CN106398031B - Pvc硬质基材及其制备方法与pvc硬质复合板材 - Google Patents

Pvc硬质基材及其制备方法与pvc硬质复合板材 Download PDF

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CN106398031B
CN106398031B CN201610784532.8A CN201610784532A CN106398031B CN 106398031 B CN106398031 B CN 106398031B CN 201610784532 A CN201610784532 A CN 201610784532A CN 106398031 B CN106398031 B CN 106398031B
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CN106398031A (zh
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郦海星
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Jiangsu Kentier Wood Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种PVC硬质基材及其制备方法与PVC硬质复合板材，其中，PVC硬质基材按重量份数包括下述原料：PVC 40‑50份、碳酸钙75‑150份、平衡润滑剂0.6‑1.0份、稳定剂3.0‑5.0份及CPVC 10‑20份。本发明的PVC基材硬度较高，加热尺寸变化率非常小，可以小于等于0.05％，产品的抗冲和韧性等得到增很大地提升，便于后续的加工处理；其次，本发明的PVC硬质复合板材较具有更高的力学强度和较长的使用寿命；同时，本发明的PVC硬质基材采用挤塑方法制备而成，简单易行，容易实现。

Description

PVC硬质基材及其制备方法与PVC硬质复合板材
技术领域
本发明涉及一种板材及其制备方法，尤其涉及一种PVC基材及其制备方法与PVC复合板材。
背景技术
板材以其来源广泛、种类繁多、容易加工等优良特性而广泛应用于家居制造、建筑业以及加工业等领域。按照成型结构来说，板材可大致分为实木板、夹板、木塑板、胶合板和装饰面板等。其中，现有的PVC板材大多添加邻苯或者对苯类的增塑剂，质地较软，加热尺寸变化率较高(达到0.167％)，产品抗冲性能和韧性较差，不利于后续加工。
因此，亟待解决上述技术难题。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明的第一目的是提供一种具备较好力学性能和较长使用寿命的PVC硬质基材；本发明的第二目的是提供该PVC硬质基材的制备方法；本发明的第三目的是提供一种利用PVC硬质基材制成的PVC复合板。
技术方案：本发明所述的PVC硬质基材，按重量份数包括下述原料：PVC 40-50份、碳酸钙75-150份、平衡润滑剂0.6-1.0份、稳定剂3.0-5.0份及CPVC 10-20份。其中，CPVC为氯化聚氯乙烯树脂，其维卡温度(热变形温度)为100-125℃，较高的维卡温度可提高产品的硬度、强度及收缩变化率等性能指标。CPVC的加入加大了分子间的作用力，提高分子链之间的摩擦力，溶体平衡扭矩加大，溶体温度上升，分子间作用力变大，产品的硬度和强度就变大；也是由于溶体平衡扭矩加大，溶体温度上升，产品维卡就提高，产品的收缩率会变小。
本发明所述的另一种PVC硬质基材，按重量份数包括下述原料：PVC 40-50份、碳酸钙75-150份、平衡润滑剂0.6-1.0份、稳定剂4.0-6.0份、CPVC 10-20份及ABS 5-10份。其中，ABS为丙烯腈、丁二烯和苯乙烯的三元共聚物，含有双键化学结构，与CPVC联用时可进一步提高产品的抗冲击性能、耐热性及耐低温性，还具有易加工、制品尺寸稳定等优点。
在此基础上，本发明的PVC硬质基材还可以包括OPE 0.2-0.6份。其中，OPE为氧化聚乙烯蜡(又称OA3)，研究发现，OPE与PVC和CPVC有很好的相容性，能够减小分子间摩擦力，降低溶体温度，加快产品的塑化，同时OPE较PE蜡熔点高，耐温性很好，不易挥发，经过长历程的热高温后在PVC挤出机的模头还能保持优良的脱模效能，因此，OPE与CPVC和ABS联用后能进一步促进塑化，提高产品性能。
进一步地，本发明的PVC硬质基材还可以包括MBS 2-5份。其中，MBS是甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丁二烯和苯乙烯共聚的化合物，研究发现，MBS中的甲基丙烯酸甲酯和苯乙烯链段均为刚性链段，在CPVC塑化初期有利于CPVC粒子的破碎和熔融，从而提高了CPVC的加工性能；MBS共聚物具有典型的核-壳结构，其内核就丁苯橡胶，外壳是聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)，核和壳各自保持特有的性质，同时壳具有和PVC与CPVC有相近的溶解度参数，因此，MBS的加入可与CPVC和ABS共同提高产品的韧性和抗冲击性能。
最后，本发明的PVC硬质基材还可以同时包括OPE 0.2-0.6份和MBS 2-5份，此时的产品性能得到最大程度的提升。
本发明中，所述平衡润滑剂包括内润滑剂和外润滑剂，其中，内润滑剂与外润滑剂的重量比可以为3:1。内润滑剂主要用于调节物料的流动性，利于加工，其可以为G60、3316A等，效果类似；外润滑剂主要便于物料的挤出，提高加工效率，可以为PE蜡，又称聚乙烯蜡，还可以为1801，其效果类似，两者可单独使用，单独或混合使用效果类似。
本发明所述PVC硬质基材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：原料高混至120-125℃，然后冷混至40-45℃时放料至料仓；料仓中的物料进入挤出机挤出塑化，通过模具成型；再经过三辊后自然冷却，裁切得PVC硬质基材。
其中，所述三辊包括依次连接的底纹辊、压花辊和镜面辊。
本发明所述的PVC硬质复合板材，包括PVC硬质基材和分别位于该基材上下表面的半硬质PVC层，得到板材的厚度为3.0-10.0mm；或者包括PVC硬质基材和位于该基材表面依次设置的彩膜和耐磨层，得到板材的厚度为3.0-10.0mm；其中，第一种复合板材的性能效果更优，半硬质PVC层的材料组分参见申请人的另一件专利申请，名称为“PVC基材及其制备方法与PVC复合板材”、申请号为201510479359.6。
其中，可以对制得的PVC硬质板材的表面依次进行UV处理、热水热处理及冷水冷却，再经冲切、开槽得到成品地板。
有益效果：本发明与现有技术相比，其显著优点为：首先，本发明的PVC基材硬度较高，加热尺寸变化率非常小，可以小于等于0.05％，产品的抗冲和韧性等得到增很大地提升，便于后续的加工处理；其次，本发明的PVC硬质复合板材较具有更高的力学强度和较长的使用寿命；同时，本发明的PVC硬质基材采用挤塑方法制备而成，简单易行，容易实现。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明。
实施例1：PVC基材的制备
原料(按重量份计，下同)：PVC 40份、碳酸钙75份、内润滑剂(G60)0.5份、外润滑剂(PE蜡)0.1份、钙锌复合稳定剂(LY21)3.0份及CPVC 10份。
其中，PVC购自安徽华塑，碳酸钙购自镇江星辰，G60购自山东顶好，PE蜡购自德国巴斯夫，LY21购自美国霍尼韦尔，CPVC购自山东高信塑胶。
制备方法：按上述配方将原料高混至120℃，然后冷混至40℃时放料至料仓；料仓中的物料进入挤出机挤出塑化，通过模具成型；经过三辊后自然冷却，裁切得基材；在基材表面依次附耐磨层和彩膜，并用热压机热压，即得硬质PVC基材；可以对硬质PVC基材的表面依次进行UV处理和热水热处理，再经冲切、开槽后即得。
实施例2：PVC基材的制备
原料：PVC 50份、碳酸钙150份、内润滑剂(3316A)0.7份、外润滑剂(1801)0.3份、钙锌复合稳定剂(YQ102)5.0份、CPVC 20份及ABS 10份。
其中，YQ102购自美国霍尼韦尔，ABS购自台湾奇美，其它原料来源与实施例1相同。
制备方法：按上述配方将原料高混至125℃，然后冷混至45℃时放料至料仓；料仓中的物料进入挤出机挤出塑化，通过模具成型；经过三辊后自然冷却，裁切得基材；在基材表面依次附耐磨层和彩膜，并用热压机热压，即得硬质PVC基材；可以对硬质PVC基材的表面依次进行UV处理和热水热处理，再经冲切、开槽后即得。
实施例3：PVC基材的制备
原料：PVC 45份、碳酸钙90份、内润滑剂(G60)0.6份、外润滑剂(PE蜡)0.2份、钙锌复合稳定剂(CZ96)4.0份、CPVC 15份、ABS 5份及OPE 0.2份。
其中，CZ96购自美国霍尼韦尔，OPE购自巴斯夫，其它原料来源与实施例1相同。
制备方法：按上述配方将原料高混至122℃，然后冷混至42℃时放料至料仓；料仓中的物料进入挤出机挤出塑化，通过模具成型；经过三辊后自然冷却，裁切得基材；在基材表面依次附耐磨层和彩膜，并用热压机热压，即得硬质PVC基材；可以对硬质PVC基材的表面依次进行UV处理和热水热处理，再经冲切、开槽后即得。
表1实施例1-3制备的PVC基材性能对比表
实施例4：
原料：PVC 40份、碳酸钙75份、内润滑剂(G60)0.5份、外润滑剂(PE蜡)0.1份、钙锌复合稳定剂(LY21)3.0份及CPVC。
设计8组平行试验，CPVC含量分别为5份、10份、12份、14份、16份、18份、20份及25份。
制备方法与实施例1相同。
表2不同含量的CPVC树脂制备的基材性能对比表
如表2可知，随着CPVC树脂含量的提升，基材的性能曲线表现为先上升后微降的趋势，这是由于CPVC的加入量越高，分子间的作用力最大，分子链之间的摩擦力越强，溶体平衡扭矩越大，产品的硬度和强度就变大，产品的收缩率会变小。
实施例5：
原料：PVC 50份、碳酸钙150份、内润滑剂(3316A)0.7份、外润滑剂(1801)0.3份、钙锌复合稳定剂(YQ102)5.0份、CPVC 20份及ABS。
设计8组平行试验，ABS的含量分别为2份、5份、6份、7份、8份、9份、10份、14份。
制备方法与实施例1相同。
表3不同含量的ABS制备的基材性能对比表
实施例6：
原料：PVC 45份、碳酸钙90份、内润滑剂(G60)0.6份、外润滑剂(PE蜡)0.2份、钙锌复合稳定剂(CZ96)4.0份、CPVC 15份、ABS 5份及OPE。
设计8组平行试验，OPE的含量分别为0.1份、0.2份、0.3份、0.35份、0.4份、0.5份、0.6份、0.8份。
制备方法与实施例1相同。
表4不同含量的OPE作原料制备的基材性能对比表
实施例7：
原料：PVC 45份、碳酸钙90份、内润滑剂(G60)0.6份、外润滑剂(PE蜡)0.2份、钙锌复合稳定剂(CZ96)4.0份、CPVC 15份、ABS 5份及OPE0.2份及MBS。
设计8组平行试验，MBS的含量分别为1份、2份、2.5份、3份、3.5份、4份、5份、7份。
制备方法与实施例1相同。
表5不同含量的MBS作原料制备的基材性能对比表

Claims (7)

1.一种PVC硬质基材，其特征在于，按重量份数包括下述原料：PVC 40-50份、碳酸钙75-150份、平衡润滑剂0.6-1.0份、稳定剂4.0-6.0份、CPVC 10-20份、ABS 5-10份及OPE0.5-0.6份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的PVC硬质基材，其特征在于，还包括MBS 2-5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的PVC硬质基材，其特征在于，所述平衡润滑剂包括内润滑剂和外润滑剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述PVC硬质基材的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：原料高混至120-125℃，然后冷混至40-45℃时放料至料仓；料仓中的物料进入挤出机挤出塑化，通过模具成型；再经过三辊后自然冷却，裁切得PVC硬质基材。
5.根据权利要求4所述PVC硬质基材的制备方法，其特征在于：所述三辊包括依次连接的底纹辊、压花辊和镜面辊。
6.一种PVC硬质复合板材，其特征在于，包括PVC硬质基材和分别位于该基材上下表面的半硬质PVC层；其中，所述PVC硬质基材为权利要求1-3任一所述PVC硬质基材或权利要求4或5所述方法制备得到的PVC硬质基材。
7.一种PVC硬质复合板材，其特征在于，包括PVC硬质基材和位于该基材表面依次设置的彩膜和耐磨层；其中，所述PVC硬质基材为权利要求1-3任一所述PVC硬质基材或权利要求4或5所述方法制备得到的PVC硬质基材。
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