CN106512918B - 一种碱改性高比表面积氧化铝材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种碱改性高比表面积氧化铝材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- HIGRAKVNKLCVCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumine Chemical compound C1=CC=[Al]C=C1 HIGRAKVNKLCVCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种碱改性高比表面积氧化铝材料及其制备方法和应用,该氧化铝材料的比表面积≥350m2/g,孔容≥0.5cm3/g。制备方法包括以下步骤:(1)按照设定的质量百分含量称取活性氧化铝粉体、拟薄水铝石干胶粉混合均匀;(2)配置EDTA或其钠盐水溶液,其中使用碱金属盐调节水溶液pH,使溶解完全;以该水溶液作为粘结剂进行颗粒成型;(3)成型的颗粒,经水合熟化、烘干、焙烧后得到氧化铝材料。与现有技术相比,本发明得到的氧化铝材料具有高比表面积、特定孔道结构和表面性质,可作为吸附剂应用于多个领域,尤其是在环保领域,可用于络合金属废水处理。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种碱改性高比表面积氧化铝材料的制备方法及其环保应用,具体是涉及一种氧化铝材料的制备过程,及其在络合金属废水脱除方面的应用。
背景技术
随着现代工业的快速发展与革新,氧化铝作为重要的吸附剂或催化剂及其载体,被广泛应用于石油化工、有机合成、精细化工等领域,尤其是在吸附分离等领域仍具有相当广泛的用途。
传统的氧化铝由于其比表面积小且孔径分布不均匀而不能满足吸附要求,具有更高的比表面积、更特定的孔径分布的氧化铝材料的应用和需求更为广泛。
中国专利CN103787388A公开一种氧化铝载体的制备方法,采用拟薄水铝石干胶粉作为铝源,与尿素水溶液混合均匀,混合物料放入密封容器内进行水热处理,水热处理后的物料经成型、干燥、焙烧制得氧化铝载体。该方法可制备出具有集中孔分布及高比表面积的氧化铝载体,但样品需在密闭容器水热处理,较难工业放大。
中国专利CN102861619A公开了一种高比表面积氧化铝载体的制备方法,该专利以拟薄水铝石干胶粉为原料,同时加入物理扩孔剂和化学造孔剂,结合了氮气气氛和空气气氛下的两段焙烧工艺,从而制备得到了同时具有较高孔容及集中的孔径分布的氧化铝载体。但该方法所得到的氧化铝载体的机械强度较低,比表面积仍不能满足某些特殊反应对较高比表面积的要求。此外,该专利在氮气保护下焙烧并且焙烧温度较高,既额外加大了成本投入又增加了能耗,不利于工业化生产。
中国专利CN101104523B公开了一种高比表面积的纳米氧化铝材料的方法,该方法将油相、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂按照一定体积比混合,将铝盐溶液、沉淀剂滴加进入上述有机相,搅拌形成微乳液体系并在微小的水核中发生反应,获得氢氧化铝沉淀。经洗涤、干燥和煅烧,最终形成纳米氧化铝。该发明制备氧化铝比表面积大,孔容大,但存在孔径较小的问题,不适用于吸附分子较大的物质,容易发生孔道堵塞的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种具有高比表面、特征孔结构,材料孔道经碱修饰,表面离子含量高,可作为吸附剂应用于多各领域的碱改性高比表面积氧化铝材料及其制备方法和应用。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:一种碱改性高比表面积氧化铝材料,其特征在于,该氧化铝材料的比表面积≥350m2/g,孔容≥0.5cm3/g。
一种碱改性高比表面积氧化铝材料的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)称取活性氧化铝粉体、拟薄水铝石干胶粉混合均匀;
(2)配置EDTA或EDTA钠盐水溶液,使用碱金属盐调节水溶液pH值,使其溶解完全;
(3)将配置好的水溶液喷洒进入步骤(1)中物料,进行造粒成型;
(4)经水合熟化、烘干、焙烧后得到氧化铝材料。
步骤(1)中所述的活性氧化铝粉体、拟薄水铝石的总质量为100%,其中:活性氧化铝粉体的质量百分含量为40%~90%,拟薄水铝石干胶粉的质量百分含量为10%~60%。
步骤(2)中所述的EDTA或EDTA钠盐水溶液的质量浓度为2~20%。
步骤(2)中使用碱金属盐调节水溶液pH为9~11。
所述的碱金属盐为钾、钠的氢氧化物、碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐中的一种或其组合。
步骤(3)中所述的造粒成型方式为滚桶造粒、糖衣机造粒或圆盘造粒,造粒成型的颗粒物的粒径范围为0.6~6.0mm。
步骤(4)中所述的水合过程为向颗粒物通入105~125℃水蒸气,保持时间为1~5h。
步骤(4)中所述的烘干温度为80-150℃,焙烧温度为300-600℃。
一种碱改性高比表面积氧化铝材料的应用,其特征在于,所述氧化铝材料可作为吸附剂应用于多个领域,尤其是环保领域,对络合金属废水具有高效的吸附作用。
本发明通过活性氧化铝粉体与拟薄水铝石混合作为氧化铝成型材料,通过添加碱金属盐及EDTA,提高氧化铝材料孔道分布、表面离子含量以及孔道表面碱性。该氧化铝材料可作为吸附剂应用于多个领域,尤其是在环保领域,可用于络合重金属废水处理。焙烧后得到的碱改性氧化铝材料具有EDTA特征孔结构,可选择性吸附EDTA络合金属,而不需使络合废水破络。材料表面离子可以与络合废水中重金属进行离子交换,同时孔道中碱性环境可使重金属离子沉淀在孔道内。本发明制备得到的碱改性高比表面积氧化铝材料,可有效提升对络合金属废水的脱除效率。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
(1)本发明制备得到的颗粒状氧化铝材料具有≥350m2/g的高比表面积,适宜的孔径分布。较高的比表面积使氧化铝材料具有更多的活性中心,特殊优良的孔径分布使反应物质更容易进入孔道并接触活性中心。
(2)本发明制备得到的氧化铝材料性能优良,结构稳定,可作为吸附剂应用于液体和气体的干燥,以及烃中某些重金属离子和杂质的脱除。
(3)本发明制备得到的氧化铝材料可作为吸附剂应用于环保领域,焙烧后得到的碱改性氧化铝材料具有EDTA特征孔结构,可选择性吸附EDTA络合金属,而不需使络合废水破络。材料表面离子可以与络合废水中重金属进行离子交换,同时孔道中碱性环境可使重金属离子沉淀在孔道内。
(4)本发明方法制备高比表面积氧化铝材料工艺过程可控,易于实现工业规模化生产。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的实施例作详细说明,本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
实施例1
按照90:10质量百分含量称取活性氧化铝粉体、拟薄水铝石干胶粉,混合均匀;配置2%的EDTA水溶液,使用氢氧化钠调节水溶液pH值为11,使EDTA溶解完全;向混合均匀的粉料中喷洒配置好的水溶液,经圆盘造粒,得到2.0~3.0mm的颗粒成型物。通入105℃水蒸气,保持1h,在80℃条件下烘干,350℃条件下焙烧,即可制备得到氧化铝材料①。
实施例2
按照40:60质量百分含量称取活性氧化铝粉体、拟薄水铝石干胶粉,混合均匀;配置5%的EDTA二钠水溶液,使用碳酸钠调节水溶液pH值为9,使EDTA二钠溶解完全;向混合均匀的粉料中喷洒配置好的水溶液,经滚筒造粒,得到4.0~6.0mm的颗粒成型物。通入125℃水蒸气,保持5h,在150℃条件下烘干,600℃条件下焙烧,即可制备得到氧化铝材料②。
实施例3
按照50:50质量百分含量称取活性氧化铝粉体、拟薄水铝石干胶粉,混合均匀;配置20%的EDTA四钠水溶液,使用碳酸氢钠调节水溶液pH值为9,使EDTA四钠溶解完全;向混合均匀的粉料中喷洒配置好的水溶液,经糖衣机造粒,得到3.0~5.0mm的颗粒成型物。通入110℃水蒸气,保持5h,在110℃条件下烘干,400℃条件下焙烧,即可制备得到氧化铝材料③。
实施例4
按照60:40质量百分含量称取活性氧化铝粉体、拟薄水铝石干胶粉,混合均匀;配置10%的EDTA及EDTA四钠水溶液,使用氢氧化钾调节水溶液pH值为10,使EDTA及EDTA四钠溶解完全;向混合均匀的粉料中喷洒配置好的水溶液,经糖衣机造粒,得到3.0~5.0mm的颗粒成型物。通入110℃水蒸气,保持3h,在90℃条件下烘干,450℃条件下焙烧,即可制备得到氧化铝材料④。
实施例5
按照70:30质量百分含量称取活性氧化铝粉体、拟薄水铝石干胶粉,混合均匀;配置8%的EDTA及EDTA二钠水溶液,使用碳酸氢钾、碳酸钾调节水溶液pH值为9,使EDTA及EDTA二钠溶解完全;向混合均匀的粉料中喷洒配置好的水溶液,经糖衣机造粒,得到3.0~4.0mm的颗粒成型物。通入115℃水蒸气,保持4h,在100℃条件下烘干,500℃条件下焙烧,即可制备得到氧化铝材料⑤。
实施例6
按照80:20质量百分含量称取活性氧化铝粉体、拟薄水铝石干胶粉,混合均匀;配置12%的EDTA二钠及EDTA四钠水溶液,使用氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠调节水溶液pH值为11,使EDTA二钠及EDTA四钠溶解完全;向混合均匀的粉料中喷洒配置好的水溶液,经滚筒造粒,得到3.0~4.0mm的颗粒成型物。通入120℃水蒸气,保持3h,在110℃条件下烘干,550℃条件下焙烧,即可制备得到氧化铝材料⑥。
实施例7
按照75:25质量百分含量称取活性氧化铝粉体、拟薄水铝石干胶粉,混合均匀;配置16%的EDTA及EDTA四钠水溶液,使用氢氧化钾、碳酸氢钠调节水溶液pH值为10,使EDTA及EDTA四钠溶解完全;向混合均匀的粉料中喷洒配置好的水溶液,经圆盘造粒,得到2.0~3.0mm的颗粒成型物。通入115℃水蒸气,保持5h,在120℃条件下烘干,600℃条件下焙烧,即可制备得到氧化铝材料⑦。
实施例8
按照65:35质量百分含量称取活性氧化铝粉体、拟薄水铝石干胶粉,混合均匀;配置18%的EDTA、EDTA二钠及EDTA四钠水溶液,使用氢氧化钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾调节水溶液pH值为10,使EDTA、EDTA二钠及EDTA四钠溶解完全;向混合均匀的粉料中喷洒配置好的水溶液,经糖衣机造粒,得到4.0~6.0mm的颗粒成型物。通入120℃水蒸气,保持5h,在130℃条件下烘干,650℃条件下焙烧,即可制备得到氧化铝材料⑧。
实施例9
按照55:45质量百分含量称取活性氧化铝粉体、拟薄水铝石干胶粉,混合均匀;配置14%的EDTA二钠及EDTA四钠水溶液,使用氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾调节水溶液pH值为9,使EDTA二钠及EDTA四钠溶解完全;向混合均匀的粉料中喷洒配置好的水溶液,经圆盘造粒,得到4.0~6.0mm的颗粒成型物。通入125℃水蒸气,保持2h,在140℃条件下烘干,500℃条件下焙烧,即可制备得到氧化铝材料⑨。
实施例10
按照45:55质量百分含量称取活性氧化铝粉体、拟薄水铝石干胶粉,混合均匀;配置6%的EDTA及EDTA二钠水溶液,使用碳酸钾、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠调节水溶液pH值为10,使EDTA及EDTA二钠溶解完全;向混合均匀的粉料中喷洒配置好的水溶液,经滚筒造粒,得到3.0~5.0mm的颗粒成型物。通入120℃水蒸气,保持3h,在150℃条件下烘干,450℃条件下焙烧,即可制备得到氧化铝材料⑩。
对比例1
市售氧化铝颗粒3.0~5.0mm颗粒作为氧化铝材料对比样
对比例2
按照45:55质量百分含量称取活性氧化铝粉体、拟薄水铝石干胶粉,混合均匀;向混合均匀的粉料中喷洒水作为粘结剂,经滚筒造粒,得到3.0~5.0mm的颗粒成型物。通入120℃水蒸气,保持3h,在150℃条件下烘干,450℃条件下焙烧,即可制备得到氧化铝材料对比样
测试上述样品的比表面积、孔容,测试结果见下表。
表1氧化铝测试结果
应用实施例11
取含锌电镀络合废水100ml,其中Zn含量37.6mg/L。分别称取氧化铝材料⑩、对比样对比样各2g,在室温条件下、200rpm振荡2h,分离氧化铝材料和废水,测试吸附后废水中Zn含量,计算氧化铝材料对含锌络合废水脱除效率。
表2:含锌络合废水脱除效率
上述的对实施例的描述是为便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和使用发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改,并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此,本发明不限于上述实施例,本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示,不脱离本发明范畴所做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种碱改性高比表面积氧化铝材料,其特征在于,该氧化铝材料的比表面积≥350m2/g,孔容≥0.5cm3/g;
所述的氧化铝材料通过以下方法制得:
(1)称取活性氧化铝粉体、拟薄水铝石干胶粉混合均匀;
(2)配置EDTA或EDTA钠盐水溶液,使用钾、钠的氢氧化物、碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐中的一种或其组合调节水溶液pH值,使其溶解完全;
(3)将配置好的水溶液喷洒进入步骤(1)中物料,进行造粒成型;
(4)经水合熟化、烘干、焙烧后得到氧化铝材料;所述的水合过程为向颗粒物通入105~125℃水蒸气,保持时间为1~5h。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的碱改性高比表面积氧化铝材料的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)称取活性氧化铝粉体、拟薄水铝石干胶粉混合均匀;
(2)配置EDTA或EDTA钠盐水溶液,使用钾、钠的氢氧化物、碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐中的一种或其组合调节水溶液pH值,使其溶解完全;
(3)将配置好的水溶液喷洒进入步骤(1)中物料,进行造粒成型;
(4)经水合熟化、烘干、焙烧后得到氧化铝材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的碱改性高比表面积氧化铝材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述的活性氧化铝粉体、拟薄水铝石的总质量为100%,其中:活性氧化铝粉体的质量百分含量为40%~90%,拟薄水铝石干胶粉的质量百分含量为10%~60%。
4.根据权利要求2所述的碱改性高比表面积氧化铝材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述的EDTA或EDTA钠盐水溶液的质量浓度为2~20%。
5.根据权利要求2所述的碱改性高比表面积氧化铝材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中调节水溶液pH为9~11。
6.根据权利要求2所述的碱改性高比表面积氧化铝材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述的造粒成型方式为滚桶造粒、糖衣机造粒或圆盘造粒,造粒成型的颗粒物的粒径范围为0.6~6.0mm。
7.根据权利要求2所述的碱改性高比表面积氧化铝材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中所述的烘干温度为80-150℃,焙烧温度为300-600℃。
8.一种如权利要求1所述的碱改性高比表面积氧化铝材料的应用,其特征在于,所述氧化铝材料作为吸附剂应用于环保领域,对络合金属废水具有高效的吸附作用。
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