CN106754925B - 一种脱落酸快速诱导启动子及其应用 - Google Patents
一种脱落酸快速诱导启动子及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于基因工程技术领域,具体公开了一个受脱落酸(ABA)快速诱导的水稻启动子pOsAPM1。该启动子包含OsAPM1基因起始密码子前2152个碱基的序列,具体为SEQ ID NO.1所示。该启动子可用于驱动外源基因在气孔及维管组织中特异性表达;还可以用于构建报告系统来指示体内ABA激素水平和分布状况。该启动子在科研和农业生产上均具有重要的应用价值,为水稻或其他粮食作物应对非生物胁迫如干旱、高盐等的基因工程育种提供了定向表达基因的工具,同时也可用于科研上指示体内ABA水平。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于基因工程技术领域,具体涉及一个水稻OsAPM1基因启动子及其应用,包括该水稻OsAPM1基因启动子的克隆和活性分析,以及在植物转基因工程技术和植物非生物胁迫以及ABA激素研究领域的应用。
背景技术
水稻是我国乃至全球最重要的粮食作物之一,在我国水稻的种植面积约占粮食作物面积的30%,产量接近粮食总产量的一半,而且我国人口2/3以上以水稻为主粮。转基因技术是未来改造粮食作物抗逆性、增加粮食作物产量的关键技术,对此,我国政府给予了大力的支持,在2008年,我国启动了转基因生物新品种培育科技重大专项;2009年,国家将农作物育种列入国家战略性新兴产业规划,因此基因工程技术必将在我国得到较大的发展。启动子是调控基因表达水平的重要调控序列,在利用转基因技术改良和培育水稻新品种中发挥不可或缺的作用。在干旱、高盐等胁迫状态下,通过启动子驱动一些加快气孔关闭、增强根系活力的基因表达,可以改善逆境下水稻的生长状态,对于提高水稻的成活率以及改善逆境下的作物产量具有非常重要和直接的意义。实现这项技术的前提是发掘一批在逆境胁迫下具有特异活性的调控元件,也就是说寻找那些表达特征具有组织特异性的启动子,以此作为转基因工程载体构建的调控元件。研究发现,基因表达的时空特异性对植物的生长发育具有重要的影响,如果耐逆相关基因在正常生长条件下组成性表达,势必会影响植物的生长状况,比如会导致植物生长缓慢、发育迟缓等,因此,研究和探索时空特异性、胁迫诱导特异性的启动子非常重要。胁迫诱导型启动子,仅驱动目的基因在特定的胁迫诱导下在特定的组织中高表达,在基因工程技术中具有广阔的应用前景。
植物与动物不一样,由于其定殖性,不能通过移动来逃避不利环境,因此在自然界长期的选择压力下它们获得了较强的耐受环境胁迫的能力。当胁迫刺激植物时,植物体内会接收、传递这些胁迫信号,诱发出多种响应机制,达到应对胁迫的目的。目前已经有大量的研究表明脱落酸(Abscisic acid, ABA)是一种重要的非生物胁迫激素,在植物应对外界干旱、高盐、低温等非生物胁迫时作为信号分子,诱发一系列生理、生化、发育水平的变化,以利于植物适应这些不利环境。有研究表明,在植物遭受干旱、高盐等胁迫时,植物体内的ABA浓度会上升,ABA与细胞膜上的受体PYR\PYL\RCARs结合,在PP2Cs类蛋白磷酸酶以及SnRK2类蛋白激酶的作用下,通过调控下游相关基因的表达,从而调控气孔开度、增加根系活力等,从而实现抵御干旱、高盐等非生物胁迫,减少胁迫对植物生长、发育等的影响。因此,探索更多ABA特异诱导的诱导型启动子,应用这些启动子驱动目的基因特异地在干旱、高盐等逆境下高表达,对于利用转基因技术改良和培育农作物新品种、提高逆境条件下作物成活率以及产量具有非常重要的意义。
ABA激素对于植物正常发育过程以及抗非生物胁迫都非常重要,但是关于ABA水平的测定,目前还比较困难,通常研究人员通过高灵敏度的高压液相色谱相关技术或者利用ABA抗体进行ELISA分析来进行测定,但这两种技术均较为复杂,前者需要有昂贵的设备及配备分析领域的专业人员;后者则干扰因素较多。生长素的测定同样复杂,但关于生长素的研究,目前较为广泛的是使用报告载体。DR5启动子是一个生长素响应的启动子,DR5::GUS载体通过转基因到植物体内后,通过GUS染色就可得知体内生长素的分布和相对水平。相比于生长素,关于ABA目前还没有广泛使用的类似于DR5::GUS的报告载体,构建一个可用于指示体内ABA水平的报告载体非常必要。
AWPM-19-domain家族蛋白是一类植物特异的、受冷胁迫诱导的未知蛋白,目前对该类蛋白的研究甚少。本发明中涉及的OsAPM1基因属于该蛋白家族成员,我们分离了该基因的启动子,发现它具有高度的组织特异性,可以驱动报告基因特异性表达于水稻气孔、维管组织及成熟胚中,这些部位与体内ABA的存在部位及作用位点高度相关。另外,该基因的表达水平也与ABA水平呈现正相关。在干旱、高盐等非生物胁迫条件下,该启动子在这些组织中的活性明显增强。该启动子在抗逆性育种的基因工程技术上具有非常大的应用前景,在科研上也具有可用于指示体内ABA水平的潜力 。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有高度组织特异性的源于水稻OsAPM1基因的启动子,及其该启动子的应用,包括该启动子序列的克隆、植物转基因载体的构建,该启动子在不同组织中驱动基因表达的活性分析,以及该启动子驱动的基因对各种非生物胁迫响应的分析。
本发明提供的启动子,是从水稻OsAPM1基因起始密码子上游克隆到的一段约2152bp大小的DNA序列,其核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO.1所示。
本发明还包括,利用SEQ ID NO.1序列构建的用于转基因的工程载体。
该启动子属于一种可受ABA诱导的组织特异性启动子,在植物转基因技术领域以及研究体内ABA激素作用领域具有重要应用价值。
本发明包括,利用SEQ ID NO.1序列作为脱落酸(ABA)快速诱导的诱导型启动子的应用,该启动子能够在ABA胁迫条件下增强目的基因在气孔及维管组织中表达。
本发明还包括,利用SEQ ID NO.1序列作为非生物胁迫诱导型启动子的应用,该启动子能够在干旱等非生物胁迫条件下增强目的基因在水稻中的表达水平。
本发明还还包括,利用SEQ ID NO.1序列构建用于指示体内ABA水平报告载体的应用,该启动子驱动的GUS信号强度与体内ABA水平相关。
具体来说,将该启动子构建在含有报告基因GUS (β-glucuronidase,编码葡萄糖醛酸酶) 的pCAMBIA1300载体中(图1),通过农杆菌介导的水稻转基因技术获得该重组载体的转基因阳性植株。取正常条件以及ABA等胁迫处理后的水稻各组织检测GUS活性,发现它所驱动的GUS报告基因在正常条件下只在水稻叶片气孔、根部的维管组织有较弱表达,成熟种子胚中有较强表达,与ABA的作用部位完全一致,而在其它组织中没有表达(图2)。而一旦经过ABA处理后,OsAPM1启动子驱动的GUS报告基因的表达水平就大幅度提高,而且更加集中在叶片气孔以及根、茎的维管组织中(图3、图4)。该启动子驱动的OsAPM1基因在体内仅受ABA激素的高度诱导而不受其它多种激素的影响(图5),是一个特异性非常强的启动子。此外,经干旱、高盐等非生物胁迫处理后,水稻叶片中经OsAPM1启动子驱动的GUS报告基因的表达水平也大幅度提高(图6,图7),由于干旱、高盐这些非生物胁迫会诱导植物体内ABA含量上升,间接说明OsAPM1启动子活性受ABA诱导。
利用pOsAPM1驱动目的基因特异性地表达于叶片气孔、维管组织,以及pOsAPM1启动子活性受ABA快速大幅度诱导的特征,可以将基因OsAPM1的启动子序列克隆到基因工程载体,利用它驱动下游的特定基因在ABA相关的非生物胁迫逆境中表达。
另外,在正常情况以及逆境处理下,OsAPM1启动子活性均与ABA激素水平相关,因此OsAPM1启动子驱动的报告基因活性可用于指示体内ABA的水平及分布。
由上可见,本发明提供的OsAPM1启动子在科研和农业生产上均具有重要的应用价值,为水稻或其他粮食作物应对非生物胁迫如干旱、高盐等的基因工程育种提供了定向表达基因的工具,同时也可用于科研上指示体内ABA水平。
附图说明
图1 OsAPM1基因启动子的载体构建示意图。A. 所采用的pCAMBIA1300载体的图谱;B. 基因OsAPM1的DNA序列结构示意图;C. 将基因OsAPM1启动子连入pCAMBIA1300载体的载体构建示意图。
图2正常条件下pOsAPM1::GUS转基因水稻各组织中GUS的表达情况。A. 生长14天水稻叶,B、C. 生长14天水稻根,D、E. 为A图气孔的放大图, F. 生殖生长期水稻的剑叶,G.生殖生长期水稻的叶耳,H. 生殖生长期水稻的茎,I. 为H图茎的横切面,J. 生殖生长期水稻的花,K. 水稻成熟的种子A、B、C、F、G、H、I、J、K,比例尺= 1 mm,D、E,比例尺= 50 μm。
图3 50μM ABA胁迫处理后pOsAPM1::GUS转基因水稻各组织中GUS的表达情况。A.ABA处理后生长了14天的水稻叶,B、C. ABA处理后生长14天水稻根,D、E. 为A图气孔的放大图, F. ABA处理后生殖生长期水稻的剑叶,G. ABA处理后生殖生长期水稻的叶耳,H. ABA处理后生殖生长期水稻的茎,I. 为H图茎的横切面,J. ABA处理后生殖生长期水稻的花。A、B、C、F、G、H、I、J,比例尺= 1 mm,D、E,比例尺= 50 μm。
图4用脱落酸(ABA)处理不同时间后水稻幼苗叶、根中OsAPM1表达水平变化。
图5各种植物激素处理水稻幼苗后OsAPM1基因的表达水平变化。OsAPM1基因仅受ABA的大幅度诱导。
图6 各种非生物胁迫处理条件下水稻幼苗叶、根中基因OsAPM1的表达水平。OsAPM1受ABA参与调控的非生物逆境的诱导。
图7 PEG、NaCl胁迫处理后pOsAPM1::GUS转基因水稻叶片中GUS的表达情况。胁迫处理后GUS信号增强。图中比例尺= 1 mm。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐明本发明。应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下面实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法通常按照常规条件,即Sambrook等著的《分子克隆》实验手册中所叙述的条件,或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。
实施例1 转基因载体构建及转基因株系获得
以CTAB法提取水稻基因组DNA,通过PCR技术扩增pOsAPM1启动子,所用的引物位点如SEQ ID NO.1中下划线序列所示,上游引物引入Hind III酶切位点及保护碱基,下游引物引入BamH I酶切位点及保护碱基。酶切后的扩增产物在T4连接酶作用下连入终载体pCAMBIA1300中,获得连接正确的质粒,然后转入农杆菌EHA105中,通过菌落PCR筛选启动子片段存在的阳性农杆菌菌落。
将筛选得到的阳性菌落,通过农杆菌介导的转基因技术,以水稻日本晴为背景,获得转基因株系,将潮霉素阳性的株系种植于大田,获得下一代的种子。
实施例2 农杆菌介导法进行水稻转基因
A.诱导愈伤组织
选取成熟饱满的水稻日本晴种子,去除内外颖后,用70%乙醇消毒2min,用纯净水洗5次,然后加入50%的巴氏消毒溶液,在100rpm转速下消毒25min。用灭菌水洗7-8次后将愈伤在吸水纸上吹干,然后放置在N6D培养基上,2胚朝下并接触培养基,在28℃、黑暗条件下培养25天。
B.继代培养
将愈伤在干净滤纸上晾干后转移至N6D继代培养基上,在28℃、黑暗条件下培养7天。
C.前培养
将继代培养结束的愈伤转移至前培养基上,在28℃、黑暗条件下培养3天。
D.农杆菌EHA105的培养
将所构的含启动子片段载体的农杆菌菌液涂布在三抗的DYT平板(链霉素、利福平和卡那霉素)上,28℃、黑暗条件下培养约36小时。
E.侵染与共培养
1)将前培养后的愈伤在无菌滤纸上晾干,并集中转移至平板中;
2)取灭菌小勺刮取步骤D培养好的农杆菌4勺于感染用的液体培养基中,搅拌至悬浮均匀,使OD600约为0.5;
3)将愈伤转至离心管中,轻轻上下翻转混匀,静置20min;
4)菌液倒出后将愈伤放置在无菌滤纸上吹干(约1.5小时),吹干后将愈伤放置在共培养固体培养基上,20℃、黑暗条件下培养2天。
F.除菌
1)将共培养结束的愈伤转移至50mL的离心管中,用无菌水清洗3次以上,直至液体比较清亮;
2)倒出无菌水,用含有500mg/L头孢霉素的N6D液体培养基清洗4次,每次100rpm,15min,然后将愈伤倒在干净无菌的滤纸上吹干;
3)将干燥的愈伤转移至除菌固体培养基上,在28℃、黑暗条件下培养7天。
G.筛选
将愈伤转移至筛选培养基(N6D+50mg/L潮霉素B+250mg/L头孢霉素)上,在28℃、黑暗条件下培养,每18天可以更换一次培养基。每15~20天可以更换一次培养基,筛选时间不得少于45天。
H.分化
将经过筛选所得的新长出来的愈伤转移至分化培养基(MS+2mg/L 6-BA+0.2mg/LNAA+2mg/L KT+0.2mg/L IAA+ 50mg/L潮霉素+250mg/L头孢霉素)上,在28℃、光照条件下培养(16小时光照/8小时黑暗),直至分化出转基因苗,定期更换培养基。
I.生根
将分化出来的转基因苗(一般高于1cm),剥除多余的愈伤组织,剪去根(留约0.3cm)后,移至1/2MS培养基中生根。28℃,光培养(16小时光照/8小时黑暗),直至生根。
J.炼苗与移栽
生根结束后,除去生根培养基并将转基因水稻苗浸泡于水中进行炼苗,约三天左右,然后移栽入土中生长。
实施例3 GUS组织染色
将需要观察的各个组织取材后,浸于GUS染液 [29mM Na2HPO4,21.2mM NaH2PO4,2mM K3Fe(CN)6,2mM K4Fe(CN)6,1mg/ml X-Gluc,0.1% Triton X-100] 中,抽气30min后于37℃染色6小时至过夜,接着用无水乙醇脱色处理两天,期间换无水乙醇数次,最后用70%乙醇浸泡保存。在体视显微镜 (Leica S8APO) 下观察并拍照,其中气孔的观察和拍照采用正置显微镜(Nicon)。
实施例4 pOsAPM1::GUS转基因水稻各组织中GUS的表达情况
1. 正常生长条件下取材
将T1代的pOsAPM1::GUS转基因水稻种子萌发后在含25mg/L潮霉素的水中筛选三天,将阳性的pOsAPM1::GUS转基因水稻用木村B营养液培养,培养14天后取叶、根取材染色;培养至生殖生长期,然后取叶、叶耳、茎、花进行染色;同时将阳性的pOsAPM1::GUS转基因水稻种植于土壤直至种子成熟,将种子进行染色。
2. ABA胁迫处理条件下取材
将T1代的pOsAPM1::GUS转基因水稻种子萌发后在含25mg/L潮霉素的水中筛选三天,将阳性的pOsAPM1::GUS转基因水稻用木村B营养液培养,培养14天后将水稻苗用50μMABA处理12h,取叶、根取材染色;培养至生殖生长期,然后用50μM ABA处理24h,取叶、叶耳、茎、花进行染色。
3. 非生物胁迫处理条件下取材
将T1代的pOsAPM1::GUS转基因水稻种子萌发后在含25mg/L潮霉素的水中筛选三天,将阳性的pOsAPM1::GUS转基因水稻用木村B营养液培养,培养14天后将水稻苗用20%PEG营养液、200mM NaCl营养液处理12h,然后取叶片进行GUS染色。
实施例5 荧光定量实时反转录PCR检测
取需要测定表达量的水稻样品,按RNA提取试剂盒提供的试剂及方法(RNAisoplus,TaKaRa) 提取RNA,进行反转录 (PrimeScript RT regent Kit With gDNA Eraser,TaKaRa)。定量分析引物序列为:
目的基因OsAPM1定量PCR引物:
上游引物qOsAPM1-F:ACACACCGGCCAATCGAT (SEQ ID NO.2)
下游引物qOsAPM1-R:AGCGGGAAACACAAAGTGAAG (SEQ ID NO.3)
内参基因OsUBQ定量PCR引物:
上游引物qOsAPM1-F:CATGGACTGGTTAAATCAATCGTCA (SEQ ID NO.4)
下游引物qOsAPM1-R:TACCATATACCACGACCGTCAAAA (SEQ ID NO.5)
PCR 反应体系:
2 X SRBR Premix ExTaq 5μl
Primer-F 0.25μl
Primer-R 0.25μl
cDNA模板 2μl
ddH2O 2.5μ l
PCR 反应程序:
(1) 95℃ 预变性30s;
(2) 95℃ 变性5s,60℃退火延伸 30s,循环40次。
实施例6 水稻幼苗中OsAPM1表达水平鉴定
1. 各种植物激素处理后OsAPM1表达水平鉴定
将生长6天的水稻幼苗经过各种激素处理后提取整株幼苗的RNA,然后反转录成cDNA,以OsAPM1特异的引物通过荧光定量反转录PCR检测OsAPM1的表达水平。各种激素的处理如下所示:50 μM吲哚乙酸(IAA)处理12h, 50μM细胞分裂素(KT)处理12h, 50μM生长素(2,4-D)处理12h,这些激素溶解于水中,以水处理为对照; 50μM脱落酸(ABA)处理12h, 50μM水杨酸(SA)处理12h, 50μM茉莉酸(JA)处理12h,这些激素溶解于乙醇中,以乙醇为对照;1 μM油菜素内酯(BR)处理12h,50μM赤霉素(GA)处理12h,这些激素溶解于DMSO中,以DMSO为对照;乙烯(C2H4)处理为将200ml的1mM乙烯利溶液于干燥器底部,水稻苗在干燥器中处理,以溶剂溶液为对照处理。
2. 脱落酸(ABA)处理不同时间点水稻幼苗OsAPM1的表达水平变化
将生长12天的水稻日本晴小苗用50μM ABA处理,在处理的不同时间段(0min、30min、1h、6h、12h)取材,取水稻的叶和根进行RNA抽提,然后反转录成cDNA,以OsAPM1特异的引物通过real-time定量PCR检测OsAPM1的表达水平,以OsUBQ为内参,不处理的水稻叶、根为对照。
3. 各种非生物胁迫处理后OsAPM1表达水平鉴定
将生长14天的水稻日本晴幼苗经过各种非生物胁迫处理后,取水稻的叶片、根为材料抽提RNA然后反转录成cDNA,以OsAPM1特异的引物通过real-time定量PCR检测OsAPM1的表达水平,以OsUBQ为内参,不处理的水稻叶、根为对照。空气干旱处理,将水稻拔出在空气中干旱6h;土壤干旱处理,采用在土壤中生长了10天的水稻苗,停止浇水至土壤含量为15%左右,维持2天后取材;PEG处理,将水稻用含20% PEG6000营养液处理24h;NaCl处理,将水稻用含200mM NaCl营养液处理24h;ABA处理,将水稻用含50μM ABA营养液处理12h。
SEQUENCE LISTING
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Claims (1)
1. 一种启动子在构建用于指示体内脱落酸(ABA)水平报告载体的应用,其特征在于该启动子驱动的GUS信号强度与体内ABA水平正相关;所述启动子是从水稻OsAPM1基因起始密码子上游克隆到的一段约2152bp大小的DNA序列,其核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。
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