Summary of the invention
Many in order to take full advantage of north latitude 26-30 degree area rainwater, fertile soil, extreme low temperature is at one 9 ℃, the hottest monthly mean of daily maximum temperature is more than 27 ℃, the regions resources in uniform rainfall or summer rainfall township the invention provides a kind of selection of No. a kind of cold-resistant eucalyptus Hunan eucalyptus of suitable north latitude 26-30 degree, in order to build rapidly large stretch of Eucalypt plantation, promote local economic development, improve people's living standard.
For solving its technical problem, the inventor finally finds a kind of selection of cold-resistant eucalyptus " Hunan eucalyptus No. 1 " kind of suitable north latitude 26-30 degree through years of researches and experiment, and its method comprises the steps:
1, determines eucalypt species: determine that E. dunnii is best seeds, the reason of selecting E. dunnii be because its in to be Australia growth the fastest a kind of large-scale broad-leaved summer the rainfall pattern seeds, up to 50m, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground can reach 1.5m, trunk is more than 30-35m, there is not branch, it is cold to be fit to winter, the weather growth of frost is arranged frequently, Brazilian test report E. dunnii is suitable for surviving under one 9 ℃ of weathers, E. dunnii growth is fast, shows according to Guilin of China, Liuzhou, Yueyang tear sieve and multiple experimental field experiment: E. dunnii life in 26 months, and mean stand height, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground reach respectively 8.9m-7.7cm; Standing forest annual accumulation reaches 19.5m
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2E. dunnii mean stand height and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of life in 6 years are respectively 21m-21cm, the E. dunnii material is good, color is beautiful, general as sawn timber, the E. dunnii woods of large-scale production pulpwood have all been cultivated by Australia, Brazil, in the time of the 4th year, withstand the low temperature test of in January, 2008 fifty year return period at the pilot forest of Yueyang, Hunan Province E. dunnii;
2, the sterilization of medium: from preparing mother liquor, this mother liquor adds the water uniform stirring by white sugar, carragheen and forms, and regulates pH value; Again this medium is divided in the blake bottle, is placed in the pressure steam sterilizer and sterilizes, when the sterilizer internal pressure reaches 1.1 MPa, beginning timing sterilization 15-20 minute;
3, sterilization before the inoculation: when transfer room uses for the first time, open ultraviolet lamp sterilization 1 hour, superclean bench can be inoculated after ventilating 0.5 hour; The workman is required to wash one's hands with perfumed soap, the workman will wash one's hands through alcohol commonly used or thimerosal when inoculating, and during inoculation used scissors, tweezers is sterilized with the alcolhol burner calcination, keep the cleaning of transfer room, to often wash the floor, clean the essence effect screen pack of superclean bench;
4, inoculation: (1) selects fine noon or afternoon, and the semi-lignified rudiment bar of clip robust growth is taken back indoor with clean gauze insulation or sealing, moisturizing; (2) wipe out all blades, stay a little petiole, adopt 0.1% mercuric chloride solution to soak sterilization in 3-12 minute according to the degree of lignification segmentation of branch, aseptic water washing 4-5 time, (3) cut stem section with bud, long 1-2 centimetre, long about 0.5 centimetre of lateral bud top branch Duan Liuzhi, need not oversize, be inoculated on the interior medium of blake bottle of 3/4ms+0.5 mg/litre IBA+0.3 mg/litre NAA, temperature is controlled at 22-27 ℃, and intensity of illumination is controlled at 2000 and strangles about (lx), just breathes out to induce sprouting of lateral bud;
5 subcultures are cultivated: when sprouting of lateral bud during to 1.5-2 centimetre, cut off explant, be inoculated in and carry out subculture on the medium and cultivate, cultivation temperature is controlled at 25-27 ℃, intensity of illumination be controlled at 2000 strangle about, light application time is 8 hours, switching cycle 20-22 days;
6, culture of rootage: the subculture seedling is bred predetermined quantity can carry out large-scale production the time, choose the bud seedling about height of seedling 2cm, cut 1.5-2cm, be inoculated on the medium of 1/2MS+1.0 mg/litre IBA+0.2 mg/litre NAA, carry out root induction, cultivation temperature is controlled at 25-27 ℃, culture of rootage 7-10 days, grows hardening;
7, hardening is cultivated: move the hardening that grows to greenhouse and carry out hardening, intensity of illumination is controlled at 3000-5000 and strangles, and temperature preferably is no more than 35 ℃, when hardening 2 week of growth, height of seedling 2-4 centimetre the time, be the bud seedling, stand-by;
8, cultivate seedling: with 2-4 centimetre high bud seedling, after one 9 degree were processed two hours, choosing was not transplanted the strong sprout of dead well developed root system again, is transplanted in the little basin of medium, covers on basin with wet towel, takes the nursery to and makes preparations for sowing through freezing equipment;
9, cultivate sapling: in the nursery, culture transferring is managed through carefulness to the band basin seedling in nursery, through 45-60 days, seedling grew tall when reaching 15-20cm, be fit to the little sapling of No. a kind of cold-resistant eucalyptus Hunan eucalyptus of north latitude 26-30 degree, can arrange out the garden to afforest.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following substantive distinguishing features and significant progressive:
1, the eucalypt species that is adopted by sub-the application, itself is just cold-resistant than other kind, substantially is suitable for the environment existence of weather more than one 8 ℃, add that seedling adopts the booth cuttage, and it is less to use containing nitrogenous fertilizers, and is phosphorous, contain the more fertilizer of potassium, makes the sapling stalwartness.Plantation is adopted and is manually digged pit during the forest land, and in the hole and buried the fertilizers such as the more chicken manure of phosphorous potassium composition or pig manure are arranged is base fertilizer, the forest leaf is emerald green or strong green, and leaf area is generally more roomy, and blade is plump.After sapling survives, all manually use phosphorous many composite fertilizers every year, wooden composition is flourishing, leaf does not overgrow, cold tolerance is extremely strong, support to such an extent that lived one 9 ℃ of microthermal climates more than ten day, therefore, can be grown in the environment of north latitude 26-30 degree, that is to say that eucalyptus only had the ground such as Guangdong on the south north latitude 26 degree, Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian just to have originally, now eucalyptus can be advanced 400 kilometers area growth northwards, this is that eucalyptus was not met in history, also is long-term the thirsting for of people and a successful difficult problem never.
2, because north latitude 26-30 degree one band is regional sunny, rainwater is many, rivers, reservoir, the pond is many, can satisfy eucalyptus happiness sun and the many characteristics of suction, manually execute the fertilizer base manure such as more nitrogenous many chicken manures or pig manure during plantation, nitrogenous except having, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and a large amount of organic outer (content of organic matter 35%, total effectively nutrient amount reaches more than 11.86%), also contain trace element, amino acid, little element and some active substance and beneficial microbe colony of giving birth to, in the activating soil carbon that stays is arranged in a large number fully, phosphorus, potassium is so that nutrient availability improves.The annual composite fertilizer that executes again suitable Eucalyptus behind the Survival rate of nursery stock, therefore can satisfy eucalyptus and inhale fertile many characteristics, add and contain the eucalyptus oil smell that general mosquito is all hidden in the eucalyptus leaves, make in the Eucalyptus process, damage by disease and insect is few, therefore this Eucalyptus with the artificial plantation of this method is fast, and lumber recovery is high, and is good in economic efficiency.According to planting experimentally, the every annual of this eucalyptus 4-6m that grows tall, the general 4-5 of diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 3-4cm. just can cut down in batch, per mu yield timber 10_12m
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3, add that its growth is fast because eucalyptus is evergreen plant, photosynthesis is strong, ruined mountain range, deserted mountain that therefore can this area of fast greening, can absorb a large amount of carbon dioxide gas in its process of growth, discharge a large amount of oxygen, be conducive to improve the ecological environment, alleviate the trend of climate warming.
4, because the growth of eucalyptus is fast, wooden hard, can repeatedly cut down, purposes is wide; Not only can do furniture, make railroad tie, the prior or preferred materials of papermaking is planted eucalyptus in a large number, can alleviate the difficult problem that China's paper pulp lacks, and the income that is conducive to the national economic development and peasant improves.
[embodiment] is above, and the present invention is further described by embodiment:
The inventor utilizes 500 mu of deserted mountains to plant experimentally " Hunan eucalyptus No. 1 " in the Lixian County, Hunan Province, through the plantations in 3 years and management, existing oneself grows up to large stretch of Eucalyptus Stand that mean stand height and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground reach respectively 13m and 12cm, and riotous growth comes along fine at present, and its method is as follows:
One, determine eucalypt species: determine that E. dunnii is best seeds,
Two, cold-resistant " Hunan eucalyptus No. 1 " seed selection operating process:
1, the preparation of medium and sterilization: from the mother liquor for preparing, take out various mother liquors, then white sugar, carragheen being added water stirs, regulate pH value, medium is divided in the blake bottle, be placed in the pressure steam sterilizer and sterilize, when the sterilizer internal pressure reaches 1.1 MPa, beginning timing sterilization 15-20 minute;
2, the sterilization before the inoculation: when transfer room uses for the first time, open ultraviolet lamp sterilization 1 hour, superclean bench can be inoculated after ventilating 0.5 hour; When often using, generally open ultraviolet lamp sterilization 30 minutes, superclean bench ventilates and can inoculate in 20 minutes, and the workman requires to wash one's hands with perfumed soap before the inoculation; The workman will wash one's hands through alcohol commonly used or thimerosal when inoculating, during inoculation used scissors, tweezers are sterilized with the alcolhol burner calcination, the cleaning that keeps transfer room will often be washed the floor, cleans the essence effect screen pack (being positioned at the superclean bench rear portion) of superclean bench;
3, material is selected and first culture: by the relevant technologies standard of selecting select tree, from the standing forest that grows directly from seeds, select growth rapidly, without the plant of damage by disease and insect, adopt the girdling method, cultivate first child's branch, organize again cultivation, not only can reduce the sterilization difficulty, also obtain easily the success that tissue is cultivated; Draw materials the sterilization and inoculation step as follows:
(1) select fine noon or afternoon, the semi-lignified rudiment bar of clip robust growth is taken back indoor with clean gauze insulation or sealing, moisturizing;
(2) wipe out all blades, stay a little petiole, adopt 0.1% mercuric chloride solution to soak sterilization in 3-12 minute, aseptic water washing 4-5 time according to the degree of lignification segmentation of branch;
(3) cut stem section with bud, long 1-2 centimetre, long about 0.5 centimetre of lateral bud top branch Duan Liuzhi, be inoculated on the medium of 3/4ms+0.5 mg/litre IBA+0.3 mg/litre NAA, temperature is controlled at 22-27 ℃, intensity of illumination is controlled at 2000 and strangles about (lx), just can induce sprouting of lateral bud;
(4) subculture is cultivated, and when sprouting of lateral bud during to 1.5-2 centimetre, cuts off explant, is inoculated in to cultivate to carry out subculture on the tomb and cultivate, and cultivation temperature is controlled at 25-27 ℃, intensity of illumination be controlled at 2000 strangle about.Light application time is 8 hours, and switching cycle is about 20 days, and the propagation multiple is because of kind difference difference slightly to some extent;
(5) culture of rootage, the subculture seedling is bred some, in the time of can carrying out large-scale production, carry out culture of rootage, choose the bud seedling about height of seedling 2cm, cut 1.5-2cm, be inoculated on the medium of 1/2MS+1.0 mg/litre IBA+0.2 mg/litre NAA, carry out root induction.Cultivation temperature is controlled at 25-27 ℃, and the early stage of taking root can not low temperature, and low temperature will affect rooting rate, and general culture of rootage is about 7 days, most of bud seedling rooting hardening that can move out about 10 days, and season is different, and rooting rate speed and quality of rooting are different;
(6) hardening is cultivated, and after the bud seedling of culture of rootage is taken root more than 90%, just can move the hardening greenhouse to and carry out hardening; Intensity of illumination is controlled at 3000-5000 and strangles, and temperature 30-35 ℃, in 2 week of hardening, height of seedling is long during for 1-3 centimetre at 3-4 centimetre, bud shoot root, should in time transplant;
(7) group training seedling moves, and selects the bud seedling of 1-3 centimetre of height of seedling, and after one 9 degree were processed two hours, choosing strong bud seedling not dead, well developed root system was transplanted again, is transplanting the previous day through freezing equipment, should take off first pine " bottle seedling " lid; Transplanted seedlings the same day, beat easily the bud seedling of taking root in the bottle, and placed the clear water fine laundering to stick the medium that is at group training shoot root, then put down gently in little basin, covered on basin with wet towel, and took the nursery to and make preparations for sowing;
Through above-mentioned careful management, the group wall was taken root after the bud transplantation of seedlings 45-60 days, treated that nursery stock is healthy and strong, when height of seedling reaches 15-20cm, the seedling of No. a kind of cold-resistant eucalyptus of the present invention Hunan eucalyptus, can arrange out garden afforestation.