CN106718747B - Cuttage seedling raising method for lignified middle branches of upright-column fruit trees - Google Patents
Cuttage seedling raising method for lignified middle branches of upright-column fruit trees Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0299—Handling or transporting of soil blocks or seedlings
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cuttage seedling raising method for lignified middle branches of upright-column fruit trees, and belongs to the technical field of plant vegetative propagation. The cutting seedling raising method comprises the following steps: selecting healthy upright-column fruit trees with straight trunks as mother trees, cutting 8-15 cm long lignified branches from a place 6-60 cm away from the top ends of the tree branches as cutting slips, soaking the cutting slips in water, and disinfecting; and (3) soaking the lower parts of the cutting slips in a plant growth regulator treatment solution, and then cutting the cutting slips into a mixed matrix for culture. The method disclosed by the invention is adopted for seedling culture, the technical bottleneck that upright post fruit tree branches are difficult to root due to high tannin content is broken through, the branches in the middle of lignification start to root after 30-35 days of cuttage, and can be transplanted after 4-5 months, so that the time required by rooting is effectively shortened, the rooting rate and the transplanting survival rate of cuttage are obviously improved, and the rooting quality of cutting slips is good; can maintain excellent properties, is stable and reliable, is beneficial to popularization and has wider development prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant vegetative propagation, and particularly relates to a method for raising seedlings of lignified middle branches of upright-column fruit trees by cutting.
Background
Upright column fruit tree (A)Conocarpus erectus(L.)) is tree species of Combretaceae (Combretaceae) Symphytum (Conocarpus), evergreen arbor.
The upright-column fruit trees are naturally distributed in America, tree shapes are straight, tree crowns are beautiful, the height is moderate (6-10 m), the fruit trees can grow on mudflats, can settle on lands to beautify the environment, have high medicinal value (detoxifying and malaria stopping, mainly treating malaria), are planted in more gulf of California in Florida and Mexico in the United states, and are cold-resistant. Especially, the upright prop fruit forest is formed into a neat and single piece at the rear edge of the coastal beach of Florida, and is mainly used as a windproof wave-eliminating forest belt to resist the attack of typhoon and storm surge. Meanwhile, the vertical column fruit tree is one of the main tree species which can be seen everywhere in urban streets and used for greening courtyards.
Upright post fruit trees were introduced into China from the United states in 2010. At present, the propagation modes mainly comprise seed propagation and cutting propagation, and the germination rate of the seed propagation is about 30 percent. At present, domestic researches on asexual cuttage propagation technology of upright-column fruit trees are rare, and generally tender branches are used for cuttage, but the problems of low cuttage rooting rate, low survival rate and the like exist.
According to the invention, through the asexual cuttage propagation technology, particularly the lignified middle branch of the upright-column fruit tree is selected, the problems of low seed setting and yield, large genetic differentiation and the like can be solved, the germination rate is improved (at least 15% higher than that of seed propagation), and a new way is opened for the preservation, development and utilization of the upright-column fruit tree resource.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cutting seedling method for lignified middle branches of upright-column fruit trees.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a cutting seedling method of upright-column fruit trees comprises the following steps:
1) preparing cutting slips: selecting healthy upright column fruit trees with straight trunks, diameter at breast height of not less than 8.0cm and height of not less than 6.5m as mother trees, and taking lignified branches with diameter at lower ends of 1.0-2.0 cm as cutting materials;
2) preparing cutting slips and cutting: cutting 8-15 cm long lignified branches obtained in the step 1) from a position 6-60 cm away from the top end of the lignified branches to serve as cutting slips, soaking the cutting slips in water, and disinfecting; soaking the lower part of the cutting in a plant growth regulator treatment solution, and cutting in a mixed matrix;
3) and performing later-period management and protection, watering and disinfecting in good time.
Preferably, the vertical prop fruit tree mother tree in the step 1) is a wild vertical prop fruit tree, the breast diameter of the tree is 8.0-11.0 cm, and the tree height is 6.5-8.5 m. The vertical column fruit tree mother tree in the range is moderate in tree age, healthy and robust in growth, and is suitable for being used as a mother tree.
Preferably, the lignified branch used for the cutting material in the step 1) is a lignified branch with the lower end diameter of 1.2 cm-1.8 cm.
Preferably, in the step 2), a branch with the length of 10-12 cm is cut from a position 8-55 cm away from the top end of the lignified branch to serve as a cutting.
Preferably, in the step 2), a branch with the length of 10-12 cm is cut from a position 12-50 cm away from the top end of the lignified branch to serve as a cutting.
Generally, when the position of cutting the cutting is close to the middle part of lignification, the obtained cutting is thicker, the cutting branch contains rich nutrition, the rooting time is relatively later under the same condition, but the rooting rate and the survival rate are better.
The research of the invention shows that the effect of the cuttage of the lignified branch is better than that of the twig, and the reason for the cuttage of the lignified branch can be that the lignified branch has more sufficient nutrition, can provide more nutrient substances for the growth of the root system, and has lower content of tannin (capable of inhibiting the growth of the root).
Preferably, the cut of the cutting slip is a flat opening.
The research of the invention finds that the cutting effect of the upper and lower end flat shears is better than that of the bevel shears, and the rooting rate of the upper and lower end flat shears is about 10% higher than that of the bevel shears through investigation, which breaks through the experience of high rooting rate of the conventional bevel shears.
Preferably, 3-4 buds of the cutting shoot are reserved; at least 2 leaves are retained near the top, each leaf retaining a portion of the leaf area.
Preferably, the preparation month of the cutting slips in the step 2) is 3-7 months or 9-10 months. Because the vertical column fruit trees are tropical tree species, the vertical column fruit trees are mainly suitable for being planted in tropical regions. In winter and early spring, the climate is too cold, and the hot in 8 months in midsummer is the full-bloom period of the vertical-column fruit trees, which are not beneficial to cuttage.
Preferably, the preparation month of the cutting in the step 2) is 4 months or 9 months.
Preferably, the cutting slips are soaked in water for 2-4 hours in the step 2).
Soaking the cutting with water can not only make the cutting absorb enough water, but also degrade the inhibiting substances such as tannin in the cutting. The cuttage rooting rate and survival rate can be further improved through the treatment.
Preferably, the plant growth regulator treatment solution in the step 3) is an ABT rooting powder solution, the concentration is 80-120 ppm, and the treatment time is 3-5 hours.
Preferably, the ABT rooting powder solution used in the invention is ABT rooting powder No. 1 solution.
Experiments of different growth regulator treatments show that the ABT rooting powder No. 1 can better promote the healing of the cut of the cutting and the early rooting, and improve the rooting survival rate of the cutting. After being treated by ABT rooting powder No. 1 100 ppm solution, the rooting rate of the branches is 1.2-5% and 2.6-6% higher than that of branches treated by NAA100 ppm solution and IBA100 ppm solution respectively.
Preferably, the mixed matrix in the step 2) comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 55-85% of peat soil, 20-30% of perlite and 4-6% of vermiculite.
Preferably, in the step 2), the mixed matrix is placed in a 50-hole seedling raising tray with the length of 540 mm, the width of 280 mm and the depth of 110 mm, and the mixed matrix is subjected to spraying and filling sterilization by using a potassium permanganate solution with the mass percent of 0.5% 2 days before cuttage, wherein the mixed matrix is subjected to thorough spraying.
The seedling raising tray has the advantages of uniform and strong seedlings, developed root system, easy transplantation and the like, and can reduce the cost.
Preferably, a direct cutting method is adopted in the step 2) cutting, and 1 cutting shoot is cut in each hole.
Preferably, the sterilization in the step 3) adopts a carbendazim solution with the mass percentage concentration of 0.1-0.3% and/or a potassium permanganate solution with the mass percentage concentration of 0.1-0.5%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method disclosed by the invention is adopted for carrying out cuttage seedling raising on the upright-column fruit trees, the technical bottleneck that the branches of the upright-column fruit trees are difficult to root due to high tannin content is broken through, the branches in the lignification middle part can start to root after 30-35 days of cuttage, and can be transplanted after 4-5 months, so that the time required for rooting is effectively shortened, the rooting rate and transplanting survival rate of cuttage of the upright-column fruit trees are obviously improved, and the rooting quality of cutting slips is good; can maintain excellent properties, is stable and reliable, is beneficial to popularization and has wider development prospect.
(2) The invention adopts the cuttage of the upper and lower end plain end shears to replace the cuttage of the bevel end shears, the rooting rate of the cuttage is about 10 percent higher than that of the plain end treatment, and the experience of high rooting rate of the conventional bevel end shears is broken through.
(3) The method adopts plant growth regulator treatment solution to soak the cutting slips, preferably ABT rooting powder solution with the concentration of 80-120 ppm and the treatment time of 3-5 h. Experiments of different growth regulator treatments show that the ABT rooting powder No. 1 can better promote the healing of the cut of the cutting and the early rooting, and improve the rooting survival rate of the cutting. After being treated by ABT rooting powder No. 1 100 ppm solution, the rooting rate of the branches is respectively 1.2 percent and 2.6 percent higher than that of branches treated by NAA100 ppm solution and IBA100 ppm solution.
(4) The method takes common peat soil, perlite and vermiculite in the market as the cuttage substrate, is easy to obtain and low in cost, and saves the management labor cost.
(5) The selected seedling tray saves the matrix and space, the root systems are clustered together after the seedlings are formed, and the transplanting survival rate is effectively improved; can be repeatedly used, and saves a large amount of cost.
(6) The environment required by cuttage is easy to realize and convenient to manage.
Detailed Description
Sources of raw materials used in the examples:
ABT rooting powder No. 1 is produced by Beijing Aibibidi Biotech limited; absolute ethyl alcohol is produced by the company of biological engineering (Shanghai); the 50% carbendazim wettable powder is produced by Sichuan Guang agricultural chemical company Limited.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1A method of raising seedlings by cutting of lignified middle shoots of upright post fruit trees (in contrast to tender shoot cutting seedlings)
The cuttage of the vertical-column fruit trees is carried out in the late 4 th month place in a glass net room of the research institute of tropical forestry of Chinese forest academy of sciences.
(1) Preparing spike seedlings: selecting healthy wild upright post fruit tree superior trees (with the diameter at breast height of 8.6 cm and the height of 8.0 m) with straight trunks, and taking lignified branches with the diameter of 1.6 cm at the lower ends as a source of cutting materials;
(2) preparation of mixing matrix and vessel selection: fully and uniformly mixing 70% of peat soil, 25% of perlite and 5% of vermiculite in percentage by volume to obtain a mixed matrix; then, the mixed substrate is put into a cuttage container, the substrate is subjected to irrigation sterilization by using 0.5% potassium permanganate solution in mass percent 2 days before cuttage, and the cuttage container adopts a 50-hole seedling raising tray with the specification of 540 mm length, 280 mm width and 110 mm depth on the basis of thorough irrigation of the substrate;
(3) preparing cutting slips and cutting: in the late ten days of month 4, 7 am: 30. when the illumination is less than 10000 lx, selecting the lignified branch obtained in the step (1), selecting a part 8cm away from the top end of the branch, shearing the part into cutting slips with the length of 10 cm, reserving 2 leaves close to the top, and reserving 2/5 leaf areas for each leaf; the cut on the cutting is a flat opening and is positioned 0.5cm above the bud to reduce the water loss, and the cut at the lower end is a flat opening and is positioned 1.0cm below the bud to facilitate the cutting to absorb water; dissolving ABT rooting powder No. 1 in absolute ethyl alcohol, and preparing 100 ppm ABT rooting powder No. 1 solution; soaking the prepared cutting slips in distilled water for 3 hours, taking out the cutting slips, putting the cutting slips into a potassium permanganate solution with the mass percent of 0.1%, disinfecting for 1 min, and then washing the cutting slips clean with distilled water; then the lower part of the cutting is immersed into the prepared 100 ppm ABT rooting powder No. 1 solution, and the cutting is taken out after 3 hours and is ready for cutting. Adopting a direct cutting method, cutting 1 cutting shoot in each hole; before cutting, a guiding hole is drilled on a substrate by a glass rod, the depth is 3-4 cm, the surrounding substrate is slightly compacted after cutting, and the operation is carried out in a glass net chamber;
(4) and (4) post management: after the cuttage is finished, watering thoroughly once, immediately and comprehensively spraying 200 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for disinfection; covering a plastic film arched shed on the seedbed, and keeping the cuttage environment humidity; most of strong light in the glass net chamber is filtered by the shading net, but the shading net with 35 percent of light transmittance is still needed to shade at noon with sufficient sunlight so as to prevent the blades of the cutting slips from transpiring too much and the cutting slips from drying up due to water loss; after cuttage, spraying potassium permanganate solution with the mass percentage of 0.2% and 400 times of carbendazim wettable powder solution with the mass percentage of 50% respectively every 3 days for alternate disinfection; after 20 days, sterilizing alternately according to the concentration for 1 time in 7 days; meanwhile, water spraying is carried out every day, the temperature of the cuttage environment is kept at 25-30 ℃, and the humidity is kept above 80%.
Rooting starts in 30 days after cuttage, the rooting peak period is reached in 50-90 days, and the transplanting can be carried out in 4-5 months, so that the time for rooting is effectively shortened. Compared with the cuttage and seedling raising of the tender branches, the rooting rate of the embodiment 1 is as high as 43.5%, the transplanting survival rate is as high as 88.7%, and the rooting rate and the transplanting survival rate of the cuttage of the upright-column fruit trees are obviously improved.
Example 2
The upright post fruit tree cuttage is carried out in the last 9 th ten days and is performed in a glass net room of a tropical forestry research institute of Chinese forest academy.
(1) Preparing spike seedlings: selecting healthy wild upright post fruit tree superior trees (with the diameter at breast height of 10 cm and the height of 8.5m) with straight trunks, and taking lignified branches with the diameter of 1.2cm at the lower ends as a source of cutting materials;
(2) preparation of mixing matrix and vessel selection: fully and uniformly mixing 65% of peat soil, 30% of perlite and 5% of vermiculite to obtain a mixed matrix; then, the mixed substrate is filled into a cuttage container, the substrate is subjected to irrigation sterilization by using 0.5% potassium permanganate solution in mass percent 2 days before cuttage, the cuttage container adopts a 50-hole seedling tray with the specification of 540 mm length, 280 mm width and 500mm depth on the basis of thorough irrigation of the mixed substrate;
(3) preparing cutting slips and cutting: in the first ten days of month 9, the morning 9: 00. when the illumination is less than 10000 lx, selecting the lignified branch obtained in the step (1), selecting a part 18 cm away from the top end of the lignified branch, shearing the part into cutting slips with the length of 10 cm, reserving 2 leaves close to the top, and reserving 2/5 leaf areas for each leaf; the cut on the cutting is a flat opening and is positioned 0.5cm above the bud to reduce the water loss, and the cut at the lower end is a flat opening and is positioned 1.0cm below the bud to facilitate the cutting to absorb water; dissolving ABT rooting powder No. 1 in a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol, and preparing 100 ppm ABT rooting powder No. 1 solution by using distilled water; soaking the prepared cutting slips in distilled water for 2.5 hours, taking out the cutting slips, putting the cutting slips into a potassium permanganate solution with the mass percent of 0.2%, disinfecting for 1 min, then washing the cutting slips clean with distilled water, then soaking the lower parts of the cutting slips into a prepared 100 ppm ABT rooting powder No. 1 solution, and taking out the cutting slips after 3 hours; adopting a direct cutting method, cutting 1 cutting shoot in each hole; before cutting, a guiding hole is drilled on a substrate by a glass rod, the depth is 3-4 cm, the surrounding substrate is slightly compacted after cutting, and the operation is carried out in a glass net chamber;
(4) and (4) post management: after the cuttage is finished, watering thoroughly once, immediately and comprehensively spraying 200 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for disinfection; covering a plastic film arched shed on the seedbed, and keeping the cuttage environment humidity; most of the strong light in the glass net chamber is filtered by the shading net, but the shading net with 35% of light transmittance is still needed to shade at noon with sufficient sunlight so as to prevent the cutting slips from excessively transpiring and drying up due to water loss. After cuttage, spraying potassium permanganate solution with the mass percentage of 0.3 percent and 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder 250 times liquid respectively every 2 days for alternate disinfection; after 20 days, sterilizing alternately according to the concentration for 1 time in 7 days; meanwhile, water spraying is carried out every day, the temperature of the cuttage environment is kept at 25-30 ℃, and the humidity is 80-90%.
Rooting starts on the 34 th day after cuttage, the rooting peak is reached in 50-90 days, and the transplanting can be carried out in 4-5 months, so that the time for rooting is effectively shortened. The rooting rate is as high as 47.0%, the transplanting survival rate is as high as 90.5%, and the rooting rate and the transplanting survival rate of the vertical-column fruit tree cuttage are obviously improved.
Example 3
The upright post fruit tree cuttage operation is carried out in 4 months, and is performed in a glass net room of a tropical forestry research institute of Chinese forest academy of sciences.
(1) Preparing spike seedlings: selecting healthy wild upright post fruit tree superior trees (with the diameter at breast height of 8cm and the height of 6.7m) with straight trunks, and taking lignified branches with the diameter of 1.8cm at the lower ends as a source of cutting materials;
(2) preparation of mixing matrix and vessel selection: fully and uniformly mixing 74% of peat soil, 22% of perlite and 4% of vermiculite to obtain a mixed matrix; then, the mixed matrix is filled into a cuttage container, the matrix is subjected to irrigation sterilization by using 0.5% potassium permanganate solution in mass percent 2 days before cuttage, and the cuttage container adopts a 50-hole seedling raising tray with the specification of 540 mm length, 280 mm width and 500mm depth on the basis of thorough irrigation of the mixed matrix;
(3) preparing cutting slips and cutting: in late 5 months, 8 am: 00. when the illumination is less than 10000 lx, selecting the lignified branch obtained in the step (1), selecting a part 28 cm away from the top end of the lignified branch, shearing the part into 10 cm long, reserving 2 leaves close to the top, and reserving 2/5 leaf areas for each leaf; the cut on the cutting is a flat opening and is positioned 0.5cm above the bud to reduce the water loss, and the cut at the lower end is a flat opening and is positioned 1.0cm below the bud to facilitate the cutting to absorb water; dissolving ABT rooting powder No. 1 in a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol, and preparing 100 ppm ABT rooting powder No. 1 solution by using distilled water; soaking the prepared cutting slips in distilled water for 2 hours, taking out the cutting slips, disinfecting the cutting slips in a potassium permanganate solution with the mass percent of 0.2% for 2 minutes, then washing the cutting slips clean with distilled water, then soaking the lower parts of the cutting slips in a prepared ABT rooting powder No. 1 solution with the mass percent of 120ppm, taking out the cutting slips after 3 hours to be subjected to cuttage: adopting a direct cutting method, cutting 1 cutting shoot in each hole; before cutting, a guiding hole is drilled on a substrate by a glass rod, the depth is 3-4 cm, the surrounding substrate is slightly compacted after cutting, and the operation is carried out in a glass net chamber;
(4) and (4) post management: after the cuttage is finished, watering thoroughly once, immediately and comprehensively spraying 200 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for disinfection; and covering a plastic film arched shed on the seedbed to keep the cuttage environment humidity. Most of strong light in the glass net chamber is filtered by the shading net, but the shading net with 35 percent of light transmittance is still needed to shade at noon with sufficient sunlight so as to prevent the blades of the cutting slips from transpiring too much and the cutting slips from drying up due to water loss; after cuttage, spraying potassium permanganate solution with the mass percentage of 0.2% and 400 times of carbendazim wettable powder solution with the mass percentage of 50% respectively every 2 days for alternate disinfection; after 20 days, sterilizing alternately according to the concentration for 1 time in 7 days; meanwhile, water spraying is carried out every day, the temperature of the cuttage environment is kept at 20-25 ℃, and the humidity is kept above 85%.
Rooting starts at the 32 th day after cuttage, the rooting peak is reached in 65-90 days, and the transplanting can be carried out in 4-5 months, so that the time for rooting is shortened. The rooting rate is as high as 46.4%, the transplanting survival rate is as high as 89.6%, and the rooting rate and the transplanting survival rate of the vertical-column fruit tree cuttage are improved.
The invention takes common peat soil, perlite and vermiculite as cuttage substrates, is easy to obtain and has low cost; the cuttage container can be repeatedly used, and a large amount of cost is saved. The cuttage of the vertical-column fruit trees is carried out by the method, the fruit trees begin to root after 30-35 days after the cuttage, and the fruit trees can be transplanted after 4-5 months, so that the time required by the rooting is effectively shortened, the rooting rate and the transplanting survival rate of the cuttage of the vertical-column fruit trees are obviously improved, and the rooting quality of the cutting slips is good; can maintain excellent properties, is stable and reliable, is convenient to popularize and has wide development prospect.
Comparative example 1
The cuttage operation of the vertical column fruit trees is carried out in 1 month, and the place is a glass net room of a tropical forestry research institute of Chinese forest academy.
(1) Preparing spike seedlings: collecting healthy wild upright-column superior fruit tree (diameter at breast height 8.6 cm, height 8.0 m) lignified branches as cutting materials;
(2) preparation of mixing matrix and vessel selection: fully and uniformly mixing 70% of peat soil, 25% of perlite and 5% of vermiculite to obtain a mixed matrix; then, the mixed substrate is put into a cuttage container, the substrate is subjected to irrigation sterilization by using a potassium permanganate solution with the mass percent of 0.5% 2 days before cuttage, and the cuttage container adopts a 50-hole seedling raising tray with the specification of 540 mm length, 280 mm width and 500mm depth on the basis of thorough irrigation of the substrate;
(3) preparing cutting slips and cutting: in the last ten days of month 1, 8 am: 00. when the illumination is less than 10000 lx, selecting the semi-lignified twig obtained in the step (1), cutting a part 8cm away from the top end of the semi-lignified twig into 12cm long leaves, reserving 2 leaves close to the top, and reserving 2/5 leaf areas for each leaf; the cut on the cutting is a flat opening and is positioned 1cm above the bud to reduce the water loss, and the cut at the lower end is a flat opening and is positioned 2cm below the bud to facilitate the cutting to absorb water; dissolving ABT rooting powder No. 1 in absolute ethyl alcohol, and preparing 100 ppm ABT rooting powder No. 1 solution; soaking the prepared cutting slips in distilled water for 2 hours, taking out the cutting slips, disinfecting the cutting slips in a potassium permanganate solution with the mass percent of 0.2% for 2 minutes, then washing the cutting slips clean with distilled water, then soaking the lower parts of the cutting slips in a prepared 100 ppm ABT rooting powder No. 1 solution, taking out the cutting slips after 3 hours to be subjected to cuttage: adopting a direct cutting method, cutting 1 cutting shoot in each hole; before cutting, a guiding hole is punched on a substrate by using bamboo strips, the depth is 3-4 cm, the surrounding substrate is slightly compacted after cutting, and the operation is carried out in a glass net chamber;
(4) and (4) post management: after the cuttage is finished, watering thoroughly once, immediately and comprehensively spraying 200 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for disinfection; and covering a plastic film arched shed on the seedbed to keep the cuttage environment humidity. Most of strong light in the glass net chamber is filtered by the shading net, but the shading net with 35 percent of light transmittance is still needed to shade at noon with sufficient sunlight so as to prevent the blades of the cutting slips from transpiring too much and the cutting slips from drying up due to water loss; after cuttage, spraying potassium permanganate solution with the mass percentage of 0.2% and 400 times of carbendazim wettable powder solution with the mass percentage of 50% respectively every 2 days for alternate disinfection; after 20 days, sterilizing alternately according to the concentration for 1 time in 7 days; and meanwhile, water spraying is carried out every day, the temperature of the cuttage environment is kept at 25-30 ℃, and the humidity is 80-90%.
Rooting starts on the 42 th day after cuttage, the rooting peak is reached in 75-100 days, and the transplanting can be carried out in 4-5 months. The rooting rate is 18.9%, the transplanting survival rate is 85.2%, and the rooting rate of the upright-column fruit tree cuttage is obviously lower than the preferable month. The reason is that the cuttage in early spring causes the difficult rooting due to insufficient soil temperature.
Comparative example 2
The cuttage of the vertical column fruit trees is carried out in ten days of 8 months, and the place is a glass net room of a research institute of tropical forestry of Chinese forest academy of sciences.
(1) Preparing spike seedlings: collecting healthy wild upright-column superior fruit tree (diameter at breast height 8.6 cm, height 8.0 m) lignified branches as cutting materials;
(2) preparation of mixing matrix and vessel selection: fully and uniformly mixing 70% of peat soil, 25% of perlite and 5% of vermiculite to obtain a mixed matrix; then, the mixed matrix is filled into a cuttage container, the matrix is subjected to irrigation sterilization by using 0.5% potassium permanganate solution in mass percent 2 days before cuttage, and the cuttage container adopts a 50-hole seedling raising tray with the specification of 540 mm length, 280 mm width and 500mm depth on the basis of thorough irrigation of the mixed matrix;
(3) preparing cutting slips and cutting: in the last 8 th month, 8 am: 00. when the illumination is less than 10000 lx, selecting the lignified branch obtained in the step (1), selecting a part 8cm away from the top end of the lignified branch, shearing the part into 10 cm long, reserving 2 leaves close to the top, and reserving 2/5 leaf areas for each leaf; the cut on the cutting is a flat opening and is positioned 1cm above the bud to reduce the water loss, and the cut at the lower end is a flat opening and is positioned 2cm below the bud to facilitate the cutting to absorb water; dissolving ABT rooting powder No. 1 in absolute ethyl alcohol, and preparing 100 ppm ABT rooting powder No. 1 solution; soaking the cutting slips prepared in the step (3) in distilled water for 2 hours, taking out the cutting slips, placing the cutting slips in a potassium permanganate solution with the mass percent of 0.2%, disinfecting for 2 minutes, then washing the cutting slips clean with distilled water, then soaking the lower parts of the cutting slips in a prepared 100 ppm ABT rooting powder No. 1 solution, and taking out the cutting slips after 3 hours: adopting a direct cutting method, cutting 1 cutting shoot in each hole; before cutting, a guiding hole is punched on a substrate by using bamboo strips, the depth is 3-4 cm, the surrounding substrate is slightly compacted after cutting, and the operation is carried out in a glass net chamber;
(4) and (4) post management: after the cuttage is finished, watering thoroughly once, immediately and comprehensively spraying 200 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for disinfection; and covering a plastic film arched shed on the seedbed to keep the cuttage environment humidity. Most of strong light in the glass net chamber is filtered by the shading net, but the shading net with 35 percent of light transmittance is still needed to shade at noon with sufficient sunlight so as to prevent the blades of the cutting slips from transpiring too much and the cutting slips from drying up due to water loss; after cuttage, spraying potassium permanganate solution with the mass percentage of 0.1% and 400 times of carbendazim wettable powder solution with the mass percentage of 50% respectively every 2 days for alternate disinfection; after 20 days, sterilizing alternately according to the concentration for 1 time in 7 days; and meanwhile, water spraying is carried out every day, the temperature of the cuttage environment is kept at 25-30 ℃, and the humidity is 80-90%.
Rooting is started on the 38 th day after cuttage, the rooting peak is reached in 75-100 days, and transplanting can be carried out in 4-5 months. The rooting rate is 23.0%, the transplanting survival rate is 78.6%, and the rooting rate of the upright-column fruit tree cuttage is obviously lower than the preferable month.
Cuttage months 9 and 4 are most preferred. And 8 months is the full-bloom period of the vertical-column fruit trees, and the nutrition of the branches is greatly consumed in flowering and is not beneficial to cuttage.
Comparative example 3
The other steps are the same as example 1, except that tender branches are used for cutting, and in addition, the prepared cutting slips are not soaked in distilled water, are directly disinfected and are soaked in plant growth regulator treatment liquid.
Rooting is started on the 36 th day after cuttage, the rooting peak is reached in 65-100 days, and transplanting can be carried out in 4-5 months. The rooting rate is 32.5%, the transplanting survival rate is 80.2%, and the rooting rate of the upright-column fruit tree twig cuttage is obviously lower than that of a lignified branch.
Comparative example 4
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that the 100 ppm solution of ABT rooting powder No. 1 was replaced with 100 ppm IBA solution to treat the cuttings.
After cuttage, the rooting starts on the 33 th day, the rooting peak is reached in 60-95 days, the transplanting can be carried out in 4-5 months, the rooting rate reaches 40.9%, the transplanting survival rate reaches 82.5%, and the rooting rate and the transplanting survival rate are lower than those of ABT rooting powder No. 1 treatment.
Comparative example 5
The other steps are the same as the example 1, except that the incision of the lignified shoot cutting shoot is a conventional bevel incision (comprising an upper incision and a lower incision). The results were: the rooting starts on the 35 th day after the cutting, the rooting peak period is reached in 58-95 days, the transplanting can be carried out in 4-5 months, the rooting rate reaches 38.2%, the transplanting survival rate reaches 81.0%, and the rooting rate and the transplanting survival rate are lower than those of plain cuttings.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A cutting seedling raising method for upright-column fruit trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing cutting slips: selecting healthy upright column fruit trees with straight trunks, diameter at breast height of not less than 8.0cm and height of not less than 6.5m as mother trees, and taking lignified branches with diameter at lower ends of 1.0-2.0 cm as cutting materials;
2) preparing cutting slips and cutting: cutting 8-15 cm long lignified branches obtained in the step 1) from a position 6-60 cm away from the top end of the lignified branches to serve as cutting slips, soaking the cutting slips in water, and disinfecting; soaking the lower part of the cutting in a plant growth regulator treatment solution, and cutting in a mixed matrix; wherein the cut of the cutting is a flat opening;
3) and performing later-period management and protection, watering and disinfecting in good time.
2. The cutting seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the vertical column fruit tree mother tree in the step 1) is a wild vertical column fruit tree, the diameter at breast height is 8.0-11.0 cm, and the height of the tree is 6.5-8.5 m.
3. The cutting seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lignified branch used for the cutting material in the step 1) is a lignified branch with the lower end diameter of 1.2 cm-1.8 cm.
4. The cutting seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 2) cutting a branch with the length of 10-12 cm from a position 8-55 cm away from the top end of the lignified branch to serve as a cutting.
5. The cutting seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation month of the cutting slips in the step 2) is 3-7 months or 9-10 months.
6. The cutting seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 2) soaking the cutting slips in water for 2-4 hours.
7. The cutting seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the plant growth regulator treatment liquid in the step 3) is an ABT rooting powder solution, the concentration is 80-120 ppm, and the treatment time is 3-5 hours.
8. The cutting seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mixed matrix in the step 2) comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 65-74% of peat soil, 20-30% of perlite and 4-6% of vermiculite.
9. The cutting seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 3) adopting a carbendazim solution with the mass percentage concentration of 0.1-0.3% and/or a potassium permanganate solution with the mass percentage concentration of 0.1-0.5% for disinfection.
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