CN111742794A - Chrysanthemum planting method suitable for large-area planting - Google Patents
Chrysanthemum planting method suitable for large-area planting Download PDFInfo
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- CN111742794A CN111742794A CN202010735504.3A CN202010735504A CN111742794A CN 111742794 A CN111742794 A CN 111742794A CN 202010735504 A CN202010735504 A CN 202010735504A CN 111742794 A CN111742794 A CN 111742794A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of chrysanthemum planting, in particular to a chrysanthemum planting method suitable for large-area planting, which realizes the planting of chrysanthemum seedlings by soil arrangement, seedling transplanting, insect prevention and disease prevention, fertilization after planting and trimming and picking, and treats the soil before chrysanthemum transplanting by pretreating the soil and adding a large amount of organic fertilizer, so that the soil is rich in organic nutrients and is beneficial to the growth of the chrysanthemum seedlings; after the chrysanthemum is transplanted, the probability of chrysanthemum infection can be reduced through insect prevention and disease prevention nursing and other nursing, and the survival rate and the quality of the chrysanthemum are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of chrysanthemum planting, in particular to a chrysanthemum planting method suitable for large-area planting.
Background
The medicinal use of chrysanthemum can be traced back to the Han generation. In the first monograph of Chinese materia medica of the Han Dynasty, the chrysanthemum is listed as the top grade and written as follows: "dominating wind, dizziness, swelling and pain, eye loss, tear, dead skin, aversion to wind-damp arthralgia, long-term taking, blood and qi benefiting, weight reduction, aging resistance and prolonging life". The chrysanthemum contains a large amount of active ingredients such as stevioside, volatile oil, flavonoid compounds, vitamin B1, amino acid and the like, and can enhance the resistance of capillary vessels and reduce blood pressure;
the chrysanthemum is warm in climate and in sunshine-rich environment, can resist cold and waterlogging, but cannot lack water in seedling stage and flowering stage, is sensitive to short-time response of the illumination, can bud and bloom only by illumination of less than 10 hours every day, is planted all over the country, and has a mature planting method; in the existing planting method, the requirement of planting chrysanthemum on soil is not strict, and the soil cannot be treated at all, so that the common diseases such as root rot, downy mildew, brown spot and the like of the planted chrysanthemum can be easily caused due to the disease of the soil, the environment is polluted by treating the chrysanthemum according to a conventional pesticide spraying method after the disease and pest appear, the soil structure is damaged, and the yield and the quality of the chrysanthemum are greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defect of low chrysanthemum yield in the prior art, and provides a chrysanthemum planting method suitable for large-area planting.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
designing a chrysanthemum planting method suitable for large-area planting, comprising the following steps;
step 1: soil preparation, namely selecting cultivated land which is not planted with chrysanthemum in nearly two years, deeply turning, uniformly spreading 120kg of quicklime for each mu, finely preparing the land 10-15 days before transplanting, and then fertilizing 800-;
step 2: transplanting seedlings, which comprises the following specific implementation steps:
A. firstly, opening ridges in a plantation, wherein the ridge height is 30-40cm, the width is 40-50cm, the planting density is 50X40cm, the bottom is provided with a protein organic fertilizer and a little phosphate fertilizer, the soil quality is loose, and the planting time is 4 months per year;
B. secondly, digging out the chrysanthemum seedlings with soil from the seedling raising bed, wherein the soil needs to wrap main roots of the chrysanthemum, digging a pit on a mulching film by using a small hoe, planting the chrysanthemum plants with the soil into the pit, and then covering the pit with soil;
C. finally, after transplanting and fixing, spraying root fixing water, and then, according to the situation, spraying proper amount of root fixing water at proper time, wherein the chrysanthemum grows in a vigorous season in summer, the water demand is increased, watering is generally carried out once a day, and water is watered once in the morning and at night in high-temperature sunny days; if water is deficient, the leaves can turn yellow and even fall off; if heavy rain or rain fall occurs, whether drainage facilities are smooth or not needs to be checked in time to prevent root rot;
and step 3: insect prevention and disease prevention, arranging an insect trap lamp in a plantation, placing one insect trap lamp every 1-3 mu, placing an insect sticking plate on a ridge, and spraying 500 times of liquid containing azadirachtin, 0.03 percent of matrine, 65 percent of zineb wettable powder and 65 percent of bordeaux liquid every 3-5 days from 20-40 days before the chrysanthemum plant reaches the initial flower state;
and 4, step 4: fertilizing after planting, turning green after planting and starting fertilizing, applying frequently and thinly, applying nitrogen fertilizer mainly for the first time, applying cake fertilizer and human excrement mainly for the second time or applying full-effect protein fertilizer, preferably applying full-effect protein fertilizer, applying 5-6 times per year, simultaneously increasing leaf surface spraying, using protein and humic acid by leaf surface spraying, and spraying according to the proportion of 13m1 of protein, 28m1 of humic acid and 22kg of water; the root fertilizer is formed by combining an organic fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer accounts for 80-85% of the annual fertilizing amount;
and 5: trimming and picking, trimming chrysanthemum plants according to the standard that one lateral branch retains 2-4 flower branches and one flower branch retains 1-3 chrysanthemums, ensuring that the whole appearance of the chrysanthemums has no falling feeling, and picking when buds are half-opened and not opened.
Preferably, in step 2, the fertilizer applied comprises the following raw materials by weight: 3-5 parts of mugwort pulp, 1-4 parts of hydroxyl tetrahydropyrimidine, 1-3 parts of iron diammine fulvate, 3-4 parts of camellia oil residue, 0.5-0.6 part of yeast powder, 5-16 parts of vinasse powder, 10-25 parts of diatomite, 2-5 parts of biogas residue, 0.35-0.45 part of azotobacter chroococcum powder, 9-12 parts of rape oil cake, 18-25 parts of quail manure, 8-10 parts of earthworm manure, 2-6 parts of urea, 4-8 parts of plant ash, 9.5-10 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 0.08-0.14 part of sodium nitrophenolate and 0.1-0.12 part of micromolecule fulvic acid.
Preferably, in the step 2, after transplanting, spraying the plants by using fog liquid from the 5 th day of transplanting to the initial flower state, wherein the spraying amount is 160 kg/mu once every 5 days; wherein 1L of spray liquid contains 8g of earthworm enzymolysis product extract, 15g of pyroligneous liquor, 5g of ophiopogonpolysaccharide, 2g of fucosan sulfate and 2g of witch hazel extract.
Preferably, in step 5, after the flowers grow normally, in order to combat pests, the flowers need to be nursed, and the specific countermeasures for different conditions are as follows:
firstly, the leaves of the flowers are wiped with a cloth, moistened with a soap solution, and moreover, the grey flowers on the affected chrysanthemum stalks and leaves are the appearance of powdery mildew, which usually occurs due to an increase in humidity, these plants should be sprayed with a fungicide and placed in a dry place;
secondly, if brown spots appear on the leaves, in which case the flowers are treated with the previous method, placed in the sun and well ventilated, if the plant is subjected to the weather, it is covered with brown spots with a yellow border. Flowers were treated as soon as possible and watering was reduced;
preferably, in step 2, in the transplanting process, when the seedling grows into two new leaves and is completely unfolded, the chrysanthemum seedling is dug out with soil from the seedling bed, the soil is required to wrap the main root system of the chrysanthemum, the chrysanthemum seedling is wrapped by the degradable cultivation box, the sponge body soaked with the moisture-preserving nutrient is filled in the cultivation box, and after the chrysanthemum seedling reaches the plantation field, the chrysanthemum plant with soil is planted in the pit.
The chrysanthemum planting method suitable for large-area planting provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, the soil is pretreated, a large amount of organic fertilizer is added, and the soil is treated before the chrysanthemum is transplanted, so that the soil is rich in organic nutrients, and the growth of chrysanthemum seedlings is facilitated; after the chrysanthemum is transplanted, the probability of chrysanthemum infection can be reduced through insect prevention and disease prevention nursing and other nursing, and the survival rate and the quality of the chrysanthemum are greatly improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
Example 1:
a chrysanthemum planting method suitable for large-area planting comprises the following steps;
step 1: soil preparation, namely selecting cultivated land which is not planted with chrysanthemum in nearly two years, deeply turning, uniformly spreading 120kg of quicklime for each mu, finely preparing the land 10-15 days before transplanting, and then applying 800 kg of quicklime for each mu, wherein the applied fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of mugwort pulp, 1-4 parts of hydroxyl tetrahydropyrimidine, 1-3 parts of iron diammine fulvate, 3-4 parts of camellia oil residue, 0.5-0.6 part of yeast powder, 5-16 parts of vinasse powder, 10-25 parts of diatomite, 2-5 parts of biogas residue, 0.35-0.45 part of azotobacter chroococcum powder, 9-12 parts of rape oil cake, 18-25 parts of quail manure, 8-10 parts of earthworm manure, 2-6 parts of urea, 4-8 parts of plant ash, 9.5-10 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 0.08-0.14 part of sodium nitrophenolate and 0.1-0.12 part of micromolecule fulvic acid;
step 2: transplanting seedlings, which comprises the following specific implementation steps:
A. firstly, opening ridges in a plantation, wherein the ridge height is 30-40cm, the width is 40-50cm, the planting density is 50X40cm, the bottom is provided with a protein organic fertilizer and a little phosphate fertilizer, the soil quality is loose, and the planting time is 4 months per year;
B. secondly, digging out the chrysanthemum seedlings with soil from the seedling raising bed, wherein the soil needs to wrap main roots of the chrysanthemum, digging a pit on a mulching film by using a small hoe, planting the chrysanthemum plants with the soil into the pit, and then covering the pit with soil;
C. finally, after transplanting and fixing, spraying root fixing water, and then, according to the situation, spraying proper amount of root fixing water at proper time, wherein the chrysanthemum grows in a vigorous season in summer, the water demand is increased, watering is generally carried out once a day, and water is watered once in the morning and at night in high-temperature sunny days; if water is deficient, the leaves can turn yellow and even fall off; if heavy rain or rain fall occurs, whether drainage facilities are smooth or not needs to be checked in time to prevent root rot;
and step 3: insect prevention and disease prevention, arranging an insect trap lamp in a plantation, placing one insect trap lamp every 1-3 mu, placing an insect sticking plate on a ridge, and spraying 500 times of liquid containing azadirachtin, 0.03 percent of matrine, 65 percent of zineb wettable powder and 65 percent of bordeaux liquid every 3-5 days from 20-40 days before the chrysanthemum plant reaches the initial flower state;
and 4, step 4: fertilizing after planting, turning green after planting and starting fertilizing, applying frequently and thinly, applying nitrogen fertilizer mainly for the first time, applying cake fertilizer and human excrement mainly for the second time or applying full-effect protein fertilizer, preferably applying full-effect protein fertilizer, applying 5-6 times per year, simultaneously increasing leaf surface spraying, using protein and humic acid by leaf surface spraying, and spraying according to the proportion of 13m1 of protein, 28m1 of humic acid and 22kg of water; the root fertilizer is formed by combining an organic fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer accounts for 80-85% of the annual fertilizing amount;
and 5: trimming and picking, trimming chrysanthemum plants according to the standard that one lateral branch retains 2-4 flower branches and one flower branch retains 1-3 chrysanthemums, ensuring that the whole appearance of the chrysanthemums has no falling feeling, and picking when buds are half-opened and not opened.
According to the method, the soil is pretreated, a large amount of organic fertilizer is added, and the soil is treated before the chrysanthemum is transplanted, so that the soil is rich in organic nutrients, and the growth of chrysanthemum seedlings is facilitated; after the chrysanthemum is transplanted, the probability of chrysanthemum infection can be reduced through insect prevention and disease prevention nursing and other nursing, and the survival rate and the quality of the chrysanthemum are greatly improved.
Example 2:
as another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the difference from embodiment 1 is that in step 2, after transplanting, spraying treatment is performed on the plants with a mist solution from the 5 th day of transplanting to the initial flowering state, the spraying amount is 160 kg/mu once every 5 days; wherein 1L of spray liquid contains 8g of earthworm enzymolysis product extract, 15g of pyroligneous liquor, 5g of ophiopogonpolysaccharide, 2g of fucosan sulfate and 2g of witch hazel extract;
in the transplanting process, when the seedling grows out two new leaves and is completely unfolded, the chrysanthemum seedling is dug out with soil from the seedling bed, the soil is required to wrap the main root system of the chrysanthemum, the chrysanthemum seedling is wrapped by the degradable cultivation box, the sponge body which is filled with the soaking and moisturizing nutrient is filled in the cultivation box, and after the chrysanthemum seedling with soil reaches the planting field, the chrysanthemum plant with soil is planted in the pit.
The seedlings are treated in the transplanting process, so that the chrysanthemum seedlings can grow new leaves, and the photosynthesis of the chrysanthemum seedlings after transplanting is facilitated, so that the chrysanthemum seedlings can grow rapidly.
Example 3:
as another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the difference from embodiment 1 or embodiment 2 is that in step 5, after the flowers grow normally, the flowers need to be nursed for pest resistance, and the specific countermeasures for different situations are as follows:
firstly, the leaves of the flowers are wiped with a cloth, moistened with a soap solution, and moreover, the grey flowers on the affected chrysanthemum stalks and leaves are the appearance of powdery mildew, which usually occurs due to an increase in humidity, these plants should be sprayed with a fungicide and placed in a dry place;
secondly, if brown spots appear on the leaves, in which case the flowers are treated with the previous method, placed in the sun and well ventilated, if the plant is subjected to the weather, it is covered with brown spots with a yellow border. Flowers were treated as quickly as possible and watering was reduced.
Through carrying out the processing of different modes to the chrysanthemum that infects the disease, can improve the survival rate of chrysanthemum that infects the disease like this, reduce the probability that other normal chrysanthemum seedling infect simultaneously.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A chrysanthemum planting method suitable for large-area planting is characterized by comprising the following steps;
step 1: soil preparation, namely selecting cultivated land which is not planted with chrysanthemum in nearly two years, deeply turning, uniformly spreading 120kg of quicklime for each mu, finely preparing the land 10-15 days before transplanting, and then fertilizing 800-;
step 2: transplanting seedlings, which comprises the following specific implementation steps:
A. firstly, opening ridges in a plantation, wherein the ridge height is 30-40cm, the width is 40-50cm, the planting density is 50X40cm, the bottom is provided with a protein organic fertilizer and a little phosphate fertilizer, the soil quality is loose, and the planting time is 4 months per year;
B. secondly, digging out the chrysanthemum seedlings with soil from the seedling raising bed, wherein the soil needs to wrap main roots of the chrysanthemum, digging a pit on a mulching film by using a small hoe, planting the chrysanthemum plants with the soil into the pit, and then covering the pit with soil;
C. finally, after transplanting and fixing, spraying root fixing water, and then, according to the situation, spraying proper amount of root fixing water at proper time, wherein the chrysanthemum grows in a vigorous season in summer, the water demand is increased, watering is generally carried out once a day, and water is watered once in the morning and at night in high-temperature sunny days; if water is deficient, the leaves can turn yellow and even fall off; if heavy rain or rain fall occurs, whether drainage facilities are smooth or not needs to be checked in time to prevent root rot;
and step 3: insect prevention and disease prevention, arranging an insect trap lamp in a plantation, placing one insect trap lamp every 1-3 mu, placing an insect sticking plate on a ridge, and spraying 500 times of liquid containing azadirachtin, 0.03 percent of matrine, 65 percent of zineb wettable powder and 65 percent of bordeaux liquid every 3-5 days from 20-40 days before the chrysanthemum plant reaches the initial flower state;
and 4, step 4: fertilizing after planting, turning green after planting and starting fertilizing, applying frequently and thinly, applying nitrogen fertilizer mainly for the first time, applying cake fertilizer and human excrement mainly for the second time or applying full-effect protein fertilizer, preferably applying full-effect protein fertilizer, applying 5-6 times per year, simultaneously increasing leaf surface spraying, using protein and humic acid by leaf surface spraying, and spraying according to the proportion of 13m1 of protein, 28m1 of humic acid and 22kg of water; the root fertilizer is formed by combining an organic fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer accounts for 80-85% of the annual fertilizing amount;
and 5: trimming and picking, trimming chrysanthemum plants according to the standard that one lateral branch retains 2-4 flower branches and one flower branch retains 1-3 chrysanthemums, ensuring that the whole appearance of the chrysanthemums has no falling feeling, and picking when buds are half-opened and not opened.
2. The chrysanthemum planting method suitable for large-area planting according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the fertilizer applied comprises the following raw materials by weight: 3-5 parts of mugwort pulp, 1-4 parts of hydroxyl tetrahydropyrimidine, 1-3 parts of iron diammine fulvate, 3-4 parts of camellia oil residue, 0.5-0.6 part of yeast powder, 5-16 parts of vinasse powder, 10-25 parts of diatomite, 2-5 parts of biogas residue, 0.35-0.45 part of azotobacter chroococcum powder, 9-12 parts of rape oil cake, 18-25 parts of quail manure, 8-10 parts of earthworm manure, 2-6 parts of urea, 4-8 parts of plant ash, 9.5-10 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 0.08-0.14 part of sodium nitrophenolate and 0.1-0.12 part of micromolecule fulvic acid.
3. The chrysanthemum planting method suitable for large-area planting as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2, after transplanting, spraying the plants with mist liquid once every 5 days from the 5 th day of transplanting to the initial state of flowers, the spraying amount is 160 kg/mu; wherein 1L of spray liquid contains 8g of earthworm enzymolysis product extract, 15g of pyroligneous liquor, 5g of ophiopogonpolysaccharide, 2g of fucosan sulfate and 2g of witch hazel extract.
4. The chrysanthemum planting method suitable for large-area planting according to claim 1, wherein in step 5, after the flowers grow normally, the flowers need to be nursed for pest control, and the specific countermeasures for different conditions are as follows:
firstly, the leaves of the flowers are wiped with a cloth, moistened with a soap solution, and moreover, the grey flowers on the affected chrysanthemum stalks and leaves are the appearance of powdery mildew, which usually occurs due to an increase in humidity, these plants should be sprayed with a fungicide and placed in a dry place;
secondly, if brown spots appear on the leaves, in which case the flowers are treated with the previous method, placed in the sun and well ventilated, if the plant is subjected to the weather, it is covered with brown spots with a yellow border. Flowers were treated as quickly as possible and watering was reduced.
5. The chrysanthemum planting method suitable for large-area planting according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, when the seedlings grow into two new leaves and are completely unfolded, the chrysanthemum seedlings are dug out from the seedling bed with soil, the seedling with soil is wrapped around the main roots of the chrysanthemum and then wrapped by a degradable cultivation box, the cultivation box is filled with a sponge body soaked with a moisture-preserving nutrient, and after the chrysanthemum seedlings reach a planting garden, the chrysanthemum plants with soil are planted in the pits.
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