CN105580719B - A kind of soilless culture method improving cherry and tomato nutritional quality - Google Patents
A kind of soilless culture method improving cherry and tomato nutritional quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN105580719B CN105580719B CN201510918062.5A CN201510918062A CN105580719B CN 105580719 B CN105580719 B CN 105580719B CN 201510918062 A CN201510918062 A CN 201510918062A CN 105580719 B CN105580719 B CN 105580719B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of soilless culture method for improving cherry and tomato nutritional quality, and in particular to fruits and vegetables field of planting, the cultural method include preparation matrix, field planting, built training and water and fertilizer management.Cultivation matrix is made using bagasse, ashes, cow dung, fermenting agent and river sand in the present invention, the physicochemical property is equivalent to high-quality soil, sufficient moisture and nutrient source can be provided for the growth of cherry and tomato, corresponding liquid manure scheme timely and appropriately is used in cherry and tomato different stages of growth simultaneously, effectively improves the nutritional quality of cherry and tomato.The present invention had not only avoided environmental pollution and the wasting of resources, but also can generate more economic benefits, ecological benefits, realized agricultural sustainable development.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to fruits and vegetables field of planting, and in particular to a kind of soilless cultivation side for improving cherry and tomato nutritional quality
Method.
[background technique]
Cherry and tomato is commonly called as very much, being called pocket tomato, tomato fruit, is a member in tomato large family.Cherry and tomato
Not only appearance is exquisite lovely, also very high containing pol, about 7~8 degree, fragrant and sweet delicious, unique flavor.In addition to this, cherry
Containing particular matters such as glutathione and lycopenes in tomato, the growth and development of human body can promote, increase resistance of human body, prolong
The aging of slow people.In addition, lycopene can protect infringement of the human body not by carcinogenic toxins in cigarette and automobile exhaust gas, and can be improved
The sun-screening function of human body.The U.S., Germany scientist found that the lycopene in cherry and tomato product can not only be prevented in recent years
Cancer, anticancer, especially can anti-prostate cancer, but also prostate cancer can be treated.At the same time, the ascorbic acid of cherry tomato
(VC) substances such as content, niacin, tomato alkali, malic acid, citric acid, all have good health-care effect to human health, are a kind of
Extraordinary health-care nutritional food is especially suitable for people and pursues the naturally trend with health.
Many scholars and technical staff carry out in the technical field of cherry tomato cultivation and raising cherry and tomato quality
Numerous studies, and significant technological progress is also achieved, reach good technical effect.CN201010199774.3 is disclosed
A kind of method improving VC content in soilless culture cherry tomato fruit, the invention are colonized in matrix from tomato seedling until the
Before one inflorescence all opens, irrigated using conventional nutrient solution, when the first inflorescence is all spends whole openings, Xiang Chang
The potassium chloride that 2~5Kg/t concentration is added in nutrient solution is advised, continues to be perfused, this method can effectively meet tomato growth week
Interim potassium element demand significantly improves the VC content of tomato.CN201210264494.5 proposes a kind of increase tomato
The cultural method of the hardness of fruit applies the method for the high fertiliser containing magnesium of high calcium and foliage-spray ca and mg fertilizer to tomato using bottom application calcium silicate fertilizer, punching
It applies fertilizer, effectively increases the calcium content in tamato fruit tissue, increase the hardness of fruit, thus in the extending fruit shelf longevity
Good improvement is achieved on the technical issues of life, raising fruit commodity value.In addition, there are also other documents also to how
Improve tomato planting quality and be made that correlative study is reported, to tomato planting quality is improved the technical issues of on all have it is good
Impetus.However, these are in the prior art, not a kind of soilless culture method for improving cherry and tomato integrated quality,
And while adaptation to local conditions, agroecological sustainable development is realized.
[summary of the invention]
Goal of the invention of the invention is: in view of the above problems, providing a kind of raising cherry and tomato nutritional quality
Soilless culture method, the present invention overcomes the unfavorable external environment problem of soil moisture, nutrient etc. when cherry tomato cultivation,
It can be filled according to cherry and tomato growth cycle and apply corresponding nutrient, adapted to cultivation and the growth conditions of cherry and tomato, effectively improve cherry
The nutritional quality of peach tomato.Cultivation matrix raw material of the invention is the production byproduct of Guangxi sugar manufacturing industry, cheap, material
It is easy to get, effectively increases the comprehensive utilization value of saccharified residues.
To achieve the goals above, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
It is a kind of improve cherry and tomato nutritional quality soilless culture method, the soilless culture method the following steps are included:
1) prepare matrix: by bagasse, ashes, cow dung being by volume that 3:1:1 is carried out after being mixed into material heap, then to this
The fermenting agent of admixture material heap dry mass 0.03-0.05% in material heap, carries out pile fermentation after mixing, during stack retting
Ventilation is kept, stack retting obtained organic substrate after 2-3 months, and the volume ratio that organic substrate and river sand are pressed into the organic substrate is 5:
1 ratio is mixed into river sand, obtains composite cultivation substrate, which is moved into cultivation bed, with water by composite cultivation
Matrix irrigates；The fermenting agent is the lactobacillus plantarum and saccharomycete that mass ratio is 1:1；
2) be colonized: by the cherry and tomato seedling after vernalization, sowing, nursery in the step 1) composite cultivation substrate into
Row field planting, every furrow are colonized 2 rows, spacing in the rows 35-40cm；
3) built is pruned: as height of seedling 20cm, starts built and tie up climing, frame material bamboo pole, the high 1m of frame, and herringbone frame, infinitely
Growth type kind that is, in the entire growth course of plant, only stays 1 major branch, other all side shoots are all timely using single stalk training
It plucks, self sealing top type or intermediate form kind that is, in addition to staying major branch, then stay a side under the first inflorescence using double stalk trainings
Branch, remaining side shoot are all plucked；
4) water and fertilizer management: using automatic drip-irrigation, keeps the step 1) composite cultivation substrate in the cherry tomato cultivation phase
Between moisture content be 60-70%；It is colonized in composite cultivation substrate until the first inflorescence is all open from cherry and tomato seedling,
It is irrigated using conventional nutrient solution；Since the first inflorescence of cherry and tomato is all spend whole openings when, use high potassium nutrition liquid
It is irrigated；Cherry and tomato the first fringe fruit expanding period carries out foliage-spray with boron zinc molybdenum composite nutrient-fluid；Cherry and tomato second
Fringe fruit expanding period is irrigated using high contents of calcium and magnesium nutrient solution；Cherry and tomato third fringe fruit full-bloom stage, with Peng Xin molybdenum compound fertilizer
Nutrient solution carries out foliage-spray；Above-mentioned irrigation and after the foliage-spray phase, then use conventional nutrient solution instead and irrigated, until adopting
Receipts terminate.
As an improvement of the present invention, the bagasse is the fresh bagasse after the squeezing of sugar refinery, and the ashes are bagasse pot
Furnace ashes or coal-burning boiler ashes.
As another improvement of the invention, the stack retting is flooring compost, and the draft type of stack retting is turning, and
For water tariff collection in 40-50%, every turning in 15 days is primary during stack retting.
As another of the invention improvement, each ingredient of the conventional nutrient solution and mass concentration are as follows: calcium ammonium nitrate
0.04%, potassium nitrate 0.05%, monoammonium phosphate 0.01%, epsom salt 0.02%.
As another of the invention improvement, each ingredient of the high potassium nutrition liquid and mass concentration are as follows: calcium ammonium nitrate
0.04%, potassium nitrate 0.05%, potassium chloride 0.2-0.5%, monoammonium phosphate 0.01%, epsom salt 0.02%.
As another of the invention improvement, each ingredient of the high contents of calcium and magnesium nutrient solution and mass concentration are as follows: calcium ammonium nitrate
0.4%, potassium nitrate 0.05%, monoammonium phosphate 0.01%, epsom salt 0.2%.
As another of the invention improvement, each ingredient of the boron zinc molybdenum composite nutrient-fluid and mass concentration are as follows: borax
0.2%, ammonium molybdate 0.05%, zinc sulfate 0.1%.
With improving, soil and space utilization rate, time saving and energy saving, energy utilization rate is high for soilless cultivation of the present invention
The advantages that, can not only adaptation to local conditions, can also using traditional agriculture can not farming area carry out associated production, in combination with
Greenhouse, greenhouse gardening increase specific yield using its space advantage, improve product quality.
The present invention uses sugar industry byproduct -- the raw material of bagasse, ashes as soilless culture substrate, since Guangxi is
Sugaring is big to be saved, and it is ideal base starting material that these raw material Guangxi local origins are extensive, cheap.Fresh bagasse carbon nitrogen
It is higher than very, it cannot directly use, however after using the solution of the present invention to carry out stack retting processing, it can become and peat planting effect phase
When good cultivation matrix.At the same time, cultivation matrix used in the present invention belongs to degradable biological material, both avoids
Environmental pollution and the wasting of resources, and can generate more economic benefits, ecological benefits, realize agricultural sustainable development.
Cherry and tomato is happiness potassium plant, and the phenomenon that fruit drop occurs often in cultivation, and main cause has: first is that the cloudy day is more
Rain, illumination are insufficient；Second is that cultivation management is improper.Potassium concn is too low in nutrient solution when soilless cultivation, will be unfavorable for cherry and tomato
Growth and development, the appropriate potash fertilizer that increases can not only increase the plant height, stem thickness, leaf area of cherry and tomato, can also improve cherry kind
Eggplant fruit-setting rate and yield, while the nitrate content decline in fruit, VC, soluble sugar and organic acid content increase.Calcium and magnesium member
Element is calcium-magnesium content an important factor for influencing Cherry Tomato Fruit hardness, in the liquid that has additional nutrients of timely and appropriate discovery, can be effective
The calcium-magnesium content in cherry and tomato fruit tissue is improved, so that cherry and tomato is less prone to decayed fruit phenomenon before harvesting, and effectively extend
Storage period after harvesting.Although certain of crop can be reinforced in addition, boron element is not the constituent of various organic matters in crop body
A little important physiological functions, such as stablize chlorophyll structure, promote carbohydrate transport and protein synthesis, promote root growth hair
It educates, enhances crop anti-adversity, be effectively improved colored and not firm；Zinc is the constituent and activator of a variety of enzymes in plant, is participated in
The synthesis of auxin in plant has significant impact to the formation and photosynthesis of chlorophyll；Molybdenum ion is nitrate reductase
Metal component plays Electron Transfer.Molybdenum is the xanthoproteic component part of molybdenum in nitrate reductase, is the effect of nitrate reductase
Center can promote plant to efficiently use and convert nutrient, balance nutrient distribution in plant, cherry and tomato can be effectively prevented
It does not bloom or spends caducous.The present invention carries out specific aim fertigation to it in the different growth period of cherry and tomato, can be effective
Fruit drop is prevented, improves the hardness of fruit, and improve cherry and tomato nutritive value.
The soilless cultivation of cherry and tomato is easy to appear following problems: wanting first is that normal soil quality is not achieved in cultivation matrix
It asks；Second is that cultivating nutrient solution cannot be supplied timely and appropriately；Third is that there are environmental pollutions for waste.By attempting many times
And failure, the present inventor solves the above problem, and technical solution of the present invention is made to reach simple and easy, environment-friendly high-efficiency, because of ground system
Suitable technical goal.
The problem of normal soil quality requirements are not achieved about cultivation matrix, the present invention selected by fresh cane slag, ashes,
Pile fermentation is carried out after cow dung and compost strain mixing, effectively reduces the carbon-nitrogen ratio of bagasse, and ashes and cow dung can be with
The pH value of bagasse is effectively neutralized, so that the cultivation matrix pH value prepared is within the scope of cherry and tomato optimum, and matrix
Interior microelement, such as iron, calcium, magnesium show the free state for being easy to be absorbed by plant within the scope of the pH, and furthermore stack retting is sent out
River sand is mixed after ferment in right amount, the aeration of cultivation matrix can be effectively improved, the absorption of plant pair nutrient can be promoted, thus
To the fruit and vegetable food of high-quality.
The problem of cannot timely and appropriately being supplied about cultivating nutrient solution, the present invention are directed to each growth of cherry and tomato
The nutrient demand of phase, using corresponding liquid manure scheme, thin fertilizer is diligent to be applied, and not only meets basic nutrient needed for cherry and tomato growth phase
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium effectively improve the nutritional ingredient of cherry and tomato pulp；Also improve Cherry Tomato Fruit hardness using ca and mg fertilizer simultaneously,
Storage period after effectively extending cherry and tomato picking；In addition, the photosynthetic work of cherry and tomato can be enhanced in used boron, zinc, molybdenum
With Nutrient Absorption metabolism, effectively prevent fruit drop in promotion plant, improves cherry and tomato quality.
There are problems that environmental pollution about waste, cultivation matrix raw material used in the present invention is can natural degradation
The problem of material will not cause additional burden to environment, and environmental pollution is not present, and used bagasse of the invention
Sugar refinery waste is belonged to ashes, in Guangxi, local origin is extensive, and it is cheap, realize the comprehensive utilization of resource.
In conclusion by adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, cultivation matrix of the invention be bagasse, ashes, cow dung, fermenting agent mixing after pile fermentation be made, reason
Change property and be equivalent to high-quality soil, and every physical and chemical index such as pH value, EC value, water-retaining property is suitable for the cultivation of cherry and tomato, it can
Sufficient moisture and nutrient source are provided for the growth of cherry and tomato, effectively improves the yield and quality of cherry and tomato.
2, the present invention is directed to the nutrient demand in cherry and tomato each growth period, and using corresponding liquid manure scheme, thin fertilizer is diligent to be applied,
Effectively overcome the problems, such as that cultivation matrix to crop nutrition content insufficient supply, makes the quality of cherry and tomato effectively improve.
3, adaptation to local conditions of the present invention not only carries out local resources using bagasse, ashes as the raw material of cultivation matrix
Effective comprehensive utilization, the raw material of selection are degradable biomass material, and generated agricultural wastes will not give environment
Bring burden.
Therefore, soilless culture method of the invention compared with prior art, has environment-friendly high-efficiency, with strong points, because of ground
The technical advantage of suiting measures to different conditions.
[specific embodiment]
The invention discloses a kind of soilless culture method for improving cherry and tomato nutritional quality, selected base starting material is equal
For degradable sugar industry byproduct, cultivation matrix is made by pile fermentation in raw material, and quality is equivalent to high-quality soil, is used
It can effectively improve the yield and quality of cherry and tomato in the soilless cultivation of cherry and tomato.Below by way of specific embodiment to this hair
It is bright to be described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
It is a kind of improve cherry and tomato nutritional quality soilless culture method, the soilless culture method the following steps are included:
1) it prepares matrix: being by volume that 3:1:1 carries out being mixed into material heap by bagasse, bagasse boiler ashes, cow dung
Afterwards, the fermenting agent of admixture material heap dry mass 0.03%, carries out pile fermentation, stack retting after mixing then into the material heap
Period keeps ventilation, obtains organic substrate after stack retting 3 months, is by the volume ratio of organic substrate and river sand into the organic substrate
The ratio of 5:1 is mixed into river sand, obtains composite cultivation substrate, which is moved into cultivation bed, with water by compound cultivation
Training matrix irrigates；The fermenting agent is the lactobacillus plantarum and saccharomycete that mass ratio is 1:1；
2) be colonized: by the cherry and tomato seedling after vernalization, sowing, nursery in the step 1) composite cultivation substrate into
Row field planting, every furrow are colonized 2 rows, spacing in the rows 35cm；
3) built is pruned: as height of seedling 20cm, timely built being tied up to climing, frame material bamboo pole, the high 1m of frame, herringbone frame is tied up
Climing elastic appropriate, one dimensional infinite wall kind generally using single stalk training, i.e., in the entire growth course of plant, only stays 1 master
Branch, other all side shoots are all plucked in time, and self sealing top type or intermediate form kind are then suitable for double stalk trainings, that is, are removed and stayed major branch
Outside, then a side shoot under the first inflorescence is stayed, remaining side shoot is all plucked；
4) water and fertilizer management: using automatic drip-irrigation, keeps the step 1) composite cultivation substrate in the cherry tomato cultivation phase
Between moisture content be 60%；It is colonized in composite cultivation substrate until the first inflorescence is all open, makes from cherry and tomato seedling
It is irrigated with conventional nutrient solution；Since the first inflorescence of cherry and tomato is all spend whole openings when, using high potassium nutrition liquid into
Row is irrigated；Cherry and tomato the first fringe fruit expanding period carries out foliage-spray with boron zinc molybdenum composite nutrient-fluid；The second fringe of cherry and tomato
Fruit expanding period is irrigated using high contents of calcium and magnesium nutrient solution；Cherry and tomato third fringe fruit full-bloom stage is sought with Peng Xin molybdenum compound fertilizer
Nutrient solution carries out foliage-spray；Above-mentioned irrigation and after the foliage-spray phase, then use conventional nutrient solution instead and irrigated, until harvesting
Terminate.
Each ingredient of the conventional nutrient solution and mass concentration are as follows: calcium ammonium nitrate 0.04%, potassium nitrate 0.05%, monoammonium phosphate
0.01%, epsom salt 0.02%；Each ingredient of the high potassium nutrition liquid and mass concentration are as follows: calcium ammonium nitrate 0.04%, nitric acid
Potassium 0.05%, potassium chloride 0.2-0.5%, monoammonium phosphate 0.01%, epsom salt 0.02%；The high contents of calcium and magnesium nutrient solution respectively at
Point and mass concentration are as follows: calcium ammonium nitrate 0.4%, potassium nitrate 0.05%, monoammonium phosphate 0.01%, epsom salt 0.2%；It is described
Each ingredient of boron zinc molybdenum composite nutrient-fluid and mass concentration are as follows: borax 0.2%, ammonium molybdate 0.05%, zinc sulfate 0.1%.
Embodiment 2
It is a kind of improve cherry and tomato nutritional quality soilless culture method, the soilless culture method the following steps are included:
1) it prepares matrix: being by volume that 3:1:1 carries out being mixed into material heap by bagasse, coal-burning boiler ashes, cow dung
Afterwards, the fermenting agent of admixture material heap dry mass 0.05%, carries out pile fermentation, stack retting after mixing then into the material heap
Period keeps ventilation, obtains organic substrate after stack retting 2 months, is by the volume ratio of organic substrate and river sand into the organic substrate
The ratio of 5:1 is mixed into river sand, obtains composite cultivation substrate, which is moved into cultivation bed, with water by compound cultivation
Training matrix irrigates；The fermenting agent is the lactobacillus plantarum and saccharomycete that mass ratio is 1:1；
2) be colonized: by the cherry and tomato seedling after vernalization, sowing, nursery in the step 1) composite cultivation substrate into
Row field planting, every furrow are colonized 2 rows, spacing in the rows 40cm；
3) built is pruned: as height of seedling 20cm, timely built being tied up to climing, frame material bamboo pole, the high 1m of frame, herringbone frame is tied up
Climing elastic appropriate, one dimensional infinite wall kind generally using single stalk training, i.e., in the entire growth course of plant, only stays 1 master
Branch, other all side shoots are all plucked in time, and self sealing top type or intermediate form kind are then suitable for double stalk trainings, that is, are removed and stayed major branch
Outside, then a side shoot under the first inflorescence is stayed, remaining side shoot is all plucked；
4) water and fertilizer management: using automatic drip-irrigation, keeps the step 1) composite cultivation substrate in the cherry tomato cultivation phase
Between moisture content be 70%；It is colonized in composite cultivation substrate until the first inflorescence is all open, makes from cherry and tomato seedling
It is irrigated with conventional nutrient solution；Since the first inflorescence of cherry and tomato is all spend whole openings when, using high potassium nutrition liquid into
Row is irrigated；Cherry and tomato the first fringe fruit expanding period carries out foliage-spray with boron zinc molybdenum composite nutrient-fluid；The second fringe of cherry and tomato
Fruit expanding period is irrigated using high contents of calcium and magnesium nutrient solution；Cherry and tomato third fringe fruit full-bloom stage is sought with Peng Xin molybdenum compound fertilizer
Nutrient solution carries out foliage-spray；Above-mentioned irrigation and after the foliage-spray phase, then use conventional nutrient solution instead and irrigated, until harvesting
Terminate.
Various nutrient solutions used in embodiment 2 are same as Example 1.
The comparison of soilless culture substrate correlation physical and chemical index and normal soil such as Tables 1 and 2 obtained by Examples 1 and 2
Shown, Examples 1 and 2 soilless culture cherry tomato nutritional ingredient and normal soil cultivation cherry and tomato comparison are as shown in table 3
In general, as the ideal matrix of soilless cultivation, it is desirable that the bulk density of matrix is 0.1~0.8g/cm3, total pore space
Degree is 54%~96%, and water-holding porosity is not less than 50%, is best soil or matrix soda acid when pH value is between 6.0-7.0
Degree, EC (conductivity) normal range (NR) is 0.75-3.5, optimum range 2.0-2.5, by Tables 1 and 2 it can be seen that using this hair
Cultivation matrix obtained by bright scheme is the ideal matrix that physical property is better than normal soil.
Since its physicochemical property of cultivation matrix prepared by the present invention is better than normal soil, it is more suitable for the cultivation of cherry and tomato,
And timely and appropriate discovery carries out specific aim fertigation to cherry and tomato, the nutritional quality of cherry and tomato product is effectively increased, by table 3
Data are it is found that the cherry and tomato that Examples 1 and 2 cultivate compares the cherry and tomato with common cultivation, soluble sugar and VC phase
It is all significantly improved for common cultivation, sugar-acid ratio significantly improves, and at the same time, nitrate is also significantly reduced, to sum up institute
It states, cherry and tomato is cultivated using technical solution provided by the invention, cherry and tomato nutritional ingredient not only can be improved and contain
Amount, while cherry and tomato mouthfeel and quality can also be improved, obtain the fruit and vegetable food of more nutrition and health care.
1 cultivation matrix physical property of table and normal soil contrast table
| Number | Total porosity/% | Water-holding porosity/% | Density/gcm-3 | Water content/% |
| Embodiment 1 | 85.32 | 53.58 | 0.559 | 51.26 |
| Embodiment 2 | 84.28 | 55.21 | 0.573 | 50.35 |
| Normal soil | 61.82 | 48.66 | 0.472 | 45.95 |
2 cultivation matrix chemical property of table and normal soil contrast table
| Number | pH | EC/ms·cm-1 | N/‰ | P2O5/‰ | K2O/‰ | Ca/‰ | Mg/‰ |
| Embodiment 1 | 6.32 | 2.25 | 76.8 | 8.2 | 16.8 | 8.9 | 1.2 |
| Embodiment 2 | 6.16 | 2.35 | 77.3 | 8.7 | 17.5 | 8.5 | 1.5 |
| Normal soil | 7.25 | 2.51 | 62.3 | 2.5 | 5.3 | 0.3 | 1.4 |
3 embodiment cherry and tomato nutritional ingredient of table and normal soil cultivate contrast table unit: gkg-1
| Number | Soluble sugar | Organic acid | Sugar-acid ratio | Soluble solid | VC | Nitrate |
| Embodiment 1 | 44.6 | 5.3 | 8.42 | 51.2 | 180.7 | 88.6 |
| Embodiment 2 | 45.2 | 5.1 | 8.86 | 52.3 | 181.6 | 87.9 |
| Common cultivation | 32.5 | 6.6 | 4.92 | 39.3 | 158.8 | 118.6 |
Above description is the detailed description for the present invention preferably possible embodiments, but embodiment is not limited to this hair
Bright patent claim, it is all the present invention suggested by technical spirit under completed same changes or modifications change, should all belong to
In the covered the scope of the patents of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of soilless culture method for improving cherry and tomato nutritional quality, it is characterised in that: the soilless culture method includes
Following steps:
1) it prepares matrix: being by volume after 3:1:1 is mixed into material heap by bagasse, ashes, cow dung, then into the material heap
The fermenting agent of admixture material heap dry mass 0.03-0.05% carries out pile fermentation after mixing, keeps logical during stack retting
Wind, stack retting obtained organic substrate after 2-3 months, the ratio for being 5:1 by the volume ratio of organic substrate and river sand into the organic substrate
Example is mixed into river sand, obtains composite cultivation substrate, and the composite cultivation substrate is moved into cultivation bed, with water by composite cultivation substrate
It irrigates；The fermenting agent is the lactobacillus plantarum and saccharomycete that mass ratio is 1:1；
2) it is colonized: the cherry and tomato seedling after vernalization, sowing, nursery is determined in the step 1) composite cultivation substrate
It plants, every furrow are colonized 2 rows, spacing in the rows 35-40cm；
3) built is pruned: as height of seedling 20cm, being started built and is tied up climing, frame material bamboo pole, the high 1m of frame, herringbone frame, indeterminate growth
Type kind that is, in the entire growth course of plant, only stays 1 major branch using single stalk training, and other all side shoots are all plucked in time,
Self sealing top type or intermediate form kind that is, in addition to staying major branch, then stay a side shoot under the first inflorescence using double stalk trainings,
Remaining side shoot is all plucked；
4) water and fertilizer management: using automatic drip-irrigation, keeps step 1) composite cultivation substrate water during cherry tomato cultivation
Dividing content is 60-70%；It is colonized in composite cultivation substrate until the first inflorescence is all open, uses from cherry and tomato seedling
Conventional nutrient solution is irrigated；Since the first inflorescence of cherry and tomato is all spend whole openings when, use high potassium nutrition liquid carry out
It irrigates；Cherry and tomato the first fringe fruit expanding period carries out foliage-spray with boron zinc molybdenum composite nutrient-fluid；Cherry and tomato the second fringe fruit
Real expanding stage is irrigated using high contents of calcium and magnesium nutrient solution；Cherry and tomato third fringe fruit full-bloom stage, with the nutrition of Peng Xin molybdenum compound fertilizer
Liquid carries out foliage-spray；Above-mentioned irrigation and after the foliage-spray phase, then use conventional nutrient solution instead and irrigated, until harvesting knot
Beam；
Each ingredient of the high potassium nutrition liquid and mass concentration are as follows: calcium ammonium nitrate 0.04%, potassium nitrate 0.05%, potassium chloride 0.2-
0.5%, monoammonium phosphate 0.01%, epsom salt 0.02%；
Each ingredient of the high contents of calcium and magnesium nutrient solution and mass concentration are as follows: calcium ammonium nitrate 0.4%, potassium nitrate 0.05%, monoammonium phosphate
0.01%, epsom salt 0.2%.
2. soilless culture method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the bagasse is the fresh sugarcane after the squeezing of sugar refinery
Slag, the ashes are bagasse boiler ashes or coal-burning boiler ashes.
3. soilless culture method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the stack retting is flooring compost, stack retting
Draft type be turning, and for water tariff collection in 40-50%, every turning in 15 days is primary during stack retting.
4. soilless culture method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: each ingredient of the conventional nutrient solution and quality are dense
Degree are as follows: calcium ammonium nitrate 0.04%, potassium nitrate 0.05%, monoammonium phosphate 0.01%, epsom salt 0.02%.
5. soilless culture method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: each ingredient of the boron zinc molybdenum composite nutrient-fluid and
Mass concentration are as follows: borax 0.2%, ammonium molybdate 0.05%, zinc sulfate 0.1%.
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| CN107258500A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-10-20 | 太仓绿丰农业资源开发有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of tomato soilless culture substrate |
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