CN107241999A - A kind of prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
- A01N33/04—Nitrogen directly attached to aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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Abstract
Ripe cultural method is forced the present invention relates to a kind of prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature, is comprised the following steps：(1) high ridging combination powdery ridge；(2) tobacco transplant；(3) double coverings；(4) cigarette strain Later growth sprays high temperature and forces ripe prevention and control agent, and the high temperature forces ripe prevention and control agent to include following component：Polyamines, sodium nitroprussiate, calcium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate；(5) maturity period keeps soil relative water content to be 60~80%.The flue-cured tobacco high temperature of the present invention forces ripe preventing control method, cigarette strain root system development can be effectively facilitated, prevent root system early ageing, fully suppress the respiration and moisture loss of blade, the photosynthetic rate for maintaining tobacco leaf higher, strengthen later stage cigarette strain physiological metabolism activity and resistance simultaneously, improve tobacco leaf chemical composition harmony.Using the cigarette strain cultivated of the present invention, field tobacco leaf early ageing, albefaction, burn, brown spot phenomenon substantially mitigates, physiology and the index of quality are significantly improved, and application effect significantly, effectively can force ripe phenomenon to occur by prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature, raising quality of tobacco.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tobacco cultivation field, and in particular to a kind of prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe cultural method.
Background technology
Tobacco is a kind of to changes in environmental conditions very sensitive plant, and ecological factor has larger to yield of tobacco, quality
Influence, wherein climatic factor then be bring up high-quality characteristic tobacco main ecological factor.Research shows, with external sound tobacco
Production district is compared, and the meteorological condition problem of China's flue-cured tobacco field growth period is mainly shown as：Sunshine relative deficiency；Early stage temperature phase
To too low, latter temperature is relatively too high.This phenomenon is especially protruded in China's middle and south cigarette district.
Nanling mountain is the important climatic boundary in China Central China, south China, because its special landform is constituted, to south China gas
Time has obvious barrier action.In spring, due to the barrier effect of Nanling mountain, cold air is trapped in the north of Nanling (Hunan south cigarette
Area), cause rainy weather more；Summer, when subtropical high controls space-time on the Yangtze river basin and Hunan, southerly prevailing,
Nanling north side, down draft is stronger, many fair weathers, and temperature is high, and humidity is small, causes hot weather obvious.In China middle and south
Easily there is the meteorological disaster unfavorable to tobacco growth such as high temperature, high light radiation in cigarette district, causes " high temperature is forced ripe " phenomenon to occur.Closely
Because the research of cultivation technique lags behind the fast development of leaf tobacco production over year, and ecological factor is uncoordinated, and China is Central-South
The tobacco leaf maturity period frequently occurs in portion's cigarette district (such as South Hunan) production can not normally fall Huang, leaf chlorosis, burn, brown spot it is serious
Deng " high temperature is forced ripe " phenomenon, the quality and availability of tobacco leaf have impact on.
Because " high temperature is forced ripe " phenomenon has obvious region characteristic, lack enough attention in terms of understanding for a long time,
Extremely it is short of in terms of theoretical research and Control Technology.Thus, it is main by doing sth. in advance transplanting time at present in production practices, keep away
Exempt from or reduce later stage high temperature damage.So far there is not yet prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe specific cultural method, especially combine anti-
Control measure.
In summary, need badly a kind of prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature of offer force ripe effect significantly, the specific cultivation of quality of tobacco can be improved
Culture method, especially combines prevention and control measure.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention be exploitation it is a kind of prevent flue-cured tobacco high temperature force ripe effect significantly, the cultivation side of quality of tobacco can be improved
Method.
Above-mentioned purpose is to be achieved through the following technical solutions：A kind of prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe cultural method, including such as
Lower step：(1) high ridging combination powdery ridge；(2) tobacco transplant：Abundant subsoiling, the loose cave soil of expansion, turf of spreading manuer in holes, by grass during this
Charcoal is well mixed with cave soil around root system；(3) double coverings：Mulch film, nurse crop are taken off after covering with plastic film after transplanting, cigarette strain group
Stalk；(4) cigarette strain Later growth sprays high temperature and forces ripe prevention and control agent, and the high temperature forces ripe prevention and control agent to include following component：Polyamines, nitre
General sodium, calcium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate；(5) maturity period keeps soil relative water content to be 60~80%.
Through research it was found that tobacco leaf " high temperature is forced ripe " phenomenon is tobacco leaf economical character caused by ecological adverse circumstance, physiology life
Change under the conditions of combined reaction, cigarette district adverse circumstance climatic environment, cigarette strain causes not in whole growth and development stage, physiological metabolism imbalance
Reach that normal physiological induces early ageing in the case of ripe；And the root of cigarette strain metabolism disorder is that early stage rainwater is excessive, flue-cured tobacco is caused
Root system development is bad, and root activity is remarkably decreased；Cigarette strain root activity, which declines, causes cigarette strain to drop moisture and nutrient absorption capability
Low, retarded growth, carbon metablism are obstructed, C N metabolism imbalance, cause tobacco leaf economical character to change, the reduction of cigarette strain resistance,
It is difficult in adapt to later stage High temperature.Research shows that rainfall is bigger, and the maturity period " high temperature forces ripe phenomenon " is more obvious.Upper
Under the premise of stating, later stage high temperature stress causes tobacco leaf Physiological and Biochemical Metabolism imbalance (such as chlorophyll, carotenoid content, photosynthetic rate
Significantly reduce；Membrane permeability and Lipid peroxidation metabolism increase, proline content increase, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and Zeaxanthin cycle lose
Adjust, moisture content in leaves is metabolized, C N metabolism is obstructed), quality of tobacco declines.So early stage root system development is bad, later stage high temperature is strong
Two key determinants that just " high temperature forces heat " phenomenon occurs.Therefore in actual production, prevention and control flue-cured tobacco " high temperature forces heat "
Phenomenon occurs, and lifts cigarette district flue-cured tobacco total quality, on the one hand should be based on metabolic regulation principle, high using biochemical Control Technology prevention and control
Warm strong light injury, on the other hand should promote root system development using integral cultivating measure, improve cigarette strain resistance, form integrated prevention and control
Cultivation step.
Research is found, is combined high ridging measure using powdery ridge, can be kept soil from packing together, and increases the gas permeability of soil, cigarette strain
Growing way, economical character improve, and its total sugar, content of reducing sugar are significantly improved.The cigarette strain of powdery ridge processing, well developed root system contributes to
Cigarette strain resists the weather of later stage high temperature and drought, and tobacco leaf " high temperature forces heat " phenomenon mitigates, and powdery ridge, which combines high ridging, can be used as anti-Tobacco Control
Leaf high temperature forces one of effective measures of ripe phenomenon.
It has been investigated that, when tobacco seedlings are transplanted, abundant subsoiling, the loose cave soil of expansion, turf of spreading manuer in holes, by cave soil around turf and root system
It is well mixed, cigarette strain can be promoted to develop, prevent later stage tobacco leaf early ageing, tobacco leaf " high temperature forces heat " phenomenon mitigates, its total sugar, reduction
Sugared content is significantly improved, and one of effective measures of ripe phenomenon can be forced as prevention and control tobacco leaf high temperature.
It has been investigated that, arranged using double coverings (taking mulch film, mulching straw off after covering with plastic film, cigarette strain group after transplanting)
Apply, by controlling water control temperature moisturizing, cigarette strain root soil micro-ecological environment can be improved, promote crop field early stage cigarette strain strengthening root early hair, suppression
Later stage root system early ageing processed.Early stage covering with ground sheeting combination drainage measure reaches control water effect, it is to avoid excessive rainwater is to root growth
Suppress and make damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging；Later stage rice straw mulching reaches moisturizing cooling-down effect, prevents root system early ageing.Field cigarette strain growing way is good, cigarette
Leaf quality is obviously improved.Double covering treatments are also one of effective measures of prevention and control tobacco leaf " high temperature forces heat " phenomenon.
It has been investigated that, under maturity period high temperature and drought weather conditions, by spraying in right amount, reduce environment temperature, increase
Humidity, can promote tobacco leaf hacking, be conducive to prevention and control tobacco leaf " high temperature forces heat " phenomenon to occur.
It has been investigated that, the tobacco under high temperature is in the presence of protection cell, and stomata is a certain degree of to be closed to subtract
The damage of light high temperature and intense light irradiation, to adapt to hot environment, but under continuous or prolonged high temperature action, tobacco leaf is not only
Chloroplast protein is denatured, and respiration is not normal, the accumulation of a large amount of harmful substances such as active oxygen, destroys photosynthesizer, together
When a large amount of dehydrations of transpiration, Leaf Physiology metabolism it is not normal, accelerate aging cause leaf texture's not yet maturation to occur as soon as numerous macula luteas,
And brown stain quickly, have a strong impact on quality of tobacco.The flue-cured tobacco high temperature of the present invention forces the use of ripe prevention and control agent, especially polyamines and nitre
The use of general sodium, it has been investigated that, sodium nitroprussiate decomposes the work(that there is the exogenous NO gas of generation induction stomata to close after being absorbed by blade
Can, while sodium nitroprussiate catabolite can increase intensity of photosynthesis, its product of demarcating can be with the activated protein in blade, such as half Guang
Nitrosation reaction occurs for propylhomoserin, changes its activity；And polyamines can suppress stomatal opening by suppressing ion channel, while can induce
Blade NO Rapid Accumulation, it is ensured that NO has the ability that induction stomata is closed, and can strengthen its oxidation resistance, so, fills
Divide and suppress the function that stomatal opening and exogenous NO gas induction stomata are closed, the abundant respiration for suppressing blade and steaming using polyamines
The effect of rising, reduces the accumulation of harmful substance and the forfeiture of leaf water, but stomata is a certain degree of to close in reduction breathing
While effect and transpiration, it can also suppress photosynthesis, the use of calcium chloride can reduce the accumulation of active oxygen in blade, especially
It is that at high temperature, the processing of calcium chloride is by maintaining or improving activities of antioxidant enzymes and anti-oxidant in tobacco leaf in prevention and control agent
The content of material (such as ascorbic acid) mitigates injury of the active oxygen to Photosynthetic to strengthen the Scavenging activity of active oxygen, meanwhile,
Ca2+Transmembrane transport, reduce the Electrolyte Leakage Rate of tobacco leaf, maintain Ca in kytoplasm2+Homeostasis, and research table
Bright, calcium chloride can also improve the activity of Rubisico activating enzymes in blade, therefore also same even if the closing induction of Stoma of Leaves
Sample can maintain the higher photosynthetic rate of tobacco leaf；Potassium dihydrogen phosphate effectively supplements P elements and potassium element, strengthens later stage cigarette
Strain physiological metabolism activity and resistance, promote blade normally to fall yellow poor, while can play drop alkali increases potassium effect, suppress nicotine and close
Into the absorption and accumulation of promotion potassium promote top hacking, improve tobacco leaf chemical composition harmony.
Experimental study shows, sprays the tobacco leaf of prevention and control agent, field tobacco leaf early ageing, albefaction, burn, brown spot phenomenon substantially subtracts
Gently, physiology and the index of quality are significantly improved (detailed in Example), using effect significantly, can effectively prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature force ripe phenomenon
Occur, improve quality of tobacco.
Preferably, further technical scheme is：(1) high ridging combination powdery ridge before tobacco seedlings are transplanted, ridging height >=
40cm；(2) abundant subsoiling, expansion loose cave soil when transplanting, natural turf of spreading manuer in holes, natural turf amount of application is that 30~100g (is done naturally
Weight)/strain；Turf mix equal with the cave soil of about 10~20cm (radius) horizontal extent around root system, 10~20cm depth boundses
It is even；(3) mulch film, mulching straw are taken after covering with plastic film after transplanting, cigarette strain group off, rice straw mulching thickness is 2~10cm；(4) cigarette
Strain Later growth sprays 1~3 high temperature and forces ripe prevention and control agent；(5) vega sprinkling irrigation is carried out when the maturity period meets drought, soil is kept
Relative water content 70~75%.
Preferably, further technical scheme is：(1) high ridging combination powdery ridge before tobacco seedlings are transplanted, ridging height 45cm；
(2) abundant subsoiling, expansion loose cave soil when transplanting, natural turf of spreading manuer in holes, natural turf amount of application is 50g (natural dry weight)/strain；By day
Right turf with the cave of about 15cm (radius) horizontal extent around root system, 15cm depth boundses is native is well mixed；(3) covered after transplanting
Take mulch film, mulching straw after mulch film, cigarette strain group off, rice straw mulching thickness is 3cm；(4) cigarette strain Later growth sprays 2 high temperature
Force ripe prevention and control agent；(5) vega sprinkling irrigation is carried out when the maturity period meets drought, soil relative water content 75% is kept.
Preferably, further technical scheme is：The flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe prevention and control agent to include what is calculated by weight
Following component：100~300 parts of 1~10 part of polyamines, 1~10 part of sodium nitroprussiate, 50~150 parts of calcium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
In this way, by suitably allocating, it is determined that flue-cured tobacco high temperature of the present invention forces the ratio of each component of ripe prevention and control agent, fully sending out
The synergy of each component is waved, while suppressing the respiration and transpiration of cigarette strain blade in high temperature environments as far as possible
Active oxygen is clear in harmful substance and accumulated active oxygen in the photosynthetic rate of maintenance tobacco leaf, reduction blade, raising blade
Removing solid capacity, enhancing cigarette strain physiological metabolism activity and resistance, improve the physiology and the index of quality of tobacco leaf.
Further technical scheme is：The polyamines is putrescine, spermidine, spermine, putrescine hydrochloride, spermidine hydrochloric acid
One or more in salt, spermine hydrochloride.
Further technical scheme is：The flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe prevention and control agent including calculating by weight such as the following group
Point：200 parts of 5 parts of putrescine hydrochloride, 5 parts of sodium nitroprussiate, 100 parts of calcium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.Experimental study shows, sprays above-mentioned
The flue-cured tobacco high temperature of ratio component is forced after ripe prevention and control agent, and the high temperature of cigarette strain forces ripe effect substantially to weaken, tobacco leaf early ageing, albefaction, burn,
The phenomenons such as brown spot are obviously improved.
Further technical scheme is：The flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe prevention and control agent including calculating by weight such as the following group
Point：300 parts of 5 parts of putrescine, 5 parts of sodium nitroprussiate, 150 parts of calcium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.Show through experimental study, spray aforementioned proportion
The flue-cured tobacco high temperature of component is forced after ripe prevention and control agent, and the high temperature of cigarette strain forces ripe effect substantially to weaken.
Further technical scheme is：The flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe prevention and control agent also to include the cobalt chloride calculated by weight
0.5~3 part and 2~5 parts of mannitol.Experimental study shows, sprays after cobalt chloride solution, not only can effective ethene suppressing production
Raw, while can increase the content of polyamines in blade, the increase to reactive oxygen species serves effective inhibitory action, to suppressing leaf
Green element, which is degraded, also functions to certain effect, and the addition of mannitol, can be effectively increased the activity of nitrate reductase, be conducive to catalysis
(Asia) nitrate formation NO.
Further technical scheme is：The flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe prevention and control agent also to include the sulfurous acid calculated by weight
2~5 parts of sodium.Experimental study shows, sodium sulfite solution is sprayed, and the high temperature of cigarette strain forces ripe effect substantially to weaken.Specific effect
Principle is probably：Sodium sulfite has certain reproducibility, can be reacted in blade with active oxygen, and reduction active oxygen contains
Amount, on the other hand, inferior sulfate radical is in the presence of plant inner salt reductase by original into H2S, H2S can be with active oxygen and peroxidating
Thing reacts, and mitigates the damage of intracellular oxidative damage, especially chlorophyll；And H2S can be in blade activated protein occur
Reaction, to its sulfhydrylation, activates enzyme in activities of antioxidant enzymes, strong anti-oxidation system and Ascorbic acid peroxidase system
Property, by the mutually coordinated effect of nitrosylation with activated protein, it is ensured that photosynthetic intensity.
Further technical scheme is：The flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe prevention and control agent also to include the EDTA3 calculated by weight
~8 parts.Show through experimental study：Blade can activate nitrate reductase to a certain extent after absorbing EDTA molecules, alleviate high temperature with
And intense light irradiation is to the inhibitory action of nitrate reductase.
Further technical scheme is：The flue-cured tobacco high temperature is forced in the step (4) each component of ripe prevention and control agent by
It is dissolved in the water after ratio mixing and obtains prevention and control dilution agent liquid, flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe prevention and control agent described in the prevention and control dilution agent liquid
With the mass ratio 1 of water:200~1000；The prevention and control dilution agent liquid is prosperous long-term to maturity period foliage-spray 1~3 time in cigarette strain,
Each consumption is 30~100kg prevention and control dilution agent liquid/mu.
Further technical scheme is：Flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces the matter of ripe prevention and control agent and water described in the prevention and control dilution agent liquid
Amount is than being 1:500, the prevention and control dilution agent liquid is in cigarette strain prosperous long middle and later periods and prematuration period each foliage-spray 1 time, and successively two
Secondary sprays interval 8~15 days.
Further technical scheme is：The mixed solution of cigarette strain prosperous long early stage foliage-spray cobalt chloride and mannitol, often
Secondary consumption is every mu of 30~100kg, and interval sprays the prevention and control dilution after 5~10 days, the cobalt chloride and mannitol it is mixed
It is 1 to close Chlorine in Solution cobalt and the gross mass of mannitol and the mass ratio of water:300~600.Include sodium nitroprussiate prevention and control spraying
The mixed solution of cobalt chloride and mannitol is sprayed before in dilution agent liquid, the first increase to reactive oxygen species serves effective suppression
Make and use, also function to certain effect to suppressing chlorophyll degradation, while increasing the activity of nitrate reductase, be conducive to sodium nitroprussiate
Catalysis forms NO.
Further technical scheme is：Cobalt chloride, mannitol, polyamines, sodium nitroprussiate, calcium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are pressed
It is dissolved in the water after ratio mixing and obtains prevention and control dilution agent liquid, flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe prevention and control agent described in the prevention and control dilution agent liquid
Mass ratio with water is 1:200~1000；The prevention and control dilution agent liquid is prosperous long-term to maturity period foliage-spray 1~3 in cigarette strain
Secondary, each consumption is 30~100kg prevention and control dilution agent liquid/mu.
Further technical scheme is：The prosperous long early stage foliage-spray EDTA solution of cigarette strain, each consumption is 30~50kg
Every mu, interval sprays EDTA and water in the prevention and control dilution, EDTA solution mass ratio after 2~5 days is 1:100~
300.EDTA solution is first sprayed, after blade is fully absorbed, nitrate reductase is effectively activated, then spray include sodium nitroprussiate prevent
After controlling in dilution agent liquid, the sodium nitroprussiate release NO of absorption can be fully decomposed, its action effect is improved.
Further technical scheme is：Spray EDTA solution or spray the 3 of the mixed solution of cobalt chloride and mannitol
After~5 days, sodium sulfite solution is sprayed, interval sprays the mixing of polyamines, sodium nitroprussiate, calcium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate after 1~3 day
Solution, the mass ratio of the sodium sulfite solution sulfite sodium and water is 1:500~1000, each consumption is 50~100kg
Prevention and control dilution agent liquid/mu.Spraying for sodium sulfite solution, reduces the content activation activities of antioxidant enzymes of active oxygen, strengthens antioxygen
Enzymatic activity in change system and Ascorbic acid peroxidase system, it is ensured that later stage polyamines, sodium nitroprussiate, calcium chloride and di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Fully absorbing and decomposing for the mixed solution each component of hydrogen potassium, improves its action effect.
Experimental study shows, after above-mentioned prevention and control dilution agent liquid is sprayed in a manner mentioned above, and effective prevention and control flue-cured tobacco is high
Temperature forces ripe phenomenon to occur, field tobacco leaf early ageing, albefaction, burn, brown spot phenomenon substantially mitigates, physiology and the index of quality significantly change
Kind, using effect significantly, can effectively improve quality of tobacco.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, to help more fully understanding the present invention, but this hair
Bright protection domain is not limited in these embodiments.
Embodiment 1
Before tobacco seedlings transplanting, using mechanical powdery ridge, high ridging, ridging height 45cm；Abundant subsoiling, expansion loose cave during transplanting
Soil, natural turf of spreading manuer in holes, natural turf amount of application is 50g (natural dry weight)/strain；By about 15cm around natural turf and root system
The cave soil of (radius) horizontal extent is well mixed, depth bounds 15cm；Covering with plastic film after transplanting, cigarette strain takes ground off after group's phase
Film, mulching straw, rice straw mulching thickness is 3cm；Cigarette strain Later growth, 5 parts of the putrescine hydrochloride, the nitre that calculate by weight is general
It is dissolved in the water after 5 parts of sodium, 100 parts of calcium chloride and the uniform mixing of 200 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and obtains prevention and control dilution agent liquid, wherein institute
Stating flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces the mass ratio of ripe prevention and control agent and water to be 1:500, the prevention and control dilution agent liquid in the cigarette strain prosperous long middle and later periods and
Prematuration period each foliage-spray 1 time, successively twice spray interval 10 days, each consumption be 80kg prevention and control dilution agent liquid/mu；Into
The ripe phase carries out vega sprinkling irrigation when meeting drought, the sprinkling irrigation time is afternoon 16：00-17:00, do not produced using after sprinkling irrigation runoff as
Degree, it is overcast and rainy to be not required to sprinkling irrigation, keep soil relative water content 75%.
Embodiment 2
Before tobacco seedlings transplanting, using mechanical powdery ridge, high ridging, ridging height 40cm；Abundant subsoiling, expansion loose cave during transplanting
Soil, natural turf of spreading manuer in holes, natural turf amount of application is 30g (natural dry weight)/strain；By about 15cm around natural turf and root system
The cave soil of (radius) horizontal extent is well mixed, depth bounds 10cm；Covering with plastic film after transplanting, cigarette strain takes ground off after group's phase
Film, mulching straw, rice straw mulching thickness is 5cm；Cigarette strain Later growth, by 5 parts of 5 parts of putrescine, sodium nitroprussiate calculating by weight,
It is dissolved in the water after 150 parts of calcium chloride and the uniform mixing of 300 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and obtains prevention and control dilution agent liquid, wherein the flue-cured tobacco
High temperature forces the mass ratio of ripe prevention and control agent and water to be 1:800, the prevention and control dilution agent liquid is in the prosperous long mid-term of cigarette strain and prematuration period
Each foliage-spray 1 time, each consumption is 100kg prevention and control dilution agent liquid/mu；Maturity period carries out vega sprinkling irrigation when meeting drought,
The sprinkling irrigation time is afternoon 16：00-17:00, runoff is not produced using after sprinkling irrigation as degree, it is overcast and rainy to be not required to sprinkling irrigation, keep soil relative
Water content 70%.
Embodiment 3
Before tobacco seedlings transplanting, using mechanical powdery ridge, high ridging, ridging height 50cm；Abundant subsoiling, expansion loose cave during transplanting
Soil, artificial turf of spreading manuer in holes, artificial turf amount of application is 100g (natural dry weight)/strain；By about 20cm around artificial turf and root system
The cave soil of (radius) horizontal extent is well mixed, depth bounds 20cm；Covering with plastic film after transplanting, cigarette strain takes ground off after group's phase
Film, mulching straw, rice straw mulching thickness is 3cm；Cigarette strain Later growth, by 1 part of the spermine, the sodium nitroprussiate 10 that calculate by weight
It is dissolved in the water after part, 50 parts of calcium chloride and the uniform mixing of 100 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and obtains prevention and control dilution agent liquid, wherein described roasting
Cigarette high temperature forces the mass ratio of ripe prevention and control agent and water to be 1:200, the prevention and control dilution agent liquid is in before cigarette strain prosperous long later stage and maturation
Phase each foliage-spray 1 time, successively twice spray interval 8 days, each consumption be 30kg prevention and control dilution agent liquid/mu；Maturity period meets
Vega sprinkling irrigation is carried out during drought, the sprinkling irrigation time is the morning 10:00-11:00, runoff is not produced using after sprinkling irrigation as degree, it is overcast and rainy
It is not required to sprinkling irrigation, keeps soil relative water content 80%.
Embodiment 4
Before tobacco seedlings transplanting, using mechanical powdery ridge, high ridging, ridging height 40cm；Abundant subsoiling, expansion loose cave during transplanting
Soil, artificial turf of spreading manuer in holes, artificial turf amount of application is 40g (natural dry weight)/strain；By about 15cm around artificial turf and root system
The cave soil of (radius) horizontal extent is well mixed, depth bounds 10cm；Covering with plastic film after transplanting, cigarette strain takes ground off after group's phase
Film, mulching straw, rice straw mulching thickness is 2cm；Cigarette strain Later growth, by 10 parts of the spermidine, the sodium nitroprussiate 1 that calculate by weight
It is dissolved in the water after part, 150 parts of calcium chloride and the uniform mixing of 300 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and obtains prevention and control dilution agent liquid, wherein described
Flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces the mass ratio of ripe prevention and control agent and water to be 1:1000, the prevention and control dilution agent liquid is in cigarette strain prosperous long later stage and maturation
Each foliage-spray of early stage 1 time, successively twice spray interval 8 days, each consumption be 50kg prevention and control dilution agent liquid/mu；Maturity period
Vega sprinkling irrigation is carried out when meeting drought, the sprinkling irrigation time is the morning 10:00-11:00, runoff is not produced using after sprinkling irrigation as degree, it is cloudy
Rainy day is not required to sprinkling irrigation, keeps soil relative water content 60%.
Embodiment 5
Before tobacco seedlings transplanting, using mechanical powdery ridge, high ridging, ridging height 45cm；Abundant subsoiling, expansion loose cave during transplanting
Soil, natural turf of spreading manuer in holes, natural turf amount of application is 60g (natural dry weight)/strain；By about 15cm around natural turf and root system
The cave soil of (radius) horizontal extent is well mixed, depth bounds 15cm；Covering with plastic film after transplanting, cigarette strain takes ground off after group's phase
Film, mulching straw, rice straw mulching thickness is 10cm；Cigarette strain Later growth, will be calculated 0.5 part of cobalt chloride, sweet by weight
5 parts of alcohol of dew, spermine and 200 parts of totally 5 parts of putrescine, 5 parts of sodium nitroprussiate, 100 parts of calcium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are molten after mixing in proportion
Prevention and control dilution agent liquid is obtained in Xie Yushui, wherein the flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces the mass ratio of ripe prevention and control agent and water to be 1:800, it is described anti-
Dilution agent liquid is controlled in cigarette strain prosperous long middle and later periods and prematuration period each foliage-spray 1 time, successively twice spray interval 10 days, often
Secondary consumption is 60kg prevention and control dilution agent liquid/mu；Maturity period carries out vega sprinkling irrigation when meeting drought, the sprinkling irrigation time is the morning 10:
00-11:00, runoff is not produced using after sprinkling irrigation as degree, it is overcast and rainy to be not required to sprinkling irrigation, keep soil relative water content 70%.
Embodiment 6
Before tobacco seedlings transplanting, using mechanical powdery ridge, high ridging, ridging height 45cm；Abundant subsoiling, expansion loose cave during transplanting
Soil, natural turf of spreading manuer in holes, natural turf amount of application is 100g (natural dry weight)/strain；By about 20cm around natural turf and root system
The cave soil of (radius) horizontal extent is well mixed, depth bounds 15cm；Covering with plastic film after transplanting, cigarette strain takes ground off after group's phase
Film, mulching straw, rice straw mulching thickness is 3cm；Cigarette strain Later growth, by 2 parts of the cobalt chloride, the mannitol 3 that calculate by weight
Part, spermine and 200 parts of totally 5 parts of putrescine, 5 parts of sodium nitroprussiate, 100 parts of calcium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are dissolved in water after mixing in proportion
In obtain the wherein described flue-cured tobacco high temperature of prevention and control dilution agent liquid force ripe prevention and control agent and water mass ratio be 1:600, the prevention and control agent is dilute
Liquid is released in cigarette strain prosperous long middle and later periods and prematuration period each foliage-spray 1 time, successively twice spray interval 10 days, each consumption
For 50kg prevention and control dilution agent liquid/mu；Maturity period carries out vega sprinkling irrigation when meeting drought, the sprinkling irrigation time is the morning 10:00-11:
00, runoff is not produced using after sprinkling irrigation as degree, it is overcast and rainy to be not required to sprinkling irrigation, keep soil relative water content 70%.
Embodiment 7
Before tobacco seedlings transplanting, using mechanical powdery ridge, high ridging, ridging height 45cm；Abundant subsoiling, expansion loose cave during transplanting
Soil, natural turf of spreading manuer in holes, natural turf amount of application is 30g (natural dry weight)/strain；By about 10cm around natural turf and root system
The cave soil of (radius) horizontal extent is well mixed, depth bounds 10cm；Covering with plastic film after transplanting, cigarette strain takes ground off after group's phase
Film, mulching straw, rice straw mulching thickness is 5cm；Cigarette strain Later growth, by 3 parts of the cobalt chloride, the mannitol 2 that calculate by weight
Part, spermine and 200 parts of totally 5 parts of putrescine, 5 parts of sodium nitroprussiate, 100 parts of calcium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are dissolved in water after mixing in proportion
In obtain the wherein described flue-cured tobacco high temperature of prevention and control dilution agent liquid force ripe prevention and control agent and water mass ratio be 1:600, the prevention and control agent is dilute
Liquid is released in cigarette strain prosperous long middle and later periods and prematuration period each foliage-spray 1 time, successively twice spray interval 10 days, each consumption
For 50kg prevention and control dilution agent liquid/mu；Maturity period carries out vega sprinkling irrigation when meeting drought, the sprinkling irrigation time is the morning 10:00-11:
00, runoff is not produced using after sprinkling irrigation as degree, it is overcast and rainy to be not required to sprinkling irrigation, keep soil relative water content 70%.
Embodiment 8
On the basis of embodiment 1, in the mixed solution of cigarette strain prosperous long early stage foliage-spray cobalt chloride and mannitol, the two
Mass ratio is 1:2, each consumption is every mu of 60kg, and interval sprays prevention and control dilution described in embodiment 1, institute for the first time after 8 days
The mass ratio for stating the gross mass and water of cobalt chloride and mannitol in the mixed solution of cobalt chloride and mannitol is 1:500.
Research shows：Each consumption of the mixed solution of cobalt chloride and mannitol is in every mu of 30~100kg, the cobalt chloride
Mass ratio with the gross mass and water of cobalt chloride and mannitol in the mixed solution of mannitol is 1:It can reach when 300~600
Preferable effect.
Embodiment 9
On the basis of embodiment 1, in the prosperous long early stage foliage-spray EDTA solution of cigarette strain, each consumption is every mu of 40kg,
Interval sprays EDTA and water in prevention and control dilution described in embodiment 1, the EDTA solution for the first time mass ratio after 2 days is 1:
200。
Embodiment 10
On the basis of embodiment 6, in the prosperous long early stage foliage-spray EDTA solution of cigarette strain, each consumption is every mu of 30kg,
Interval sprays EDTA and water in prevention and control dilution described in embodiment 6, the EDTA solution for the first time mass ratio after 3 days is 1:
300。
Embodiment 11
On the basis of embodiment 1, in the prosperous long middle and later periods foliage-spray sodium sulfite solution of cigarette strain, each consumption is
Every mu of 100kg, interval sprays prevention and control dilution described in embodiment 1, the sodium sulfite solution sulfite for the first time after 2 days
The mass ratio of sodium and water is 1:1000.
Embodiment 12
On the basis of embodiment 6, in the prosperous long mid-term foliage-spray sodium sulfite solution of cigarette strain, each consumption is that 80kg is every
Mu, interval sprays prevention and control dilution described in embodiment 6, the sodium sulfite solution sulfite sodium and water for the first time after 3 days
Mass ratio be 1:500.
Embodiment 13
On the basis of embodiment 10, behind spray EDTA solution 3 days, sodium sulfite solution is sprayed, each consumption is
Every mu of 50kg, interval sprays prevention and control dilution described in embodiment 6, the sodium sulfite solution sulfite for the first time after 1 day
The mass ratio of sodium and water is 1:800.
Embodiment 14
It is molten that sodium sulfite is sprayed on the basis of embodiment 8, behind 3 days of the mixed solution for spraying cobalt chloride and mannitol
Liquid, each consumption is every mu of 70kg, and interval sprays prevention and control dilution described in embodiment 1, the sodium sulfite for the first time after 3 days
The mass ratio of solution sulfite sodium and water is 1:800.
Test result indicates that, under above-described embodiment, flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe phenomenon to be effectively inhibited, and field tobacco leaf is early
Decline, albefaction, burn, brown spot phenomenon substantially mitigates, physiology and the index of quality are significantly improved, and quality of tobacco is improved significantly, effect
Fruit is significantly.
Comparative example
Routinely measure is cultivated, not powdery ridge, ridging height 35cm, and subsoiling, the loose cave of expansion be not native during transplanting, turf of not spreading manuer in holes,
Not covering with plastic film after transplanting, not mulching straw after cigarette strain group's phase；Cigarette strain Later growth, prevention and control agent is not sprayed, and the maturity period meets gas
Irrigated not in time when waiting arid, other field management measure condition be the same as Examples.
As shown in table 1~2, the tobacco leaf of prevention and control agent is sprayed, " high temperature is forced ripe " incidence, chemical composition, tobacco leaf degree, yield
Significantly improved with Output value index, using effect significantly, effectively can force ripe phenomenon to occur by prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature, quality of tobacco obtains bright
It is aobvious to improve.
Table 1 " high temperature is forced ripe " prevention and control combine measure to tobacco leaf degree, yield, the output value influence
Influence of the measure to tobacco leaf routine chemical componentses is combined in table 2 " high temperature is forced ripe " prevention and control
Above-described embodiment is preferably embodiment, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment of the invention
Limitation, other any Spirit Essences without departing from the present invention and the change made under principle, modification, replacement, combine, simplification,
Equivalent substitute mode is should be, is included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe cultural method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) high ridging combination powdery ridge；
(2) tobacco transplant：Abundant subsoiling, the loose cave soil of expansion, turf of spreading manuer in holes during this, by turf and around root system, cave soil is mixed
It is even；
(3) double coverings：Mulch film, nurse crop stalk are taken off after covering with plastic film after transplanting, cigarette strain group；
(4) cigarette strain Later growth sprays high temperature and forces ripe prevention and control agent, and the high temperature forces ripe prevention and control agent to include following component：Polyamines, nitre
General sodium, calcium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate；
(5) maturity period keeps soil relative water content to be 60~80%.
2. a kind of prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature according to claim 1 forces ripe cultural method, it is characterised in that the step
(1) ridging height >=40cm in；In the step (2) by about 10~20cm horizontal extents around natural turf and root system, 10~
The cave soil of 20cm depth boundses is well mixed, wherein, natural turf amount of application is 30~100g/ plants；Cigarette strain in the step (3)
Take mulch film after group off, mulching straw, wherein rice straw mulching thickness are 2~10cm；1~3 high temperature is sprayed in the step (4)
Force ripe prevention and control agent；(5) maturity period keeps soil relative water content 70~75%.
3. a kind of prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature according to claim 2 forces ripe cultural method, it is characterised in that the high temperature is forced
Ripe prevention and control agent includes the following component calculated by weight：1~10 part of polyamines, 1~10 part of sodium nitroprussiate, 50~150 parts of calcium chloride
With 100~300 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
4. a kind of prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature according to claim 3 forces ripe cultural method, it is characterised in that the polyamines is
One or more in putrescine, spermidine, spermine, putrescine hydrochloride, spermidine hydrochloride, spermine hydrochloride.
5. a kind of prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature according to claim 4 forces ripe cultural method, it is characterised in that the high temperature is forced
Ripe prevention and control agent includes the following component calculated by weight：5 parts of putrescine hydrochloride, 5 parts of sodium nitroprussiate, 100 parts of calcium chloride and phosphoric acid
200 parts of potassium dihydrogen.
6. a kind of prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature according to claim 5 forces ripe cultural method, it is characterised in that the high temperature is forced
Ripe prevention and control agent also includes 2~5 parts of 0.5~3 part of the cobalt chloride and mannitol calculated by weight.
7. the prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature according to claim 1~6 any one forces ripe cultural method, it is characterised in that institute
State in step (4) force each component of ripe prevention and control agent to be dissolved in the water after mixing in proportion the flue-cured tobacco high temperature to obtain prevention and control agent dilute
Liquid is released, flue-cured tobacco high temperature described in the prevention and control dilution agent liquid forces the mass ratio of ripe prevention and control agent and water to be 1:200~1000；Will be described
Prevention and control dilution agent liquid is prosperous long-term to maturity period foliage-spray 1~3 time in cigarette strain, and each consumption is 30~100kg prevention and control dilution agents
Liquid/mu.
8. prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature according to claim 7 forces ripe cultural method, it is characterised in that the prevention and control dilution agent
Flue-cured tobacco high temperature described in liquid forces the mass ratio of ripe prevention and control agent and water to be 1:500, after the prevention and control dilution agent liquid is in the prosperous length of cigarette strain
Phase and prematuration period each foliage-spray 1 time, successively twice spray interval 8~15 days.
9. prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature according to claim 7 forces ripe cultural method, it is characterised in that the prevention and control agent is also wrapped
Include 2~5 parts of 0.5~3 part of the cobalt chloride and mannitol calculated by weight.
10. prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature according to claim 9 forces ripe cultural method, it is characterised in that in the step (4)
The mixed solution of cigarette strain prosperous long early stage foliage-spray cobalt chloride and mannitol, each consumption be every mu of 30~100kg, interval 5~
Total matter of cobalt chloride and mannitol in the prevention and control dilution agent liquid, the mixed solution of the cobalt chloride and mannitol is sprayed after 10 days
The mass ratio of amount and water is 1:300~600.
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