CN110506598A - A kind of Synthetical prevention method of black root of tobacco - Google Patents
A kind of Synthetical prevention method of black root of tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- CN110506598A CN110506598A CN201910891693.0A CN201910891693A CN110506598A CN 110506598 A CN110506598 A CN 110506598A CN 201910891693 A CN201910891693 A CN 201910891693A CN 110506598 A CN110506598 A CN 110506598A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
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Abstract
A kind of method for integrated control of black root of tobacco disclosed by the invention, include the following steps: (1) soil improvement: after crop harvest, stalk crushing is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in field, soil deep tillage is carried out, using the soil as the soil of next year plantation flue-cured tobacco；(2) Chemical treatment: after well stores the transplanting of formula tobacco seedlings, water-retaining agent is applied into well cellar and contains 1,000,000,000/g bacillus subtilis, root-growing agent, potassium nitrate, the root water of permethrin milk oil, methaldehyde granule；15-20 days after tobacco seedlings transplanting, with first time topdressing again with the rich water liquid irrigating root containing 1,000,000,000/g bacillus subtilis, root-growing agent；Black root of tobacco early stage uses metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder pouring root before low temperature is rainy or continuous rainy days.The invention has the advantages that solving the problems, such as that existing single measure is poor with control effect not in time to black root of tobacco prevention and control, black root of tobacco control efficiency is improved, increases yield of tobacco, the output value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tobacco planting technical field, the Synthetical prevention method of specially a kind of black root of tobacco.
Background technique
Black root of tobacco is a kind of world caused by being infected by thielaviopsis sp bacterium (Thielaviopsis basicola)
Property fungal disease, the provinces such as Yunnan Province of China, Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing, Henan, Anhui, Shandong occur it is more universal, grave illness tobacco field hair
Sick rate not only causes tobacco production to lose up to 30% or more, but also influences quality of tobacco, and the industry for reducing susceptible tobacco leaf can
The property used.In recent years, as continuous cropping tobacco field increases, the variation of tobacco seedling mode and cropping system and special effect agent and resistance product
The shortage of kind, black root of tobacco have the tendency that sprawling aggravates.
Black root of tobacco early stage Symptoms are unobvious, often start yellow in tobacco leaf in production at present, here wither
Afterwards based on chemical prevention, such control method has three, one, control method it is single, dosage is big, and Tobacco Root is black
Maize ear rot control efficiency is poor, increases tobacco grower's planting cost；Two, the difficulty of governance after being ill of black root of tobacco is quite big；Three, it causes
It plants cigarette ecological zone environment pollution and agricultural chemical residue in tobacco is exceeded, seriously affect quality of tobacco and quality；Four, medicament is easy quilt
Due control efficiency is not achieved in rain drop erosion.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the defect for only using chemical agent prevention and control black root of tobacco effect poor in the prior art, the present invention is mentioned
A kind of Synthetical prevention method of black root of tobacco is supplied, the purpose of realization is to solve existing single measure to the black corruption of Tobacco Root
The sick prevention and control problem poor with control effect not in time, improves black root of tobacco control efficiency, increases yield of tobacco, the output value.
To achieve the goals above, technical solution provided by the invention is a kind of black root of tobacco provided by the invention
Method for integrated control, include the following steps:
(1) soil improvement: after crop harvest, stalk crushing is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in field, soil deep tillage is carried out, by the soil
Soil of the earth as next year plantation flue-cured tobacco；
(2) Chemical treatment: after well stores the transplanting of formula tobacco seedlings, the water-retaining agent of 4-8g/ plants of application into well cellar, then every plant
Apply 100-125g/ mus of microorganism formulation of the bacillus subtilis Han 1,000,000,000/g, 25-50ml/ mus of root-growing agent, potassium nitrate 200-
The root water 100-200ml of 600g/ mus and 30-45ml/ mus of 5% permethrin milk oil of mass concentration, then lose and apply mass concentration and be
6% 100-150g/ mus of methaldehyde granule；15-20 days after tobacco seedlings transplanting, with first time topdressing again with containing 1,000,000,000/g
25-50ml/ mus of 100-125g/ mus of bacillus subtilis, root-growing agent pouring roots.
Further, step (1) concrete operations are as follows: after grass family and crop in cruciferae harvest, disable Solanaceae
With ground family crop stalk, using stalk crasher by stalk dissection, crushing, smashed stalk length is advisable for 1-8cm, will
The stalk of crushing is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in field, per acre 150-250kg, and carries out soil deep tillage, depth of turning soil 20-25cm.
Further, after carrying out pouring root with bacillus subtilis, root-growing agent in the step (2), in black root of tobacco
Early stage dilutes 800 times of liquid with metalaxyl-mn-zn Recompounded pesticide before low temperature is rainy or continuous rainy days and carries out root irrigation,
The mass concentration of metalaxyl is 10% in the metalaxyl-mn-zn Recompounded pesticide, and the mass concentration of Mancozeb is 48%, used
Metalaxyl-mn-zn Recompounded pesticide dosage 50-75g per acre.
Further include the strong seedling cultivation carried out before Chemical treatment, site preparation, ridging in the step (2) and selects Miao work
Make, concrete operations are as follows: flue-cured tobacco is carried out using the matrix being made of sawdust, yellow ground and floats wet nursery, sawdust accounts in the matrix
Mass percent is 35%, and the quality score ratio that yellow ground accounts for is 65%；Site preparation, ridging, by 35-40kg/ mus of organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer
12-15kg/ mus, 100-150kg/ mus of farmyard manure, 6-8kg/ mus of nitrogenous fertilizer, 18-24kg/ mus of potash fertilizer make base manure item and impose on ridge bottom,
The middle 60%-70% by nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer usage amount is used as base manure, remaining to be used for top dressing, ridge body bottom width 80-90cm, the high 30- in ridge
40cm guarantees that ridge body is full, ridge face is fine crushing, and saturating rain to be dropped, overlay film when soil moisture content is good makes mulch be close to ridge body, and temperature is stablized
The small transplantation of seedlings of formula is stored by carrying out well at 12 DEG C, selects growing way stalwartness, consistent, no disease and pests harm, well developed root system, matrix uniform in size
The tight tobacco seedlings of bundle are transplanted.Further, after carrying out root irrigation in the step (2), flue-cured tobacco root black rot is sent out
The serious plot of disease destroys footing leaf 2-3 piece and earths up again while carrying out chemical control.
Further, this method further includes step (3) field management: when tobacco seedling growth point is higher by ridge face 2-5cm, being removed
Weeds and cave is filled out with fine earth seal film mouth, continue plantation according to local flue-cured tobacco field planting method, certainly in film mouth and cave
The preferably local high-quality tobacco implantation methods of field planting referred herein continue to plant.
Further, the root-growing agent is the soluble concentrate containing indolebutyric acid and methyl α-naphthyl acetate, and the indolebutyric acid is being taken root
The mass percent accounted in agent is 2.5%, and the mass percent that the methyl α-naphthyl acetate accounts in root-growing agent is 2.5%.
By adopting the above technical scheme, beneficial effect includes: that the present invention manages soil improvement, chemical control and crop field to the present invention
Reason etc. preventions effectively cooperate with, can not only solve existing single measure to the prevention and control of root black rot not in time with control effect compared with
The problem of difference, and increase yield of tobacco, the output value.Crushing straw returning to the field is used in operation of the present invention step, can not only be increased
The soil organism improves soil texture, increases soil fertility and soil water code insurance accumulation of energy power, and can increase micro organism quantity
And type also helps making full use of for stalk, has prevented crop straw burning and made to tie up the existence resource of root black rot germ
At atmosphere pollution, improve agroecological environment, be conducive to soil ecosystem to sustainable health development direction convert, tool
There are significant ecological benefits and economic benefit.The present invention utilizes absorption of the water-retaining agent to medical fluid and rich water, not only acts as medical fluid
Slow releasing function directly irrigates administration compared to the prior art, saves pharmaceutical use and spraying times, reduces rainwater to medicament
Leaching speed, enhance the function and effect of medicament, and be able to solve the influence of transplanting time drought harsh weather, effectively
Transplanting survival rate is improved, cost of labor is reduced.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated with reference to embodiments.There is no the operating method of specified otherwise in the present invention
It is all the prior art, the operating condition of specified otherwise is not all under normal temperature and pressure yet, and reagent is commercially available buys by oneself.
Embodiment one: the Synthetical prevention method of black root of tobacco provided by the invention, comprising: (1) rice, corn,
After the grass family such as rape and crop in cruciferae harvest, Solanaceae and ground family crop stalk are disabled, using stalk crasher by straw
Stalk dissection crushes, and smashed stalk length is advisable for 1-8cm, the stalk of crushing is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in field, per acre
150kg, and soil deep tillage is carried out, depth of turning soil 20cm.
(2) mid-March in next year starts site preparation, ridging, by 35kg/ mus of organic fertilizer, 12kg/ mus of phosphate fertilizer, farmyard manure 100kg/
Mu, 6kg/ mus of nitrogenous fertilizer, 18kg/ mus of potash fertilizer make base manure item and impose on ridge bottom, wherein by nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer usage amount 60% be used as base
Fertilizer, remaining to be used for top dressing, ridge body bottom width 80-90cm, the high 30-40cm in ridge guarantee that ridge body is full, ridge face is fine crushing, saturating rain to be dropped,
Overlay film when soil moisture content is good makes mulch be close to ridge body.
(3) well is carried out when cigarette district temperature is stablized by 12 DEG C and stores the small transplantation of seedlings of formula, and the best transplanting time in Yibin Prefecture is April
Early and middle ten days.Selection growing way is healthy and strong, consistent, no disease and pests harm, well developed root system, matrix bundle tight tobacco seedlings uniform in size are transplanted.
(4) after the transplanting of well cellar formula tobacco seedlings, 4g/ plants of water-retaining agent (such as product Shi Kebao) is applied into well cellar, then often
Strain applies the microorganism formulation 100g, root-growing agent 25ml, potassium nitrate 200g and mass concentration of the bacillus subtilis Han 1,000,000,000/g
The root water 100ml of 5% permethrin milk oil 30ml, then lose and apply mass concentration as 100g/ mus of 6% methaldehyde granule；Cigarette
15 days after transplantation of seedlings, with first time topdressing again with containing 100g/ mus of 1,000,000,000/g bacillus subtilis, 25ml/ mus of root-growing agent
Pouring root.Early stage dilutes 800 times of liquid with metalaxyl-mn-zn Recompounded pesticide before low temperature is rainy or cloudy weather for several days running day and carries out at pouring root
It manages, the mass concentration of metalaxyl is 10% in the metalaxyl-mn-zn Recompounded pesticide, and the mass concentration of Mancozeb is 48%, institute
Dosage 50g carries out root irrigation to metalaxyl-mn-zn Recompounded pesticide per acre, falls ill serious plot for flue-cured tobacco root black rot,
While carrying out chemical control, destroys footing leaf 2-3 piece and earth up again.
(5) it when tobacco seedling growth point is higher by ridge face 2-5cm, weeds is removed in film mouth and cave and fill out cave with fine earth seals film
Mouthful.Other cultivation management measures are managed by local tobacco planting technical regulation.
The root-growing agent is preferably the soluble concentrate containing indolebutyric acid and methyl α-naphthyl acetate, and the indolebutyric acid accounts in root-growing agent
Mass percent be 2.5%, the mass percent that the methyl α-naphthyl acetate accounts in root-growing agent be 2.5%.
Method of the prior art to flue-cured tobacco root black rot, comprising the following steps:
(1) before transplanting, site preparation, ridging, ridge body bottom width 80-90cm, the high 25-30cm in ridge, overlay film when soil moisture content is good；
(2) cigarette district temperature, which is stablized, stores the small transplantation of seedlings of formula by carrying out well at 13 DEG C, uses after transplanting and contains potassium nitrate and 5% chlorine cyanogen
Pyrethroids missible oil liquid pours root water, then loses and apply 6% methaldehyde granule；
(3) when apparent black root of tobacco occurs in field, with 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 800-1000
Times liquid carries out spraying prevention and treatment.
Model field and control field is respectively set using the method and art methods of the present embodiment, model field is according to implementation
The method of example one controls black root of tobacco, and control field controls black root of tobacco according to art methods.It then will demonstration
Field is compared with control field, the results show that tobacco seedlings survival rate ratio control field improves 2-6 percentage points after model field transplanting,
Crop field cigarette strain growing way and uniformity are also significantly better than control, and black root of tobacco morbidity is postponed 12 days than the prior art, disease incidence
With disease index significantly lower than control, control efficiency reaches 87.36%.
Embodiment two: the Synthetical prevention method of black root of tobacco provided by the invention, comprising: (1) rice, corn,
After the grass family such as rape and crop in cruciferae harvest, Solanaceae and ground family crop stalk are disabled, using stalk crasher by straw
Stalk dissection crushes, and smashed stalk length is advisable for 1-8cm, the stalk of crushing is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in field, per acre
250kg, and soil deep tillage is carried out, depth of turning soil 25cm.
(2) mid-March in next year starts site preparation, ridging, by 40kg/ mus of organic fertilizer, 15kg/ mus of phosphate fertilizer, farmyard manure 150kg/
Mu, 8kg/ mus of nitrogenous fertilizer, 24kg/ mus of potash fertilizer make base manure item and impose on ridge bottom, wherein by nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer usage amount 70% be used as base
Fertilizer, remaining to be used for top dressing, ridge body bottom width 80-90cm, the high 30-40cm in ridge guarantee that ridge body is full, ridge face is fine crushing, saturating rain to be dropped,
Overlay film when soil moisture content is good makes mulch be close to ridge body.
(3) well is carried out when cigarette district temperature is stablized by 12 DEG C and stores the small transplantation of seedlings of formula, and the best transplanting time in Yibin Prefecture is April
Early and middle ten days.Selection growing way is healthy and strong, consistent, no disease and pests harm, well developed root system, matrix bundle tight tobacco seedlings uniform in size are transplanted.
(4) after the transplanting of well cellar formula tobacco seedlings, 8g/ plants of water-retaining agent is applied into well cellar, then every plant of application contains 1,000,000,000/g
The microorganism formulation 125g of bacillus subtilis, root-growing agent 50ml, potassium nitrate 600g and 5% permethrin milk oil of mass concentration
The root water 200ml of 45ml, then lose and apply mass concentration as 150g/ mus of 6% methaldehyde granule；20 days after tobacco seedlings transplanting, with
First time topdressing is again with containing 50ml/ mus of 125g/ mus of 1,000,000,000/g bacillus subtilis, root-growing agent pouring roots.Early stage or
800 times of liquid, which are diluted, with metalaxyl-mn-zn Recompounded pesticide before low temperature is rainy or cloudy weather for several days running day carries out root irrigation, the metalaxyl manganese
The mass concentration of metalaxyl is 10% in zinc Recompounded pesticide, and the mass concentration of Mancozeb is 48%, metalaxyl-mn-zn used
Dosage 75g carries out root irrigation for the serious plot of flue-cured tobacco root black rot morbidity to Recompounded pesticide per acre, is carrying out chemical control
While, it destroys footing leaf 2-3 piece and earths up again.
(5) it when tobacco seedling growth point is higher by ridge face 2-5cm, weeds is removed in film mouth and cave and fill out cave with fine earth seals film
Mouthful.Other cultivation management measures are managed by local tobacco planting technical regulation.
The root-growing agent is the soluble concentrate containing indolebutyric acid and methyl α-naphthyl acetate, the matter that the indolebutyric acid accounts in root-growing agent
Measuring percentage is 2.5%, and the mass percent that the methyl α-naphthyl acetate accounts in root-growing agent is 2.5%.
Method of the prior art to flue-cured tobacco root black rot, comprising the following steps:
(1) before transplanting, site preparation, ridging, ridge body bottom width 80-90cm, the high 25-30cm in ridge, overlay film when soil moisture content is good；
(2) cigarette district temperature, which is stablized, stores the small transplantation of seedlings of formula by carrying out well at 13 DEG C, uses after transplanting and contains potassium nitrate and 5% chlorine cyanogen
Pyrethroids missible oil liquid pours root water, then loses and apply 6% methaldehyde granule；
(3) when apparent black root of tobacco occurs in field, with 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 800-1000
Times liquid carries out spraying prevention and treatment.
Model field and control field is respectively set using the method and art methods of the present embodiment, model field is according to implementation
The method of example one controls black root of tobacco, and control field controls black root of tobacco according to art methods.It then will demonstration
Field is compared with control field, and tobacco seedlings survival rate ratio control field improves 2-6 percentage points after model field transplanting as the result is shown, greatly
Field cigarette strain growing way and uniformity are also significantly better than control, and black root of tobacco morbidity is postponed 14 days than the prior art, disease incidence and
Disease index reaches 88.36% significantly lower than control, control efficiency.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, made any to repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method for integrated control of black root of tobacco, which is characterized in that this method comprises the following steps:
(1) soil improvement: after crop harvest, stalk crushing is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in field, soil deep tillage is carried out, which is made
The soil of flue-cured tobacco is planted for next year；
(2) Chemical treatment: after well stores the transplanting of formula tobacco seedlings, 4-8g/ plants of water-retaining agent is applied into well cellar, then every plant of application
100-125g/ mus of the microorganism formulation of the bacillus subtilis containing 1,000,000,000/g, 25-50ml/ mus of root-growing agent, potassium nitrate 200-
The root water 100-200ml of 600g/ mus and 30-45ml/ mus of 5% permethrin milk oil of mass concentration, then lose and apply mass concentration and be
6% 100-150g/ mus of methaldehyde granule；15-20 days after tobacco seedlings transplanting, with first time topdressing again with containing 1,000,000,000/g
25-50ml/ mus of 100-125g/ mus of bacillus subtilis, root-growing agent pouring roots.
2. the method for integrated control of black root of tobacco according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (1) tool
Gymnastics conduct: after grass family and crop in cruciferae harvest, Solanaceae and ground family crop stalk are disabled, using stalk crasher
It by stalk dissection, crushes, smashed stalk length 1-8cm is advisable, the stalk of crushing is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in field, per acre
150-250kg, and soil deep tillage is carried out, depth of turning soil 20-25cm.
3. the method for integrated control of black root of tobacco according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (2)
After carrying out pouring root with bacillus subtilis, root-growing agent, black root of tobacco early stage or low temperature be rainy or continuous rainy days
It is preceding to carry out root irrigation, metalaxyl in the metalaxyl-mn-zn Recompounded pesticide with metalaxyl-mn-zn Recompounded pesticide 800 times of liquid of dilution
Mass concentration be 10%, the mass concentration of Mancozeb is 48%, metalaxyl-mn-zn Recompounded pesticide used dosage 50- per acre
75g。
4. the method for integrated control of black root of tobacco according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (2)
Further include the strong seedling cultivation carried out before Chemical treatment, site preparation, ridging and seedling selected to work, concrete operations are as follows: using by
The matrix that sawdust, yellow ground form carries out flue-cured tobacco and floats wet nursery, and the mass percent that sawdust accounts in the matrix is 35%, yellow ground
The quality score ratio accounted for is 65%；Site preparation, ridging, by 35-40kg/ mus of organic fertilizer, 12-15kg/ mus of phosphate fertilizer, farmyard manure 100-
150kg/ mus, 6-8kg/ mus of nitrogenous fertilizer, 18-24kg/ mus of potash fertilizer make base manure item and impose on ridge bottom, wherein by nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer usage amount
60%-70% is used as base manure, remaining to be used for top dressing, and ridge body bottom width 80-90cm, the high 30-40cm in ridge guarantee that ridge body is full, ridge
Face is fine crushing, saturating rain to be dropped, overlay film when soil moisture content is good, and mulch is made to be close to ridge body, and temperature, which is stablized, stores formula by carrying out well at 12 DEG C
Small transplantation of seedlings selects growing way stalwartness, consistent, no disease and pests harm, well developed root system, matrix bundle tight tobacco seedlings uniform in size to be moved
It plants.
5. according to claim 1, black root of tobacco method for integrated control, which is characterized in that the step (2)
After middle carry out root irrigation, footing is destroyed while carrying out chemical control for the serious plot of flue-cured tobacco root black rot morbidity
Leaf 2-3 piece is earthed up again.
6. the method for integrated control of black root of tobacco according to claim 1, which is characterized in that this method further includes step
Suddenly it (3) field management: when tobacco seedling growth point is higher by ridge face 2-5cm, weeds is removed in film mouth and cave and fill out cave with fine earth seals
Film mouth continues plantation according to local flue-cured tobacco field planting method.
7. the method for integrated control of black root of tobacco according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the root-growing agent be containing
The soluble concentrate of indolebutyric acid and methyl α-naphthyl acetate, the mass percent that the indolebutyric acid accounts in root-growing agent are 2.5%, the naphthalene
The mass percent that acetic acid accounts in root-growing agent is 2.5%.
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| CN113079783A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-07-09 | 贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司 | Water, carbon, fertilizer and pesticide coupled flue-cured tobacco fertilization method |
| CN114009259A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2022-02-08 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for preventing and treating black rot of cabbage vegetables in seedling stage |
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