CN106798910A - 一种治疗痛经的药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种治疗痛经的药物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106798910A
CN106798910A CN201710172339.3A CN201710172339A CN106798910A CN 106798910 A CN106798910 A CN 106798910A CN 201710172339 A CN201710172339 A CN 201710172339A CN 106798910 A CN106798910 A CN 106798910A
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fruit
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杨阳
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种治疗痛经的药物及其制备方法,其主要是由当归、川楝子、延胡索、小茴香、川芎、乌药、益母草、白术、青皮、炮姜、熟地黄、甘草、仙茅、菟丝子、枸杞子、车前草、覆盆子、五味子、牛膝按一定重量配比制备而成,本发明药物具有补血活血,调经止痛,活血散瘀,理气止痛,行气开郁的功能,用于治疗痛经见效快、疗效好,不复发。

Description

一种治疗痛经的药物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗痛经的药物及其制备方法,属中药领域。
背景技术
痛经是最常见的妇科症状之一,指行经前后或月经期出现下腹部疼痛、坠胀,伴有腰酸或其他不适,症状严重影响生活质量者。痛经分为原发性痛经和继发性两类,原发性痛经指生殖器官无器质性病变的痛经,占痛经90%以上;继发性痛经指由盆腔器质性疾病引起的痛经。由于西药治疗副作用大,因此人们对有效治疗痛经的中药药物存在极大的需求,至今为止,还没有发现关于本发明的有关报道。
发明内容
本发明人依据中医理论的研究和临床试验的反复验证,终于找到了有效治疗痛经的药物,从而完成了本发明。
本发明的目的就是提供一种有效治疗痛经的中药组合药物。
本发明的另一目的就是提供了该中药组合药物的制备方法。
本发明药物是选择当归、川楝子、延胡索、小茴香、川芎、乌药、益母草、白术、青皮、炮姜、熟地黄、甘草、仙茅、菟丝子、枸杞子、车前草、覆盆子、五味子、牛膝、白芍、桃仁、红花、大黄进行组合制备的,将这些药物组合使得各药物功效产生协同作用,从而能够有效治疗痛经。其中选用当归是因为其性味甘辛,温,入心、肝、脾经,有补血活血,调经止痛,润燥滑肠的功能,治月经不调,经闭腹痛,癥瘕结聚,崩漏,血虚头痛,眩晕,痿痹,肠燥难便,赤痢后重,痈疽疮疡,金疮,跌扑损伤。选用川楝子是因为其性味苦,寒,有毒,入肝、胃、小肠经,有降湿热,清肝火,止痛,杀虫的功能,治热厥心痛,胁痛,疝痛,虫积腹痛。选用延胡索是因为其性味辛苦,温,入肝、胃经,有活血,散瘀,理气,止痛的功能,治心腹腰膝诸痛,月经不调,癥瘕,崩中,产后血晕,恶露不尽,跌打损伤。选用小茴香是因为其性味辛,温,归肝、肾、脾、胃经,有散寒止痛,理气和胃的功能,治寒疝腹痛,睾丸偏坠,痛经,少腹冷痛,脘腹胀满,食少吐泻,睾丸鞘膜积液。选用川芎是因为其性味辛,温,入肝、胆经,有行气开郁,祛风燥湿,活血止痛的功能,治风冷头痛旋晕,胁痛腹疼,寒痹筋挛,经闭,难产,产后瘀阻块痛,痈疽疮疡。选用乌药是因为其性味辛,温,入脾、肺、肾、膀胱经,有顺气,开郁,散寒,止痛的功能,治气逆胸腹胀痛,宿食不满,反胃吐食,寒疝,脚气,小便频数。选用益母草是因为其性味辛苦,凉,入心包、肝经,有活血,祛瘀,调经,消水的功能,治月经不调,治漏难产,胞衣不下,产后血晕,瘀血腹痛,崩中漏下,尿血,泻血,痈肿疮疡。选用白术是因为其性味苦甘,温,入脾、胃经,有补脾,益胃,燥湿,和中的功能,治脾胃气弱,不思饮食,倦怠少气,虚胀,泄泻,痰饮,水肿,黄疸,湿痹,小便不利,头晕,自汗,胎气不安。选用青皮是因为其性味苦辛,微温,入肝、胆经,有疏肝破气,散结消痰的功能,治胸胁胃脘疼痛,疝气,食积,乳肿,乳核,久疟癖块。选用炮姜是因为其性味辛,热,归脾、胃、肾、心、肺经,有温中散寒,温经止血的功能,治脾胃虚寒,腹痛吐泻,吐衄崩漏,阳虚失血。选用熟地黄是因为其性味甘,微温,入肝、肾经,有滋阴,补血的功能,治阴虚血少,腰膝痿弱,劳嗽骨蒸,遗精,崩漏,月经不调,消渴,溲数,耳聋,目昏。选用甘草是因为其性味甘,平,入脾、胃、肺经,有和中缓急,润肺,解毒,调和诸药的功能,炙用,治脾胃虚弱,食少,腹痛便溏,劳倦发热,肺痿咳嗽,心悸,惊癎;生用,治咽喉肿痛,消化性溃疡,痈疽疮疡,解药毒及食物中毒。选用仙茅是因为其性味辛,温,有毒,入肾、肝经,有温肾阳,壮筋骨的功能,治阳萎精冷,小便失禁,崩漏,心腹冷痛,腰脚冷痹,痈疽,瘰疬。选用菟丝子是因为其性味辛甘,平,入肝、肾经,有补肝肾,益精髓,明目的功能,治腰膝酸痛,遗精,消渴,尿有余沥,目暗。选用枸杞子是因为其性味甘,平,有滋肾,润肺,补肝,明目的功能,治肝肾阴亏,腰膝酸软,头晕目眩,目昏多泪,虚劳咳嗽,消渴,遗精。选用车前草是因为其性味甘,寒,入肝、脾二经,有利水,清热,明目,祛痰的功能,治小便不通,淋浊,带下,尿血,黄疸,水肿,热痢,泄泻,鼻衄,目赤肿痛,喉痹乳蛾,咳嗽,皮肤溃疡。选用覆盆子是因为其性味甘,酸,平,入肝、肾二经,有补肝肾,缩小便,助阳,固精,明目的功能,治阳痿,遗精,溲数,遗溺,虚劳,目暗。选用五味子是因为其性味酸,温,入肺、肾经,有敛肺,滋肾,生津,收汗,涩精的功能,治肺虚喘咳,口干作渴,自汗,盗汗,劳伤羸瘦,梦遗滑精,久泻久痢。选用牛膝是因为其性味甘苦酸,平,入肝、肾经,生用散瘀血,消痈肿的功能,治淋病,尿血,经闭,癥瘕,难产,胞衣不下,产后瘀血腹痛,喉痹,痈肿,跌打损伤,熟用补肝肾,强筋骨,治腰膝骨痛,四肢拘挛,痿痹。选用白芍是因为其性味苦酸,凉,入肝、脾经,有养血柔肝,缓中止痛,敛阴收汗的功能,治胸腹胁肋疼痛,泻痢腹痛,自汗盗汗,阴虚发热,月经不调,崩漏,带下。选用桃仁是因为其性味苦甘,平,入心、肝、大肠经,有破血行瘀,润燥滑经的功能,治经闭,癥瘕,热病蓄血,血痹,疟疾,跌打损伤,瘀血肿痛,血燥便秘。选用红花是因为其性味辛,温,入心、肝经,有活血通经,去瘀止痛的功能,治经闭,癥瘕,难产,死胎,产后恶露不行,瘀血作痛,痈肿,跌扑损伤。选用大黄是因为其性味苦、寒,入胃、大肠、肝径,有泻热毒,破积滞,行瘀血的功能,治实热便秘,谵语发狂,食积痞满,痢疾初起,里急后重,瘀停经闭,癥瘕积聚,时行热疫,暴眼赤痛,吐血,衄血,阳黄,水肿,淋浊,溲赤,痈疡肿毒,疔疮,汤火伤。
具体实施方式
本发明组分的药物用量也是发明人经过大量摸索总结得出的,各组分的用量在下述重量范围内都具有较好的疗效:
当归5-15克,川楝子5-15克,延胡索5-15克,小茴香5-15克,川芎4-8克,乌药4-8克,益母草25-35克,白术25-35克,青皮5-15克,炮姜4-8克,熟地黄10-20克,甘草4-8克,仙茅5-15克,菟丝子5-15克,枸杞子5-15克,车前草4-8克,覆盆子5-15克,五味子5-15克,牛膝5-15克,白芍15-18克,桃仁5-15克,红花5-15克,大黄5-15克。
优选为:
当归10克,川楝子10克,延胡索10克,小茴香10克,川芎6克,乌药6克,益母草30克,白术30克,青皮10克,炮姜6克,熟地黄15克,甘草6克,仙茅10克,菟丝子10克,枸杞子10克,车前草6克,覆盆子10克,五味子10克,牛膝10克,白芍15克,桃仁10克,红花10克,大黄10克。
本发明药物的制备方法如下
一、备料
1、当归:拣去杂质,洗净,闷润,稍晾至内外湿度适宜时,切片晒干;
2、川楝子:拣去杂质,洗净,烘干,轧碎或劈成两半;
3、延胡索:拣去杂质,用水浸泡,洗净,晒晾,润至内外湿度均匀,切片或打碎;
4、小茴香:取原药材,除去杂质;
5、川芎:拣去杂质,分开大、小个,用水浸泡,晒晾,闷润后切片,干燥;
6、乌药:拣去杂质,分开大小条,用水泡透,根据季节注意换水,防止发臭,及时捞出切片,筛去灰屑;
7、益母草:拣去杂质,洗净,润透,切段,晒干;
8、白术:拣净杂质,用水浸泡,泡后捞出,润透,切片,晒干;
9、青皮:拣净杂质,用水浸泡,捞出,润透,切片,晒干;
10、炮姜:取干姜片或片,炒至鼓起,表面棕褐色;
11、熟地黄:选干净熟地黄即可;
12、甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用水浸泡至八成透时,捞出,润透切片,晒干;
13、仙茅:取净仙茅用黄酒拌匀,润透后,置锅内微炒至干,取出,晾干,每仙茅100斤,用黄酒10—20斤;
14、菟丝子:过箩去净杂质,洗净,晒干;
15、枸杞子:簸净杂质,摘去残留的梗和蒂;
16、车前草:去尽泥土,晒干;
17、覆盆子:筛去灰屑,拣净杂质,去柄;
18、五味子:筛去灰屑,除去杂质,置蒸笼内蒸透,取出晒干;
19、牛膝:拣去杂质,洗净,润软,去芦,切段,晒干;
20、白芍:拣去杂质,分开大小个,用水浸泡至八成透,捞出,晒晾,润至内外湿度均匀,切片,干燥;
21、桃仁:除去硬壳杂质,置沸水锅中煮至外皮微皱,捞出,浸入凉水中,搓去种皮,晒干,簸净;
22、红花:拣净杂质,除去茎叶、蒂头,晒干;
23、大黄:拣净杂质,大小分档,闷润至内外湿度均匀,切片或切成小块、晒干。
二、制备
1、将所述重量的当归、川楝子、延胡索、小茴香、川芎、乌药、益母草、白术、青皮、炮姜、熟地黄、甘草、仙茅、菟丝子、枸杞子、车前草、覆盆子、五味子、牛膝、白芍、桃仁、红花、大黄放入煎药容器内,加水6倍量,浸泡120分钟后,武火煎煮沸腾,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第一次煎煮液,将第一次煎煮液倒入容器内;
2、将过滤的药渣加水4倍量,武火煮沸,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第二次煎煮液;
3、将两次煎煮液混合搅拌均匀,分为2剂服用。
组方中当归有补血活血,调经止痛,润燥滑肠的功能为君药;延胡索有活血,散瘀,理气,止痛的功能;川芎有行气开郁,祛风燥湿,活血止痛的功能,二者为臣药,三味药共同发挥补血活血,调经止痛,活血散瘀,理气止痛,行气开郁的作用,治疗痛经效力全面,且以补血活血,调经止痛,活血散瘀为主可治本,益母草有活血,祛瘀,调经,消水的功能为佐药,炮姜有温中散寒,温经止血的功能为使药,与下余诸药是治标。
本发明药物具有补血活血,调经止痛,活血散瘀,理气止痛,行气开郁的功能,用于治疗痛经,疗程短、见效快、治愈后不复发。
以下通过试验例来进一步阐述本发明所述药物的有益效果,这些试验例包括本发明药物的动物毒性试验报告和临床疗效观察资料。
[试验例1]本发明药物的动物毒性试验报告:
取家兔30只,雌雄兼用,体重2.0—2.5kg,分两组,每组15只,其中一组为超剂量试验组,另一组为正常量试验组。超常量组为20ml/kg,正常量为10ml/kg,给药方式为灌胃法给药,每天两次,连服7天,每天观察给药反应,结果表明二组家兔活动、饮食正常,药物无不良毒副作用。
[试验例2]本发明药物的临床疗效观察
1、一般资料
收治痛经门诊患者共39例。
2、诊断标准
典型症状为月经来潮后开始,最早出现在经前12小时,以行经第1日疼痛最剧烈,持续2~3日后缓解。疼痛常呈痉挛性,位于下腹部耻骨上,可放射至腰骶部和大腿内侧。可伴有恶心、呕吐、腹泻、头晕、乏力等症状,严重时面色发白、出冷汗。
3、治疗方法
选用上述药剂,给患者服用,每次服用1剂,每天早、晚各服1次,10天为一个疗程,连续服用3个疗程。
4、疗效评定标准
显效:痛经症状消失,恢复正常,痊愈;
好转:痛经症状明显好转,恶心、呕吐、腹泻、头晕症状减轻,逐步恢复正常;
无效:达不到好转标准者。
5、治疗结果(见下表)
在上述治疗中,用本发明药物治疗痛经患者39例,结果显效32例,显效率为82.1%,好转5例,好转率为12.8%,无效2例,总有效率为94.9%。

Claims (3)

1.一种治疗痛经的药物,其特征在于:它是由下列重量范围内的原料药制成:
当归5-15克,川楝子5-15克,延胡索5-15克,小茴香5-15克,川芎4-8克,乌药4-8克,益母草25-35克,白术25-35克,青皮5-15克,炮姜4-8克,熟地黄10-20克,甘草4-8克,仙茅5-15克,菟丝子5-15克,枸杞子5-15克,车前草4-8克,覆盆子5-15克,五味子5-15克,牛膝5-15克,白芍15-18克,桃仁5-15克,红花5-15克,大黄5-15克。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物,其中各原料药的用量为:
当归10克,川楝子10克,延胡索10克,小茴香10克,川芎6克,乌药6克,益母草30克,白术30克,青皮10克,炮姜6克,熟地黄15克,甘草6克,仙茅10克,菟丝子10克,枸杞子10克,车前草6克,覆盆子10克,五味子10克,牛膝10克,白芍15克,桃仁10克,红花10克,大黄10克。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述药物的制备方法,它包括下列步骤:
(一)备料
(1)当归:拣去杂质,洗净,闷润,稍晾至内外湿度适宜时,切片晒干;
(2)川楝子:拣去杂质,洗净,烘干,轧碎或劈成两半;
(3)延胡索:拣去杂质,用水浸泡,洗净,晒晾,润至内外湿度均匀,切片或打碎;
(4)小茴香:取原药材,除去杂质;
(5)川芎:拣去杂质,分开大、小个,用水浸泡,晒晾,闷润后切片,干燥;
(6)乌药:拣去杂质,分开大小条,用水泡透,根据季节注意换水,防止发臭,及时捞出切片,筛去灰屑;
(7)益母草:拣去杂质,洗净,润透,切段,晒干;
(8)白术:拣净杂质,用水浸泡,泡后捞出,润透,切片,晒干;
(9)青皮:拣净杂质,用水浸泡,捞出,润透,切片,晒干;
(10)炮姜:取干姜片或片,炒至鼓起,表面棕褐色;
(11)熟地黄:选干净熟地黄即可;
(12)甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用水浸泡至八成透时,捞出,润透切片,晒干;
(13)仙茅:取净仙茅用黄酒拌匀,润透后,置锅内微炒至干,取出,晾干,每仙茅100斤,用黄酒10—20斤;
(14)菟丝子:过箩去净杂质,洗净,晒干;
(15)枸杞子:簸净杂质,摘去残留的梗和蒂;
(16)车前草:去尽泥土,晒干;
(17)覆盆子:筛去灰屑,拣净杂质,去柄;
(18)五味子:筛去灰屑,除去杂质,置蒸笼内蒸透,取出晒干;
(19)牛膝:拣去杂质,洗净,润软,去芦,切段,晒干;
(20)白芍:拣去杂质,分开大小个,用水浸泡至八成透,捞出,晒晾,润至内外湿度均匀,切片,干燥;
(21)桃仁:除去硬壳杂质,置沸水锅中煮至外皮微皱,捞出,浸入凉水中,搓去种皮,晒干,簸净;
(22)红花:拣净杂质,除去茎叶、蒂头,晒干;
(23)大黄:拣净杂质,大小分档,闷润至内外湿度均匀,切片或切成小块、晒干;
(二)制备
(1)将所述重量的当归、川楝子、延胡索、小茴香、川芎、乌药、益母草、白术、青皮、炮姜、熟地黄、甘草、仙茅、菟丝子、枸杞子、车前草、覆盆子、五味子、牛膝、白芍、桃仁、红花、大黄放入煎药容器内,加水6倍量,浸泡120分钟后,武火煎煮沸腾,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第一次煎煮液,将第一次煎煮液倒入容器内;
(2)将过滤的药渣加水4倍量,武火煮沸,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第二次煎煮液;
(3)将两次煎煮液混合搅拌均匀,分为2剂服用。
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