CN107162673A - A kind of cultivation matrix of quickly breeding Banana Seedlings - Google Patents
A kind of cultivation matrix of quickly breeding Banana Seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN107162673A CN107162673A CN201710280177.5A CN201710280177A CN107162673A CN 107162673 A CN107162673 A CN 107162673A CN 201710280177 A CN201710280177 A CN 201710280177A CN 107162673 A CN107162673 A CN 107162673A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation matrix, and in particular to a kind of cultivation matrix of quickly breeding Banana Seedlings, belongs to heeling in technology field.The cultivation matrix is mainly made up of pleurotus eryngii fermentation material, laterite and river sand, and wherein the volume ratio of pleurotus eryngii fermentation material, laterite and river sand three is 6 10:0.5‑2:1.Wherein, pleurotus eryngii fermentation material is that pleurotus eryngii leftover bits and pieces is obtained by the processing of following method：Pleurotus eryngii leftover bits and pieces is taken out from the cultivating bag of pleurotus eryngii, smash into particle and the damping that adds water that particle diameter is 0.12 0.30cm to pieces, addition active microbial inoculum in fermentation tank is placed in again to be fermented, dried after the completion of fermentation to water content 15 20%, finally smash into the particle that particle diameter is 0.24 0.42cm, i.e. pleurotus eryngii fermentation material to pieces.The cultivation matrix of the present invention takes full advantage of the leftover bits and pieces of pleurotus eryngii, had both solved the processing hidden danger of pleurotus eryngii leftover bits and pieces, and can be used to cultivate Banana Seedlings again, reach the purpose turned waste into wealth.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation matrix, and in particular to a kind of cultivation matrix of quickly breeding Banana Seedlings, belongs to
Heeling in technology field.
Background technology
Banana is a kind of important industrial crops in subtropical zone, the hm of cultivated area about 300,0002, the tissue culture seedlings of bananas needed every year
Up to 200,000,000 plants.Tissue culture seedlings of bananas is before applied to field production, it is necessary to by heeling in earlier mating, referred to as cultivate two grades of seedlings or
Seedling cultivation is cultivated or heeled in two grades of seedlings, and the Cultivating techniques of the nursery of two grades of seedlings are most important, particularly in current banana Panama
In the case of the wreaking havoc and spread unchecked of droop, it is original that banana Panama disease spreads unchecked to have found out that Banana Seedlings Cultivating techniques fell behind already
Therefore one, therefore how to cultivate the disease-free Banana Seedlings of health and increasingly paid close attention to by various circles of society.
Traditionally, banana peasant and the so-called seedling specialist that heels in heel in process in tissue culture seedlings of bananas, seek during from matrix
Cheaply, matrix is substantially using a large amount of pond sludge, river bank alluvial soil, the sandy loam gathered nearby, the table soil of deserted mountain barren hill, paddy rice
The soil such as soil or corn ground surface soil, then adds part farm manure, and composite fertilizer etc. is mixed with into so-called Nutrition Soil.This
The Nutrition Soil that sample is prepared easily brings many problems：First, the soil gathered nearby carries pathogen and nematode (Panama unavoidably
Germ is soil-borne fungus), and the processing that do not carried out disinfection to soil and matrix generally, therefore this matrix is not only uneasy
Entirely, and often lead to two grades of seedlings cultivating process turn into banana Panama disease infect and propagate process；Secondly, this nutrition
Native nutrient formula is unreasonable, matrix component proportion is unreasonable, shows that npk nutrient ratio is unsuitable for banana seedlings growth, no
Just to be a lack of more than nitrogen, matrix be not it is viscous be exactly sand again, permeability is very poor or not retain water and nutrients, and liquid manure gas heat is uncoordinated, into
Motility rate is low, and averagely only 70% or so.And tissue culture seedlings of bananas heel in during need continuous water supply fertilizer, routinely manage, from
Need to pour nutrient solution 20-25 times in transplanting tissue-cultured seedling to the time for emerging period common 45d-70d.And the concentration of nutrient solution is in difference
Seedling age has different requirements again, by regulation, is grown in cup seedling in first 15 days, the concentration of fertilizer is not to be exceeded 0.2%, and every time
After fertilising, blade face is sprayed with burn-out-proof leaf using clear water.It can be seen that, water soluble fertilizer is during banana seedlings are heeled in and non-optimal supports
Divide source.3rd, two grades of seedlings based on soil go out the problem of bringing two again substantially when garden is transplanted, and one is every bag of seedling plus matrix
Weight up to 1 kilogram or so, such transplanting process is accomplished by substantial amounts of labour and strong labour, this point with it is current
Surplus rural labor force's deficiency does not claim extremely, needs banana seedlings both healthy in production practices, and cup seedling is again light and handy；Secondly, soil base
After matter seedling does not cause what root system was damaged in the de- bag process of transplanting, therefore banana is transplanted, crop field slow seedling is general according to transplanting time
15-30 days are needed, this has just significantly postponed the Time To Market of banana, reduces the economic benefit of banana.
The content of the invention
The present invention is high there is provided a kind of utilization rate for the defect of prior art, can improve being used for quickly for leaf nutrient
Cultivate the cultivation matrix of Banana Seedlings.
The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：A kind of cultivation base of quickly breeding Banana Seedlings
Matter, is mainly made up of pleurotus eryngii fermentation material, laterite and river sand, wherein the body of pleurotus eryngii fermentation material, laterite and river sand three
Product is than being 6-10:0.5-2:1.
Pleurotus eryngii fermentation material content of organic matter height, good permeability, preferable moisture content, the fine buffering to nutriment are made
With；Laterite viscosity is high, have preferable shaping to act on to culture matrix, and compost is scattered during so as not to going bag to plant, and influence is colonized into
Motility rate；River sand has good water penetration, in case to cause to heel in shoot survival percent low for ponding, by three by upper in cultivation matrix of the present invention
State after ratio mixing, definite value survival rate can be significantly improved.
In the cultivation matrix that above-mentioned quickly breeding banana plants seedlings, described pleurotus eryngii fermentation material passes through for pleurotus eryngii leftover bits and pieces
Following method processing is crossed to obtain：Pleurotus eryngii leftover bits and pieces is taken out from the cultivating bag of pleurotus eryngii, particle diameter is smashed into pieces for 0.12-
0.30cm particle and the damping that adds water, then be placed in fermentation tank and add active microbial inoculum and fermented, dried after the completion of fermentation to containing
Water 15-20%, finally smashs into the particle that particle diameter is 0.24-0.42cm, as pleurotus eryngii fermentation material to pieces.
Particle after smashing to pieces essence of first fermenting is that organic matter in compost carries out complexity under microbial action by the present invention
Conversion, this conversion can be summarized as two processes：One be organic matter mineralization process, i.e., complicated organic matter decomposition
As simple material, carbon dioxide, water and mineral nutrient etc. are ultimately produced；Another is the humification process of organic matter, i.e.,
Organic matter is synthesized again through decomposing, and generates more complicated special organic matter-humus.
Preferably, the water content after the damping that adds water and in fermentation is 50-55%.Microorganism only absorbs dissolubility and supported
Material, so moisture content is the key factor of aerobic compost.Material can produce heat during the fermentation, and material initial moisture content is
During 50-55%, fermentation quantity of heat production is in notable positive correlation with material initial moisture content.During a height of 50-55% of moisture content, moisture content is low
30%, decomposition rate is slow, and when moisture is less than 12%, microorganism stops breeding.Moisture content is higher than 65%, and water can be full of between particle
Space, reduces air content, and compost forms smelly intermediate product by aerobic steering anaerobism, sharp temperature drop.
Preferably, the temperature of the fermentation is 50-65 DEG C, fermentation time is 6-7 days, and fermentation pH value is 5.5-7.5.
The temperature of fermentation is 50-65 DEG C, it is ensured that higher organic matter degradation efficiency, and parasitic ovum and disease can have been killed again
Opportunistic pathogen.Suitable pH value can make microorganism effectively play a role, and too high or too low pH value all produces influence to composting efficiency.
Further, during the fermentation, pleurotus eryngii leftover bits and pieces is carried out when material temperature rises to 60-65 DEG C turning over for the first time
Heap, keeps 20-30h at this temperature；After temperature drop to second of turning is carried out after 50-55 DEG C, 40- is kept at this temperature
60h.Turning is carried out at different temperature, using stirring for windrow, in the gap for admitting air into solid particle.
Further, described pleurotus eryngii leftover bits and pieces is remaining compost after Xinbao mushroom culturing.
Further, the composition of described compost is：Wood chip 10-20%, bagasse 18-25%, corncob 15-
25%, wheat bran skin 15-25%, corn flour 5-15%, soya-bean cake 5-15%, calcium carbonate 0.5-3%, lime 0.5-3%, surplus is
Water, the pH value after compost sterilizing is 6.0-6.8.
The addition of active microbial inoculum accounts for the 0.05-0.20% of gross mass in fermentation tank.
It is exactly conversion that organic matter in compost carries out complexity under microbial action that fermentation is main, and active microbial inoculum, which is added, to be added
The speed of speed fermentation.It is uneconomical if amount is big, but ferment effect, the speed of the few influence fermentation of amount can be accelerated.
Active microbial inoculum is the main compound bacteria being made up of photosynthetic bacteria, actinomyces, saccharomycete, lactic acid bacteria multiple-microorganism
Group.
Every milliliter of bacterium stoste in active microbial inoculum is not less than 10,000,000,000 containing effective bacterium number amount.
River sand is first soaked using preceding with liquor potassic permanganate.Liquor potassic permanganate immersion 15 of the river sand through concentration about 0.01%
Minute, bacterium can be sterilized and acted on.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a kind of side using above-mentioned cultivation matrix quickly breeding Banana Seedlings
Method.Sand culture is needed not move through using Banana Seedlings after cultivation matrix of the present invention, packed Banana Seedlings are washed off root with clear water
Culture medium, be directly transplanted in cultivation matrix of the present invention.
Pre-treatment：By pleurotus eryngii fermentation material, laterite and river sand 6-10 by volume:0.5-2:1 mixes, and covers plastics thin
Film 3-5 days, goes after film to mix again, using 12cm*12cm nutrition cup, fills 85-95% compost soil, must mix soil；It is wide
For 6 meters or so plastic sheeting sheds, it is divided into three furrow, wide equal 1.2 meters -1.5 meters per furrow, passage stays 0.5cm, 15- is put per furrow are wide
20 nutrition cups；
Water management：Banana Seedlings are transplanted in mixing soil in 10d, and direct sunlight is avoided with sunshade net, and in seedling furrow
Wide 1.2 meters -1.5 meters of the plastic sheeting Small plastic shed for arching upward semi-circular, air humidity is maintained at more than 90%, waits and determine after root, removes
Fall Small plastic shed, the water content of substrate of culture cup is controlled in 70-85% afterwards；
Fertilizing management：Spray 0.2 potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time within the 5th day after transplanting；Sprayed again 1 time every 5d later；Transplant the 15th
My god, sprayed 1 time with the amino acid foliage fertilizer of+0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.2% urea+0.1%.
With it is of the prior art be used for cultivate the cultivation matrix of Banana Seedlings compared with, cultivation matrix of the invention is fully sharp
With the leftover bits and pieces of pleurotus eryngii, the processing hidden danger of pleurotus eryngii leftover bits and pieces had both been solved, can be used to cultivate Banana Seedlings again, reach
The purpose turned waste into wealth.Sand culture is not only needed not move through using Banana Seedlings after cultivation matrix of the present invention, can also heel in banana
Seedling growth cycle shortens to 5-40d, and well-grown, when the height of Banana Seedlings is 25-35 centimetres, is cultivated than rice soil
High, the false footpath in banana vacation footpath is thick, new leaf width, the number of blade distinguish many 20-70%, 25-62%, 22-80%, 10-45%.
Embodiment
The following is the specific embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme is further described, but the present invention is simultaneously
It is not limited to these embodiments.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cultivation matrix, is mainly made up of pleurotus eryngii fermentation material, laterite and river sand, wherein pleurotus eryngii fermentation material, brick
The volume ratio of red soil and river sand three are 8:1.5:1.
Pleurotus eryngii leftover bits and pieces is taken out from the cultivating bag of pleurotus eryngii, smash to pieces into particle diameter be 0.12-0.30cm particle simultaneously
Add water damping, and the water content after the damping that adds water and in fermentation is 50-55%, then be placed in add in fermentation tank and account for gross mass
0.12% active microbial inoculum photosynthetic bacteria is at 58 DEG C, and 5.8 times fermentations of pH value 6.5 days are dried after the completion of fermentation to water content 15%
It is interior, finally smash into the particle that particle diameter is 0.24-0.42cm, as pleurotus eryngii fermentation material to pieces.During the fermentation, treat that material temperature rises to
Pleurotus eryngii leftover bits and pieces is subjected to first time turning at 62 DEG C, 25h is kept at this temperature；After temperature drop to carrying out after 54 DEG C
Secondary turning, keeps 55h at this temperature.
Wherein, pleurotus eryngii leftover bits and pieces is remaining compost after Xinbao mushroom culturing, and the composition of compost is：Wood chip 15%,
Bagasse 20%, corncob 22%, wheat bran skin 20%, corn flour 12%, soya-bean cake 10%, calcium carbonate 1.8%, lime 2.2% is remaining
Measure as water, the pH value after compost sterilizing is 6.6.
Embodiment 2
A kind of cultivation matrix, is mainly made up of pleurotus eryngii fermentation material, laterite and river sand, wherein pleurotus eryngii fermentation material, brick
The volume ratio of red soil and river sand three are 9:1:1.
Pleurotus eryngii leftover bits and pieces is taken out from the cultivating bag of pleurotus eryngii, smash to pieces into particle diameter be 0.12-0.30cm particle simultaneously
Add water damping, and the water content after the damping that adds water and in fermentation is 50-55%, then be placed in add in fermentation tank and account for gross mass
0.15% active microbial inoculum lactic acid bacteria is at 62 DEG C, and 6.2 times fermentations of pH value 6.5 days are dried after the completion of fermentation to water content 16%,
Finally smash into the particle that particle diameter is 0.24-0.42cm, as pleurotus eryngii fermentation material to pieces.During the fermentation, treat that material temperature rises to 64
DEG C when by pleurotus eryngii leftover bits and pieces carry out first time turning, 22h is kept at this temperature；After temperature drop to carrying out second after 54 DEG C
Secondary turning, keeps 45h at this temperature.
Wherein, pleurotus eryngii leftover bits and pieces is remaining compost after Xinbao mushroom culturing, and the composition of compost is：Wood chip 12%,
Bagasse 22%, corncob 18%, wheat bran skin 22%, corn flour 10%, soya-bean cake 8%, calcium carbonate 2.5%, lime 1.5% is remaining
Measure as water, the pH value after compost sterilizing is 6.7.
Embodiment 3
A kind of cultivation matrix, is mainly made up of pleurotus eryngii fermentation material, laterite and river sand, wherein pleurotus eryngii fermentation material, brick
The volume ratio of red soil and river sand three are 6:0.5:1.
Pleurotus eryngii leftover bits and pieces is taken out from the cultivating bag of pleurotus eryngii, smash to pieces into particle diameter be 0.12-0.30cm particle simultaneously
Add water damping, and the water content after the damping that adds water and in fermentation is 50-55%, then be placed in add in fermentation tank and account for gross mass
0.05% active microbial inoculum saccharomycete is at 50 DEG C, and 5.5 times fermentations of pH value 7 days are dried to water content 18%, most after the completion of fermentation
Smash into the particle that particle diameter is 0.24-0.42cm, as pleurotus eryngii fermentation material to pieces afterwards.During the fermentation, treat that material temperature rises to 65 DEG C
When by pleurotus eryngii leftover bits and pieces carry out first time turning, 20h is kept at this temperature；After temperature drop to second of progress after 55 DEG C
Turning, keeps 40h at this temperature.
Wherein, pleurotus eryngii leftover bits and pieces is remaining compost after Xinbao mushroom culturing, and the composition of compost is：Wood chip 10%,
Bagasse 25%, corncob 15%, wheat bran skin 25%, corn flour 5%, soya-bean cake 15%, calcium carbonate 0.5%, lime 3%, surplus
For water, the pH value after compost sterilizing is 6.4.
Embodiment 4
A kind of cultivation matrix, is mainly made up of pleurotus eryngii fermentation material, laterite and river sand, wherein pleurotus eryngii fermentation material, brick
The volume ratio of red soil and river sand three are 10:2:1.
Pleurotus eryngii leftover bits and pieces is taken out from the cultivating bag of pleurotus eryngii, smash to pieces into particle diameter be 0.12-0.30cm particle simultaneously
Add water damping, and the water content after the damping that adds water and in fermentation is 50-55%, then be placed in add in fermentation tank and account for gross mass
0.2% active microbial inoculum actinomyces are at 65 DEG C, and 6.5 times fermentations of pH value 6 days are dried to water content 20%, most after the completion of fermentation
Smash into the particle that particle diameter is 0.24-0.42cm, as pleurotus eryngii fermentation material to pieces afterwards.During the fermentation, treat that material temperature rises to 60 DEG C
When by pleurotus eryngii leftover bits and pieces carry out first time turning, 30h is kept at this temperature；After temperature drop to second of progress after 50 DEG C
Turning, keeps 60h at this temperature.
Wherein, pleurotus eryngii leftover bits and pieces is remaining compost after Xinbao mushroom culturing, and the composition of compost is：Wood chip 20%,
Bagasse 18%, corncob 25%, wheat bran skin 15%, corn flour 15%, soya-bean cake 5%, calcium carbonate 3%, lime 0.5%, surplus
For water, the pH value after compost sterilizing is 6.8.
Application Example 5-8：Utilize the method for the cultivation matrix quickly breeding Banana Seedlings in above-described embodiment 1-4.
Pre-treatment：The cultivation matrix in embodiment 1-4 is mixed respectively, plastic sheeting is covered 3-5 days, goes after film to mix again
It is even, using 12cm*12cm nutrition cup, 85-95% compost soil is filled, soil must be mixed；A width of 6 meters or so plastic sheeting arches
Canopy, is divided into three furrow, and wide equal 1.2 meters -1.5 meters per furrow, passage stays 0.5cm, and 15-20 nutrition cup is put per furrow are wide；
Water management：Banana Seedlings are transplanted in mixing soil in 10d, and direct sunlight is avoided with sunshade net, and in seedling furrow
Wide 1.2 meters -1.5 meters of the plastic sheeting Small plastic shed for arching upward semi-circular, air humidity is maintained at more than 90%, waits and determine after root, removes
Fall Small plastic shed, the water content of substrate of culture cup is controlled in 70-85% afterwards；
Fertilizing management：Spray 0.2 potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time within the 5th day after transplanting；Sprayed again 1 time every 5d later；Transplant the 15th
My god, sprayed 1 time with the amino acid foliage fertilizer of+0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.2% urea+0.1%.
Comparative example 1
Banana Seedlings are cultivated with rice soil.
The rubber cultivated in embodiment 5-8 and comparative example 1 is heeled in into seedling to be compared, comparative result is as shown in table 1, wherein
Rubber heels in the false footpath height of seedling, the false increase that footpath is thick, new leaf width, the number of blade are on the basis of in comparative example 1 in embodiment 5-8
Amount
Table 1：The rubber cultivated in embodiment 5-8 and comparative example 1 heels in seedling
In summary, cultivation matrix of the invention takes full advantage of the leftover bits and pieces of pleurotus eryngii, that is, solves pleurotus eryngii leftover bits and pieces
The processing hidden danger of material, can be used to cultivate Banana Seedlings, reaches the purpose turned waste into wealth again.Using fragrant after cultivation matrix of the present invention
Any of several broadleaf plants heels in seedling and not only needs not move through sand culture, also shortens Banana Seedlings growth cycle, and well-grown.Tool described herein
Body embodiment is only to spirit explanation for example of the invention.Those skilled in the art can be to described
Specific embodiment make it is various modification supplement or using similar mode substitute, but without departing from the present invention spirit or
Surmount scope defined in appended claims.
It is skilled to this area although having been made a detailed description to the present invention and being cited some specific embodiments
For technical staff, as long as it is obvious that can make various changes or correct without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cultivation matrix of quickly breeding Banana Seedlings, it is characterised in that described cultivation matrix is main by pleurotus eryngii
Fermentation material, laterite and river sand composition, the wherein volume ratio of pleurotus eryngii fermentation material, laterite and river sand three are 6-10:0.5-
2:1。
2. the cultivation matrix of quickly breeding Banana Seedlings according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described pleurotus eryngii
Fermentation material is that pleurotus eryngii leftover bits and pieces is obtained by the processing of following method：Pleurotus eryngii leftover bits and pieces is taken from the cultivating bag of pleurotus eryngii
Go out, smash into particle and the damping that adds water that particle diameter is 0.12-0.30cm to pieces, then be placed in addition active microbial inoculum in fermentation tank and sent out
Dried after the completion of ferment, fermentation to water content 15-20%, finally smash into the particle that particle diameter is 0.24-0.42cm, as pleurotus eryngii to pieces
Fermentation material.
3. the cultivation matrix of quickly breeding Banana Seedlings according to claim 2, it is characterised in that after the damping that adds water with
And the water content in fermentation is 50-55%.
4. the cultivation matrix of quickly breeding Banana Seedlings according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the temperature of the fermentation
Spend for 50-65 DEG C, fermentation time is 6-7 days, fermentation pH value is 5.5-6.5.
5. the cultivation matrix of quickly breeding Banana Seedlings according to claim 2, it is characterised in that in fermentation process
In, pleurotus eryngii leftover bits and pieces is subjected to first time turning when material temperature rises to 60-65 DEG C, 20-30h is kept at this temperature；Treat temperature
Degree, which drops to, carries out second of turning after 50-55 DEG C, 40-60h is kept at this temperature.
6. the cultivation matrix of quickly breeding Banana Seedlings according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described pleurotus eryngii
Leftover bits and pieces is remaining compost after Xinbao mushroom culturing.
7. the cultivation matrix of quickly breeding Banana Seedlings according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described compost
Composition be：Wood chip 10-20%, bagasse 18-25%, corncob 15-25%, wheat bran skin 15-25%, corn flour 5-15%,
Soya-bean cake 5-15%, calcium carbonate 0.5-3%, lime 0.5-3%, surplus are water, and the pH value after compost sterilizing is 6.0-6.8.
8. the cultivation matrix of quickly breeding Banana Seedlings according to claim 2, it is characterised in that active in fermentation tank
The addition of microbial inoculum accounts for the 0.05-0.20% of gross mass.
9. the cultivation matrix of quickly breeding Banana Seedlings according to claim 2, it is characterised in that based on active microbial inoculum
The composite flora to be made up of photosynthetic bacteria, actinomyces, saccharomycete, lactic acid bacteria multiple-microorganism.
10. a kind of method of quickly breeding Banana Seedlings, it is characterised in that trained with cultivation matrix as claimed in claim 1
Educate Banana Seedlings.
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