CN106489483A - A kind of method of Helen's pocket orchid in situ conservation - Google Patents

A kind of method of Helen's pocket orchid in situ conservation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106489483A
CN106489483A CN201610915549.2A CN201610915549A CN106489483A CN 106489483 A CN106489483 A CN 106489483A CN 201610915549 A CN201610915549 A CN 201610915549A CN 106489483 A CN106489483 A CN 106489483A
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plant
helen
cultivation
pocket
greenhouse
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郑枫
曾宋君
陈影
吴坤林
张建霞
张新华
马国华
段俊
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South China Botanical Garden of CAS
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for

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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of method of Helen's pocket orchid in situ conservation.The present invention carries out the blue in situ conservation of Helen's pocket using unique cultivation matrix and suitable cultivation management mode, successfully achieves the blue in situ conservation of Helen's pocket, and after 1 year, survival rate more than 85% provides effective ways for the blue protection of Helen's pocket to introducing and planting.

Description

A kind of method of Helen's pocket orchid in situ conservation
Technical field:
The invention belongs to plant protection biology and cultivation field, and in particular to a kind of side of Helen's pocket orchid in situ conservation Method.
Background technology:
Helen's pocket orchid (Paphiopedilum helenae Aver.) is blue also known as skilful flower pocket, is distributed in China's West Guangxi And North Vietnam, it is grown in brushy Limestone Mountain crag gap, distribution is narrow, is a kind of very rare Cypripedium;Simultaneously as the destruction in its habitat is excavated with artificial, its wild plant quantity is extremely rare, quilt《Open country in imminent danger Lively plant species international trade pact》(CITES) list annex I in and forbid concluding the business, red by World Conservation Union (IUCN) Pole danger species (CR) is classified as in color name record urgently to protect, the wild plant of minimum population has been classified as by China national forestry bureau also in China Thing needs to lay special stress on protecting.In situ conservation is one of main method of Helen's pocket orchid bio-diversity conservation, but Helen's pocket is blue plants Strain is tiny, and growth potential is poor, cultivates difficulty with moving larger.
Content of the invention:
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Helen pocket orchid that can realize Helen's pocket orchid bio-diversity conservation protects with moving The method of shield.
The method of Helen's pocket orchid in situ conservation of the present invention, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
A, the transport of material and packaging:Collection Helen pocket orchid plant, hinders root during collection, as far as possible less for the plant that root system is deeper Strain, opens soil with iron Chinese catalpa plane, and the moist liver moss parcel root of the plant being collected prevents dehydration, places into the carton box of ventilation In prevent from extruding, be transported to as early as possible to move and cultivate in ground child care greenhouse;
B, planting environment:Move ground child care greenhouse and keep the blue suitable illumination of Helen's pocket, temperature is controlled for 15~35 DEG C, planted Good ventilation situation is kept during training;
C, cultivation management mode:Strict implement quarantine system when introducing a fine variety, prevents pest and disease damage and enters child care greenhouse, before planting To the blue cleaning of the Helen's pocket that introduces a fine variety, the soil and worm's ovum on root and leaf is washed away, rotten rotten leaf is cut, is put into 800-1000 times Carbendazim dilute solution soaks 10-30min, takes out, and dries moisture content and plant the cultivation tray containing cultivation matrix again after being rinsed with water In;
800-1000 times of carbendazim dilute solution is sprayed after the blue cultivation tray on just of Helen's pocket of introducing and planting, is used in combination 800-1000 times of carbendazim dilute solution irrigates cultivation matrix, and the 1-3 days season of growth time waters once, in cultivation matrix base Just water when this dries, in cultivation, moisturizing of watering, and keep the air humidity of child care greenhouse relative humidity 70-90%;? Summer high temperature season and winter will prevent the excessive generation with pre- preventing disease and pest of air humidity.When autumn dries around plant In ground and air, water spray increases the air humidity that air humidity keeps child care greenhouse relative humidity 70-90%.Winter temperature exists Reduce when less than 18 DEG C and water, only keep matrix moistening.
Helen's pocket orchid plant after 1 month restoration ecosystem is cultivated is applied per first quarter moon and sprays nitrogen, phosphorus, a potassium nutrition proportioning and be 20:20:20 ' flower the moreR' 800-1000 times of dilute solution of composite fertilizer, when winter temperature is less than 18 DEG C, stop applying foliage fertilizer, After upper potted plant training root regeneration growth in 3 months, it is 14 to spread fertilizer over the fields nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition proportioning that fertilizer efficiency is half a year on pelvic surface of sacrum: 14:14 long-acting slow-release Osmocote, every plant of 10-20 grain, every half a year is once;
Every spraying one time 35% native bacterium 1800-2500 times of dilution of wettable powder 2 week in cultivation, Or 50% carat manganese 5000-7000 times of dilution of wettable powder, or 800-1000 times of dilution of 75% carbendazim one Secondary, it is used alternatingly;In the 800-1000 times of dilution of flolimat emulsion for spraying 40% another week being separated by, or 50% 250-300 times of dilution of metrifonate once, is used alternatingly;The generation of pest and disease damage can be prevented.
Described cultivation matrix is to plant metal and stone, pine bark and peat soil 3-4 by volume:2-3:1 is well mixed and forms.
Pine bark is soaked after 24-48 hours again with running water flushing 3-5 with running water with after boiling water boiling 30-60 minutes Secondary reuse, plant metal and stone need to running water rinse after reuse.
The collection Helen pocket orchid plant of described step A, which can be field plant, it would however also be possible to employ artificial pollination method Obtaining seed go back to laboratory carries out Helen's pocket orchid plant that aseptic seeding acquisition kind after seedling is planted again.To the quantity of field plant, Habitat (including footpath latitude, height above sea level, association species etc.) and growth conditions etc. carry out complete investigation and record, and it is real to take back soil time Test room and do analysis of physical and chemical property.The plant of in situ conservation need to gather the plant of robust growth, gather in the group more than 10 plants Plant is less than 3 plants, and the only collection blade less than 10 plants goes back to laboratory and does analysis of genetic diversity, clear and definite its with other groups Just decision collecting quantity when there is different genetic background, the plant for the few population of quantity and with genetic diversity, adopts Obtaining seed with artificial pollination method and going back to laboratory carries out aseptic seeding and obtains kind of an after seedling and plant again carrying out in situ conservation.
For planting environment, ground child care greenhouse is being moved using blower fan cascade greenhouse, with inside and outside two-layer sunshade net, external sunshade Black sunshade net of the net for sunshade rate 85%, silver gray sunshade net of the internal sunshade net for sunshade rate 70%.Winter sunlight weak or its During its cloudy day in season, two-layer sunshade net is opened;Shaded using two-layer sunshade net when summer and autumn sunlight is strong, under normal circumstances using outer Sunshade net shades.Winter keeps the temperature at more than 15 DEG C using fuel heating machine, and summer is lowered the temperature using cascade and strengthens divulging information It is maintained at less than 35 DEG C.In the course of cultivation, the good ventilation condition in greenhouse is kept using circulation fan.
One basin cultivation tray kind 2-4 strain, single-strain planting survival rate are low.
The present invention carries out the blue in situ conservation of Helen's pocket using unique cultivation matrix and suitable cultivation management mode, and Succeed, after 1 year, survival rate more than 85% provides effective method for the blue protection of Helen's pocket to introducing and planting.
Specific embodiment:
Following examples are that the present invention is further illustrated, rather than limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
(1) collection of material:
3 plants of plant are gathered in the group more than 10 plants in Guangxi Napo County, are the medium sized fast sea of not blooming that grows up The orchid strain of human relations pocket.
(2) transport of material and packaging:
During collection plant, soil need to be opened with iron Chinese catalpa plane, not hinder root.Prevent from losing with moist liver moss parcel root after collection Water, prevents from extruding in the carton box for being put into ventilation, takes back within second day Guangzhou South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences and moves ground child care greenhouse Middle cultivation.
(3) planting environment:
Ground child care greenhouse is moved using blower fan cascade greenhouse, with inside and outside two-layer sunshade net, external sunshade net is shading rate 85% Black sunshade net, internal sunshade net are 70% silver gray sunshade net.Winter sunlight is weak or during the cloudy day in other in seasons, opens two-layer and hides Screened postive;Shaded using two-layer sunshade net when summer and autumn sunlight is strong, shaded using external sunshade net under normal circumstances.Winter utilizes fuel oil Heating machine keeps the temperature at more than 15 DEG C, and summer is lowered the temperature using cascade and strengthens ventilation and is maintained at less than 35 DEG C.Cultivating Cheng Zhong, keeps the good ventilation condition in greenhouse using circulation fan.
(4) cultivation management mode:
Strict implement quarantine system when introducing a fine variety, prevents pest and disease damage and enters greenhouse.Helen's pocket before planting to introducing a fine variety is blue clear Wash, wash away the soil and worm's ovum on root and leaf, cut rotten rotten leaf, be put into 800 times of carbendazim solution immersion 10min, take out, Dry moisture content after being rinsed with water to plant again.
Cup (cultivation tray) cultivation is cultivated using 2.7 cun of white plastics, 3 plants of kinds are in a basin.Cultivation matrix is plant metal and stone (day This import), pine bark and peat soil (Israel's import) by volume 4:3:1 is prepared.Pine bark need to use 30 points of boiling water boiling Zhong Houyong running water is rinsed 5 times with running water after soaking 48 hours again and is reused, and planting metal and stone need to reuse after being rinsed with running water.
800 times of carbendazim solution is sprayed after the blue basin on just of Helen's pocket of introducing and planting, and molten with 800 times of carbendazim Liquid irrigates matrix, without watering in 15 days.Normal management is entered after 15 days, and 2 days seasons of growth watered once.In cultivation, The air humidity of child care greenhouse relative humidity 70-90% is kept, but air humidity mistake will be prevented in summer high temperature season and winter Greatly with the generation of pre- preventing disease and pest.When autumn dries, in the ground around plant and air, water spray increases air humidity.Winter Reduce when temperature is below 18 DEG C and water, only keep matrix moistening.
After 1 month restoration ecosystem is cultivated, it is 20 to apply per first quarter moon and spray nitrogen, phosphorus, a potassium nutrition proportioning to plant:20:20 ' flower the moreR' composite fertilizer dilutes 800 times of solution, it is sprayed onto till blade face drips every time.When winter temperature is less than 18 DEG C, stop applying Foliage fertilizer.After upper potted plant training root regeneration growth in 3 months, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition proportioning that fertilizer efficiency is half a year is spread fertilizer over the fields on pelvic surface of sacrum For 14:14:14 long-acting slow-release Osmocote, about 10 per plant, every half a year is once.
Every spraying one time 35% native bacterium 1800 times of dilutions of wettable powder, or 50% 2 week in cultivation 7000 times of dilutions of carat manganese wettable powder, or 75% carbendazim, 800 times of dilutions are once, are used alternatingly;It is being separated by Spray in another week 40% 800 times of dilutions of flolimat emulsion, or 50% metrifonate, 400 times of dilutions are once, hand over For use.The generation of pest and disease damage can be prevented.
After introducing and planting 1 year, 3 plants survive, survival rate 100%.
Embodiment 2:
(1) collection of material:
In 4 plants of each collection in 2 groups more than 10 plants where North Vietnam border, totally 8 plants of Helen's pockets are blue Plant, is the medium sized fast non-Flowering Plants that grows up.
(2) transport of material and packaging:
During collection plant, soil need to be opened with iron Chinese catalpa plane, not hinder root.Prevent from losing with moist liver moss parcel root after collection Water, prevents from extruding in the carton box for being put into ventilation, takes back within the 3rd day Guangzhou South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences and moves ground child care greenhouse Middle cultivation.
(3) planting environment:
Ground child care greenhouse is moved using blower fan cascade greenhouse, with inside and outside two-layer sunshade net, external sunshade net is hidden for 85% black Screened postive, internal sunshade net are 70% silver gray sunshade net.Winter sunlight is weak or during the cloudy day in other, opens two-layer sunshade net in seasons; Shaded using two-layer sunshade net when summer and autumn sunlight is strong, shaded using external sunshade net under normal circumstances.Winter utilizes fuel heating Machine keeps the temperature at more than 15 DEG C, and summer is lowered the temperature using cascade and strengthens ventilation and is maintained at less than 35 DEG C.In the course of cultivation, The good ventilation condition in greenhouse is kept using circulation fan.
(4) cultivation management mode:
Strict implement quarantine system when introducing a fine variety, prevents pest and disease damage and enters greenhouse.Helen's pocket before planting to introducing a fine variety is blue clear Wash, wash away the soil and worm's ovum on root and leaf, cut rotten rotten leaf, be put into 900 times of carbendazim solution immersion 20min, take out, Dry moisture content after being rinsed with water to plant again.
Cultivated using 2.7 cun of white plastic cups (cultivation tray), 4 plants of a basin kind.Cultivation matrix for plant metal and stone (Japanese import), Pine bark and peat soil (Israel's import) by volume 3:2:1 is prepared.Pine bark need to use boiling water boiling after 45 minutes with certainly Water is rinsed 4 times with running water after soaking 36 hours again and is reused, and planting metal and stone need to reuse after being rinsed with running water.
Spray the carbendazim solution of 900 times of dilution after the blue basin on just of Helen's pocket of introducing and planting, and with 900 times of dilutions Carbendazim solution irrigates matrix, without watering in 15 days.Normal management is entered after 15 days, and the season of growth is watered once daily.Plant The air humidity of child care greenhouse relative humidity 70-90% during training, is kept, but sky will be prevented in summer high temperature season and winter Air humidity is spent greatly with the generation of pre- preventing disease and pest.When autumn dries, in the ground around plant and air, water spray increase air is wet Degree.Reduce when winter temperature is below 18 DEG C and water, only keep matrix moistening.
After 1 month restoration ecosystem is cultivated, it is 20 to apply per first quarter moon and spray nitrogen, phosphorus, a potassium nutrition proportioning to plant:20:20 ' flower the moreR' 900 times of dilute solutions of composite fertilizer, it is sprayed onto till blade face drips every time.When winter temperature is less than 18 DEG C, stop applying Foliage fertilizer.After upper potted plant training root regeneration growth in 3 months, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition proportioning that fertilizer efficiency is half a year is spread fertilizer over the fields on pelvic surface of sacrum For 14:14:14 long-acting slow-release Osmocote, about 15 per plant, every half a year is once.
Every spraying one time 35% native bacterium 2000 times of dilutions of wettable powder, or 50% 2 week in cultivation 6000 times of dilutions of carat manganese wettable powder, or 75% carbendazim, 900 times of dilutions are once, are used alternatingly;It is being separated by Spray in another week 40% 900 times of dilutions of flolimat emulsion, or 50% metrifonate, 300 times of dilutions are once, hand over For use.The generation of pest and disease damage can be prevented.
After introducing and planting 1 year, 8 plants 7 plants survive, survival rate 87.5%.
Embodiment 3:
(1) collection of material:
2 plant are gathered in the 2 Ge Ge groups in West Guangxi more than 10 plants, and totally 4 plants of Helen's pocket orchid plant, are median size The fast non-Flowering Plants that grows up.
(2) transport of material and packaging:
During collection plant, soil need to be opened with iron Chinese catalpa plane, not hinder root.Prevent from losing with moist liver moss parcel root after collection Water, prevents from extruding in the carton box for being put into ventilation, takes back within the 3rd day Guangzhou South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences and moves ground child care greenhouse Middle cultivation.
(3) planting environment:
Ground child care greenhouse is moved using blower fan cascade greenhouse, with inside and outside two-layer sunshade net, external sunshade net is shading rate 85% Black sunshade net, silver gray sunshade net of the internal sunshade net for shading rate 70%.Winter sunlight is weak or during the cloudy day in other, opens in seasons Two-layer sunshade net;Shaded using two-layer sunshade net when summer and autumn sunlight is strong, shaded using external sunshade net under normal circumstances.Winter profit More than 15 DEG C are kept the temperature at fuel heating machine, summer is lowered the temperature using cascade and strengthens ventilation and is maintained at less than 35 DEG C.? In cultivation, the good ventilation condition in greenhouse is kept using circulation fan.
(4) cultivation management mode:
Strict implement quarantine system when introducing a fine variety, prevents pest and disease damage and enters greenhouse.Helen's pocket before planting to introducing a fine variety is blue clear Wash, wash away the soil and worm's ovum on root and leaf, cut rotten rotten leaf, be put into 1000 times of carbendazim dilute solution immersion 30min, Take out, moisture content is dried after being rinsed with water and planted again.
Cultivated using 2.7 cun of white plastic cups (cultivation tray), 2 plants of a basin kind.Cultivation matrix for plant metal and stone (Japanese import), Pine bark and peat soil (Israel's import) by volume 4:2:1 is prepared.Pine bark need to use boiling water boiling after 60 minutes with certainly Water is rinsed 3 times with running water after soaking 24 hours again and is reused, and planting metal and stone need to reuse after being rinsed with running water.
Spray 1000 times of carbendazim dilute solution after the blue basin on just of Helen's pocket of introducing and planting, and many with 1000 times Bacterium spirit dilute solution irrigates matrix, without watering in 15 days.Normal management is entered after 15 days, and the season of growth watered once per 3 days. The air humidity of child care greenhouse relative humidity 70-90% in cultivation, is kept, but will be prevented in summer high temperature season and winter The excessive generation with pre- preventing disease and pest of air humidity.When autumn dries, in the ground around plant and air, water spray increases air Humidity.Reduce when winter temperature is below 18 DEG C and water, only keep matrix moistening.
After 1 month restoration ecosystem is cultivated, it is 20 to apply per first quarter moon and spray nitrogen, phosphorus, a potassium nutrition proportioning to plant:20:20 ' flower the moreR' composite fertilizer's 1000 times of solution of dilution, when winter temperature is less than 18 DEG C, stops applying foliage fertilizer, be sprayed onto blade face every time Till dripping.After upper potted plant training root regeneration growth in 3 months, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition that fertilizer efficiency is half a year is spread fertilizer over the fields on pelvic surface of sacrum and is matched somebody with somebody Than for 14:14:14 long-acting slow-release Osmocote, about 20 per plant, every half a year is once.
Every spraying one time 35% native bacterium 2500 times of dilutions of wettable powder, or 50% 2 week in cultivation 5000 times of dilutions of carat manganese wettable powder, or 75% carbendazim dilute 1000 times of dilutions once, be used alternatingly;? The flolimat emulsion for spraying 40% another week being separated by dilutes 1000 times of dilutions, or 50% metrifonate, 250 times of dilutions Liquid once, is used alternatingly.The generation of pest and disease damage can be prevented.
After introducing and planting 1 year, 4 plants of plant survive, survival rate 100%.

Claims (4)

1. the method for a kind of Helen's pocket orchid in situ conservation, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
A, the transport of material and packaging:Collection Helen pocket orchid plant, hinders root during collection as far as possible less, for the plant that root system is deeper, Soil is opened with iron Chinese catalpa plane, the moist liver moss parcel root of the plant being collected prevents dehydration, places in the carton box of ventilation Prevent from extruding, be transported to as early as possible to move and cultivate in ground child care greenhouse;
B, planting environment:Move ground child care greenhouse and keep the blue suitable illumination of Helen's pocket, temperature is controlled for 15~35 DEG C, cultivated Good ventilation situation is kept in journey;
C, cultivation management mode:Strict implement quarantine system when introducing a fine variety, prevents pest and disease damage and enters child care greenhouse, before planting to drawing The Helen's pocket orchid cleaning that plants, washes away the soil and worm's ovum on root and leaf, cuts rotten rotten leaf, be put into 800-1000 times of many bacterium Clever dilute solution soaks 10-30min, takes out, and dries moisture content and planted in the cultivation tray containing cultivation matrix again after being rinsed with water;
800-1000 times of carbendazim dilute solution is sprayed after the blue cultivation tray on just of Helen's pocket of introducing and planting, and uses 800- 1000 times of carbendazim dilute solution irrigates cultivation matrix, and the 1-3 days season of growth time waters once, substantially dry in cultivation matrix Just water when dry, in the cultivation of summer and autumn dry season, earthward air humidity is improved with water spray in air, keep protecting Educate greenhouse relative air humidity 70-90%;
After 1 month restoration ecosystem is cultivated, it is 20 to apply per first quarter moon and spray nitrogen, phosphorus, a potassium nutrition proportioning to Helen's pocket orchid plant: 20:20 ' flower the moreR' 800-1000 times of dilute solution of composite fertilizer, when winter temperature is less than 18 DEG C, stop applying foliage fertilizer, After upper potted plant training root regeneration growth in 3 months, it is 14 to spread fertilizer over the fields nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition proportioning that fertilizer efficiency is half a year on pelvic surface of sacrum:14: 14 long-acting slow-release Osmocote, every plant of 10-20 grain, every half a year is once;
Every spraying one time 35% native bacterium 1800-2500 times of dilution of wettable powder 2 week in cultivation, or 50% carat manganese 5000-7000 times of dilution of wettable powder, or 800-1000 times of dilution of 75% carbendazim is once, It is used alternatingly;In the 800-1000 times of dilution of flolimat emulsion for spraying 40% another week being separated by, or 50% enemy hundred 250-300 times of dilution of worm once, is used alternatingly;
Described cultivation matrix is to plant metal and stone, pine bark and peat soil 3-4 by volume:2-3:1 is well mixed and forms.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the collection Helen pocket orchid plant of described step A, Helen's pocket Blue plant is field plant or carries out aseptic seeding acquisition kind after seedling again using artificial pollination method acquisition seed time laboratory Helen's pocket orchid plant of plantation.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that for the planting environment of step B, its are to move ground child care temperature Room adopts blower fan cascade greenhouse, with inside and outside two-layer sunshade net, black sunshade net of the external sunshade net for sunshade rate 85%, internal sunshade Silver gray sunshade net of the net for sunshade rate 70%, winter sunlight is weak or during the cloudy day in other, opens two-layer sunshade net in seasons;Summer and autumn Shaded using two-layer sunshade net when sunlight is strong, shaded using external sunshade net under normal circumstances.Winter makes temperature using fuel heating machine Degree is maintained at more than 15 DEG C, and summer is lowered the temperature using cascade and strengthens ventilation and is maintained at less than 35 DEG C, in the course of cultivation, using ring Flow fan keeps the good ventilation condition in greenhouse.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that dry moisture content after being rinsed with water of described step c and plant again Plant in the cultivation tray containing cultivation matrix, blue per cultivation tray kind 2-4 strain Helen pocket.
CN201610915549.2A 2016-10-20 2016-10-20 A kind of method of Helen's pocket orchid in situ conservation Pending CN106489483A (en)

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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113080000A (en) * 2021-04-08 2021-07-09 中国科学院华南植物园 Method for improving florescence regulation and control of paphiopedilum callosum double-flower rate

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