CN107223968A - 一种肿瘤患者全营养补充剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种肿瘤患者全营养补充剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及特殊医学用途配方食品技术领域,特别涉及一种肿瘤患者全营养补充剂及其制备方法。该全营养补充剂的组份包括:碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪、复合维生素、胆碱、生物素、维生素C、钙、铁、锌、微量元素、氨基酸、脂肪酸、膳食纤维,该全营养补充剂可有效地改善肿瘤患者的营养状态以及患者的免疫力,能较好地提高肠内吸收,可预防营养相关并发症的发生,使患者获得最佳的健康结局,方便服用,安全有效;该全营养补充剂的制备方法能制得上述全营养补充剂,且具有方法简单、易于操作的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及特殊医学用途配方食品技术领域,具体涉及一种肿瘤患者全营养补充剂及其制备法。
背景技术
研究表明,肿瘤作为快速生长细胞,其增殖会损耗人体大量的原料和能量,以致竞争性抑制机体正常组织的生长代谢,肿瘤患者常伴随物质代谢异常,包括全身葡萄糖更新加快、葡萄糖乳酸盐循环和生糖氨基酸的异生作用加强、类胰岛素抵抗及肌肉蛋白合成下降等;此外,放疗和化疗作为有效的抗肿瘤措施,也会对人体正常细胞造成损伤,易引起腹痛、腹泻、厌食等影响营养物质吸收;另外,肿瘤自身会分泌多种厌食因子作用于下丘脑,以致抑制食物摄入,且肿瘤患者精神因素同样可抑制食欲,这些都会导致患者营养不良,而肿瘤相关性营养不良可导致乏力、延迟创口愈合,降低免疫能力和炎症反应、影响T细胞活性和其他的不良反应。此外,也会降低治疗反应,增加化疗相关毒性并发症和手术后并发症;由上述可见,营养不良是恶性肿瘤患者常见的并发症,且是导致肿瘤患者死亡的主要原因之一。
肿瘤患者的营养不良主要表现在蛋白质能量不足,而即使患者目前不是营养不良,但大多数肿瘤患者都潜在营养风险,即,现有的或潜在的与营养有关的因素导致患者出现不良结局的风险,因此,对于存在营养不良风险、存在营养不良甚至已经出现肿瘤恶病质的患者,应该及时、有效地进行营养支持。目前,在对癌症患者的治疗中,已将治疗过程的生活质量和营养状态产生的正性影响视为与生存率同等重要,这由于短期的营养支持可改善营养不良以使得肿瘤未至于明显进展,同时患者也能更好地耐受手术、放化疗等治疗措施。
现今已有文献报道了肿瘤营养食品或基于肿瘤的特殊医学用途食品,但目前的肿瘤营养食品或特殊医学用途食品仅仅是对患者进行营养补充而没有另外的治疗效果,然而,有上述分析可知,营养不良的肿瘤患者存在免疫能力下降和细胞生产代谢紊乱的问题,可见,肿瘤患者的免疫力也应引起高度关注。此外,肿瘤患者会出现肿瘤影响吞咽,或因为治疗方式(放化疗)导致严重黏膜炎出现吞咽疼痛,并加重吞咽困难的问题,因此,可通过肠内营养支持来提高肿瘤患者的营养摄入,但目前未见相关提高肠内营养支持的文献报告,因此,需要改进适用于肿瘤患者的营养食品以增加肿瘤营养食品在肿瘤治疗中的贡献。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在上述技术问题,本发明目的之一在于提供一种肿瘤患者全营养补充剂,该全营养补充剂能提高患者的免疫力和提高患者肠内吸收利用度。
针对现有技术存在上述技术问题,本发明目的之二在于提供一种肿瘤患者全营养补充剂的制备方法,该方法能制得具有上述优点的全营养补充剂,且具有制备工艺简单的优点。
为实现上述目的之一,本发明提供以下技术方案:
提供一种肿瘤患者全营养补充剂,包括以下重量百分比的组份:
其中,所述氨基酸包括精氨酸、谷氨酰胺、亮氨酸中的一种或任意两种以上的混合物。
其中,所述脂肪酸是ω-3脂肪酸、亚油酸、α-亚油酸中的一种或任意两种以上的混合物。
上述技术方案中,所述碳水化合物是麦芽糊精。
上述技术方案中,所述蛋白质是乳清蛋白。
上述技术方案中,所述脂肪是大豆油、低芥酸菜籽油、玉米油、橄榄油或甘油三酯中的一种或任意两种以上的混合物。
上述技术方案中,所述复合维生素是维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K1、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、泛酸、叶酸、烟酸中的一种或任意两种以上的混合物。
上述技术方案中,所述微量元素是钠、钾、铜、镁、锰、磷、碘、氯、硒、铬、钼中的一种或任意两种以上的混合物。
上述技术方案中,所述铁是血红素铁和/或猪肝干燥粉末,所述锌是柠檬酸锌,所述钙是柠檬酸钙。
上述技术方案中,所述全营养补充剂还包括去苦味剂和/或调味剂。
上述技术方案中,所述肿瘤患者全营养补充剂的渗透压是280~320mOsm/L,pH是6~7。
为实现上述目的之二,本发明提供以下技术方案:
提供一种肿瘤患者全营养补充剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一,混合:分别将配方量的碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪、复合维生素、配方量的胆碱、生物素、维生素C、微量元素、膳食纤维、氨基酸、脂肪酸混合均匀,得到混合物;
步骤二,均质:添加蒸馏水至步骤一所得的混合物并搅拌至均匀,制得到匀浆,其中,蒸馏水与混合物的重量之比为1:1~3;
步骤三,干燥:将步骤二所得的匀浆喷雾干燥处理,制得干燥的粉末全营养补充剂,其中,喷雾干燥处理的工艺参数为:进风温度120~160℃,出风温度50~70℃,雾化压力60~90KPa,进气量0.1~0.45m3/min,流速100~150ml/h;
步骤四,灭菌:将步骤三制得的全营养补充剂微波灭菌处理,其中,微波火力为30~40%、全营养补充剂的厚度为0.3~0.5cm,受热时间1~2min,得到成品全营养补充剂量。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明的一种肿瘤患者全营养补充剂,是一种针对肿瘤病人的专用全营养补充剂,其包括高能量、高蛋白的成分,可为患者提供有效的营养支持;且该全营养补充剂中富含谷氨酰胺、精氨酸、亮氨酸、和ω-3脂肪酸,这些组份能有效调节患者的免疫系统和调节肿瘤细胞异常代谢,从而恢复宿主细胞的正常代谢,具有提高患者免疫力和抑制肿瘤细胞生长的作用。
(2)本发明的一种肿瘤患者全营养补充剂,该全营养补充剂针对患者肠内环境条件,控制本全营养补充剂的渗透压和pH值,从而促进患者肠内对该全营养补充剂的吸收效果,进一步满足恶性肿瘤患者的营养需求,从而达到改善患者临床预后的功效。
(3)本发明的一种肿瘤患者全营养补充剂的制备方法,采用了混合、均质、干燥、灭菌的步骤,与现有技术相比,该制备方法不但能制备出能调节肿瘤患者免疫力和促进患者肠内吸收的全营养补充剂,且具有制备工艺简单、易于操作、并能够适用于大规模生产的特点优点。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例1。
本实施例的肿瘤患者全营养补充剂,由以下重量的原料组成:
其中,碳水化合物是糊精;
蛋白质是乳清蛋白;
脂肪选自大豆油、低芥酸菜籽油、玉米油、橄榄油、甘油三酯;
氨基酸由精氨酸、谷氨酰胺、亮氨酸组成,精氨酸在产品中的含量是0.6g/100kcal,谷氨酰胺在产品中的含量为0.15gg/100kcal,亮氨酸含量是0.13g/100kcal;
脂肪酸是ω-3脂肪酸、亚油酸、α-亚油酸组成,其中,ω-3脂肪酸在产品中的是含量0.5%;
微量元素由钠、钾、铜、镁组成;
本实施例中,钙的来源为柠檬酸钙;
本实施例中,铁的来源为血红素铁和/或猪肝干燥粉末;
本实施例中,锌的来源为柠檬酸锌;
本实施例中,全营养补充剂还设有去苦味剂和/或调味剂;
本实施例中,全营养补充剂的渗透压是280Osm/L,pH是6。
上述肿瘤患者全营养补充剂的制备方法如下:
称取上述配方量组份,先使各组份混合均匀,然后加入蒸馏水搅拌使各组份均质为匀浆,各蒸馏水与各组份的重量之比为1:1。匀质后,将所得的匀浆经过喷雾干燥处理,其中,喷雾干燥处理的工艺参数为:进风温度120℃,出风温度50℃,雾化压力60KPa,进气量0.1m3/min,流速100ml/h,得到粉末的全营养物。接着,对该全营养物进行微波灭菌处理,其中,微波火力为30%、全营养补充剂的厚度为0.3cm,受热时间1min,得到成品肿瘤患者全营养补充剂,最后采用净化安全技术将成品储存。
实施例2。
本实施例的肿瘤患者全营养补充剂,由以下重量的原料组成:
其中,碳水化合物是糊精;
蛋白质是乳清蛋白;
脂肪选自大豆油、低芥酸菜籽油、玉米油;
氨基酸由精氨酸、谷氨酰胺、亮氨酸组成,精氨酸在产品中的含量是0.5g/100kcal,谷氨酰胺在产品中的含量为2.22gg/100kcal,亮氨酸含量是0.17g/100kcal;
脂肪酸是ω-3脂肪酸、亚油酸、α-亚油酸组成,其中,ω-3脂肪酸在产品中的是含量2%;
微量元素由钠、钾、硒、铬、钼组成;
本实施例中,钙的来源为柠檬酸钙;
本实施例中,铁的来源为血红素铁和/或猪肝干燥粉末;
本实施例中,锌的来源为柠檬酸锌;
本实施例中,全营养补充剂还设有去苦味剂和/或调味剂;
本实施例中,补充剂的渗透压是320Osm/L,pH是7。
上述肿瘤患者全营养补充剂的制备方法如下:
称取上述配方量组份,先使各组份混合均匀,然后加入蒸馏水搅拌使各组份均质为匀浆,各蒸馏水与各组份的重量之比为1:3。匀质后,将所得的匀浆经过喷雾干燥处理,其中,喷雾干燥处理的工艺参数为:进风温度160℃,出风温度70℃,雾化压力90KPa,进气量0.45m3/min,流速150ml/h,得到粉末的全营养物。接着,对该全营养物进行微波灭菌处理,其中,微波火力为40%、全营养补充剂的厚度为0.5cm,受热时间2min,得到成品肿瘤患者全营养补充剂,最后采用净化安全技术将成品储存。
实施例3。
本实施例的肿瘤患者全营养补充剂,由以下重量的原料组成:
其中,碳水化合物是糊精;
蛋白质是乳清蛋白;
脂肪选自大豆油和低芥酸菜籽油;
氨基酸由精氨酸、谷氨酰胺、亮氨酸组成,精氨酸在产品中的含量是0.8g/100kcal,谷氨酰胺在产品中的含量为1.5gg/100kcal,亮氨酸含量是1g/100kcal;
脂肪酸是ω-3脂肪酸、亚油酸、α-亚油酸组成,其中,ω-3脂肪酸在产品中的是含量3%;
微量元素由钠、钾、铜、镁、铁、锌、锰、钙、磷、碘、氯、硒、铬、钼组成;
本实施例中,钙的来源为柠檬酸钙;
本实施例中,铁的来源为血红素铁和/或猪肝干燥粉末;
本实施例中,锌的来源为柠檬酸锌;
本实施例中,全营养补充剂还设有去苦味剂和/或调味剂;
本实施例中,补充剂的渗透压是300Osm/L,pH是6.5。
上述肿瘤患者全营养补充剂的制备方法如下:
称取上述配方量组份,先使各组份混合均匀,然后加入蒸馏水搅拌使各组份均质为匀浆,各蒸馏水与各组份的重量之比为1:2。匀质后,将所得的匀浆经过喷雾干燥处理,其中,喷雾干燥处理的工艺参数为:进风温度140℃,出风温度60℃,雾化压力80KPa,进气量0.3m3/min,流速120ml/h,得到粉末的全营养物。接着,对该全营养物进行微波灭菌处理,其中,微波火力为35%、全营养补充剂的厚度为0.4cm,受热时间1.5min,得到成品肿瘤患者全营养补充剂,最后采用净化安全技术将成品储存。
肿瘤患者全营养补充剂的临床效果试验
一、试验设置
步骤A、分组:
选择年龄18~70岁、经病理诊断为食管癌、PG-SGA评分≥4分、入院前6个月内体重丢失≥10%、拟进行放疗、可接受肠内营养支持治疗的患者进行观察研究。
本次试验共纳入68例食管癌患者,其中男性41例,女性27例,平均年龄55.14±5.87岁,平均体重57.25±3.34kg,平均BMI 19.43±2.28kg/m2,平均KPS评分82.3±3.56分,平均PG-SGA评分8.42±3.17分,其中59例PG-SGA为4~8分(中度营养不良),9例为PG-SGA≥9分(重度营养不良)。肿瘤分期:II期2例,III期66例,IV期7例。放疗过程中,58例患者通过口服本发明的肿瘤患者专用全营养补充剂进行营养补充,10例患者通过管饲途径补充。
步骤B、放疗:
胸上段食管癌采用头颈肩网罩固定,胸中、下段食管癌采用热塑胸腹体膜固定,6MV-X线照射,常规分割剂量,调强治疗计划(IMRT),病变食管及阳性淋巴结给予66Gy/30f,高危淋巴引流区给予60Gy/30f。
步骤C、营养支持:
由营养支持小组对患者进行全面营养照护。流程包括入院营养筛查、营养评估、营养干预、疗效评价(包括随访)四个阶段。确立目标喂养量:每天总供能为30~35kcal/(kg·d),蛋白质1.2~1.5g/(kg·d)。依据营养不良的程度,依次选择口服营养补充、全肠内营养。所有患者均采用本发明肿瘤患者专用全营养补充剂进行口服营养补充、全肠内营养支持。
患者在放疗前后检测如下指标:白细胞、血红蛋白、血小板、总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、肌酐、甘油三酯、C-反应蛋白;在营养治疗过程中,观察并记录患者肠内营养耐受情况以及胃肠道症状,包括恶心、呕吐、腹胀、腹泻、腹痛的发生情况。
步骤D、数据处理:
采用SPSS 20.0软件对数据进行统计学分析,计数资料以率表示,计量资料以x±s表示,采用t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义,得出患者放疗前的检测指标,以及放疗后服用营养支持后的检测指标,如表1所示
试验结果
表1 放疗前、放疗后各项指标比较
与使用前比较,*:P<0.05;**:P<0.01;两组比较,△:P<0.05。
由表1可见,对比放疗前指标和放疗后进行营养支持后的各项指标的变化,得出如下结论:
1)不同营养不良程度组患者血液学指标(白细胞、血红蛋白、血小板)与治疗前相比有所下降,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);
2)治疗前,相比于中度营养不良组患者(PG-SGA=4~8),重度营养不良组患者(PG-SGA≥9)前白蛋白水平明显较低(15.97±4.42vs 14.08±3.02,P<0.05);
3)治疗后,两组患者前白蛋白水平均显著性升高(15.97±4.42vs 21.38±4.02,P<0.01;14.08±3.02vs 17.73±4.13,P<0.01),同时两组患者的白蛋白水平也出现显著升高(200.62±45.36vs 226.10±35.33,P<0.01;202.60±41.47vs 220.58±36.35,P<0.01),中度营养不良组患者白蛋白水平较使用前增加,有统计学意义(32.42±2.94vs33.60±2.75,P<0.05)重度营养不良组患者总蛋白和白蛋白水平保持稳定(P>0.05);④谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、肌酐、甘油三酯和C-反应蛋白变化与治疗前相比差异无显著性(P>0.05)。
因此,肿瘤患者放疗后使用本发明肿瘤患者专用的全营养补充剂后,相较于没有进行营养支持、服用全营养补充剂后,各项指标得到改善。
最后应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细地说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,在不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围的前提下,即使对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种肿瘤患者全营养补充剂,其特征是:包括以下重量百分比的组份:
碳水化合物 30%~50%
蛋白质 10%~30%
脂肪 10%~25%
复合维生素 0.1%~0.5%
胆碱 0.05%~0.1%
生物素 0.01%~0.05%
维生素C 1%~5%
膳食纤维 4%~9%
氨基酸 5%~10%
脂肪酸 1%~6%
铁 0.1%~0.6%
锌 0.001~0.009%
钙 0.0005~0.005%
微量元素 0.1%~0.5% ;
其中,所述氨基酸包括精氨酸、谷氨酰胺、亮氨酸中的一种或任意两种以上的混合物;
其中,所述脂肪酸是ω-3脂肪酸、亚油酸、α-亚油酸中的一种或任意两种以上的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种肿瘤患者全营养补充剂,其特征是:所述碳水化合物是麦芽糊精。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种肿瘤患者全营养补充剂,其特征是:所述蛋白质是乳清蛋白。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种肿瘤患者全营养补充剂,其特征是:所述脂肪是大豆油、低芥酸菜籽油、玉米油、橄榄油或甘油三酯中的一种或任意两种以上的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种肿瘤患者全营养补充剂,其特征是:所述复合维生素是维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K1、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、泛酸、叶酸、烟酸中的一种或任意两种以上的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种肿瘤患者全营养补充剂,其特征是:所述微量元素是钠、钾、铜、镁、锰、磷、碘、氯、硒、铬、钼中的一种或任意两种以上的混合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种肿瘤患者全营养补充剂,其特征是:所述铁是血红素铁和/或猪肝干燥粉末,所述锌是柠檬酸锌,所述钙是柠檬酸钙。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种肿瘤患者全营养补充剂,其特征是:所述全营养补充剂还包括去苦味剂和/或调味剂。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种肿瘤患者全营养补充剂,其特征是:所述肿瘤患者全营养补充剂的渗透压是280~320mOsm/L,pH是6~7。
10.根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的一种肿瘤患者全营养补充剂的制备方法,其特征是:包括以下步骤:
步骤一,混合:分别将配方量的碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪、复合维生素、配方量的胆碱、生物素 、维生素C 、微量元素、膳食纤维、氨基酸、脂肪酸混合均匀,得到混合物;
步骤二,均质:添加蒸馏水至步骤一所得的混合物并搅拌至均匀,制得到匀浆,其中,蒸馏水与混合物的重量之比为1:1~3;
步骤三,干燥:将步骤二所得的匀浆喷雾干燥处理,制得干燥的粉末全营养补充剂,其中,喷雾干燥处理的工艺参数为:进风温度120~160℃,出风温度50~70℃,雾化压力60~90KPa,进气量0.1~0.45m3/min,流速100~150ml/h;
步骤四,灭菌:将步骤三制得的全营养补充剂微波灭菌处理,其中,微波火力为30~40%、全营养补充剂的厚度为0.3~0.5cm,受热时间1~2min,得到成品全营养补充剂量。
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