CN107223452A - One cultural method grown tobacco - Google Patents
One cultural method grown tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- CN107223452A CN107223452A CN201710663160.8A CN201710663160A CN107223452A CN 107223452 A CN107223452 A CN 107223452A CN 201710663160 A CN201710663160 A CN 201710663160A CN 107223452 A CN107223452 A CN 107223452A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the cultural method that one grows tobacco, including following combination cultivation step：(1) high ridging combination powdery ridge；(2) tobacco transplant；(3) double coverings；(4) cigarette strain Later growth sprays adjusting control agent, and the component A includes the following component calculated by weight：2~5 parts of 1~10 part of polyamines, 1~10 part of sodium nitroprussiate and sodium sulfite；The B component includes the following component calculated by weight：2~5 parts of 0.5~3 part of cobalt chloride, 50~150 parts of calcium chloride and mannitol；The component C includes the following component calculated by weight：20~30 parts of 10~20 parts of EDTA and jasmonic；(5) maturity period keeps soil relative water content to be 60~80%.Force the cigarette strain of ripe preventing control method cultivation using flue-cured tobacco high temperature of the present invention, field tobacco leaf early ageing, albefaction, burn, brown spot phenomenon substantially mitigates, physiology and the index of quality are significantly improved, and effectively ripe phenomenon can be forced to occur by prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature, raising quality of tobacco.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tobacco cultivation field, and in particular to a cultural method grown tobacco.
Background technology
Tobacco is a kind of to changes in environmental conditions very sensitive plant, and ecological factor has larger to yield of tobacco, quality
Influence, wherein climatic factor then be bring up high-quality characteristic tobacco main ecological factor.Research shows, with external sound tobacco
Production district is compared, and the meteorological condition problem of China's flue-cured tobacco field growth period is mainly shown as：Sunshine relative deficiency；Early stage temperature phase
To too low, latter temperature is relatively too high.This phenomenon is especially protruded in China's middle and south cigarette district.
Nanling mountain is the important climatic boundary in China Central China, south China, because its special landform is constituted, to south China gas
Time has obvious barrier action.In spring, due to the barrier effect of Nanling mountain, cold air is trapped in the north of Nanling (Hunan south cigarette
Area), cause rainy weather more；Summer, when subtropical high controls space-time on the Yangtze river basin and Hunan, southerly prevailing,
Nanling north side, down draft is stronger, many fair weathers, and temperature is high, and humidity is small, causes hot weather obvious.In China middle and south
Easily there is the meteorological disaster unfavorable to tobacco growth such as high temperature, high light radiation in cigarette district, causes " high temperature is forced ripe " phenomenon to occur.Closely
Because the research of cultivation technique lags behind the fast development of leaf tobacco production over year, and ecological factor is uncoordinated, and China is Central-South
The tobacco leaf maturity period frequently occurs in portion's cigarette district (such as South Hunan) production can not normally fall Huang, leaf chlorosis, burn, brown spot it is serious
Deng " high temperature is forced ripe " phenomenon, the quality and availability of tobacco leaf have impact on.
Because " high temperature is forced ripe " phenomenon has obvious region characteristic, lack enough attention in terms of understanding for a long time,
Extremely it is short of in terms of theoretical research and Control Technology.Thus, it is main by doing sth. in advance transplanting time at present in production practices, keep away
Exempt from or reduce later stage high temperature damage.So far there is not yet prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe specific cultural method, especially combine anti-
Control measure.
In summary, need badly a kind of prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature of offer force ripe effect significantly, the specific cultivation of quality of tobacco can be improved
Culture method, especially combines prevention and control measure.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention be exploitation it is a kind of prevent flue-cured tobacco high temperature force ripe effect significantly, the cultivation side of quality of tobacco can be improved
Method.
Above-mentioned purpose is to be achieved through the following technical solutions：One cultural method grown tobacco, comprises the following steps：(1) it is high
Ridging combination powdery ridge；(2) tobacco transplant：Abundant subsoiling, the loose cave soil of expansion, turf of spreading manuer in holes, around turf and root system during this
Cave soil is well mixed；(3) double coverings：Mulch film, nurse crop stalk are taken off after covering with plastic film after transplanting, cigarette strain group；(4) cigarette strain
The middle and late growth stage sprays adjusting control agent, and the adjusting control agent at least includes component A, B component and component C, and the component A is included by weight
The following component that part calculates：2~5 parts of 1~10 part of polyamines, 1~10 part of sodium nitroprussiate and sodium sulfite；The B component is included by weight
Measure the following component that part calculates：2~5 parts of 0.5~3 part of cobalt chloride, 50~150 parts of calcium chloride and mannitol；The component C includes
The following component calculated by weight：20~30 parts of 10~20 parts of EDTA and jasmonic；The component A, B component and component C point
Open and use；(5) maturity period keeps soil relative water content to be 60~80%.
It has been investigated that, tobacco leaf " high temperature is forced ripe " phenomenon is that tobacco leaf economical character, Physiology and biochemistry are comprehensive caused by ecological adverse circumstance
Close under the conditions of reaction, cigarette district adverse circumstance climatic environment, cigarette strain causes not up in whole growth and development stage, physiological metabolism imbalance
Early ageing is induced in the case that normal physiological is ripe；And the root of cigarette strain metabolism disorder is that early stage rainwater is excessive, flue-cured tobacco root system is caused
Depauperation, root activity is remarkably decreased；Cigarette strain root activity, which declines, causes cigarette strain to moisture and nutrient absorption capability reduction, life
Long depauperation, carbon metablism are obstructed, C N metabolism imbalance, cause tobacco leaf economical character to change, cigarette strain resistance reduction, it is difficult to suitable
Answer later stage High temperature.Research shows that rainfall is bigger, and the maturity period " high temperature forces ripe phenomenon " is more obvious.In above-mentioned premise
Under, later stage high temperature stress causes the imbalance of tobacco leaf Physiological and Biochemical Metabolism, and (such as chlorophyll, carotenoid content, photosynthetic rate are notable
Reduction；Membrane permeability and Lipid peroxidation metabolism increase, proline content increase, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and Zeaxanthin cycle imbalance, cigarette
Leaf water metabolism, C N metabolism are obstructed), quality of tobacco declines.So early stage root system development is bad, later stage High temperature is
Two key determinants that " high temperature forces heat " phenomenon occurs.Therefore in actual production, prevention and control flue-cured tobacco " high temperature forces heat " phenomenon
Occur, lift cigarette district flue-cured tobacco total quality, on the one hand should be based on metabolic regulation principle, it is strong using biochemical Control Technology prevention and control high temperature
Light injury, on the other hand should promote root system development using integral cultivating measure, improve cigarette strain resistance, form integrated prevention and control cultivation
Measure.
We have discovered that, high ridging measure is combined using powdery ridge, can be kept soil from packing together, increases the gas permeability of soil, cigarette
The growing way of strain, economical character improve, and its total sugar, content of reducing sugar are significantly improved.The cigarette strain of powdery ridge processing, well developed root system has
Help the weather that cigarette strain resists later stage high temperature and drought, tobacco leaf " high temperature forces heat " phenomenon mitigates, powdery ridge combines high ridging can be as anti-
Tobacco Control leaf high temperature forces one of effective measures of ripe phenomenon.
It has been investigated that, when tobacco seedlings are transplanted, abundant subsoiling, the loose cave soil of expansion, turf of spreading manuer in holes, by cave soil around turf and root system
It is well mixed, cigarette strain can be promoted to develop, prevent later stage tobacco leaf early ageing, tobacco leaf " high temperature forces heat " phenomenon mitigates, its total sugar, reduction
Sugared content is significantly improved, and one of effective measures of ripe phenomenon can be forced as prevention and control tobacco leaf high temperature.
It has been investigated that, arranged using double coverings (taking mulch film, mulching straw off after covering with plastic film, cigarette strain group after transplanting)
Apply, by controlling water control temperature moisturizing, cigarette strain root soil micro-ecological environment can be improved, promote crop field early stage cigarette strain strengthening root early hair, suppression
Later stage root system early ageing processed.Early stage covering with ground sheeting combination drainage measure reaches control water effect, it is to avoid excessive rainwater is to root growth
Suppress and make damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging；Later stage rice straw mulching reaches moisturizing cooling-down effect, prevents root system early ageing.Field cigarette strain growing way is good, cigarette
Leaf quality is obviously improved.Double covering treatments are also one of effective measures of prevention and control tobacco leaf " high temperature forces heat " phenomenon.
It has been investigated that, under maturity period high temperature and drought weather conditions, by spraying in right amount, reduce environment temperature, increase
Humidity, can promote tobacco leaf hacking, be conducive to prevention and control tobacco leaf " high temperature forces heat " phenomenon to occur.
It has been investigated that, the tobacco under high temperature is in the presence of protection cell, and stomata is a certain degree of to be closed to subtract
The damage of light high temperature and intense light irradiation adapts to hot environment, but under continuous or prolonged high temperature action, tobacco leaf is not only
Chloroplast protein is denatured, and respiration is not normal, the accumulation of a large amount of harmful substances such as active oxygen, destroys photosynthesizer, together
When a large amount of dehydrations of transpiration, Leaf Physiology metabolism it is not normal, accelerate aging cause leaf texture's not yet maturation to occur as soon as numerous macula luteas,
And brown stain quickly, have a strong impact on quality of tobacco.The use of the use, especially polyamines and sodium nitroprussiate of the adjusting control agent of the present invention,
It has been investigated that, sodium nitroprussiate decomposes the function that there is the exogenous NO gas of generation induction stomata to close after being absorbed by blade, while nitre is general
Sodium catabolite can increase intensity of photosynthesis, and its product of demarcating can be with the activated protein in blade, and such as cysteine occurs sub-
Nitration reaction, changes its activity；And polyamines can suppress stomatal opening by suppressing ion channel, while energy inducer blade NO's is fast
Speed accumulation, it is ensured that NO has the ability that induction stomata is closed, and can strengthen its oxidation resistance, so, makes full use of polyamines
Suppress the function that stomatal opening and exogenous NO gas induction stomata are closed, fully suppress the respiration and transpiration of blade, subtract
The accumulation of few harmful substance and the forfeiture of leaf water, but stomata is a certain degree of to close in reduction respiration and transpiration
While effect, it can also suppress photosynthesis, experimental study shows, spraying for sodium sulfite solution greatly reduces cigarette strain
High temperature forces ripe effect on photosynthetic influence, and specific action principle is probably：Sodium sulfite has certain reproducibility, can be
Reacted in blade with active oxygen, reduce the content of active oxygen, on the other hand, inferior sulfate radical is in plant inner salt reductase
By original into H under effect2S, H2S can mitigate intracellular oxidative damage, especially chlorophyll with active oxygen and peroxide reactions
Damage；And H2S can be in blade activated protein react, to its sulfhydrylation, activate activities of antioxidant enzymes, strengthen antioxygen
Enzyme in change system and Ascorbic acid peroxidase system, by the mutually coordinated effect of nitrosylation with activated protein,
Ensure photosynthetic intensity.
On the other hand, research shows, the use of calcium chloride can reduce the accumulation of active oxygen in blade in B component, especially
At high temperature, the processing of calcium chloride passes through activities of antioxidant enzymes and polyphenoils in maintenance or raising tobacco leaf in adjusting control agent
The content of (such as ascorbic acid) mitigates injury of the active oxygen to Photosynthetic to strengthen the Scavenging activity of active oxygen, meanwhile, Ca2+
Transmembrane transport, reduce the Electrolyte Leakage Rate of tobacco leaf, maintain Ca in kytoplasm2+Homeostasis, and research show, chlorine
Change calcium can also improve the activity of Rubisico activating enzymes in blade, even if therefore the closing induction of Stoma of Leaves can similarly tie up
Hold the higher photosynthetic rate of tobacco leaf；Experimental study shows, sprays after cobalt chloride solution, not only can effective ethene suppressing production
Raw, while can increase the content of polyamines in blade, the increase to reactive oxygen species serves effective inhibitory action, to suppressing leaf
Green element, which is degraded, also functions to certain effect, and the addition of mannitol, can be effectively increased the activity of nitrate reductase, be conducive to catalysis
(Asia) nitrate formation NO.Therefore B component is sprayed before component A is sprayed, be conducive to giving full play to the effect of component A, to a certain degree
On can reduce the content or concentration of each composition in component A, can also slowing down adjusting control agent while cost-effective, other are normal to tobacco
Physiology growth.
Again, the present invention is before A, B component are sprayed, and EDTA and jasmonic are sprayed in component C, are shown through experimental study：
Blade absorbs can activate nitrate reductase to a certain extent after EDTA molecules, alleviate high temperature and intense light irradiation to nitrate reductase
Inhibitory action, so can improve be conducive to catalysis (Asia) nitrate formed NO, while jasmonic is by adjusting activities of antioxidant enzymes
Synergy is shown with EDTA, and by increasing the content of osmotic adjustment, makes the increase of plant cytoplasm concentration, reduction
Osmotic potential strengthens tobacco leaf osmotic adjustment ability and water absorbing capacity, protects plant membranous system, alleviates because NO induces stomata
The influence caused is closed, eubolism level is maintained to a certain degree.
Experimental study shows, sprays the tobacco leaf of adjusting control agent, field tobacco leaf early ageing, albefaction, burn, brown spot phenomenon substantially subtracts
Gently, physiology and the index of quality are significantly improved (detailed in Example), using effect significantly, can effectively prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature force ripe phenomenon
Occur, improve quality of tobacco.
Preferably, further technical scheme is：Ridging height >=40cm in the step (1)；In the step (2)
Natural turf is well mixed with the cave soil of about 10~20cm horizontal extents around root system, 10~20cm depth boundses, wherein, day
Right turf amount of application is 30~100g/ plants；Mulch film is taken off after cigarette strain group, mulching straw, wherein straw cover in the step (3)
Lid thickness is 2~10cm；1~3 adjusting control agent is sprayed in the step (4)；(5) maturity period keep soil relative water content 70~
75%.
Preferably, further technical scheme is：High ridging combination powdery ridge before tobacco seedlings are transplanted in the step (1), rises
Ridge height 45cm；Abundant subsoiling, the loose cave of expansion are native when being transplanted in the step (2), natural turf of spreading manuer in holes, and natural turf amount of application is
50g (natural dry weight)/strain；By about 15cm (radius) horizontal extent around natural turf and root system, the cave soil of 15cm depth boundses
It is well mixed；Mulch film, mulching straw, rice straw mulching thickness are taken off after covering with plastic film after being transplanted in the step (3), cigarette strain group
For 3cm；Cigarette strain Later growth sprays 2 adjusting control agents in the step (3)；When the maturity period meets drought in the step (3)
Vega sprinkling irrigation is carried out, soil relative water content 75% is kept.
Further technical scheme is：The polyamines is putrescine, spermidine, spermine, putrescine hydrochloride, spermidine hydrochloric acid
One or more in salt, spermine hydrochloride.
Preferably, further technical scheme is：The component A also includes the following component calculated by weight：Phosphorus
100~300 parts of acid dihydride potassium.Potassium dihydrogen phosphate effectively supplements P elements and potassium element, and the cigarette strain physiological metabolism of enhancing later stage is lived
Property and resistance, promote blade normally to fall yellow poor, while can play drop alkali increases potassium effect, suppress nicotine synthesis, the suction of promotion potassium
Receive and accumulate, promote top hacking, improve tobacco leaf chemical composition harmony.
Preferably, further technical scheme is：The component C also includes the following component calculated by weight：Water
10~20 parts of poplar acid.Experiment shows, salicylic to spray, and tobacco plant can be stimulated largely to synthesize in heat shock protein, and keeping body
Higher superoxide dismutase and the activity of catalase, reduce harmful substance and accumulated active oxygen in blade, improve
Its oxidative stress resistance system ability, injury of the oxidative stress to plant caused by reduction high temperature, maintains the stability of cell membrane, so as to carry
High heat resistance.
Preferably, further technical scheme is：The component A includes the following component calculated by weight：Putrescine
3 parts of 5 parts of hydrochloride, 5 parts of sodium nitroprussiate, 200 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium sulfite；The B component includes what is calculated by weight
Following component：3 parts of 2 parts of cobalt chloride, 100 parts of calcium chloride and mannitol；The component C including calculating such as the following group by weight
Point：15 parts of 15 parts of EDTA, 25 parts of jasmonic and salicylic acid.In this way, by suitably allocating, it is determined that adjusting control agent of the present invention is each
The ratio of component, gives full play to the synergy of each component, and the breathing for suppressing cigarette strain blade in high temperature environments as far as possible is made
The photosynthetic rate of tobacco leaf is maintained while with transpiration, harmful substance and accumulated active oxygen in blade is reduced, carries
The Scavenging activity of active oxygen in high blade, enhancing cigarette strain physiological metabolism activity and resistance, the physiology and quality for improving tobacco leaf refer to
Mark.Experimental study shows, after the adjusting control agent for spraying aforementioned proportion component, and the high temperature of cigarette strain forces ripe effect substantially to weaken, and tobacco leaf is early
Decline, albefaction, burn, the phenomenon such as brown spot is obviously improved.
Preferably, further technical scheme is：The adjusting control agent also includes D components, and the D components are included by weight
The following component that part calculates：10~20 parts of sodium acid carbonate.When the spraying time of D components is repeatedly to spray the interval time of component A
Interior, research shows, so advantageously reduces tobacco leaf protein matter, nicotine, total nitrogen content, improves reduced sugar, total reducing sugar, potassium content, carries
High chemical composition harmony, improves quality of tobacco.
Preferably, further technical scheme is：By the component A, B component and C of the adjusting control agent in the step (4)
Component is dissolved in water, prosperous long-term molten to maturity period successively foliage-spray component C mixed solution, B component mixing in cigarette strain
Between liquid and component A mixed solution, the spraying time of the component C mixed solution, B component mixed solution and component A mixed solution
Every 2~5 days, wherein, component A mixed solution is sprayed 1~3 time, and component A mixed solution sprayed interval time for 8~15 days.
Foliage-spray component C mixed solution first successively of the invention, B component mixed solution and component A mixed solution, such as preceding institute
State, blade can activate nitrate reductase to a certain extent after absorbing the EDTA of component C and the mannitol of B component, can effectively increase
Plus the activity of nitrate reductase, the sodium nitroprussiate release NO of absorption can be fully decomposed, its action effect is improved.And jasmine in component C
Cobalt chloride in acid, salicylic acid and B component, calcium chloride are sprayed, and after blade is fully absorbed, prevent high temperature from forcing ripe except playing
Effect outside, while play a part of adjust plant normal growth, protect plant individual each system, alleviate due to NO induce gas
The influence that bore closure is caused, maintains its eubolism level, improves tobacco leaf chemical composition harmony.
Experimental study shows, after above-mentioned adjusting control agent dilution is sprayed in a manner mentioned above, and effective prevention and control flue-cured tobacco is high
Temperature forces ripe phenomenon to occur, field tobacco leaf early ageing, albefaction, burn, brown spot phenomenon substantially mitigates, physiology and the index of quality significantly change
Kind, using effect significantly, can effectively improve quality of tobacco.
Preferably, further technical scheme is：The each consumption of mixed solution of component C is 40 in the step (4)
Every mu of~80kg, each consumption of mixed solution of B component is every mu of 30~60kg, and each consumption of mixed solution of component A is 30
The mass ratio of the gross mass of B component and water is 1 in every mu of~100kg, the mixed solution of component C:200~500, B component it is mixed
The mass ratio for closing the gross mass of B component and water in solution is 1:300~800, the gross mass of component A in the mixed solution of component A
Mass ratio with water is 1:200~1000.
Preferably, further technical scheme is：First sprayed in the prosperous long mid-term blade face of cigarette strain in the step (4) described
The mixed solution of component C, each consumption is every mu of 50kg, and interval sprays the mixed solution of the B component, each consumption after 3 days
For every mu of 60kg, interval sprays the mixed solution of the component A for the first time after 3 days, then is spaced after 10 days and sprays the A for the second time
The mixed solution of component, each consumption is every mu of 70kg, wherein, the gross mass of component C and the matter of water in the mixed solution of component C
Amount is than being 1:400, the mass ratio of the gross mass of B component and water is 1 in the mixed solution of B component:600, the mixed solution of component A
The gross mass of middle component A and the mass ratio of water are 1:800.
Preferably, further technical scheme is：The adjusting control agent also includes D components, and the D components are included by weight
The following component that part calculates：10~20 parts of sodium acid carbonate；D components are dissolved in the mixed solution that water obtains D components, sprayed for the first time
Interval sprays the mixed solution of the D components for 3~7 days after the mixed solution of the component A, wherein, the mixed solution of D components
Consumption is every mu of 50~100kg, and the mass ratio of the gross mass of D components and water is 1 in the mixed solution of D components:100~300.
When the spraying time of D components is that research shows, so advantageously reduces in the interval time for repeatedly spraying component A
Tobacco leaf protein matter, nicotine, total nitrogen content, improve reduced sugar, total reducing sugar, potassium content, improve chemical composition harmony, improve tobacco leaf product
Matter.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, to help more fully understanding the present invention, but this hair
Bright protection domain is not limited in these embodiments.
Embodiment 1
Before tobacco seedlings transplanting, using mechanical powdery ridge, high ridging, ridging height 45cm；Abundant subsoiling, expansion loose cave during transplanting
Soil, natural turf of spreading manuer in holes, natural turf amount of application is 50g (natural dry weight)/strain；By about 15cm around natural turf and root system
The cave soil of (radius) horizontal extent is well mixed, depth bounds 15cm；Covering with plastic film after transplanting, cigarette strain takes ground off after group's phase
Film, mulching straw, rice straw mulching thickness is 3cm；By 25 parts of 15 parts of the EDTA calculated by weight in component C and jasmonic
It is dissolved in the water after even mixing and obtains component C mixed solution, in component C mixed solution described in the prosperous long mid-term foliage-spray of cigarette strain,
Each consumption is every mu of 50kg；Interval sprays the mixed solution of B component after 3 days, each consumption is every mu of 50kg, the B component
Mixed solution is to be dissolved in the water after 100 parts of 2 parts of cobalt chloride, the calcium chloride and 3 parts of mannitol calculated by weight is uniformly mixed
Obtained mixed solution；Interval sprays the mixed solution of the component A for the first time after 3 days, then sprays for the second time after being spaced 10 days
The mixed solution of the component A, each consumption is every mu of 70kg, and the component A mixed solution is the putrescine calculated by weight
Be dissolved in the water obtained mixed solution after 5 parts of hydrochloride, 5 parts of sodium nitroprussiate and the uniform mixing of 3 parts of sodium sulfite；Wherein, component C
Mixed solution in component C gross mass and water mass ratio be 1:400, in the mixed solution of B component the gross mass of B component with
The mass ratio of water is 1:600, the mass ratio of the gross mass of component A and water is 1 in the mixed solution of component A:800；Maturity period meets
Vega sprinkling irrigation is carried out during drought, the sprinkling irrigation time is afternoon 16：00-17:00, runoff is not produced using after sprinkling irrigation as degree, it is overcast and rainy
It is not required to sprinkling irrigation, keeps soil relative water content 75%.
Embodiment 2
Before tobacco seedlings transplanting, using mechanical powdery ridge, high ridging, ridging height 40cm；Abundant subsoiling, expansion loose cave during transplanting
Soil, natural turf of spreading manuer in holes, natural turf amount of application is 30g (natural dry weight)/strain；By about 15cm around natural turf and root system
The cave soil of (radius) horizontal extent is well mixed, depth bounds 10cm；Covering with plastic film after transplanting, cigarette strain takes ground off after group's phase
Film, mulching straw, rice straw mulching thickness is 5cm；By 30 parts of 10 parts of the EDTA calculated by weight in component C and jasmonic
It is dissolved in the water after even mixing and obtains component C mixed solution, it is molten in component C mixing described in the prosperous long middle and later periods foliage-spray of cigarette strain
Liquid, each consumption is every mu of 40kg；Interval sprays the mixed solution of B component after 2 days, each consumption is every mu of 60kg, the B groups
It is to be dissolved in the water after 50 parts of 3 parts of cobalt chloride, the calcium chloride and 5 parts of mannitol calculated by weight is uniformly mixed to divide mixed solution
Obtained mixed solution；Interval sprays the mixed solution of the component A for the first time after 5 days, then is spaced after 8 days and sprays institute for the second time
The mixed solution of component A is stated, each consumption is every mu of 100kg, and the component A mixed solution is the putrescine 1 calculated by weight
Be dissolved in the water obtained mixed solution after part, the uniform mixing of 10 parts of sodium nitroprussiate, sodium sulfite 5；Wherein, the mixing of component C is molten
The mass ratio of the gross mass of component C and water is 1 in liquid:500, the gross mass and the quality of water of B component in the mixed solution of B component
Than for 1:300, the mass ratio of the gross mass of component A and water is 1 in the mixed solution of component A:1000；Maturity period meets drought
Shi Jinhang vegas are sprayed, and the sprinkling irrigation time is afternoon 16：00-17:00, runoff is not produced using after sprinkling irrigation as degree, it is overcast and rainy to be not required to spray
Fill, keep soil relative water content 70%.
Embodiment 3
Before tobacco seedlings transplanting, using mechanical powdery ridge, high ridging, ridging height 50cm；Abundant subsoiling, expansion loose cave during transplanting
Soil, artificial turf of spreading manuer in holes, artificial turf amount of application is 100g (natural dry weight)/strain；By about 20cm around artificial turf and root system
The cave soil of (radius) horizontal extent is well mixed, depth bounds 20cm；Covering with plastic film after transplanting, cigarette strain takes ground off after group's phase
Film, mulching straw, rice straw mulching thickness is 3cm；By 20 parts of 20 parts of the EDTA calculated by weight in component C and jasmonic
It is dissolved in the water after even mixing and obtains component C mixed solution, in component C mixed solution described in the prosperous long mid-term foliage-spray of cigarette strain,
Each consumption is every mu of 80kg；Interval sprays the mixed solution of B component after 5 days, each consumption is every mu of 30kg, the B component
Mixed solution is to be dissolved in water after 150 parts of 0.5 part of cobalt chloride, the calcium chloride and 2 parts of mannitol calculated by weight is uniformly mixed
In obtained mixed solution；Interval sprays the mixed solution of the component A for the first time after 2 days, then is spaced after 15 days second of spray
The mixed solution of the component A is applied, each consumption is every mu of 30kg, and the component A mixed solution is the corruption calculated by weight
Be dissolved in the water obtained mixed solution after 10 parts of amine, 1 part of sodium nitroprussiate, the uniform mixing of 2 parts of sodium sulfite；Wherein, component C is mixed
The mass ratio for closing the gross mass of component C and water in solution is 1:200, the gross mass of B component and water in the mixed solution of B component
Mass ratio is 1:800, the mass ratio of the gross mass of component A and water is 1 in the mixed solution of component A:200；Maturity period meets weather
Vega sprinkling irrigation is carried out when arid, the sprinkling irrigation time is the morning 10:00-11:00, do not produced using after sprinkling irrigation runoff as degree, it is overcast and rainy not
Sprinkling irrigation is needed, soil relative water content 80% is kept.
Embodiment 4
Before tobacco seedlings transplanting, using mechanical powdery ridge, high ridging, ridging height 40cm；Abundant subsoiling, expansion loose cave during transplanting
Soil, artificial turf of spreading manuer in holes, artificial turf amount of application is 40g (natural dry weight)/strain；By about 15cm around artificial turf and root system
The cave soil of (radius) horizontal extent is well mixed, depth bounds 10cm；Covering with plastic film after transplanting, cigarette strain takes ground off after group's phase
Film, mulching straw, rice straw mulching thickness is 2cm；By 25 parts of 15 parts of the EDTA calculated by weight in component C and jasmonic
It is dissolved in the water after even mixing and obtains component C mixed solution, in component C mixed solution described in the prosperous long mid-term foliage-spray of cigarette strain,
Each consumption is every mu of 50kg；Interval sprays the mixed solution of B component after 3 days, each consumption is every mu of 50kg, the B component
Mixed solution is to be dissolved in the water after 100 parts of 2 parts of cobalt chloride, the calcium chloride and 3 parts of mannitol calculated by weight is uniformly mixed
Obtained mixed solution；Interval sprays the mixed solution of the component A for the first time after 3 days, then sprays for the second time after being spaced 10 days
The mixed solution of the component A, each consumption is every mu of 70kg, and the component A mixed solution is the putrescine calculated by weight
Be dissolved in the water obtained mixed solution after 5 parts of hydrochloride, 5 parts of sodium nitroprussiate and the uniform mixing of 3 parts of sodium sulfite；Wherein, component C
Mixed solution in component C gross mass and water mass ratio be 1:400, in the mixed solution of B component the gross mass of B component with
The mass ratio of water is 1:600, the mass ratio of the gross mass of component A and water is 1 in the mixed solution of component A:800；Maturity period meets
Vega sprinkling irrigation is carried out during drought, the sprinkling irrigation time is the morning 10:00-11:00, runoff is not produced using after sprinkling irrigation as degree, it is overcast and rainy
It is not required to sprinkling irrigation, keeps soil relative water content 70%.
Embodiment 5
Before tobacco seedlings transplanting, using mechanical powdery ridge, high ridging, ridging height 45cm；Abundant subsoiling, expansion loose cave during transplanting
Soil, natural turf of spreading manuer in holes, natural turf amount of application is 60g (natural dry weight)/strain；By about 15cm around natural turf and root system
The cave soil of (radius) horizontal extent is well mixed, depth bounds 15cm；Covering with plastic film after transplanting, cigarette strain takes ground off after group's phase
Film, mulching straw, rice straw mulching thickness is 10cm；By 25 parts of 15 parts of the EDTA calculated by weight in component C and jasmonic
It is dissolved in the water after even mixing and obtains component C mixed solution, in component C mixed solution described in the prosperous long mid-term foliage-spray of cigarette strain,
Each consumption is every mu of 50kg；Interval sprays the mixed solution of B component after 3 days, each consumption is every mu of 50kg, the B component
Mixed solution is to be dissolved in the water after 100 parts of 2 parts of cobalt chloride, the calcium chloride and 3 parts of mannitol calculated by weight is uniformly mixed
Obtained mixed solution；Interval sprays the mixed solution of the component A for the first time after 3 days, then sprays for the second time after being spaced 10 days
The mixed solution of the component A, each consumption is every mu of 70kg, and the component A mixed solution is the putrescine calculated by weight
Be dissolved in the water obtained mixed solution after 5 parts of hydrochloride, 5 parts of sodium nitroprussiate and the uniform mixing of 3 parts of sodium sulfite；Wherein, component C
Mixed solution in component C gross mass and water mass ratio be 1:400, in the mixed solution of B component the gross mass of B component with
The mass ratio of water is 1:600, the mass ratio of the gross mass of component A and water is 1 in the mixed solution of component A:800；Maturity period meets
Vega sprinkling irrigation is carried out during drought, the sprinkling irrigation time is the morning 10:00-11:00, runoff is not produced using after sprinkling irrigation as degree, it is overcast and rainy
It is not required to sprinkling irrigation, keeps soil relative water content 70%.
Embodiment 6
On the basis of embodiment 2, the 8 days third times in interval after component A mixed solution are sprayed for the second time and spray component A mixing
Solution.
Embodiment 7
On the basis of embodiment 1,200 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is also included in the component A.
Research shows：The mass content of potassium dihydrogen phosphate can reach preferable effect at 100~300 parts.
Embodiment 8
On the basis of embodiment 1,15 parts of salicylic acid is also included in the component C.
Research shows：Salicylic acid content can reach preferable effect in 10~20 parts of parts.
Embodiment 9
On the basis of embodiment 7,15 parts of salicylic acid is also included in the component C.
Research shows：Salicylic acid content can reach preferable effect in 10~20 parts of parts.
Embodiment 10
On the basis of embodiment 9, interval after the mixed solution of the component A is sprayed for the first time and sprays within 5 days the D components
Mixed solution, wherein, D components include 15 parts of sodium acid carbonate calculating by weight, and D components are dissolved in into water and obtain D components
The gross mass of D components and water in mixed solution, the consumption of the mixed solution of D components, every mu of 70kg, the mixed solution of D components
Mass ratio is 1:200.
Embodiment 11
On the basis of embodiment 2, interval after the mixed solution of the component A is sprayed for the first time and sprays within 3 days the D components
Mixed solution, wherein, D components include 20 parts of sodium acid carbonate calculating by weight；D components are dissolved in water and obtain D components
Mixed solution, the consumption of the mixed solution of D components is the gross mass and water of D components in every mu of 50kg, the mixed solution of D components
Mass ratio is 1:100.
Embodiment 12
On the basis of embodiment 3, interval after the mixed solution of the component A is sprayed for the first time and sprays within 7 days the D components
Mixed solution, wherein, D components include 10 parts of sodium acid carbonate calculating by weight；D components are dissolved in water and obtain D components
Mixed solution, the consumption of the mixed solution of D components is the gross mass and water of D components in every mu of 100kg, the mixed solution of D components
Mass ratio be 1:300.
On the basis of embodiment 1 and 4~6, D component solutions can be all sprayed in the interval that component A mixed solution is sprayed,
Research shows also to can reach preferable effect.
Test result indicates that, under above-described embodiment, flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe phenomenon to be effectively inhibited, and field tobacco leaf is early
Decline, albefaction, burn, brown spot phenomenon substantially mitigates, physiology and the index of quality are significantly improved, and quality of tobacco is improved significantly, effect
Fruit is significantly.
Comparative example
Routinely measure is cultivated, not powdery ridge, ridging height 35cm, and subsoiling, the loose cave of expansion be not native during transplanting, turf of not spreading manuer in holes,
Not covering with plastic film after transplanting, not mulching straw after cigarette strain group's phase；Cigarette strain Later growth, does not spray adjusting control agent, and the maturity period meets gas
Irrigated not in time when waiting arid, other field management measure condition be the same as Examples.
As shown in table 1~2, the tobacco leaf of adjusting control agent is sprayed, " high temperature is forced ripe " incidence, chemical composition, tobacco leaf degree, yield
Significantly improved with Output value index, using effect significantly, effectively can force ripe phenomenon to occur by prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature, quality of tobacco obtains bright
It is aobvious to improve.
Table 1 " high temperature is forced ripe " prevention and control combine measure to tobacco leaf degree, yield, the output value influence
Influence of the measure to tobacco leaf routine chemical componentses is combined in table 2 " high temperature is forced ripe " prevention and control
Above-described embodiment is preferably embodiment, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment of the invention
Limitation, other any Spirit Essences without departing from the present invention and the change made under principle, modification, replacement, combine, simplification,
Equivalent substitute mode is should be, is included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a cultural method grown tobacco, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
(1) high ridging combination powdery ridge；
(2) tobacco transplant：Abundant subsoiling, the loose cave soil of expansion, turf of spreading manuer in holes during this, by turf and around root system, cave soil is mixed
It is even；
(3) double coverings：Mulch film, nurse crop stalk are taken off after covering with plastic film after transplanting, cigarette strain group；
(4) cigarette strain the middle and late growth stage sprays adjusting control agent, and the adjusting control agent at least includes component A, B component and component C, the A groups
Divide the following component for including calculating by weight：2~5 parts of 1~10 part of polyamines, 1~10 part of sodium nitroprussiate and sodium sulfite；The B
Component includes the following component calculated by weight：2~5 parts of 0.5~3 part of cobalt chloride, 50~150 parts of calcium chloride and mannitol；
The component C includes the following component calculated by weight：20~30 parts of 10~20 parts of EDTA and jasmonic；The component A, B
Component and component C are used separately；
(5) maturity period keeps soil relative water content to be 60~80%.
2. the cultural method of tobacco according to claim 1, it is characterised in that ridging height in the step (1) >=
40cm；By about 10~20cm horizontal extents around natural turf and root system, the cave of 10~20cm depth boundses in the step (2)
Soil is well mixed, wherein, natural turf amount of application is 30~100g/ plants；In the step (3) mulch film is taken off after cigarette strain group,
Mulching straw, wherein rice straw mulching thickness are 2~10cm；1~3 adjusting control agent is sprayed in the step (4)；(5) maturity period protects
Hold soil relative water content 70~75%.
3. the cultural method of tobacco according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the component A is also included by weight
The following component calculated：100~300 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
4. the cultural method of tobacco according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the component C is also included by weight
The following component calculated：10~20 parts of salicylic acid.
5. the cultural method of tobacco according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the component A includes calculating by weight
Following component：3 parts of 5 parts of putrescine hydrochloride, 5 parts of sodium nitroprussiate, 200 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium sulfite；The B component includes
The following component calculated by weight：3 parts of 2 parts of cobalt chloride, 100 parts of calcium chloride and mannitol；The component C is included by weight
The following component calculated：15 parts of 15 parts of EDTA, 25 parts of jasmonic and salicylic acid.
6. the cultural method of the tobacco according to Claims 1 to 5 any one, it is characterised in that the adjusting control agent is also wrapped
D components are included, the D components include the following component calculated by weight：10~20 parts of sodium acid carbonate.
7. the cultural method of the tobacco according to Claims 1 to 5 any one, it is characterised in that will in the step (4)
Component A, B component and the component C of the adjusting control agent are dissolved in water, prosperous long-term to the maturity period successively foliage-spray in cigarette strain
Component C mixed solution, B component mixed solution and component A mixed solution, the component C mixed solution, B component mixed solution and A
The spraying time interval of component mixed solution 2~5 days, wherein, component A mixed solution is sprayed 1~3 time, component A mixed solution and sprayed
Interval time is applied for 8~15 days.
8. the cultural method of tobacco according to claim 7, it is characterised in that each consumption of mixed solution of component C is
Every mu of 40~80kg, each consumption of mixed solution of B component is every mu of 30~60kg, and each consumption of mixed solution of component A is
The mass ratio of the gross mass of B component and water is 1 in every mu of 30~100kg, the mixed solution of component C:200~500, B component
The mass ratio of the gross mass of B component and water is 1 in mixed solution:300~800, total matter of component A in the mixed solution of component A
The mass ratio of amount and water is 1:200~1000.
9. the cultural method of tobacco according to claim 8, it is characterised in that in the step (4) in the prosperous length of cigarette strain
Phase, blade face first sprayed the mixed solution of the component C, and each consumption is every mu of 50kg, and interval sprays the mixed of the B component after 3 days
Solution is closed, each consumption is every mu of 60kg, and interval sprays the mixed solution of the component A for the first time after 3 days, then is spaced after 10 days
The mixed solution of the component A is sprayed for the second time, and each consumption is every mu of 70kg, wherein, component C in the mixed solution of component C
Gross mass and water mass ratio be 1:400, the mass ratio of the gross mass of B component and water is 1 in the mixed solution of B component:
600, the mass ratio of the gross mass of component A and water is 1 in the mixed solution of component A:800.
10. the cultural method of the tobacco described in claim 9, it is characterised in that the adjusting control agent also includes D components, the D
Component includes the following component calculated by weight：10~20 parts of sodium acid carbonate；D components are dissolved in the mixing that water obtains D components
Interval after the mixed solution of the component A is sprayed in solution, the step (4) for the first time and sprays within 3~7 days the mixed of the D components
Solution is closed, wherein, the consumption of the mixed solution of D components is total matter of D components in every mu of 50~100kg, the mixed solution of D components
The mass ratio of amount and water is 1:100~300.
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Cited By (1)
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