力的作用之和。与此力相抗衡的是电磁驱动器74的作用力。由于弹簧力和液压力依区域不同近似恒定，就可以通过改变磁力，即电流的大小，来调节低压管12中流动的燃料流量。通过适当的电磁驱动器74的控制，能够为高压泵20提供稳定的燃料流量，只要此流量还不高于低压泵3的输出量。剩余液流经回流口46流回。
当电磁驱动器74被通以最大电流时，纵向滑杆60向左侧大幅度移动，从而使得它的外缘将环槽45完全封闭，所有燃料流都经过阶梯孔61、横孔64、腰67、环槽47以及供油口48被输送到低压管12中去。

Claims (2)

1、用于内燃机燃料入喷系统的燃料高压产生系统，其中由低压泵(3)从油箱(1)抽吸的燃料通过低压管(1 2)输送给高压泵(20)，由低压管(12)将燃料流的一部分借助于一个设置在低压管中的电控的多路阀分支回流，
其特征是：该多路阀是一个液流调节阀(40)，该液流调节阀(40)作为电磁控制式的纵向滑阀构成，它的电磁驱动器(74)克服回位弹簧(75)的作用工作，并且使低压泵(3)输出的燃料以可变的量回流。
2、如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征是，纵向滑杆(60)在其远离电磁驱动器(74)的端面上，承受低压，并且它的端面上有一个节流阀，当液流调节阀(40)处于开启状态时，燃料通过它，流入低压管(12)中继续通向高压泵(20)的区段中。
CN96191585A 1995-12-29 1996-08-23 内燃机的燃料入喷系统中燃料高压产生系统 Expired - Lifetime CN1072312C (zh)

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