CN106601463A - 一种钕铁硼永磁材料 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种钕铁硼永磁材料,通过以下步骤制得:稀土永磁锭的制备,稀土永磁锭碎制稀土磁粉,稀土磁粉以及Zn‑Al合金粉表面等离子体处理,氟化石墨烯的制备,稀土磁粉、Zn‑Al合金粉、氟化石墨烯以及助剂混合、磁场成型烧结制得初级产物、初级产物表面形成防腐层。本发明制备得到的钕铁硼永磁材料有较高的剩磁、矫顽力、工作温度、抗腐蚀性和韧性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及磁性材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种钕铁硼永磁材料。
背景技术
钕铁硼永磁材料由于其极高的磁能积、矫顽力和能量密度,被誉为“磁王”,其广泛应用于计算机的硬件驱动设备、各种家用电器、电声设备、多媒体设备、电子仪器、仪表、医疗设备、工业电动机、风力发电机、以及汽车传感器、电动汽车和混合动力汽车的驱动电机等等领域。然而,烧结钕铁硼磁体各相间存在着较大的化学电位差,在潮湿的环境中容易形成腐蚀电池,发生产生晶间腐蚀。此外,其存在含有大量的贵重稀土元素钕价格昂贵、性脆、居里温度点低、温度特性差、易于粉化腐蚀等缺陷,这些缺陷制约了很多电机或者永磁行业的发展。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种抗腐蚀、耐高温的钕铁硼永磁材料。
为达到以上目的,本发明提供一种钕铁硼永磁材料,通过以下步骤制得:
(1)将一定量的Fe、Nd、B以及微量的Hf、P混合后置于中频真空感应熔炼炉进行熔炼,得到稀土永磁锭;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的稀土永磁锭通过氢爆和气流磨工艺加工为稀土磁粉;
(3)用等离子体表面处理仪对Zn-Al合金粉和步骤(2)得到的所述稀土磁粉分别进行等离子体表面处理;
(4)将氧化石墨烯与无水氢氟酸加入镍管进行反应,得到氟化石墨烯;
(5)在惰性气体保护下,将步骤(3)得到的等离子体表面处理后的稀土磁粉和Zn-Al合金粉混合,并向其中加入少量硅烷偶联剂和步骤(4)得到的所述氟化石墨烯,然后充分混合;
(6)将步骤(5)得到的混合物在取向场中取向成型并等静压,再通过真空烧结炉烧结后,进行二级处理,得到初级产物;
(7)将步骤(6)得到的产物等离子体处理,然后浸泡在溶有全氟甲基乙烯基醚的极性溶剂中,浸泡一定时间后取出烘干,然后放入惰性气体氛围下的辐射场内辐照,使全氟甲基乙烯基醚发生聚合反应,最后将产物烘干得到所述钕铁硼永磁材料。
优选地,步骤(1)中,将Fe(铁)、Nd(钕)、B(硼)、Hf(铪)、P(磷)按照质量比72∶26∶1∶0.5∶0.5混合,将混合后的原料置于中频真空感应熔炼炉进行熔炼,热处理温度为1200℃~1300℃,烧结时间为2~3小时,得到稀土永磁锭。
优选地,步骤(2)中,稀土永磁锭通过氢爆和气流磨工艺加工为平均粒径1~2μm的稀土磁粉。
优选地,步骤(3)中,取80~90质量份的所述稀土磁粉和4~5质量份的Zn-Al合金粉分别进行等离子体表面处理。处理过程使用等离子体处理仪,在射频功率为60~250W下等离子体处理20~25min,等离子体腔体内通入的气体为氩气,气体流量为10~80毫升/秒,腔体气压维持在0.2~0.8Pa。Zn-Al合金粉的粒径为100目~500目。
优选地,步骤(4)中,将氧化石墨烯与无水氢氟酸加入镍管,于100~120℃下反应1~2小时,得到氟化石墨烯。所述氧化石墨烯和无水氢氟酸的质量比为1∶2。
优选地,步骤(5)中,在惰性气体保护下,将步骤(3)得到的等离子体表面处理后的稀土磁粉和Zn-Al合金粉混合,并向其中加入0.5~1质量份的硅烷偶联剂和4~5质量份的所述氟化石墨烯,并充分混合。所述惰性气体保护氛围选自氦气、氩气、氖气、氮气中的一种或几种。所述硅烷偶联剂选自KH-540、KH-550、KH-560、KH-570中的一种或几种。
优选地,步骤(6)中,将步骤(5)得到的混合物在2~5T取向场中取向成型并等静压,再通过真空烧结炉在1000~1100℃下烧结4~6小时,然后进行二级处理,即分别在680~710℃和370~390℃下热处理3~5小时,得到初级产物。
优选地,步骤(7)中,将步骤(6)得到的初级产物于纯水中超声清洗10~20min,然后烘干,使用等离子体处理仪,在射频功率为60~250W下等离子体处理20~25min,等离子体处理仪腔体内通入的气体为氩气,气体流量为10~80毫升/秒,腔体气压维持在0.2~0.8Pa,然后将处理后的初级产物浸泡在溶有全氟甲基乙烯基醚的极性溶剂中20~30小时,然后取出、烘干,放入氮气氛围下的辐射场内,采用钴60-γ辐照25~35min,使全氟甲基乙烯基醚发生聚合反应,将产物进行烘干后得到本发明的钕铁硼永磁材料。所述极性溶剂选自N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲亚砜中的一种或几种,全氟甲基乙烯基醚与极性溶剂的质量比为1∶(5~8)。
本发明的提供的钕铁硼永磁材料具有以下有益效果:
1、本发明的钕铁硼永磁材料中加入了P和Hf,使得其在保持较低的成本同时,提高材料的剩磁与矫顽力及耐高温性能;
2、加入了Zn-Al合金,锌铝相起到了富Nd相磁隔绝、助烧结的作用,增加了磁体的矫顽力,同时降低了边界相与主相之间的电位差,增加了边界相的强度,大大改善了磁体的抗腐蚀性能和力学性能;
3、加入了氟化石墨烯,不仅引入了F、C,而且由于其独特的结构,提高了永磁材料采矫顽力、工作温度和抗腐蚀性,还能增强永磁材料的韧性等力学性能;
4、本发明的钕铁硼永磁材料,在烧结和涂覆抗腐涂层之前对材料进行表面等离子体处理,使得表面活化,有利于得到更加致密的结构及较好的涂层粘结力;
5、本发明通过在材料表面本体原位辐射自由基聚合得到抗腐涂层,制备工艺简单易行,抗腐涂层采用聚全氟甲基乙烯基醚,由于醚键的引入,进一步加强涂层与永磁材料之间的界面结合力。
具体实施方式
以下描述用于揭露本发明以使本领域技术人员能够实现本发明。以下描述中的优选实施例只作为举例,本领域技术人员可以想到其他显而易见的变型。
实施例1
提供一种钕铁硼永磁材料,通过以下方法制备:
(1)将Fe(铁)、Nd(钕)、B(硼)、Hf(铪)、P(磷)按照质量比72∶26∶1∶0.5∶0.5混合,将混合后的原料置于中频真空感应熔炼炉进行熔炼,热处理温度为1200℃,烧结时间为2小时,得到稀土永磁锭;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的稀土永磁锭通过氢爆和气流磨工艺加工为平均粒径1μm的稀土磁粉;
(3)取80g的所述稀土磁粉和5g的100目的Zn-Al合金粉,使用等离子体处理仪,在射频功率为60W下等离子体处理20min,等离子体处理仪腔体内通入的气体为氩气,气体流量为10毫升/秒,腔体气压维持在0.2Pa;
(4)将氧化石墨烯与无水氢氟酸按照质量比1∶2加入镍管,于100℃下反应1小时,产物用去离子水洗涤5遍后烘干,得到氟化石墨烯;
(5)在氩气保护氛围下,将步骤(3)得到的稀土磁粉和Zn-Al合金粉混合,并向其中加入0.5g的硅烷偶联剂和4g所述氟化石墨烯,在混料机中搅拌混合3小时;
(6)将步骤(5)得到的混合物在2T取向场中取向成型并等静压,再通过真空烧结炉在1000℃下烧结4小时,然后进行二级处理,分别在680℃和370℃下热处理3小时,得到初级产物;
(7)将步骤(6)得到的初级产物于纯水中超声清洗10min,然后烘干,使用等离子体处理仪,在射频功率为70W下等离子体处理21min,等离子体处理仪腔体内通入的气体为氩气,气体流量为15毫升/秒,腔体气压维持在0.2Pa,然后将处理后的初级产物浸泡在100g全氟甲基乙烯基醚和500gN,N-二甲基甲酰胺的混合液中20小时,然后取出、烘干,放入氮气氛围下的辐射场内,采用钴60-γ辐照25min,使全氟甲基乙烯基醚发生聚合反应,将产物进行烘干后得到实施例1的钕铁硼永磁材料。
实施例2
提供一种钕铁硼永磁材料,通过以下方法制备:
(1)将Fe(铁)、Nd(钕)、B(硼)、Hf(铪)、P(磷)按照质量比72∶26∶1∶0.5∶0.5混合,将混合后的原料置于中频真空感应熔炼炉进行熔炼,热处理温度为1250℃,烧结时间为2.5小时,得到稀土永磁锭;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的稀土永磁锭通过氢爆和气流磨工艺加工为平均粒径1.5μm的稀土磁粉;
(3)取80g的所述稀土磁粉和5g的200目的Zn-Al合金粉,使用等离子体处理仪,在射频功率为60W下等离子体处理20min,等离子体处理仪腔体内通入的气体为氩气,气体流量为10毫升/秒,腔体气压维持在0.2Pa;
(4)将氧化石墨烯与无水氢氟酸按照质量比1∶2加入镍管,于100℃下反应1.5小时,产物用去离子水洗涤5遍后烘干,得到氟化石墨烯;
(5)在氩气保护氛围下,将步骤(3)得到的稀土磁粉和Zn-Al合金粉混合,并向其中加入0.7g的硅烷偶联剂和4.5g所述氟化石墨烯,在混料机中搅拌混合4小时;
(6)将步骤(5)得到的混合物在3T取向场中取向成型并等静压,再通过真空烧结炉在1040℃下烧5小时,然后进行二级处理,分别在690℃和380℃下热处理4小时,得到初级产物;
(7)将步骤(6)得到的初级产物于纯水中超声清洗10min,然后烘干,使用等离子体处理仪,在射频功率为70W下等离子体处理21min,等离子体处理仪腔体内通入的气体为氩气,气体流量为15毫升/秒,腔体气压维持在0.2Pa,然后将处理后的初级产物浸泡在100g全氟甲基乙烯基醚和600gN,N-二甲基甲酰胺的混合液中20小时,然后取出、烘干,放入氮气氛围下的辐射场内,采用钴60-γ辐照30min,使全氟甲基乙烯基醚发生聚合反应,将产物进行烘干后得到实施例2的钕铁硼永磁材料。
实施例3
提供一种钕铁硼永磁材料,通过以下方法制备:
(1)将Fe(铁)、Nd(钕)、B(硼)、Hf(铪)、P(磷)按照质量比72∶26∶1∶0.5∶0.5混合,将混合后的原料置于中频真空感应熔炼炉进行熔炼,热处理温度为1250℃,烧结时间为2.5小时,得到稀土永磁锭;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的稀土永磁锭通过氢爆和气流磨工艺加工为平均粒径1.5μm的稀土磁粉;
(3)取80g的所述稀土磁粉和5g的300目的Zn-Al合金粉,使用等离子体处理仪,在射频功率为150W下等离子体处理25min,等离子体处理仪腔体内通入的气体为氩气,气体流量为70毫升/秒,腔体气压维持在0.4Pa;
(4)将氧化石墨烯与无水氢氟酸按照质量比1∶2加入镍管,于100℃下反应1.5小时,产物用去离子水洗涤5遍后烘干,得到氟化石墨烯;
(5)在氩气保护氛围下,将步骤(3)得到的稀土磁粉和Zn-Al合金粉混合,并向其中加入1g的硅烷偶联剂和5g所述氟化石墨烯,在混料机中搅拌混合4小时;
(6)将步骤(5)得到的混合物在3T取向场中取向成型并等静压,再通过真空烧结炉在1040℃下烧5小时,然后进行二级处理,分别在690℃和380℃下热处理4小时,得到初级产物;
(7)将步骤(6)得到的初级产物于纯水中超声清洗10min,然后烘干,使用等离子体处理仪,在射频功率为170W下等离子体处理21min,等离子体处理仪腔体内通入的气体为氩气,气体流量为40毫升/秒,腔体气压维持在0.5Pa,然后将处理后的初级产物浸泡在100g全氟甲基乙烯基醚和600gN,N-二甲基甲酰胺的混合液中20小时,然后取出、烘干,放入氮气氛围下的辐射场内,采用钴60-γ辐照30min,使全氟甲基乙烯基醚发生聚合反应,将产物进行烘干后得到实施例3的钕铁硼永磁材料。
实施例4
提供一种钕铁硼永磁材料,通过以下方法制备:
(1)将Fe(铁)、Nd(钕)、B(硼)、Hf(铪)、P(磷)按照质量比72∶26∶1∶0.5∶0.5混合,将混合后的原料置于中频真空感应熔炼炉进行熔炼,热处理温度为1250℃,烧结时间为2.5小时,得到稀土永磁锭;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的稀土永磁锭通过氢爆和气流磨工艺加工为平均粒径2μm的稀土磁粉;
(3)取90g的所述稀土磁粉和5g的400目的Zn-Al合金粉,使用等离子体处理仪,在射频功率为200W下等离子体处理20min,等离子体处理仪腔体内通入的气体为氩气,气体流量为80毫升/秒,腔体气压维持在0.7Pa;
(4)将氧化石墨烯与无水氢氟酸按照质量比1∶2加入镍管,于100℃下反应1.5小时,产物用去离子水洗涤5遍后烘干,得到氟化石墨烯;
(5)在氩气保护氛围下,将步骤(3)得到的稀土磁粉和Zn-Al合金粉混合,并向其中加入1g的硅烷偶联剂和5g所述氟化石墨烯,在混料机中搅拌混合4小时;
(6)将步骤(5)得到的混合物在5T取向场中取向成型并等静压,再通过真空烧结炉在1040℃下烧5小时,然后进行二级处理,分别在690℃和380℃下热处理4小时,得到初级产物;
(7)将步骤(6)得到的初级产物于纯水中超声清洗10min,然后烘干,使用等离子体处理仪,在射频功率为230W下等离子体处理20min,等离子体处理仪腔体内通入的气体为氩气,气体流量为50毫升/秒,腔体气压维持在0.6Pa,然后将处理后的初级产物浸泡在100g全氟甲基乙烯基醚和600gN,N-二甲基甲酰胺的混合液中24小时,然后取出、烘干,放入氮气氛围下的辐射场内,采用钴60-γ辐照30min,使全氟甲基乙烯基醚发生聚合反应,将产物进行烘干后得到实施例4的钕铁硼永磁材料。
实施例5
提供一种钕铁硼永磁材料,通过以下方法制备:
(1)将Fe(铁)、Nd(钕)、B(硼)、Hf(铪)、P(磷)按照质量比72∶26∶1∶0.5∶0.5混合,将混合后的原料置于中频真空感应熔炼炉进行熔炼,热处理温度为1250℃,烧结时间为2.5小时,得到稀土永磁锭;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的稀土永磁锭通过氢爆和气流磨工艺加工为平均粒径2μm的稀土磁粉;
(3)取80g的所述稀土磁粉和4g的500目的Zn-Al合金粉,使用等离子体处理仪,在射频功率为250W下等离子体处理20min,等离子体处理仪腔体内通入的气体为氩气,气体流量为80毫升/秒,腔体气压维持在0.8Pa;
(4)将氧化石墨烯与无水氢氟酸按照质量比1∶2加入镍管,于100℃下反应1.5小时,产物用去离子水洗涤5遍后烘干,得到氟化石墨烯;
(5)在氩气保护氛围下,将步骤(3)得到的稀土磁粉和Zn-Al合金粉混合,并向其中加入1g的硅烷偶联剂和5g所述氟化石墨烯,在混料机中搅拌混合4小时;
(6)将步骤(5)得到的混合物在3T取向场中取向成型并等静压,再通过真空烧结炉在1040℃下烧5小时,然后进行二级处理,分别在690℃和380℃下热处理4小时,得到初级产物;
(7)将步骤(6)得到的初级产物于纯水中超声清洗10min,然后烘干,使用等离子体处理仪,在射频功率为250W下等离子体处理25min,等离子体处理仪腔体内通入的气体为氩气,气体流量为80毫升/秒,腔体气压维持在0.8Pa,然后将处理后的初级产物浸泡在100g全氟甲基乙烯基醚和600gN,N-二甲基甲酰胺的混合液中20小时,然后取出、烘干,放入氮气氛围下的辐射场内,采用钴60-γ辐照30min,使全氟甲基乙烯基醚发生聚合反应,将产物进行烘干后得到实施例2的钕铁硼永磁材料。
对比例1
提供一种钕铁硼永磁材料,通过以下方法制备:
(1)将Fe(铁)、Nd(钕)、B(硼)按照质量比73∶26∶1混合,将混合后的原料置于中频真空感应熔炼炉进行熔炼,热处理温度为1250℃,烧结时间为2.5小时,得到稀土永磁锭;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的稀土永磁锭通过氢爆和气流磨工艺加工为平均粒径2μm的稀土磁粉;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的稀土磁粉在5T取向场中取向成型并等静压,再通过真空烧结炉在1040℃下烧5小时,然后进行二级处理,也即分别在690℃和380℃下热处理4小时,得到初级产物得到对比例的钕铁硼永磁材料。
本发明实施例中的磁性能测试利用BH仪测试,在25℃下进行的。测试方法参考GB-T3217-1992;同时利用高压反应釜(140℃,0.4MPa,120h)和盐雾实验(5wt%NaCl,40℃,24h)测试了磁体的耐腐蚀性,测试结果如表1所示。
表1
从表1中数据可知,本发明的永磁材料,在室温(25℃)下具有Br≥4410Gs的剩磁,Hcj≥393KA/m的内禀矫顽力,具有较高的磁性能,产品性能的稳定性好,高压反应釜质量损失≤1.1mg/cm2,盐雾实验质量损失≤0.012mg/cm2,相对于传统钕铁硼永磁材料(高压反应釜质量损失=15.12mg/cm2,盐雾实验质量损失=0.066mg/cm2)抗腐蚀性能有很大程度的提高。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明的范围内。本发明要求的保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等同物界定。
Claims (7)
1.一种钕铁硼永磁材料,其特征在于,通过以下步骤制得:
(1)将一定量的Fe、Nd、B以及微量的Hf、P混合后置于中频真空感应熔炼炉进行熔炼,得到稀土永磁锭;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的稀土永磁锭通过氢爆和气流磨工艺加工为稀土磁粉;
(3)对Zn-Al合金粉和步骤(2)得到的所述稀土磁粉分别进行等离子体表面处理;
(4)将氧化石墨烯与无水氢氟酸加入镍管进行反应,得到氟化石墨烯;
(5)在惰性气体保护下,将步骤(3)得到的等离子体表面处理后的稀土磁粉和Zn-Al合金粉混合,并向其中加入少量硅烷偶联剂和步骤(4)得到的所述氟化石墨烯,然后充分混合;
(6)将步骤(5)得到的混合物在取向场中取向成型并等静压,再通过真空烧结炉烧结后,进行二级处理,得到初级产物;
(7)将步骤(6)得到的产物等离子体处理,然后浸泡在溶有全氟甲基乙烯基醚的极性溶剂中,浸泡一定时间后取出烘干,然后放入惰性气体氛围下的辐射场内辐照,使全氟甲基乙烯基醚发生聚合反应,最后将产物烘干得到所述钕铁硼永磁材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的钕铁硼永磁材料,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,Fe、Nd、B、Hf、P的质量比为72∶26∶1∶0.5∶0.5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的钕铁硼永磁材料,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,将稀土永磁锭加工为平均粒径1~2μm的稀土磁粉。
4.根据权利要求1所述钕铁硼永磁材料,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,Zn-Al合金粉的粒径为100目~500目。
5.根据权利要求1所述的钕铁硼永磁材料,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,所述氧化石墨烯和无水氢氟酸的质量比为1∶2。
6.根据权利要求1所述的钕铁硼永磁材料,其特征在于,步骤(3)中稀土磁粉为80~90质量份,Zn-Al合金粉为4~5质量份,步骤(5)中硅烷偶联剂为0.5~1质量份,氟化石墨烯为4~5质量份。
7.根据权利要求1所述的钕铁硼永磁材料,其特征在于,步骤(7)中,所述极性溶剂选自N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲亚砜中的一种或几种,全氟甲基乙烯基醚与极性溶剂的质量比为1∶(5~8)。
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