CN1070775C - 生产层压材料的方法 - Google Patents

生产层压材料的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1070775C
CN1070775C CN94117057A CN94117057A CN1070775C CN 1070775 C CN1070775 C CN 1070775C CN 94117057 A CN94117057 A CN 94117057A CN 94117057 A CN94117057 A CN 94117057A CN 1070775 C CN1070775 C CN 1070775C
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China
Prior art keywords
pressure roller
coiled material
coiled
relatively
plastic
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN94117057A
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English (en)
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CN1109409A (zh
Inventor
P·奥曼
R·拉森
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Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
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Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
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Publication of CN1109409A publication Critical patent/CN1109409A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8341—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
    • B29C66/83411—Roller, cylinder or drum types
    • B29C66/83413—Roller, cylinder or drum types cooperating rollers, cylinders or drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/026—Chemical pre-treatments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7234—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer
    • B29C66/72341—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer for gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7234—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer
    • B29C66/72343—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer for liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81264—Mechanical properties, e.g. hardness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81457—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps comprising a block or layer of deformable material, e.g. sponge, foam, rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8341—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
    • B29C66/83411—Roller, cylinder or drum types
    • B29C66/83415—Roller, cylinder or drum types the contact angle between said rollers, cylinders or drums and said parts to be joined being a non-zero angle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/0008—Electrical discharge treatment, e.g. corona, plasma treatment; wave energy or particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C59/08—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by flame treatment ; using hot gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C59/10—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by electric discharge treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C59/14—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by plasma treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/004—Preventing sticking together, e.g. of some areas of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/0042—Preventing sticking together, e.g. of some areas of the parts to be joined of the joining tool and the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/0044—Preventing sticking together, e.g. of some areas of the parts to be joined of the joining tool and the parts to be joined using a separating sheet, e.g. fixed on the joining tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
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    • B29K2711/00—Use of natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29K2601/00 - B29K2709/00, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2711/12—Paper, e.g. cardboard
    • B29K2711/123—Coated
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    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
    • B29K2995/007—Hardness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2009/00—Layered products

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种生产结合完整的层压材料(例如层压包装材料)的方法，该方法是：第一种塑料卷材(10a)和第二种塑料卷材(10b)被结合一起并在同时加热和加压下被永久地相互粘合一起，制成层压材料(10)。为了增强两种卷材(10a和10b)之间的粘合力，在结合之前对两种卷材预先进行非化学性的表面活化处理，最好是电晕处理，由此使两种卷材在不使用层间化学粘合剂的情况下获得好的粘合性和粘结性。

Description

生产层压材料的方法
本发明涉及一种生产层压材料的方法，例如层压包装材料，该方法在同时加热和加压下将第一种塑料卷材和第二种塑料卷材结合并相互永久地粘合起来。
包含塑料和/或其它材料粘合层的层压包装材料经常用于单一用途的一次性使用外包装，市场上不仅出现层数有限的简单、柔性的层压包装材料，也出现包含许多层以合理选择的方式共同结合的复杂、刚性的层压包装材料。
不管层压包装材料是哪一种类型，各层压包装材料的组成使得由层压包装材料制成的外包装具有能以可靠保护产品的方式储存产品的最佳可操作前提是很重要的。因而，为了使产品获得充分保护，不仅要求层压包装材料具有一定的机械和化学性能，还要求其具有其它的满意和必要的性能，同时自然也要求层压包装材料经济可行，容易生产并能以合适的工业规模制成外包装。
一种用于外形稳定的、单一用途、一次性使用的外包装的普通层压包装材料包括使外包装具有所要求的机械强度和外形稳定性的纸或纸板的心层，和使外包装具有水汽和液体渗透性能的防热塑性的外涂层，最好是聚乙烯。这层热塑性的外涂层还具有一种优点即热密封性(可熔性)，在同时加热和加压作用下，能使相互面对的热塑性表面发生表面熔化并相互粘合起来，在用层压包装材料制备外包装时能够形成机械强度大和防液体渗透的密封接缝或接点。
另一种用于上述类型的单一用途的外包装的普通层压包装材料包括纸或纸板的心层、热塑性的外涂层、最好是聚乙烯，和另外一层或多层想要使外包装产生补充气密性能的材料组成的附加层。为了在用来包装对氧气敏感的产品时，使外包装具有防氧气渗透性，一种这样的层压包装材料要求在心层的一侧，在层压包装材料的心层和热塑性外涂层之间使用一层铝箔。为了使外包装具有防止氧气渗透和/或对于可能在产品中存在的某种类型的香料、香精油等具有防渗透性能，另一种层压包装材料要求使用一层或多层聚合物层来代替上述铝箔或作为上述铝箔的补充。迄今为止在现有技术中使用的此类阻隔聚合物的实例可以是聚酯、聚酰胺、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、乙基乙烯基醇共聚物(EVOH)等。另一种阻隔材料的例子是氧化硅(SiOx)，它也可以使外包装具有对氧气和上述类型物质的防渗透性能。
简而言之，用来制作袋状外包装的柔性层压包装材料可以例如包括两层相互结合的塑料层和一层铝箔或上述类型的阻隔聚合物的夹层。
柔性和刚性的层压包装材料通常都用一种层压工艺来生产，它基于下面的原理：依据在同时加热和加压下将预制的塑料或塑料涂覆的其它材料的卷材结合并永久地相互粘合起来。例如，对于一种普通的层压包装材料，将预制的塑料涂覆的卷纸与预制的阻隔聚合物的卷膜(film web of barrier polymer)结合一起。它们被牵引通过两个旋转压辊之间的辊隙，为了使两卷材相互永久地粘合在一起，同时还在两种卷材之间施加一种粘合剂或充当粘合剂的密封塑料。此外，一种和/或另一种卷材可用所谓的底漆进行预处理，该底漆分别施加在这种或这些卷材的接触面上，而且该底漆在层压过程中通过加热而活化，以增强卷材之间的粘合力或使其能发生粘合作用。在制造仅包括两层塑料层的柔性层压包装材料时，使用了相应的工艺过程，即将第一种预制的塑料卷材与第二种预制的塑料卷材结合一起，牵引通过两个旋转压辊之间的辊隙，为使两种卷材相互永久地粘合在一起，还同时在两种卷材之间使用粘合剂或充当粘合剂的密封塑料。在这种情况下，也可以用增粘合剂(底漆)对一种和/或另一种卷材进行预处理，这种底漆在层压工艺过程中加热被活化。
上述的同时，普通的薄膜层压方法生产出的层压包装材料，具有高度的完整性和在所包括的材料层之间具有良好的内粘合作用，但它们都有缺点和不便：它们使用的粘结剂(粘合剂、底漆)经常带有对环境有害的有机溶剂。尽管还有不合这样的有机溶剂的粘结剂和粘合剂，要将它们成功地引入具有所需要的完整性和粘合力的层压包装材料的合理的、工业化的生产中，迄今为止都证明是有困难的，在某些情况下，为了能将不易熔化的塑料或经过在加热和加压(热密封)下表面熔化仍不能相互结合在一起的塑料之薄膜或卷材永久地结合在一起，使用溶剂型粘结剂或粘合剂已证明是不可避免的。
本发明的一个目的就是要避免上面概述的缺点和不便，并且提出一种生产层压材料(例如层压包装材料)的改进方法。
本发明的另一个目的就是在不使用有害环境的粘结剂或粘合剂的情况下，以合理的工业化规模生产具有高度完整性的和内部粘合力强的层压包装材料。
根据本发明，为了提高粘合力，在卷材结合之前，将其进行表面活化处理，可以实现这些或其它目的，根据本发明方法的优选和理想的实施方案已进一步给出了其特征，这在下面的说明书中已列出。
通过将那些要结合并相互粘合在一起的卷材的各自塑料表面进行不使用化学粘结剂的表面活化处理，根据本发明也可以将卷材相互粘合起来并使其具有很强的内部粘合力，而不管卷材接触面是否由不易相互结合的或对结合而言完全不相容的，因而为了使其能够永久地粘合起来就要另外使用层间化学粘结剂或密封层的塑料组成的。
卷材的非化学性表面活化处理最好在卷材快要结合之前进行，其机理根据下面的原理：每一种相应卷材通过一个高频电场，活化了塑料的表面分子或塑料的一部分分子，使塑料变得相互之间可以起反应，因而可以相互永久地粘合起来。
这种类型的表面活化处理是本质上清楚的，例如包括离子体处理、电晕处理、火焰处理等，根据本发明已证明使用电晕技术(电晕处理)，也可以结合使用臭氧的表面活化处理方式在用于将不相容的或不易粘结和结合的塑料卷材永久地结合在一起时是特别理想和优越的。
如前面已经提到过的，在包装技术领域会经常出现将一层聚乙烯涂覆的卷纸与一层不用化学粘结剂(粘合剂)就不易与聚乙烯粘合的塑料卷材进行层压的情况。而根据本发明，通过对卷材进行上述的表面活化处理可以很容易地将此类卷材相互粘合起来形成完整的并且粘合可靠的层压包装材料，根据本发明的一个特别优选的实施方案，如上所提及的卷纸上的聚乙烯涂层，使用在挤出温度(Te)下挤出的聚乙烯膜，该温度明显高于挤出的聚乙烯正常的熔化温度(Tm)。根据本发明所做的实验惊奇地表明，不同温度下挤出的聚乙烯膜表现出不同的表面活化处理灵敏性，并且与其它不太相容的塑料粘结或粘合时有不同的粘结强度，尤其已证明如果聚乙烯膜在高于某种所谓的折点温度(明显比聚乙烯正常熔化温度高)下挤出，粘结强度也提高。聚乙烯的确切的折点温度在某种程度上取决于其质量，而且不同质量的聚乙烯折点温度也不同，但本领域的熟练技术人员可以通过很简单的实验确定每种对应质量的聚乙烯的折点温度。
根据本发明的另一个优选的实施方案，将卷材结合在一起并使其牵引通过两个表面硬度不同的旋转压辊之间的辊隙，将其中一个(最好是相对较软的压辊)安装成可以相对于较硬压辊作移动，以便当卷材通过辊隙时可以在两辊之间调整适当的辊隙(压力)。根据本发明再次进行的实验惊奇地表明：如果压辊安装成使辊之间的辊隙在卷材长度方向有一定的宽度或距离，这是基于使相对较硬的压辊压入较软压辊的表面而确定的，据此可降低或完全消除两卷材之间裹住的阻碍粘合的空气或水汽，因而获得好的层压效果。已证明性能非常好的辊的组合包括钢辊外有橡胶包裹的软辊，该软辊安装成可加压紧靠在由圆柱形钢轴构成的、外覆特氟隆(TeflonR)或其它不与塑料粘合的耐热材料的较硬辊上。根据本发明，通过为橡胶包裹钢的压辊提供特氟隆或其它有助于防止塑料粘着或粘附在压辊表面上的合适的耐热材料外涂层，将获得更多的优越性。
根据本发明的另一个实施方案，还可以使用一系列配置的几个辊隙来代替一个辊隙，使两粘合的卷材被牵引顺序通过这些辊隙。在这种情况下若每一对压辊的温度不同，且温度按压辊的顺序依次提高到最后一对压辊的温度达到要求的最后温度，则可获得生产工程的优点，而根据本发明若第一压辊对中较硬的那个压辊由一个和为所有压辊对所共用的同一压辊组成，而第一压辊对的较软压辊沿公用压辊的圆周分布，则可获得进一步的优越性。根据本发明的另一个实施方案，可以向每一压辊对中相对较硬的压辊供给热量并由它传递给通过的卷材。
下面参照附图关于本发明的详细描述显示了根据本发明方法的其它优点和有利的特征。在附图中：
图1图示了根据本发明一种实施方案来生产层压材料的原理。
图2图示了根据本发明另一个实施方案来生产层压材料的原理。
图3和图4图示了用本发明的方法生产的不同类型的层压材料的截面。
虽然本发明在下面的描述是特别关于层压包装材料的，从大范围来讲，不能认为本发明仅仅局限于根据其它许多可以用本发明方法来制造的可想象的层压材料中的一个例子所选出的这个实际应用。还应该认识到从下面说明书中特定选出的此类层压包装材料的组成同样可以包括其它许多可想象的替换组成的例子。为了避免可能的误解，应该说明在下面的说明书(包括权利要求书)中经常出现的表达短语“塑料卷材”是想表示不仅包括仅由塑料组成的单层卷材，而且也包括含有至少一层以适当方式施加在卷材一侧的塑料外层的多层卷材。
参考附图，图1图示了根据本发明的一种实施方案的方法生产结合完整的层压材料或层压包装材料10的原理，其中第一种塑料卷材10a和第二种塑料卷材10b被结合到一起，在同时加热和加压下永久性地粘合在一起而形成完好的层压包装材料10。
在图解的实施方案中，从局部放大的圆圈区域A中看出，10a卷材可以包括一层质量适用于包装目的的纸或纸板卷材的心层11，和一层涂在心层11一侧的热塑性外层12，最好是聚乙烯。从图中用箭头所指方向的一个储料卷盘(magzine reel)(图中未示出)中松下来的卷材1Oa，是根据现有技术、用挤压操作工艺(extrusionoperation)制成预制卷材，在该工艺过程中，所选的热塑性材料被挤压在纸或纸板11的一侧，形成热塑性外涂层12。根据本发明，当在远远高于热塑性塑料的正常熔化温度Tm的挤压温度Te下挤压的热塑性塑料时，证明有特殊的优点(如前面已经提到)。对于聚乙烯，挤压温度Te大约为280℃。
从放大的圆圈区域B中显示，在该实施例中第二种卷材10b包括一层预制的卷材状(web-like)的塑料膜。这层塑料膜的可使用塑料(可以涂覆印刷油墨)实例可是：PET、取向的PET、LDPE、HDPE、取向的HDPE、取向的LDPE、PP、OPP、EVOH等。此外，第二种卷材ob可以包括多层层压层，它的上述的塑料膜固定下来作为这些层压层(图中未示出)的外层。第二种卷材10b也可以包括塑料以外的其它材料层，例如铝(铝箔)，氧化硅(SiOx薄膜)等。第二种卷材10b的组成的选择是由层压包装材料10的应用领域来决定的，即由层压包装材料10制成的外包装的用途来决定的。如果层压包装材料10是用来包装对氧气敏感的产品例如：果汁、酒、烹调油等，第二种卷材10b最好包含氧气阻隔性能好的材料，例如EVOH，它还可使外包装对产品中存在的挥发物质例如香精油等有良好的阻隔性能。一种包含EVOH塑料层的层压包装材料10具有优越的被称为“不可代替”(non-scalping)的性能，使这种层压包装材料能突出地用于长期储存柠檬汁的外包装。
在图1中，第一种卷材10a被牵引通过第一个弯曲辊(bendingroller)13到达对第一种卷材10a的热塑性外涂层12进行表面活化处理的操作站14。在操作站14处，它包括一个旋转电极鼓15，接地的至少部分环绕电极鼓15的圆周的隔离屏16，并在其与电极鼓15之间确定通道17，卷材10a被牵引与电极鼓15的外圆周接触着通过该通道。在电极鼓15和隔离屏16之间的通道17中产生一个高频电场，卷材10a被牵引通过该场将热塑性外涂层12进行增粘表面活化处理。
离开操作站14，表面活化处理过的卷材10a被牵引通过另一个弯曲辊18到达旋转压辊20和21之间的辊隙19，与同时从另一个储料卷盘22上松下来的卷材10b粘合在一起。以与第一种卷材10a相同的方式，第二种卷材10′a也被牵引通过一个操作站23对第二种卷材中的塑料进行表面活化处理。与操作站14相类似，操作站23也包括一个电极鼓24和一个至少部分围绕电极鼓24圆周的隔离屏25，并定义隔离屏25和电极鼓24之间可供第二种卷材通过的部分为通道26。同样在这种情况下，在通道26中产生一个高频电场，卷材10b的塑料通过该电场使表面活化以增强粘合力。
离开操作站23，表面活化处理过的卷材10b被牵引通过另一个弯曲辊27到达压辊20和21之间的辊隙19与第一种卷材10a结合，并让其表面活化处理过的塑料表面对着第一种卷材10a表面活化处理过的热塑性涂层12，结合的卷材10a和10b通过压辊20和21之间的辊隙，被同时加热和加压，使两种卷材紧压在一起形成整体的层压包装材料10，层压包装材料10从压辊21的圆周通过一个邻贴压辊21安装的送出辊28松开。
在操作站14和23进行的表面活化处理最好采用电晕处理，尽管其它类似的为本领域技术人员通用和了解的表面处理例如等离子体处理、火焰处理的也是可行的。
如前面已经提到的，两个压辊20和21最好相互之间有不同的表面硬度，图示的较小的压辊20最好是两个压辊中相对较软的辊。压辊20装配成可以对压辊21作相对移动以便调整合适的辊隙，而较大的压辊21(相对较硬)则固定不动。
如早在前面提到的，相对较硬的压辊21可以由钢组成，而相对较软的压辊20可以包括一个圆柱形的钢核心轴，其外面包覆一层表面硬度比钢核心轴低的橡胶包壳。相对较硬的压辊21最好有一层特氟隆的外涂层以避免粘结和粘附。
图2图示了根据本发明另一实施方案的方法来生产层压材料或层压包装材料。根据图2的方法与上述的根据图1的方法相类似，为了清晰起见，对于类似或对应的部件和细节采用一样的图标，只是在图2的图标中加了一个撇号。
图2所示的方法与上述图1所示方法主要在将第一种卷材10a和第二种卷材10b在图示的压辊组20′和21′处结合起来的方式上存在不同，在图2中，它分别包括三个独立的压辊对20′、21′和辊隙19′，粘合的卷材顺序通过这三对压辊的辊隙形成结合完整的层压包装材料10′。结果，如图所示，压辊组20′和21′包括第一压辊对20′、21′，第二压辊对20′、21′和第三压辊对20′、21′，在每一独立的压辊对中的压辊21′优选由一个并且为所有压辊对共用的同一压辊组成，而每一独立的压辊对中的压辊20′则沿共用压辊21′的圆周分布。在这个实施方案中，图示每压辊对20′、21′中较小的压辊20′装配成可对图中较大压辊21′作相对移动以便调整合适的加压辊隙(压力)。压辊20′和21′最好有不同的表面硬度，小的压辊20′在两个压辊中硬度较小，而较大的压辊21′相对较硬。
辊隙19′最好保持相对不同的温度T1、T2和T3，其温度随着卷材长度方向增加，即T1＜T2＜T3。每一个独立的较小压辊20′最好包括一个圆柱形的钢核心轴，其外有一层橡胶包壳；而公用的较大压辊21′，如同图1中的压辊21，包括一个圆柱形的不锈钢核心轴，为了避免粘结和粘附，压辊21′可以有一层特氟隆外涂层。
根据本发明的方法可以生产图3和图4中示意的不同类型的层压包装材料。
图3表示了用于制作立体结构稳定的外包装的层压包装材料30的实施例，包括具有适当包装质量的纸或纸板的心层31，挤压的热塑性层32和前述类型的阻隔材料的外层33，它已经使用本发明方法被施加在热塑性层32上并永久地与热塑性涂层32粘合在一起。
图4表示了一种用于袋状类型的柔性外包装的层压包装材料40的实施例，包括第一塑料层41和用本发明方法已经与第一塑料层41永久地粘合在一起的第二塑料层42。每一单独的塑料层41和42的材料可以是前面提到过的类型的聚合物。在另一个实施方案中，层压包装材料40在图示的两个外层塑料层41和42之间还可以有一层或多层(图中未示出)塑料或其它材料层，例如铝(铝箔)或氧化硅(SiOx)。
在结束时，还应该再强调一下，上述主要参考附图而描述的本发明，不仅仅局限于描述的实施方案和图示的实例，对本领域熟练技术人员显而易见的一些改变和替换在不脱离本发明的精神和在权利要求书中公开的发明原理的范围的前提下是可能的。

Claims (9)

1．一种生产层压包装材料的方法，其中为了增强粘合力将第一种塑料卷材(10a,10′a)和第二种塑料卷材(10b,10′b)进行表面活化处理，再在同时加热和加压下，将它们结合起来并让它们相互永久性地粘合起来，其特征在于：所述卷材(10a,10′a,10b,10′b)的至少一种选自预制的挤出卷材，该挤出卷材是在挤出温度Te下挤出的，所述挤出温度Te明显高于被挤出塑料的正常熔化温度Tm。
2．如权利要求1所要求的方法，其特征在于卷材(10a,10b,10′a,10′b)是用电晕处理和/或臭氧进行表面活化处理的。
3．如权利要求1所要求的方法，其特征在于卷材(10a,10b,10′a,10′b)被相互结合并一起被牵引通过一对或多对具有不同表面硬度的旋转压辊(20；21；20′；21′)之间的辊隙，每一压辊对相对较软的压辊(20；20′)被加压紧靠住相对较硬的压辊(21；21′)，并且每个辊隙保持不同的温度(T1、T2、T3)，随卷材运动的方向温度逐渐升高，即T1＜T2＜T3。
4．如权利要求3所要求的方法，其特征在于每一压辊对(20；21；20′；21′)中相对较硬的压辊(21；21′)由一个和为所有压辊对共用的同一压辊组成，每一压辊对中相对较软的压辊(20；20′)沿共用压辊(21′)的圆周分布。
5．如权利要求3或4所要求的方法，其特征在于向每一压辊对中相对较硬的压辊(21；21′)供给热量并由它传递给通过的卷材(10a,10b,10′a,10′b)。
6．如权利要求4所要求的方法，其特征在于每一压辊对中相对较硬的压辊(21；21′)包括一个圆柱形的不锈钢辊，而相对较软的压辊(20,20′)包括一个圆柱形的钢核心轴，其外有一层橡胶包壳。
7．如权利要求5所要求的方法，其特征在于每一压辊对中相对较硬的压辊(21；21′)包括一个圆柱形的不锈钢辊，而相对较软的压辊(20,20′)包括一个圆柱形的钢核心轴，其外有一层橡胶包壳。
8．如权利要求7所要求的方法，其特征在于每一压辊对中相对较硬的压辊(21,21′)和/或相对较软的压辊(20；20′)有特氟隆或不与第二种卷材(10′b)中的塑料粘结的其它耐热材料的外涂层。
9．如权利要求1或2所要求的方法，其特征在于第一种卷材(10a；10′a)有一层聚乙烯外涂层(12；12′)；第二种卷材(10b；10′b)包括或包含基本上选自PET，取向的PET,LDPE,HDPE,取向的HDPE，取向的LDPE,PP,OPP,EVOH的塑料膜。
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