CN107155623A - A kind of prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
- A01N33/04—Nitrogen directly attached to aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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Abstract
Ripe cultural method, including following combination cultivation step are forced the present invention relates to a kind of prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature：(1) high ridging combination powdery ridge；(2) tobacco transplant；(3) double coverings；(4) cigarette strain Later growth sprays high temperature and forces ripe prevention and control agent, and the high temperature forces ripe prevention and control agent to include following component：Polyamines, sodium nitroprussiate, sodium sulfite；(5) maturity period keeps soil relative water content to be 60~80%.The flue-cured tobacco high temperature of the present invention forces ripe preventing control method, cigarette strain root system development can be effectively facilitated, prevent root system early ageing, fully suppress the respiration and moisture loss of blade, the photosynthetic rate for maintaining tobacco leaf higher, strengthen later stage cigarette strain physiological metabolism activity and resistance simultaneously, improve tobacco leaf chemical composition harmony.Force the cigarette strain of ripe preventing control method cultivation using flue-cured tobacco high temperature of the present invention, field tobacco leaf early ageing, albefaction, burn, brown spot phenomenon substantially mitigates, physiology and the index of quality are significantly improved, and effectively ripe phenomenon can be forced to occur by prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature, raising quality of tobacco.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tobacco cultivation field, and in particular to a kind of prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe cultural method.
Background technology
Tobacco is a kind of to changes in environmental conditions very sensitive plant, and ecological factor has larger to yield of tobacco, quality
Influence, wherein climatic factor then be bring up high-quality characteristic tobacco main ecological factor.Research shows, with external sound tobacco
Production district is compared, and the meteorological condition problem of China's flue-cured tobacco field growth period is mainly shown as：Sunshine relative deficiency；Early stage temperature phase
To too low, latter temperature is relatively too high.This phenomenon is especially protruded in China's middle and south cigarette district.
Nanling mountain is the important climatic boundary in China Central China, south China, because its special landform is constituted, to south China gas
Time has obvious barrier action.In spring, due to the barrier effect of Nanling mountain, cold air is trapped in the north of Nanling (Hunan south cigarette
Area), cause rainy weather more；Summer, when subtropical high controls space-time on the Yangtze river basin and Hunan, southerly prevailing,
Nanling north side, down draft is stronger, many fair weathers, and temperature is high, and humidity is small, causes hot weather obvious.In China middle and south
Easily there is the meteorological disaster unfavorable to tobacco growth such as high temperature, high light radiation in cigarette district, causes " high temperature is forced ripe " phenomenon to occur.Closely
Because the research of cultivation technique lags behind the fast development of leaf tobacco production over year, and ecological factor is uncoordinated, and China is Central-South
The tobacco leaf maturity period frequently occurs in portion's cigarette district (such as South Hunan) production can not normally fall Huang, leaf chlorosis, burn, brown spot it is serious
Deng " high temperature is forced ripe " phenomenon, the quality and availability of tobacco leaf have impact on.
Because " high temperature is forced ripe " phenomenon has obvious region characteristic, lack enough attention in terms of understanding for a long time,
Extremely it is short of in terms of theoretical research and Control Technology.Thus, it is main by doing sth. in advance transplanting time at present in production practices, keep away
Exempt from or reduce later stage high temperature damage.So far there is not yet prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe specific cultural method, especially combine anti-
Control measure.
In summary, need badly a kind of prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature of offer force ripe effect significantly, the specific cultivation of quality of tobacco can be improved
Culture method, especially combines prevention and control measure.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention be exploitation it is a kind of prevent flue-cured tobacco high temperature force ripe effect significantly, the cultivation side of quality of tobacco can be improved
Method.
Above-mentioned purpose is to be achieved through the following technical solutions：A kind of prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe cultural method, including such as
Lower step：(1) high ridging combination powdery ridge；(2) tobacco transplant：Abundant subsoiling, the loose cave soil of expansion, turf of spreading manuer in holes, by grass during this
Charcoal is well mixed with cave soil around root system；(3) double coverings：Mulch film, nurse crop are taken off after covering with plastic film after transplanting, cigarette strain group
Stalk；(4) cigarette strain Later growth sprays high temperature and forces ripe prevention and control agent, and the high temperature forces ripe prevention and control agent to include following component：Polyamines, nitre
General sodium, sodium sulfite；(5) maturity period keeps soil relative water content to be 60~80%.
It has been investigated that, tobacco leaf " high temperature is forced ripe " phenomenon is that tobacco leaf economical character, Physiology and biochemistry are comprehensive caused by ecological adverse circumstance
Close under the conditions of reaction, cigarette district adverse circumstance climatic environment, cigarette strain causes not up in whole growth and development stage, physiological metabolism imbalance
Early ageing is induced in the case that normal physiological is ripe；And the root of cigarette strain metabolism disorder is that early stage rainwater is excessive, flue-cured tobacco root system is caused
Depauperation, root activity is remarkably decreased；Cigarette strain root activity, which declines, causes cigarette strain to moisture and nutrient absorption capability reduction, life
Long depauperation, carbon metablism are obstructed, C N metabolism imbalance, cause tobacco leaf economical character to change, cigarette strain resistance reduction, it is difficult to suitable
Answer later stage High temperature.Research shows that rainfall is bigger, and the maturity period " high temperature forces ripe phenomenon " is more obvious.In above-mentioned premise
Under, later stage high temperature stress causes the imbalance of tobacco leaf Physiological and Biochemical Metabolism, and (such as chlorophyll, carotenoid content, photosynthetic rate are notable
Reduction；Membrane permeability and Lipid peroxidation metabolism increase, proline content increase, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and Zeaxanthin cycle imbalance, cigarette
Leaf water metabolism, C N metabolism are obstructed), quality of tobacco declines.So early stage root system development is bad, later stage High temperature is
Two key determinants that " high temperature forces heat " phenomenon occurs.Therefore in actual production, prevention and control flue-cured tobacco " high temperature forces heat " phenomenon
Occur, lift cigarette district flue-cured tobacco total quality, on the one hand should be based on metabolic regulation principle, it is strong using biochemical Control Technology prevention and control high temperature
Light injury, on the other hand should promote root system development using integral cultivating measure, improve cigarette strain resistance, form integrated prevention and control cultivation
Measure.
We have discovered that, high ridging measure is combined using powdery ridge, can be kept soil from packing together, increases the gas permeability of soil, cigarette
The growing way of strain, economical character improve, and its total sugar, content of reducing sugar are significantly improved.The cigarette strain of powdery ridge processing, well developed root system has
Help the weather that cigarette strain resists later stage high temperature and drought, tobacco leaf " high temperature forces heat " phenomenon mitigates, powdery ridge combines high ridging can be as anti-
Tobacco Control leaf high temperature forces one of effective measures of ripe phenomenon.
It has been investigated that, when tobacco seedlings are transplanted, abundant subsoiling, the loose cave soil of expansion, turf of spreading manuer in holes, by cave soil around turf and root system
It is well mixed, cigarette strain can be promoted to develop, prevent later stage tobacco leaf early ageing, tobacco leaf " high temperature forces heat " phenomenon mitigates, its total sugar, reduction
Sugared content is significantly improved, and one of effective measures of ripe phenomenon can be forced as prevention and control tobacco leaf high temperature.
It has been investigated that, arranged using double coverings (taking mulch film, mulching straw off after covering with plastic film, cigarette strain group after transplanting)
Apply, by controlling water control temperature moisturizing, cigarette strain root soil micro-ecological environment can be improved, promote crop field early stage cigarette strain strengthening root early hair, suppression
Later stage root system early ageing processed.Early stage covering with ground sheeting combination drainage measure reaches control water effect, it is to avoid excessive rainwater is to root growth
Suppress and make damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging；Later stage rice straw mulching reaches moisturizing cooling-down effect, prevents root system early ageing.Field cigarette strain growing way is good, cigarette
Leaf quality is obviously improved.Double covering treatments are also one of effective measures of prevention and control tobacco leaf " high temperature forces heat " phenomenon.
It has been investigated that, under maturity period high temperature and drought weather conditions, by spraying in right amount, reduce environment temperature, increase
Humidity, can promote tobacco leaf hacking, be conducive to prevention and control tobacco leaf " high temperature forces heat " phenomenon to occur.
It has been investigated that, the tobacco under high temperature is in the presence of protection cell, and stomata is a certain degree of to be closed to subtract
The damage of light high temperature and intense light irradiation adapts to hot environment, but under continuous or prolonged high temperature action, tobacco leaf is not only
Chloroplast protein is denatured, and respiration is not normal, the accumulation of a large amount of harmful substances such as active oxygen, destroys photosynthesizer, together
When a large amount of dehydrations of transpiration, Leaf Physiology metabolism it is not normal, accelerate aging cause leaf texture's not yet maturation to occur as soon as numerous macula luteas,
And brown stain quickly, have a strong impact on quality of tobacco.The flue-cured tobacco high temperature of the present invention forces the use of ripe prevention and control agent, especially polyamines and nitre
The use of general sodium, it has been investigated that, sodium nitroprussiate decomposes the work(that there is the exogenous NO gas of generation induction stomata to close after being absorbed by blade
Can, while sodium nitroprussiate catabolite can increase intensity of photosynthesis, its product of demarcating can be with the activated protein in blade, such as half Guang
Nitrosation reaction occurs for propylhomoserin, changes its activity；And polyamines can suppress stomatal opening by suppressing ion channel, while can induce
Blade NO Rapid Accumulation, it is ensured that NO has the ability that induction stomata is closed, and can strengthen its oxidation resistance, so, fills
Divide and suppress the function that stomatal opening and exogenous NO gas induction stomata are closed, the abundant respiration for suppressing blade and steaming using polyamines
The effect of rising, reduces the accumulation of harmful substance and the forfeiture of leaf water, but stomata is a certain degree of to close in reduction breathing
While effect and transpiration, it can also suppress photosynthesis, experimental study shows, spraying for sodium sulfite solution is dropped significantly
The high temperature of low cigarette strain forces ripe effect on photosynthetic influence, and specific action principle is probably：Sodium sulfite has certain
Reproducibility, can react with active oxygen in blade, reduce the content of active oxygen, on the other hand, inferior sulfate radical is in plant
By original into H in the presence of inner salt reductase2S, H2S can mitigate intracellular oxidative damage with active oxygen and peroxide reactions,
The especially damage of chlorophyll；And H2S can be in blade activated protein react, to its sulfhydrylation, activate antioxidase
Activity, strengthens enzyme in antioxidant system and Ascorbic acid peroxidase system, passes through the nitrosylation with activated protein
Mutually coordinated effect, it is ensured that photosynthetic intensity.
Experimental study shows, sprays the tobacco leaf of prevention and control agent, field tobacco leaf early ageing, albefaction, burn, brown spot phenomenon substantially subtracts
Gently, physiology and the index of quality are significantly improved (detailed in Example), using effect significantly, can effectively prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature force ripe phenomenon
Occur, improve quality of tobacco.
Preferably, further technical scheme is：(1) high ridging combination powdery ridge before tobacco seedlings are transplanted, ridging height >=
40cm；(2) abundant subsoiling, expansion loose cave soil when transplanting, natural turf of spreading manuer in holes, natural turf amount of application is that 30~100g (is done naturally
Weight)/strain；Turf mix equal with the cave soil of about 10~20cm (radius) horizontal extent around root system, 10~20cm depth boundses
It is even；(3) mulch film, mulching straw are taken after covering with plastic film after transplanting, cigarette strain group off, rice straw mulching thickness is 2~10cm；(4) cigarette
Strain Later growth sprays 1~3 high temperature and forces ripe prevention and control agent；(5) vega sprinkling irrigation is carried out when the maturity period meets drought, soil is kept
Relative water content 70~75%.
Preferably, further technical scheme is：(1) high ridging combination powdery ridge before tobacco seedlings are transplanted, ridging height 45cm；
(2) abundant subsoiling, expansion loose cave soil when transplanting, natural turf of spreading manuer in holes, natural turf amount of application is 50g (natural dry weight)/strain；By day
Right turf with the cave of about 15cm (radius) horizontal extent around root system, 15cm depth boundses is native is well mixed；(3) covered after transplanting
Take mulch film, mulching straw after mulch film, cigarette strain group off, rice straw mulching thickness is 3cm；(4) cigarette strain Later growth sprays 2 high temperature
Force ripe prevention and control agent；(5) vega sprinkling irrigation is carried out when the maturity period meets drought, soil relative water content 75% is kept.
Preferably, further technical scheme is：The flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe prevention and control agent to include what is calculated by weight
Following component：20~50 parts of 1~10 part of polyamines, 1~10 part of sodium nitroprussiate and sodium sulfite.
In this way, by suitably allocating, it is determined that flue-cured tobacco high temperature of the present invention forces the ratio of each component of ripe prevention and control agent, fully sending out
The synergy of each component is waved, while suppressing the respiration and transpiration of cigarette strain blade in high temperature environments as far as possible
Active oxygen is clear in harmful substance and accumulated active oxygen in the photosynthetic rate of maintenance tobacco leaf, reduction blade, raising blade
Removing solid capacity, enhancing cigarette strain physiological metabolism activity and resistance, improve the physiology and the index of quality of tobacco leaf.
Further technical scheme is：The polyamines is putrescine, spermidine, spermine, putrescine hydrochloride, spermidine hydrochloric acid
One or more in salt, spermine hydrochloride.
Further technical scheme is：The flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe prevention and control agent including calculating by weight such as the following group
Point：100~300 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.Potassium dihydrogen phosphate effectively supplements P elements and potassium element, strengthens cigarette strain physiology generation in later stage
Activity and resistance are thanked, promotes blade normally to fall yellow poor, while can play drop alkali increases potassium effect, suppresses nicotine synthesis, promotes potassium
Absorption and accumulation, promote top hacking, improve tobacco leaf chemical composition harmony.
Further technical scheme is：Flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe prevention and control agent to include the following component calculated by weight：It is rotten
200 parts of 5 parts of amine hydrochlorate, 5 parts of sodium nitroprussiate, 30 parts of sodium sulfite and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.Experimental study shows, sprays aforementioned proportion
The flue-cured tobacco high temperature of component is forced after ripe prevention and control agent, and the high temperature of cigarette strain forces ripe effect substantially to weaken, tobacco leaf early ageing, albefaction, burn, brown spot
It is obviously improved etc. phenomenon.
Further technical scheme is：The flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe prevention and control agent also to include the cobalt chloride calculated by weight
2~5 parts of 0.5~3 part, 50~150 parts of calcium chloride and mannitol, wherein, the polyamines, sodium nitroprussiate, sodium sulfite and di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Hydrogen potassium is component A, and the cobalt chloride, calcium chloride and mannitol are B component, and the component A is used separately with B component.Calcium chloride
Use can reduce the accumulation of active oxygen in blade, especially at high temperature, in prevention and control agent the processing of calcium chloride by maintain or
The content of activities of antioxidant enzymes and polyphenoils (such as ascorbic acid) in tobacco leaf is improved to strengthen the removing energy of active oxygen
Power, mitigates injury of the active oxygen to Photosynthetic, meanwhile, Ca2+Transmembrane transport, reduce the Electrolyte Leakage of tobacco leaf
Rate, maintains Ca in kytoplasm2+Homeostasis, and research shows that calcium chloride can also improve Rubisico activating enzymes in blade
Activity, even if therefore the closing induction of Stoma of Leaves can similarly maintain the higher photosynthetic rate of tobacco leaf；Experimental study table
It is bright, spray after cobalt chloride solution, not only can effective ethene suppressing generation, while the content of polyamines in blade can be increased, to work
Property oxygen level increase serve effective inhibitory action, also function to certain effect to suppressing chlorophyll degradation, and mannitol
Addition, the activity of nitrate reductase can be effectively increased, be conducive to catalysis (Asia) nitrate formed NO.
Further technical scheme is：The flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe prevention and control agent also to include the EDTA 3 calculated by weight
~8 parts.Show through experimental study：Blade can activate nitrate reductase to a certain extent after absorbing EDTA molecules, alleviate high temperature with
And intense light irradiation is to the inhibitory action of nitrate reductase.
Further technical scheme is：The flue-cured tobacco high temperature is forced in the step (4) each component of ripe prevention and control agent by
It is dissolved in the water after ratio mixing and obtains prevention and control dilution agent liquid, flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe prevention and control agent described in the prevention and control dilution agent liquid
With the mass ratio 1 of water:200~1000；The prevention and control dilution agent liquid is prosperous long-term to maturity period foliage-spray 1~3 time in cigarette strain,
Each consumption is 30~100kg prevention and control dilution agent liquid/mu.
Further technical scheme is：Flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces the matter of ripe prevention and control agent and water described in the prevention and control dilution agent liquid
Amount is than being 1:500, the prevention and control dilution agent liquid is in cigarette strain prosperous long middle and later periods and prematuration period each foliage-spray 1 time, and successively two
Secondary sprays interval 8~15 days.
Further technical scheme is：The mixed solution of the B component is first sprayed in the prosperous long middle and later periods blade face of cigarette strain, often
Secondary consumption is every mu of 30~100kg, and interval sprays the mixed solution of the component A for the first time after 2~5 days, then is spaced 8~15 days
Spray the mixed solution of the component A for the second time afterwards, wherein, each consumption of mixed solution of component A is every mu of 30~100kg, B
The mass ratio of the gross mass of B component and water is 1 in the mixed solution of component:300~800, component A in the mixed solution of component A
Gross mass and water mass ratio be 1:200~1000.
The mixed solution of B component is first sprayed, the increase that reactive oxygen species can be first pinched to cigarette strain blade serves effective suppression
Make and use, also function to certain effect to suppressing chlorophyll degradation, while increasing the activity of nitrate reductase, be conducive to sodium nitroprussiate
Catalysis forms NO.
Further technical scheme is：The mixed solution of the B component is first sprayed in the prosperous long middle and later periods blade face of cigarette strain, often
Secondary consumption is every mu of 60kg, and interval sprays the mixed solution of the component A for the first time after 3 days, then is spaced after 10 days second of spray
The mixed solution of the component A is applied, wherein, each consumption of mixed solution of component A is every mu of 70kg, the mixed solution of B component
The gross mass of middle B component and the mass ratio of water are 1:600, the gross mass and the mass ratio of water of component A in the mixed solution of component A
For 1:800.
Further technical scheme is：The prosperous long early stage foliage-spray EDTA solution of cigarette strain, each consumption is 30~50kg
Every mu, interval sprays the B component mixed solution after 2~5 days, then is spaced and sprays the mixed of the component A after 2~5 days for the first time
Close solution, then be spaced the mixed solution for spraying the component A after 8~15 days for the second time, wherein, in the EDTA solution EDTA with
The mass ratio of water is 1:100~300.EDTA solution is first sprayed, after blade is fully absorbed, nitrate reductase is effectively activated,
Spray again after including in sodium nitroprussiate prevention and control dilution agent liquid, can fully decompose the sodium nitroprussiate release NO of absorption, improve its effect effect
Really.
Experimental study shows, after above-mentioned prevention and control dilution agent liquid is sprayed in a manner mentioned above, and effective prevention and control flue-cured tobacco is high
Temperature forces ripe phenomenon to occur, field tobacco leaf early ageing, albefaction, burn, brown spot phenomenon substantially mitigates, physiology and the index of quality significantly change
Kind, using effect significantly, can effectively improve quality of tobacco.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, to help more fully understanding the present invention, but this hair
Bright protection domain is not limited in these embodiments.
Embodiment 1
Before tobacco seedlings transplanting, using mechanical powdery ridge, high ridging, ridging height 45cm；Abundant subsoiling, expansion loose cave during transplanting
Soil, natural turf of spreading manuer in holes, natural turf amount of application is 50g (natural dry weight)/strain；By about 15cm around natural turf and root system
The cave soil of (radius) horizontal extent is well mixed, depth bounds 15cm；Covering with plastic film after transplanting, cigarette strain takes ground off after group's phase
Film, mulching straw, rice straw mulching thickness is 3cm；Cigarette strain Later growth, 5 parts of the putrescine hydrochloride, the nitre that calculate by weight is general
It is dissolved in the water after 5 parts of sodium, the uniform mixing of 30 parts of sodium sulfite and obtains prevention and control dilution agent liquid, wherein the flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe anti-
The mass ratio for controlling agent and water is 1:200, the prevention and control dilution agent liquid is in prosperous long middle and later periods and the prematuration period each blade face spray of cigarette strain
Apply 1 time, successively twice spray interval 10 days, each consumption is 100kg prevention and control dilution agent liquid/mu；Maturity period meets drought
Shi Jinhang vegas are sprayed, and the sprinkling irrigation time is afternoon 16：00-17:00, runoff is not produced using after sprinkling irrigation as degree, it is overcast and rainy to be not required to spray
Fill, keep soil relative water content 75%.
Embodiment 2
Before tobacco seedlings transplanting, using mechanical powdery ridge, high ridging, ridging height 40cm；Abundant subsoiling, expansion loose cave during transplanting
Soil, natural turf of spreading manuer in holes, natural turf amount of application is 30g (natural dry weight)/strain；By about 15cm around natural turf and root system
The cave soil of (radius) horizontal extent is well mixed, depth bounds 10cm；Covering with plastic film after transplanting, cigarette strain takes ground off after group's phase
Film, mulching straw, rice straw mulching thickness is 5cm；Cigarette strain Later growth, by 1 part of the putrescine, the sodium nitroprussiate 10 that calculate by weight
It is dissolved in the water after part, the uniform mixing of 5 parts of sodium sulfite and obtains prevention and control dilution agent liquid, wherein the flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe prevention and control agent
Mass ratio with water is 1:500, the prevention and control dilution agent liquid is in prosperous long middle and later periods and the prematuration period each foliage-spray 1 of cigarette strain
It is secondary, successively twice spray interval 8 days, each consumption be 30kg prevention and control dilution agent liquid/mu；Maturity period is carried out when meeting drought
Vega is sprayed, and the sprinkling irrigation time is afternoon 16：00-17:00, runoff is not produced using after sprinkling irrigation as degree, it is overcast and rainy to be not required to sprinkling irrigation, keep
Soil relative water content 70%.
Embodiment 3
Before tobacco seedlings transplanting, using mechanical powdery ridge, high ridging, ridging height 50cm；Abundant subsoiling, expansion loose cave during transplanting
Soil, artificial turf of spreading manuer in holes, artificial turf amount of application is 100g (natural dry weight)/strain；By about 20cm around artificial turf and root system
The cave soil of (radius) horizontal extent is well mixed, depth bounds 20cm；Covering with plastic film after transplanting, cigarette strain takes ground off after group's phase
Film, mulching straw, rice straw mulching thickness is 3cm；Cigarette strain Later growth, by 10 parts of the putrescine, the sodium nitroprussiate 1 that calculate by weight
It is dissolved in the water after part, the uniform mixing of 2 parts of sodium sulfite and obtains prevention and control dilution agent liquid, wherein the flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe prevention and control agent
Mass ratio with water is 1:500, the prevention and control dilution agent liquid is in prosperous long middle and later periods and the prematuration period each foliage-spray 1 of cigarette strain
It is secondary, successively twice spray interval 10 days, each consumption be 50kg prevention and control dilution agent liquid/mu；Maturity period enters when meeting drought
Row vega is sprayed, and the sprinkling irrigation time is the morning 10:00-11:00, runoff is not produced using after sprinkling irrigation as degree, it is overcast and rainy to be not required to sprinkling irrigation, protect
Hold soil relative water content 80%.
Embodiment 4
Before tobacco seedlings transplanting, using mechanical powdery ridge, high ridging, ridging height 40cm；Abundant subsoiling, expansion loose cave during transplanting
Soil, artificial turf of spreading manuer in holes, artificial turf amount of application is 40g (natural dry weight)/strain；By about 15cm around artificial turf and root system
The cave soil of (radius) horizontal extent is well mixed, depth bounds 10cm；Covering with plastic film after transplanting, cigarette strain takes ground off after group's phase
Film, mulching straw, rice straw mulching thickness is 2cm；Cigarette strain Later growth, by 10 parts of the putrescine, the sodium nitroprussiate 8 that calculate by weight
It is dissolved in the water after part, the uniform mixing of 5 parts of sodium sulfite and obtains prevention and control dilution agent liquid, wherein the flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe prevention and control agent
Mass ratio with water is 1:1000, the prevention and control dilution agent liquid is in prosperous long middle and later periods and the prematuration period each foliage-spray 1 of cigarette strain
It is secondary, successively twice spray interval 15 days, each consumption be 50kg prevention and control dilution agent liquid/mu；Maturity period enters when meeting drought
Row vega is sprayed, and the sprinkling irrigation time is the morning 10:00-11:00, runoff is not produced using after sprinkling irrigation as degree, it is overcast and rainy to be not required to sprinkling irrigation, protect
Hold soil relative water content 70%.
Embodiment 5
Before tobacco seedlings transplanting, using mechanical powdery ridge, high ridging, ridging height 45cm；Abundant subsoiling, expansion loose cave during transplanting
Soil, natural turf of spreading manuer in holes, natural turf amount of application is 60g (natural dry weight)/strain；By about 15cm around natural turf and root system
The cave soil of (radius) horizontal extent is well mixed, depth bounds 15cm；Covering with plastic film after transplanting, cigarette strain takes ground off after group's phase
Film, mulching straw, rice straw mulching thickness is 10cm；Cigarette strain Later growth, by 5 parts of the putrescine, the sodium nitroprussiate 5 that calculate by weight
It is dissolved in the water after part, 3 parts of sodium sulfite and the uniform mixing of 200 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and obtains prevention and control dilution agent liquid, wherein institute
Stating flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces the mass ratio of ripe prevention and control agent and water to be 1:600, the prevention and control dilution agent liquid in the cigarette strain prosperous long middle and later periods and
Prematuration period each foliage-spray 1 time, successively twice spray interval 10 days, each consumption be 70kg prevention and control dilution agent liquid/mu；Into
The ripe phase carries out vega sprinkling irrigation when meeting drought, the sprinkling irrigation time is the morning 10:00-11:00, do not produced using after sprinkling irrigation runoff as
Degree, it is overcast and rainy to be not required to sprinkling irrigation, keep soil relative water content 70%.
Embodiment 6
Before tobacco seedlings transplanting, using mechanical powdery ridge, high ridging, ridging height 45cm；Abundant subsoiling, expansion loose cave during transplanting
Soil, natural turf of spreading manuer in holes, natural turf amount of application is 100g (natural dry weight)/strain；By about 20cm around natural turf and root system
The cave soil of (radius) horizontal extent is well mixed, depth bounds 15cm；Covering with plastic film after transplanting, cigarette strain takes ground off after group's phase
Film, mulching straw, rice straw mulching thickness is 3cm；Cigarette strain Later growth, the B groups are first sprayed in the prosperous long middle and later periods blade face of cigarette strain
The mixed solution divided, consumption is every mu of 60kg, and the B component includes 100 parts of 2 parts of cobalt chloride, the calcium chloride calculated by weight
With 3 parts of mannitol, the gross mass of B component and the mass ratio of water are 1 in the mixed solution of B component:600；Interval is after 3 days, and first
The secondary mixed solution for spraying the component A, the mixed solution of the component A is 5 parts of putrescine, the sodium nitroprussiate that will be calculated by weight
It is dissolved in the water and obtains after 5 parts, 3 parts of sodium sulfite and the uniform mixing of 200 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate；It is spaced again after 10 days second
The mixed solution of the component A is sprayed, each consumption is 70kg prevention and control dilution agent liquid/mu；Maturity period is carried out when meeting drought
Vega is sprayed, and the sprinkling irrigation time is the morning 10:00-11:00, runoff is not produced using after sprinkling irrigation as degree, it is overcast and rainy to be not required to sprinkling irrigation, keep
Soil relative water content 70%.
Embodiment 7
Before tobacco seedlings transplanting, using mechanical powdery ridge, high ridging, ridging height 45cm；Abundant subsoiling, expansion loose cave during transplanting
Soil, natural turf of spreading manuer in holes, natural turf amount of application is 30g (natural dry weight)/strain；By about 10cm around natural turf and root system
The cave soil of (radius) horizontal extent is well mixed, depth bounds 10cm；Covering with plastic film after transplanting, cigarette strain takes ground off after group's phase
Film, mulching straw, rice straw mulching thickness is 5cm；Cigarette strain Later growth, the B groups are first sprayed in the prosperous long middle and later periods blade face of cigarette strain
The mixed solution divided, the B component includes 50 parts of 0.5 part of cobalt chloride, the calcium chloride and 5 parts of mannitol calculated by weight, B groups
The mass ratio of the gross mass of B component and water is 1 in the mixed solution divided:300；Interval sprays the institute of embodiment 6 for the first time after 5 days
The mixed solution of component A is stated, then is spaced the mixed solution for spraying component A described in embodiment 6 after 10 days for the second time, above-mentioned solution is every
Secondary consumption is every mu of 100kg；Maturity period carries out vega sprinkling irrigation when meeting drought, the sprinkling irrigation time is the morning 10:00-11:00, with
It is degree not produce runoff after sprinkling irrigation, overcast and rainy to be not required to sprinkling irrigation, keeps soil relative water content 70%.
Embodiment 8
On the basis of embodiment 6, the mixed solution of the B component, interval 2 are first sprayed in the prosperous long middle and later periods blade face of cigarette strain
The mixed solution of the component A in embodiment 6 is sprayed after it for the first time, then is spaced and sprays the mixed of the component A after 10 days for the second time
Solution is closed, the above-mentioned each consumption of solution is every mu of 30kg；Wherein, the B component include calculate by weight 3 parts of cobalt chloride,
The mass ratio of the gross mass of B component and water is 1 in 2 parts of 150 parts of calcium chloride and mannitol, the mixed solution of B component:1000.
On the basis of embodiment 1~4, the mixing that all can first spray the B component in the prosperous long middle and later periods blade face of cigarette strain is molten
Liquid, sprays the component A solution in embodiment 1~4 after a couple of days of interval, research shows also to can reach preferable effect.
Embodiment 9
On the basis of embodiment 6, in the prosperous long early stage foliage-spray EDTA solution of cigarette strain, each consumption is every mu of 40kg,
Interval sprays the B component mixed solution described in embodiment 6 after 3 days, wherein, the mass ratio of EDTA and water in the EDTA solution
For 1:200, EDTA account for 5 parts that the flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces that ripe prevention and control agent calculates by weight.
Embodiment 10
On the basis of embodiment 6, in the prosperous long early stage foliage-spray EDTA solution of cigarette strain, each consumption is every mu of 30kg,
Interval sprays the B component mixed solution described in embodiment 6 after 2 days, wherein, the mass ratio of EDTA and water in the EDTA solution
For 1:100, EDTA account for 3 parts that the flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces that ripe prevention and control agent calculates by weight.
Embodiment 11
On the basis of embodiment 6, in the prosperous long early stage foliage-spray EDTA solution of cigarette strain, each consumption is every mu of 50kg,
Interval sprays the B component mixed solution described in embodiment 6 after 5 days, wherein, the mass ratio of EDTA and water in the EDTA solution
For 1:300, EDTA account for 8 parts that the flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces that ripe prevention and control agent calculates by weight.
Test result indicates that, under above-described embodiment, flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe phenomenon to be effectively inhibited, and field tobacco leaf is early
Decline, albefaction, burn, brown spot phenomenon substantially mitigates, physiology and the index of quality are significantly improved, and quality of tobacco is improved significantly, effect
Fruit is significantly.
Comparative example
Routinely measure is cultivated, not powdery ridge, ridging height 35cm, and subsoiling, the loose cave of expansion be not native during transplanting, turf of not spreading manuer in holes,
Not covering with plastic film after transplanting, not mulching straw after cigarette strain group's phase；Cigarette strain Later growth, prevention and control agent is not sprayed, and the maturity period meets gas
Irrigated not in time when waiting arid, other field management measure condition be the same as Examples.
As shown in table 1~2, the tobacco leaf of prevention and control agent is sprayed, " high temperature is forced ripe " incidence, chemical composition, tobacco leaf degree, yield
Significantly improved with Output value index, using effect significantly, effectively can force ripe phenomenon to occur by prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature, quality of tobacco obtains bright
It is aobvious to improve.
Table 1 " high temperature is forced ripe " prevention and control combine measure to tobacco leaf degree, yield, the output value influence
Influence of the measure to tobacco leaf routine chemical componentses is combined in table 2 " high temperature is forced ripe " prevention and control
Above-described embodiment is preferably embodiment, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment of the invention
Limitation, other any Spirit Essences without departing from the present invention and the change made under principle, modification, replacement, combine, simplification,
Equivalent substitute mode is should be, is included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe cultural method, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
(1) high ridging combination powdery ridge；
(2) tobacco transplant：Abundant subsoiling, the loose cave soil of expansion, turf of spreading manuer in holes during this, by turf and around root system, cave soil is mixed
It is even；
(3) double coverings：Mulch film, nurse crop stalk are taken off after covering with plastic film after transplanting, cigarette strain group；
(4) cigarette strain Later growth sprays high temperature and forces ripe prevention and control agent, and the high temperature forces ripe prevention and control agent to include following component：Polyamines, nitre
General sodium, sodium sulfite；
(5) maturity period keeps soil relative water content to be 60~80%.
2. a kind of prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature according to claim 1 forces ripe cultural method, it is characterised in that the step
(1) ridging height >=40cm in；In the step (2) by about 10~20cm horizontal extents around natural turf and root system, 10~
The cave soil of 20cm depth boundses is well mixed, wherein, natural turf amount of application is 30~100g/ plants；Cigarette strain in the step (3)
Take mulch film after group off, mulching straw, wherein rice straw mulching thickness are 2~10cm；1~3 high temperature is sprayed in the step (4)
Force ripe prevention and control agent；(5) maturity period keeps soil relative water content 70~75%.
3. a kind of prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature according to claim 2 forces ripe cultural method, it is characterised in that the high temperature is forced
Ripe prevention and control agent includes the following component calculated by weight：1~10 part of polyamines, 1~10 part of sodium nitroprussiate and sodium sulfite 20~50
Part.
4. a kind of prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature according to claim 3 forces ripe cultural method, it is characterised in that the high temperature is forced
Ripe prevention and control agent also includes the following component calculated by weight：100~300 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
5. a kind of prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature according to claim 4 forces ripe cultural method, it is characterised in that the high temperature is forced
Ripe prevention and control agent includes the following component calculated by weight：5 parts of putrescine hydrochloride, 5 parts of sodium nitroprussiate, 30 parts of sodium sulfite and phosphoric acid
200 parts of potassium dihydrogen.
6. a kind of prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature according to claim 5 forces ripe cultural method, it is characterised in that the high temperature is forced
Ripe prevention and control agent also includes 50~150 parts of 0.5~3 part of cobalt chloride, the calcium chloride and 2~5 parts of mannitol calculated by weight, its
In, the polyamines, sodium nitroprussiate, sodium sulfite and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are component A, and the cobalt chloride, calcium chloride and mannitol are B groups
Point, the component A is used separately with B component.
7. the prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature according to Claims 1 to 5 any one forces ripe cultural method, it is characterised in that institute
State in step (4) force each component of ripe prevention and control agent to be dissolved in the water after mixing in proportion the flue-cured tobacco high temperature to obtain prevention and control agent dilute
Liquid is released, flue-cured tobacco high temperature described in the prevention and control dilution agent liquid forces the mass ratio of ripe prevention and control agent and water to be 1:200~1000；Will be described
Prevention and control dilution agent liquid is prosperous long-term to maturity period foliage-spray 1~3 time in cigarette strain, and each consumption is 30~100kg prevention and control dilution agents
Liquid/mu.
8. prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature according to claim 7 forces ripe cultural method, it is characterised in that the prevention and control dilution agent
Flue-cured tobacco high temperature described in liquid forces the mass ratio of ripe prevention and control agent and water to be 1:500, after the prevention and control dilution agent liquid is in the prosperous length of cigarette strain
Phase and prematuration period each foliage-spray 1 time, successively twice spray interval 8~15 days.
9. prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature according to claim 6 forces ripe cultural method, it is characterised in that after in the prosperous length of cigarette strain
Phase, blade face first sprayed the mixed solution of the B component, and each consumption is every mu of 30~100kg, and interval is sprayed for the first time after 2~5 days
The mixed solution of the component A is applied, then is spaced the mixed solution for spraying the component A after 8~15 days for the second time, wherein, component A
The each consumption of mixed solution be every mu of 30~100kg, the gross mass and the mass ratio of water of B component in the mixed solution of B component
For 1:300~800, the mass ratio of the gross mass of component A and water is 1 in the mixed solution of component A:200~1000.
10. prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature according to claim 9 forces ripe cultural method, it is characterised in that in the prosperous length of cigarette strain
Later stage, blade face first sprayed the mixed solution of the B component, and each consumption is every mu of 60kg, and interval sprays the A for the first time after 3 days
The mixed solution of component, then the mixed solution for spraying the component A after 10 days for the second time is spaced, wherein, the mixed solution of component A
Each consumption is the gross mass of B component in every mu of 70kg, the mixed solution of B component and the mass ratio of water is 1:600, component A
The mass ratio of the gross mass of component A and water is 1 in mixed solution:800.
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| CN113331009A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2021-09-03 | 五月阳光生物科技(浙江)有限公司 | Planting method of rice with high trace elements and high SOD (superoxide dismutase) |
| CN113331009B (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2021-12-03 | 五月阳光生物科技(浙江)有限公司 | Planting method of rice with high trace elements and high SOD (superoxide dismutase) |
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