CN1070805C - 液体容器及其制造方法 - Google Patents
液体容器及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
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- B65D75/5861—Spouts
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- B65D75/5883—Non-integral spouts connected to the package at the sealed junction of two package walls
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
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- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
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- B65D2231/00—Means for facilitating the complete expelling of the contents
- B65D2231/001—Means for facilitating the complete expelling of the contents the container being a bag
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
一液体容器包括有两个作为容器体前后壁的平片和两个作为侧壁的向内折叠的角片的袋状柔性容器体;还包括管形的排放装置,它有位于其上端并从容器体的上端突伸出去的开口部分,以及具有位于开口部分下方并且将被固定在容器体上端的连接部中的凸缘。其特征在于,每一角片的宽度等于平片的宽度。两个角片的内端在连接部处被放置于凸缘和平片之间。制造该液体容器时,在安置排放装置之前,最好将角片膜局部粘接到平片膜上。
Description
本发明涉及一种液体容器,用以灌装可食的或不可食的液体或流体,例如饮料、比如运动饮品、桔汁等。本发明还涉及这种液体容器的制造方法。
用来灌装如运动饮品、桔汁这类饮料的容器是众所周知的。这种容器具有一个以柔性膜作为成形材料而且形成袋状的容器体,还有一个连接在容器体上的管形的排放装置,其中排放装置的凸缘部分固定在容器体的上方开口端处。排放装置的导管部分插在容器体中。例如,这种容器在日本实用新型申请公开(kokai)62-134826号中有所描述,该申请公开于1987年。
这种类型的液体容器重量轻,而且比罐和瓶更易于开启。因此,这种容器可取代玻璃瓶或塑料容器,用来贮存饮料以及日本面条或朝鲜烤肉用的酱汁。
如图13和14所示,上述的液体容器由袋状的容器体1和排放装置2构成。容器体1有两个向内折叠的角片4(4a、4b)和两个平片3(3a、3b)。排放装置2具有凸缘部分12和导管部分13。向内折叠的角片4a、4b分别位于容器体1的两侧,因而形成了间隔S1,在这个间隔中放置着排放装置2的凸缘部分12,它位于角片的两个内端15a、15b之间并位于容器体1的上端。然后,容器体的上端和凸缘部分12通过常规的热封接相互粘结成一体。这样制成的液体容器有两个间距S2,它们分别位于凸缘部分12和角片的各内端15a、15b之间。
然而,在上述的液体容器中,由于排放装置2的凸缘部分12被设置在两个角片内端15a、15b之间的间隔S1中,这使得容器体1的水平截面形状是矩形而不是正方形,这是因为角片4的宽度小于平片3的宽度而造成的。因此,该液体容器自行直立时不稳定,当把它放在货架或搁台上进行展示时经常发生倾倒。
本发明的目的是提供一种液体容器,它在放置于货架或搁台上时具有很高的自行直立稳定性。本发明的另一个目的是提供上述液体容器的优选的制造方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明的液体容器包括:由柔性膜制成的袋状的容器体,该容器体包括构成其前后壁的两个平片,以及构成其侧壁的向内折叠的两个角片。
管形的排放装置,它具有设在排放装置的上端并且从容器体的上端突伸出去的至少一个开口部分,它还具有设在开口部分下方并且固定在容器体上端的凸缘,用以构成排放装置和容器体相互间的连接部分。
其特征在于,每一角片的宽度大致等于平片的宽度,两个角片的内伸的各个内端在连接部分处被放置在凸缘和平片之间。
此外,上述液体容器的制造方法包括这些步骤:
准备两片柔性膜以作为构成容器体前后壁的平片,准备另外两片柔性膜,其宽度大致相等于平片膜的宽度,以此作为构成容器体侧壁的角片,准备好管形排放装置,它有位于其上端的至少一个开口部分,以及具有位于开口部分下方的凸缘;
将两个平片膜相互叠放;
将两个角片膜折叠并放置在叠放的两个平片膜之间,其放置的位置为:形成有折叠线的两个内端以相互接触或靠近的方式彼此面对;
将排放装置安置在叠放的两个平片膜之间,其位置为,使排放装置的开口部分从容器体的上端伸出去,并使排放装置的凸缘位于容器体的上端处;
通过预定部位处的密封,将平片、角片的各个膜和排放装置粘接成一体;
其特征在于,在安置排放装置之前,各个角片膜被局部粘接到平片膜上,
形成有折叠线的各角片膜的内端部被放置在排放装置的凸缘与做平片的膜上端部分之间。
根据上述的液体容器,排放装置的凸缘被定位和固定在容器体上端部位以形成一个连接部分,其中,凸缘与角片的内端相重叠。因此,每一角片都被深深地折叠进去,以便使容器体的横截面形状大致为正方体。这样,当液体容器被放在货架或搁台上展示时,就可以保证其自行直立的稳定性。
在上述的液体容器中,角片的各个内端最好安置在凸缘的同一侧。按照这一优选实施例,管形的排放装置必然朝着容器体的前方或后方倾斜。这样就便于使用者将排放装置的开口置入嘴中吸取饮料。此外,即便是将该液体容器放在很低的货架上,如果该排放装置的顶部向后倾斜,使前平片的上部朝上露出,那么即使该液体容器放在相当低的架上时也可以使消费者看到平片上的文字或图案,以此改善了视觉获取效果。
在容器体的四个底角部位可以设置斜密封线,使之倾斜地延伸穿越平片,从其一个边缘到达其底边。于是在每一种斜密封线和底密封线以外的部分就可被切去。按照这个实施,容器体对于折叠其底边的阻力减小了,因而其底部很容易找平,从而改善了液体容器自行直立时的稳定性。
在上述液体容器的另一优选实施例中,容器体的顶部密封线从连接部延伸到容器体的左、右侧,这可使顶部密封线的宽度大于密封连接部的宽度;连接部的下角与顶部密封线的下沿之间的每一过渡部分之边线可大致平行于容器体的轴线延伸。按照这个实施例,通过加大顶部密封线的宽度,增加了角片的强度。此外,由于连接部的下角与顶部密封线的下沿之间的每一过渡部分是大致平行于容器体的轴线延伸,这就降低了液体容器的内装物集中于连接部下角处的压力,从而增加了该部位的强度,防止液体容器的破裂。
在另一方面,根据上述的制造方法,很容易使平片膜和角片膜安放就位。同时,通过角片膜的局部粘接,排放装置以及容器体各部分的膜可以在一种稳定的状态下进行密封连接。
上述制造方法最好如下进行:两片角片膜放置在一平片膜的预定位置上,然后通过热封接将角片膜局部粘接到平片膜上,在热封接中,封接棒压在膜上,在容器体的上部使之与角片膜的折叠线相交。根据这个实施例,由于排放装置在角片中定位时,角片的内端不与排放装置相互干涉,不会干扰排放装置的定位,因而提高了液体容器的生产率,并且降低了残品率。
在上述这种采用封接棒进行局部粘接的优选实例中,封接棒的封接面在其一侧可以带有位于中央部位的三角形凹口,凹口的每一边倾斜地与角片的折叠线相交,这样,封接面积朝着容器体的侧面方向逐渐增加。于是,通过这种与封接棒的上述封接表面相应的,特定的局部粘接封接面,就可以提高该液体容器抵御各种冲击的能力,例如,当该容器坠落时的冲击。
图1是本发明液体容器实施例的正视图。
图2是图1中所示本发明液体容器在胀开时的立体图。
图3是图1所示本发明液体容器的排放装置的正视图。
图4是表达图1所示本发明液体容器的内部结构的示意图。
图5A和5B是截面图,示意性表示了排放装置连接部的两个实例。
图6A和6B是本发明液体容器另一实施例在其胀开状态下的示意图,其中图6A是立体图,图6B是侧视图。
图7A和7B是图1所示本发明液体容器底部的示意图。
图8是图1所示本发明液体容器顶部的示意图。
图9是表示制作容器体之膜的结构示意图。
图10是本发明制造方法的流程图。
图11是局部粘接的示意图。
图12是图11所示局部粘接的另一示意图。
图13是现有液体容器的立体图。
图14是沿图13中A-A线的横截面示意图。
下面将结合附图描述本发明的优选实施例。
图1表示液体容器101的正视图,它是本发明的一个实施例。图2是液体容器101在胀开状态时的立体图。图3是排放装置的正视图。参照这些附图,液体容器101由袋状的容器体1和管形的排放装置2构成,容器体1由柔性膜形成,而排放装置通常由塑料制成。容器体1在其上端设有连接部分,排放装置2的凸缘12就粘在容器体1的连接部5的内表面上。容器体1包括两个平片部分3(3a、3b)和两个角片部分4(4a、4b);平片部分构成容器体1的前、后壁,而角片部分向内折叠构成容器体1的侧壁。容器体1在这些片的周边上形成有相应的密封线,包括:延伸到连接部5左右两端的顶部密封线6、侧密封线7、底密封线8和斜密封线9。这些密封线通常借助热密封而形成。
排放装置2是长的管形体。它包括位于其上端的至少一个开口部分11和设在开口部分11下方的凸缘12,凸缘12用于将排放装置2和容器体1相互连接。此外,排放装置2还可以设有其它部分,例如:设在凸缘12下方的起着吸管作用的导管13;设在开口部分处的使盖子14a拧紧的螺纹部分14b;用于将排放装置支承在导向装置上的支承凸缘14c,该导向装置可用于引导排放装置或者引导装有排放装置的液体容器;以及孔14d,该孔在灌装时用来排放空气,而当液体容器倒置时则用来排放内装的液体。
图4表示出液体容器中101揭去其前片3a后的情形。此时,排放装置2置于后片3b的中央,两个角片4a、4b分别置于后片的两侧。正如从图2和图4中得知的那样,排放装置2的导管13在容器体1中向内延伸而使排放装置2起到吸管的作用。在本发明中,为了在液体容器自行直立时改善其稳定性,需要使每一角片的整个宽度W1大致相等于平片的宽度W2,因此角片的内端15(即折叠线)位于靠近容器体中央的很深的位置处。这样,角片的两个内端15a、15b从容器体的两侧相互靠近彼此面对,甚至在某些情况下在容器体的中央处相互接触。此时,凸缘12的部分面积或整个面积被相应的角片内端部分15所覆盖。因此,如图5中示意性表示的连接部5的截面图所示,在本发明的液体容器中,凸缘的表面16(16a,16b)和平片在连接部处的内表面17(17a、17b)是通过折叠角片的内端部分15(15a、15b)而相互粘牢的。图5A表示上述液体容器101的一种类型,其中角片的两个内端部分15a、15b位于凸缘的前表面16a上。另一方面,图5B表示了另一种类型,其中右侧角片4a的内端部分15a位于凸缘的前表面16a上,而左侧角片4b的内端部分15b则位于凸缘的后表面16b上。
无论上述哪一种类型,该液体容器灌满时其截面形状都变为大致的正方形,以增强其自行直立的能力。然而,图5A的类型比图5B更为可取。如图6A、6B所示,当角片的左、右内端部分都位于凸缘的同一面(前面或后面)时,长的排放装置就将朝着角片内端部分所在表面的相反方向相对于凸缘倾斜,因而更易于作为吸管使用。这是因为,饮用者可以在保持液体容器直立状态的情况下方便地将排放装置的上开口端插入自己的嘴中,无需使容器倾斜。此外,还可以强调印制在平片上的文字或图案等说明性内容,以增强视觉获取效果。也就是说,在图6A和6B的情形中,排放装置2向后倾斜,以使前平片3a前表面的连接部(肩部)展示出来。因此,即便该容器被放置在很低的货架或搁台上,消费者也能够清楚地看到前平片上的说明性内容。
容器体的底部有四个下角,即:前右下角、前左下角、后右下角和后左下角。如图7A、7B所示,可以在各自下角处设置斜密封线9,就好象所说的下角被斜密封线9斜着切掉一样,于是斜密封线9和底密封线8外侧的那部分18就从容器体1上切去。按照这一实施例,底部被制成倒梯形,当该液体容器被放在桌子上时,由于其底部很容易找平,因此它具有很强的自行直立能力。斜密封线9从平片侧边上的某一预定点向平片底边上的某一预定点延伸,并穿越角片内端15的折叠线与底密封线8的交汇部分19。斜密封线9与度密封线8之间的夹角通常设为45°左右。
在本发明的液体容器中,由于其顶部密封线6是借助于角片使前后平片封接在一起的,因此,与其它的密封线和其它部分相比,顶部密封线更容易开裂,因此,如图8所示,最好将顶部密封线6的宽度W4设置成大于连接部5的密封线宽度W3,以增强顶部密封线6的强度。在这种情况下,如果连接部5的下角20和顶部密封线6的下缘21之间的各个过渡部分22的边线22是大致平行于容器体的轴线延伸,那么容器中的内装液体的压力P就不会集中在连接部5的下角20上。因而就避免了该液体容器在下角20处产生小孔和开裂。因此,就可以在容器体1包括连接部5和顶部密封线6的上部处保证其密封部位具有稳定的密封质量。
至于容器体的平片和角片所用的柔性膜,例如可以采用如图9所示的复合膜29,以保证容器体的柔软性。复合膜29是以聚脂膜25作为最外层、一层具有绝缘性能的膜26、一层从聚酯膜系列或定向尼龙膜系列中选出的膜27、并以聚乙烯膜28作为最内层,按照这个顺序层压复合而成。更具体地说,最好采用下面所列的复合膜:
(1)OPET(12μm)/Al(9μm)/ON(15μm)/PE(60-120μm)
(2)OPET(12μm)/Al(9μm)/OPET(12μm)/PE(60-120μm)
(3)OPET(12μm)/EVOH(9μm)/OPET(12μm)/PE(60-120μm)
上面缩写的含义如下,括号内是膜的厚度。
“OPET”;定向聚乙烯-对苯二酸酯膜
“Al”;铝箔
“ON”;定向尼龙膜
“PE”;聚乙烯膜
“EVOH”;乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物膜
下面说明上述液体容器的制造方法。下面所述的内容是针对一个接一个地制造液体容器的情形,然而,该方法也可用于同时制造多个液体容器。图10表示该制造方法一个实例的一般工作过程。
首先,将柔性膜切成预定的尺寸,准备出两片膜作为容器体的平片,以及另外两片膜作为角片,角片宽度等于平片的宽度。同时也将管状的排出装置准备好。
准备好了以后,将平片的两片膜相互叠放在一起,将角片的膜向后折叠以形成沿其纵向延伸的折叠线,然后将角片的这对折叠膜插在叠放的平片膜之间,使角片膜的外缘与平片膜的外缘对齐。这样,一对角片膜的向内延伸并彼此面对的内端部分便相互接触或靠得很近。
如上放置之后,在预定位置上通过热封将这对角片膜局部粘接到平片膜上。所进行的热封例如可以是在250℃下持续1秒钟。局部粘接使膜片和排放装置在密封作业时能保持各自的位置。液体容器的侧密封线根据需要可以在局部粘接之前进行。
如图11所示,局部粘接通常是在作为容器体上部的位置进行的。在进行局部粘接时,最好是进行热密封,将密封棒压在平片上并与内端部分15的折叠线相交,这样使角片4的各内端部分15都粘接在某一平片膜上。按照这种方式,各个膜和排放装置都很容易定位,这是因为在把排放装置放置于角片4附近时,角片的内端部分15不与排放装置相互干涉。实际上,如图12所示,在先按上述方式制作容器体,并随后将排放装置插入和固接时,一对角片4是位于两平片3a、3b的某一侧32之容器体的上开口附近处。因此,在制作液体容器时就很容易处理排放装置和容器体。
如图11所示,局部粘接的封接部分30在其一侧最好有一个位于中央部位的三角形凹口,凹口的每一边31都与角片膜内端部分15的折叠线倾斜相交,这样,封接部分30的封接面积朝着容器体的侧面方向逐渐增加。当局部粘接的封接部分30制成上述的带有凹口的形状时,就可以增强容器体的顶部密封线抵御各种冲击(例如当该容器坠落时的冲击)的能力,因而显著地减少了容器顶部密封线发生破裂的危险。
在局部粘接之后,将叠放的膜的周边密封起来以形成只在顶部开口的容器体。然后,将排放装置的导管从容器体的上部开口插入到容器体中并定位于这样的位置:排放装置的凸缘位于容器体的上端并与一对角片膜的各内端部分相重叠。然后,将容器体的上端开口部分与排放装置的凸缘部分密封到一起,以完成液体容器的制作。
关于上述的制作过程,显然可以改变各个步骤的顺序,只需两个角片膜的局部粘接是在排放装置的定位之前进行即可。例如,在上述情形中,排放装置在容器体中的定位是在容器体成形之后进行的。然而,也可以进行如下操作:首先,将两个角片膜放置在那个平片膜上进行局部粘接,然后,将排放装置放置在另一个平片膜上,最后将各膜的周边密封起来。
如图2所示,这样制成的液体容器当被展示或放置在货架上时具有很好的自行直立的稳定性。这是因为各个角片的宽度W1大致相等于平片的宽度W2,其截面形状大致为正方形。因此,根据本发明的液体容器可用作饮料、面条容器,当然也可用作其它各种物品的容器,例如调味品的容器,从而取代玻璃瓶和塑料容器。
此外,当容器体的截面大致为正方形时,该液体容器除了具有很好的自行直立的稳定性以外,还可以在降低容器体表面积的同时,保证较大的内部贮存空间。因此,本发明的液体容器不仅具有较大的容积,而且没有形态庞大之嫌。
Claims (10)
1.一种液体容器,包括:
一由柔性膜制成的袋状的容器体,该容器体包括构成其前、后壁的两个平片,以及构成其侧壁的、向内折叠的两个角片;
一管形的排放装置,它具有设在排放装置的上端并且从容器体的上端突伸出去的至少一个开口部分,它还具有设在开口部分下方并且固定在容器体上端中的凸缘,用以构成排放装置和容器体相互间的连接部分,
其特征在于,每一角片的宽度大致等于每个平片的宽度,两个角片的内伸的内端在连接部分处被放置在凸缘和平片之间。
2.如权利要求1所述的液体容器,其特征在于,排放装置还包括一个设在凸缘下方并向容器体内延伸的导管部分。
3.如权利要求1所述的液体容器,其特征在于,两个角片的内端被安置在凸缘的同一侧。
4.如权利要求1所述的液体容器,其特征在于,所述的容器体在其底部的两个下角处分别沿着四条倾斜密封线被密封,所述的斜密封线从平片的侧缘向着平片的底缘延伸,并且穿越角片的折叠线与容器体的底密封线相互交汇的部位,容器体的在每一斜密封线和底密封线以外的部分以一个梯形的形状被切除。
5.如权利要求1所述的液体容器,其特征在于,所述的容器体在其上部沿着顶部密封线被密封,顶部密封线从连接部向外延伸,其宽度大于连接部密封线的宽度;连接部的下角与顶部密封线的下沿之间的每一过渡部分之边线大致平行于容器体的轴线延伸。
6.如权利要求1所述的液体容器,其特征在于,所说的柔性膜是一种复合膜,是以聚酯膜作为最外层、一层具有绝缘性能的膜、一层从聚酯膜系列或定向尼龙膜系列中选出的膜,且以聚乙烯膜作为最内层,按照这种顺序层压复合而成的复合膜。
7.一种如权利要求1所述的液体容器的制造方法,包括这些步骤:
准备两片柔性膜作为构成容器体前后壁的平片,准备另外两片柔性膜,每片宽度大致相等于平片膜的宽度,以此作为构成容器壁侧壁的角片,准备好管形的排放装置,在其上端至少有一个开口部分,以及具有位于开口部分下方的凸缘;
将两个平片膜相互叠放;
将两个角片膜折叠并放置在叠放的所述两个平片膜之间;其放置的位置为:形成有折叠线的两个内端以相互接触或靠近的方式彼此面对;
将排放装置安置在叠放的所述两个平片膜之间,其位置为:排放装置的开口部分从容器体的上端伸出去,排放装置的凸缘位于容器体的上端处;
通过预定部位处的密封,将平片、角片的各个膜和排放装置粘接成一体;
其特征在于,在安置排放装置之前,各个角片膜被局部粘接到平片膜上;
形成有折叠线的各角片膜的内端被放置在排放装置的凸缘与平片膜上端部分之间。
8.如权利要求7所述的液体容器制造方法,其特征在于,所述排放装置还有一个向容器体中延伸的导管部分。
9.如权利要求7所述的液体容器制造方法,其特征在于,所述的两个折叠的和放置好的角片膜通过热封接被局部粘接到平片膜上,热封接的方式是将封接棒压在膜上,在容器体的上部使之与角片膜的折叠线相交。
10.如权利要求9所述的液体容器制造方法,其特征在于,封接棒具有封接面,该封接面在其一侧有位于中央部位的三角形凹口,凹口的每一边倾斜地与角片的折叠线相交,这样,封接面积朝着容器体的侧面方向逐渐增加。
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- 1996-06-26 DE DE69604343T patent/DE69604343T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-26 ZA ZA965436A patent/ZA965436B/xx unknown
- 1996-06-26 US US08/673,729 patent/US5660477A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-27 AU AU56228/96A patent/AU693359B2/en not_active Expired
- 1996-06-27 SG SG1996010168A patent/SG49340A1/en unknown
- 1996-06-28 IN IN1195CA1996 patent/IN191613B/en unknown
- 1996-06-28 ID IDP981281A patent/ID21032A/id unknown
- 1996-06-28 CN CN96110927A patent/CN1070805C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-05 TW TW85108160A patent/TW308574B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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CN110506006A (zh) * | 2017-04-27 | 2019-11-26 | 宝洁公司 | 将膨胀材料添加到柔性容器中的方法 |
CN110506006B (zh) * | 2017-04-27 | 2022-02-11 | 宝洁公司 | 将膨胀材料添加到柔性容器中的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1149027A (zh) | 1997-05-07 |
AU693359B2 (en) | 1998-06-25 |
US5857951A (en) | 1999-01-12 |
MY124471A (en) | 2006-06-30 |
EP0751081B1 (en) | 1999-09-22 |
TW308574B (zh) | 1997-06-21 |
DE69604343D1 (de) | 1999-10-28 |
ZA965436B (en) | 1997-01-24 |
US5660477A (en) | 1997-08-26 |
ID21032A (id) | 1999-04-08 |
DE69604343T2 (de) | 2000-03-30 |
IN191613B (zh) | 2003-12-06 |
AU5622896A (en) | 1997-01-09 |
SG49340A1 (en) | 1998-05-18 |
EP0751081A1 (en) | 1997-01-02 |
JP3048888B2 (ja) | 2000-06-05 |
JPH0912042A (ja) | 1997-01-14 |
BR9602896A (pt) | 1998-04-28 |
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