CN106380243A - Fertilizer special for continuous cropping of plantycodon grandiflorum - Google Patents

Fertilizer special for continuous cropping of plantycodon grandiflorum Download PDF

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CN106380243A
CN106380243A CN201610727140.8A CN201610727140A CN106380243A CN 106380243 A CN106380243 A CN 106380243A CN 201610727140 A CN201610727140 A CN 201610727140A CN 106380243 A CN106380243 A CN 106380243A
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fertilizer
balloonflower root
potassium
root
continuous cropping
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CN106380243B (en
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祝丽香
李松涛
车勇
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Shandong Agricultural University
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Shandong Agricultural University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
    • C05B1/02—Superphosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a fertilizer special for continuous cropping of plantycodon grandiflorum. The fertilizer comprises a base fertilizer and an additional fertilizer. The base fertilizer combines controlled-release urea with conventional urea to regulate nitrogen supply of soil, so that nutrient supply in the whole growth period coincides with the nutrient needs of plantycodon grandiflorum. Potassium humate and potassium sulfate are employed to replace the traditional 100% potassium sulfate base fertilizer, the organic matter content of soil can be increased, and the soil is improved. Also potassium humate has slow-release effect, combined application of potassium humate and potassium sulfate can reach complementation of rapidly available potassium and slowly available potassium, thus enhancing the utilization efficiency of potassium. At the same time, the fertilizer can supplement trace elements copper, iron, manganese, calcium and zinc, adjust soil trace element imbalance caused by continuous cropping, and restore soil nutrient balance, thus being more suitable for continuous cropping planting of plantycodon grandiflorum.

Description

A kind of balloonflower root continuous cropping special fertilizer
Technical field
The present invention relates to Chinese medicine plant technical field, it is related to a kind of balloonflower root continuous cropping special fertilizer.
Background technology
Balloonflower root (plantycodon grandiflorum (Jcaq.) A.DC) is Campanulaceae herbaceos perennial, is me State important edible, medicinal, the multiduty economic plants such as view and admire, main product is in Shandong, Anhui, Inner Mongol, Jilin and other places.With vegetables Compare, balloonflower root cultivation technique is simple, planting benefit is high.Order about with economic interests because cultivated area limits, balloonflower root continuous cropping can not keep away Exempt from.The long potential difference of continuous cropping field balloonflower root, yield poorly, quality decline.For improving balloonflower root yield and quality, medicinal herb grower increases applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, But effect is unsatisfactory, administration agriculture causes the not enough illusion of rate of fertilizer so that continuing to increase applying quantity of chemical fertilizer.This not only increases Add the financial burden of medicinal herb grower, and cause environmental pollution.
The balloonflower root place of production adopts similar fertilising side to the field of First Year kind planting platycodon radix with planting the field that planting platycodon radix was more than 2 years Formula, difference is that the field dose more than 2 years of kind of planting platycodon radix is higher than the field of First Year kind planting platycodon radix.Place of production habits fertilization Fertilizer type be mainly N P and K (N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15) composite fertilizer and common urea, base manure amount of application accounts for gives birth to entirely Educate the 80% of phase dose, topdressing is in late July to August part depending on weather condition, spread fertilizer over the fields N P and K before selecting rain and be combined Fertilizer or common urea.There is problems with this fertilization mode：
1. base manure amount of application exceedes the uptake of balloonflower root seedling-slowing stage, causes utilization rate of fertilizer low
Balloonflower root is transplanted with fleshy root, is the seedling-slowing stage after balloonflower root is transplanted in 30-45 days after transplanting.During this period, one Aspect is that balloonflower root adapts to new growing environment and produces the process of root hair and radicula, and balloonflower root root head rudiment simultaneously forms the aerial stem of plant Leaf portion is divided, and the required nutrient of growth supplies mainly by balloonflower root fleshy root；The composite fertilizer that place of production habits fertilization mode base manure applies and Common urea is quick-acting fertilizer, nearly 30 days of fertilizer releasing period, and nutrients release peak period is to apply in latter 10-15 days, so that base Fertilizer nutrient release is inharmonious with balloonflower root Nutrient Absorption, causes the nutrient of release or runs off to underground deep layer soil or evaporate into sky In gas, nutrientuse efficiency is low.
2. topdressed in the mode of spreading fertilizer over the fields and be also easy to produce burn seedlings phenomenon
First, spread fertilizer over the fields uneven, often occur spreading to blade or at root neck；Second, rain after spreading fertilizer over the fields, fertilizer is molten rapidly Solution causes local concentration too high, so that producing burn seedlings or bad root phenomenon；3rd, if not raining after spreading fertilizer over the fields, fertilizer is exposed to native table, Nutrients release evaporates in the air and causes air pollution.
3. there is notable difference to N. P. K absorption ratio in the nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio that fertilizer applies and balloonflower root
The research such as Zhu Lixiang finds that balloonflower root is 1 to the assimilation ratio of N P and K:0.28:0.48, and place of production habits fertilization Nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 1:1:1 causes phosphorus, potassium to be enriched with soil.
4. ignore the administration of trace-element fertilizer
In balloonflower root growing area, continuous cropping field balloonflower root fertilization mode is identical with first time kind planting platycodon radix field.Because continuous cropping has been made Become balloonflower root field soil nutrient unbalance, such as 2-6 balloonflower root continuous cropping field found with First Year kind planting platycodon radix field Analysis on Soil Nutrients, Continuous cropping causes available nitrogen in soil, available phosphorus content to raise, and the phenomenon that effective potassium content declines.Soil trace element and first Year plantation is compared appearance and is significantly changed, and as increased with the continuous cropping time limit, soil magnesium, iron content are on a declining curve, and manganese content is presented The trend of liter, continuous cropping 3-4 zinc in soil and calcium content are significantly higher than the soil of First Year kind planting platycodon radix, and the 2nd year, the 5th year notable Soil less than First Year kind planting platycodon radix.Different continuous cropping time limit soil copper content changes are not notable.This is accomplished by according to continuous cropping field Change of soil nutrient and balloonflower root apply fertilizer to the absorption characteristic of nutrient.
The research of existing balloonflower root dose and fertilizer practice is all that the field for conventional First Year kind planting platycodon radix is carried out Fertilising research.A kind of Fertilizer special for platycodon grandiflorum and fertilizing method (Application No. CN201210443322.4) are using conventional npk fertilizer With trace-element fertilizer compounding application, fertilization mode is soil application, to increase balloonflower root yield.This invention fertilising is using twice Fertilization mode, radix heap consumption only accounts for 20%, and the nitrogen consumption that topdresses accounts for 80%.The general 20-25cm of line-spacing of balloonflower root plantation, strain Away from 5-8cm, balloonflower root growth period imposes 80% nitrogenous fertilizer, field operating difficulties, and depth of topdressing is difficult to control to.Fertilizer buries shallow, holds Volatile loss, fertilizer buries and deeply then easily injures balloonflower root main root when trench digging imposes, and leads to a large amount of formation of lateral root to reduce balloonflower roots Exterior quality；A kind of durable inorganic balloonflower root compound fertilizer special (application number CN201210443345.5) is using control release urea, general Logical urea mixes the balloonflower root compound fertilizer special making, this patent to the effect that fertilizer formula with trace element, pig manure, stalk And method for preparing fertilizer, it is not directed to dose and the content of fertilizer practice aspect, and dose and fertilizer practice are to determine balloonflower root The key of yield and quality；A kind of slow-release fertilizer dedicated and preparation method thereof (patent of balloonflower root with biological particles charcoal as matrix Application No. CN103011999A) this patent to the effect for preparing platycodon root slow release fertilizer method using agricultural wastes, and this is special The using method of sharp fertilizer is Base-appling once, is not directed to the term of validity of this slow release fertilizer.Balloonflower root breeding time be up to 6 months, that is, 180 days, this patent only used biologic grain carbon pressure system to form granular fertilizer, and the sustained release phase has uncertainty it is impossible to meet balloonflower root whole The demand to nutrient for the breeding time.The patent of mandate at present：Chinese medicine balloonflower root special-purpose control-release fertilizer and its preparation and application (patent Shen Please number CN1022858446A), its to the effect that preparation of balloonflower root special N P and K release and release control fertilizer and application process, it is not directed to The content to absorption of trace elements and trace-element fertilizer administration aspect for the balloonflower root.Selectivity soil nutrient being absorbed because of balloonflower root, The changes of contents of continuous cropping balloonflower root field soil trace element and its proportional imbalance are the one of the main reasons causing balloonflower root continuous cropping obstacle. The special-purpose control-release fertilizer of this patent Demand Design to N P and K according only to balloonflower root is it is impossible to meet continuous cropping field balloonflower root to micro- Demand.
More than it is in patent open or that authorization stages are in terms of balloonflower root fertilising, its content is all for non-continuous cropping field Balloonflower root is planted, and has no the patent application planting fertilising aspect for continuous cropping field balloonflower root.Balloonflower root continuous cropping field soil nutrient content and its There is very big difference in the soil nutrient of ratio and non-balloonflower root continuous cropping field and its ratio.Lack special for continuous cropping balloonflower root field at present Research with fertilizer formula and application technique aspect.
Content of the invention
The present invention is directed to many weak points that prior art exists in terms of fertilising planted by continuous cropping balloonflower root, there is provided a kind of Balloonflower root continuous cropping special fertilizer and its application process.Fertilizer is divided into base manure and topdresses two parts, adopt in base manure control release urea with common Urea combines, the supply of regulation and control Nitrogen In Soils element, accomplishes that time of infertility nutrient supply is matched with balloonflower root nutrient demand；Using Humic acid potassium and potassium sulfate substitute traditional 100% potassium sulfate and make base manure, can increase soil organic matter content, improved soil.And Humic acid potassium has slow releasing function, joins with potassium sulfate to apply and reaches that available potassium and slowly available potassium are complementary, improves the utilization ratio of potassium；Simultaneously Microelement-supplementing copper, iron, manganese, calcium, zinc, adjustment causes soil trace element unbalance because of continuous cropping, recovers soil nutrient balance, more Plus it is suitable to balloonflower root continuous cropping plantation.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows：
A kind of balloonflower root continuous cropping special fertilizer, including base manure and topdressing, wherein every mu of consumption of base manure is：
Control release urea 20-25kg, common urea 4-6kg, calcium superphosphate 18-22kg, humic acid potassium 25-28kg, potassium sulfate 5-7kg, copper sulphate 20-25g, iron chloride 45-55g, calcium oxide 40-60g, zinc chloride 6-8g；
The every mu of consumption that topdresses is：Topdress A：Spray aqueous solution 30kg, wherein potassium sulfate 0.1wt%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.05wt%；Topdress B：Spray aqueous solution 30kg, wherein sea God's rich biological organic liquid fertilizer content is 0.3vt%, shitosan 0.08wt%.
Preferred amount of application：Every mu of consumption of base manure is control release urea 20kg, common urea 5kg, calcium superphosphate 19kg, corruption POTASSIUM PHYTATE 25kg, potassium sulfate 5kg, copper sulphate 25g, iron chloride 55g, calcium oxide 40g, zinc chloride 8g.
Present invention employs base manure directly to spread fertilizer over the fields, the mode of the foliage-spray that topdresses, adopt in base manure control release urea with common Urea combines, the supply of regulation and control Nitrogen In Soils element, accomplishes that time of infertility nutrient supply is matched with balloonflower root nutrient demand；Using Humic acid potassium and potassium sulfate substitute traditional 100% potassium sulfate and make base manure, can increase soil organic matter content, improved soil.And Humic acid potassium has slow releasing function, joins with potassium sulfate to apply and reaches that available potassium and slowly available potassium are complementary, improves the utilization ratio of potassium；Simultaneously Microelement-supplementing copper, iron, manganese, calcium, zinc, adjustment causes soil trace element unbalance because of continuous cropping, recovers soil nutrient balance；
When topdressing, the absorption rate to nutrient for the balloonflower root can be improved using foliage spray：Late July balloonflower root enters fruiting period, Now the part nutrient needed for balloonflower root fruit development is supplied by root；Adopt in the present invention blade face join apply supplementary npk fertilizer with Slow down the consumption to balloonflower root root nutrient for the fruit development, improve balloonflower root Root yield；Late August and September northern China enter drying In autumn, Leaf of Platycodon Grandiflorum senesces, and sprays organic liquid fertilizer and shitosan mixed liquor reaches raising Leaf of Platycodon Grandiflorum vigor and postpones to decline Always, spray shitosan and can improve balloonflower root drought-resistant ability and resistance against diseases, promote the growth of balloonflower root.
The invention also discloses the using method of the above-mentioned fertilizer of cooperation is as follows：
1. balloonflower root is transplanted, is applied base manure
Before site preparation bedding, by control release urea, common urea, calcium superphosphate, humic acid potassium, potassium sulfate mixing in base manure all Even, spread fertilizer over the fields ground, then plough deeply, bedding；Start kind of a planting platycodon radix in clear and bright latter 10 days；According to line-spacing 25cm, the deep 20cm of trench digging；Pour Water, by spacing in the rows 5cm kind planting platycodon radix kind root after oozing under water；Afterwards by the copper sulphate of prescription amount, iron chloride, calcium oxide and zinc chloride Mix with fine earth, be sprinkled into earthing in ditch；
2. topdress using foliage spray mode, dressing fertilizer is carried out according to different times plant growing way and growth and development characteristicses Material：Topdress altogether three times：
For the first time：Late July：Spray the A that topdresses：30kg/ mu；
Second：Late August:Spray the B that topdresses：30kg/ mu；
For the third time：Late September：Spray the B that topdresses：30kg/ mu.
Coordinate the balloonflower root implantation methods of above-mentioned fertilizing method as follows：
1. balloonflower root is transplanted, is applied base manure
Before site preparation bedding, by control release urea, common urea, calcium superphosphate, humic acid potassium, potassium sulfate mixing in base manure all Even, spread fertilizer over the fields ground, then plough deeply, bedding；Start kind of a planting platycodon radix in clear and bright latter 10 days；According to line-spacing 25cm, the deep 20cm of trench digging；Pour Water, by spacing in the rows 5cm kind planting platycodon radix kind root after oozing under water；Afterwards by the copper sulphate of prescription amount, iron chloride, calcium oxide and zinc chloride Mix with fine earth, be sprinkled into earthing in ditch；
2. the field management in growth period
Balloonflower root field management is simple, mainly weeding；From being transplanted to needs 20 days about of emerging, balloonflower root seedling growth delays Slowly.Main field management works as weeding during this period, prevents farmland running to weeds；
3. topdress using foliage spray mode, dressing fertilizer is carried out according to different times plant growing way and growth and development characteristicses Material：Topdress altogether three times：
For the first time：Late July：Spray the A that topdresses：30kg/ mu；
Second：Late August:Spray the B that topdresses：30kg/ mu；
For the third time：Late September：Spray the B that topdresses：30kg/ mu；
4. harvest
Start mid-October to harvest balloonflower root：First cut off aerial part, then start to dig balloonflower root from one end of balloonflower root kind planting-line, Dig root, clean soil, drain away the water；
5. process
(1). medicinal processing：Take advantage of fresh strike off epidermis, airing, after balloonflower root root fully be dried after store；
(2). edible processing：Take advantage of and fresh strike off epidermis, chopping, airing to water content 50% about, further according to edible processing mesh Be processed further process.
Using fertilizer disclosed above and its application process, inventor has carried out all selecting in Taian Shandong and Boshan Shandong Province The continuous cropping balloonflower root field of 4 years has carried out field test, it is found that：
Although the fertilising input ratio place of production habits fertilization of the present invention puts into and increased 173.06 yuan/mu, per mu yield but has It is greatly improved, specifically compare data such as following table：
Table 1 Different Fertilization balloonflower root Root yield compares (fresh weight)
And testing result such as following table is carried out to the balloonflower root quality obtaining：
The comparative analysis to balloonflower root quality for the table 2 Different Fertilization mode
Note：In same column, different letters represent difference during variance analysis and reach 5% notable, and it is not notable that same letter represents difference, In following table, the representative implication of letter is identical.
It can be seen that technical scheme is in Taian Shandong kind planting platycodon radix soluble sugar and iron content and place of production habits fertilization Mode difference is not notable, and copper content is substantially less than place of production habits fertilization mode, and total saponins of platycodon grandiflorum, crude protein, zinc and content of magnesium show Writing is higher than place of production habits fertilization mode；In Boshan Shandong Province kind planting platycodon radix soluble sugar, copper, iron content and place of production habits fertilization mode Difference is not notable, and content of magnesium is substantially less than place of production traditional fertilization mode, and total saposins, crude protein, Zn content are significantly higher than the place of production Habits fertilization mode.Total saposins are the balloonflower root principle active component with therapeutic action with health role, and zinc is needed by human Trace element is also the main trace element lacking in China's meals.Total saposins and Zn content increase are conducive to improving balloonflower root Health-care effect.
In sum, technical scheme provided by the present invention makes great progress than prior art, is that one kind is directed to The dedicated fertilizer of balloonflower root continuous cropping plantation and application process, can greatly improve the yield and quality of balloonflower root, can adjust because of continuous cropping simultaneously Cause soil trace element unbalance, recover soil nutrient balance.
Specific embodiment
To further illustrate the present invention with reference to embodiment, those skilled in the art can be made to be more completely understood by this Bright, but limit the present invention never in any form.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of balloonflower root continuous cropping special fertilizer, in its formula, every mu of consumption of base manure is：
Control release urea 20kg, common urea 5kg, calcium superphosphate 19kg, humic acid potassium 25kg, potassium sulfate 5kg, copper sulphate 25g, iron chloride 55g, calcium oxide 40g, zinc chloride 8g；
The every mu of consumption that topdresses is the A that topdresses：Spray aqueous solution 30kg, wherein potassium sulfate 0.1wt%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.05wt%；Topdress B：Spray aqueous solution 30kg, wherein sea God's rich biological organic liquid fertilizer content is 0.3vt%, shitosan 0.08wt%；
Apply the balloonflower root continuous cropping implantation methods of this fertilizer as follows：
1. balloonflower root is transplanted, is applied base manure
Before site preparation bedding, by control release urea, common urea, calcium superphosphate, humic acid potassium, potassium sulfate mixing in base manure all Even, spread fertilizer over the fields ground, then plough deeply, bedding；Start kind of a planting platycodon radix in clear and bright latter 10 days；According to line-spacing 25cm, the deep 20cm of trench digging；Pour Water, by spacing in the rows 5cm kind planting platycodon radix kind root after oozing under water；Afterwards by the copper sulphate of prescription amount, iron chloride, calcium oxide and zinc chloride Mix with fine earth, be sprinkled into earthing in ditch；
2. the field management in growth period
Balloonflower root field management is simple, mainly weeding, and from being transplanted to needs 20 days about of emerging, balloonflower root seedling growth delays Slowly.Main field management works as weeding during this period, prevents farmland running to weeds；
3. topdress using foliage spray mode, dressing fertilizer is carried out according to different times plant growing way and growth and development characteristicses Material：Topdress altogether three times：
For the first time：Late July：Spray the A that topdresses：30kg/ mu；
Second：Late August:Spray the B that topdresses：30kg/ mu；
For the third time：Late September：Spray the B that topdresses：30kg/ mu.
4. harvest
Start mid-October to harvest balloonflower root：First cut off aerial part, then start to dig balloonflower root from one end of balloonflower root kind planting-line, Dig root, clean soil, drain away the water.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of balloonflower root continuous cropping special fertilizer, in its formula, every mu of consumption of base manure is：
Control release urea 25kg, common urea 6kg, calcium superphosphate 22kg, humic acid potassium 28kg, potassium sulfate 7kg, copper sulphate 25g, iron chloride 55g, calcium oxide 60g, zinc chloride 6g；
The every mu of consumption that topdresses is the A that topdresses：Spray aqueous solution 30kg, wherein potassium sulfate 0.1wt%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.05wt%；Topdress B：Spray aqueous solution 30kg, wherein sea God's rich biological organic liquid fertilizer content is 0.3vt%, shitosan 0.08wt%；
Apply the balloonflower root continuous cropping implantation methods of this fertilizer as follows：
1. balloonflower root is transplanted, is applied base manure
Before site preparation bedding, by control release urea, common urea, calcium superphosphate, humic acid potassium, potassium sulfate mixing in base manure all Even, spread fertilizer over the fields ground, then plough deeply, bedding；Start kind of a planting platycodon radix in clear and bright latter 10 days；According to line-spacing 25cm, the deep 20cm of trench digging；Pour Water, by spacing in the rows 5cm kind planting platycodon radix kind root after oozing under water；Afterwards by the copper sulphate of prescription amount, iron chloride, calcium oxide and zinc chloride Mix with fine earth, be sprinkled into earthing in ditch；
2. the field management in growth period
Balloonflower root field management is simple, mainly weeding；From being transplanted to needs 20 days about of emerging, balloonflower root seedling growth delays Slowly.Main field management works as weeding during this period, prevents farmland running to weeds；
3. topdress using foliage spray mode, dressing fertilizer is carried out according to different times plant growing way and growth and development characteristicses Material：Topdress altogether three times：
For the first time：Late July：Spray the A that topdresses：30kg/ mu；
Second：Late August:Spray the B that topdresses：30kg/ mu；
For the third time：Late September：Spray the B that topdresses：30kg/ mu.
4. harvest
Start mid-October to harvest balloonflower root：First cut off aerial part, then start to dig balloonflower root from one end of balloonflower root kind planting-line, Dig root, clean soil, drain away the water.
Embodiment 3：
A kind of balloonflower root continuous cropping special fertilizer, in its formula, every mu of consumption of base manure is：
Control release urea 22kg, common urea 4kg, calcium superphosphate 18kg, humic acid potassium 27kg, potassium sulfate 6kg, copper sulphate 20g, iron chloride 45g, calcium oxide 50g, zinc chloride 7g；
The every mu of consumption that topdresses is the A that topdresses：Spray aqueous solution 30kg, wherein potassium sulfate 0.1wt%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.05wt%；Topdress B：Spray aqueous solution 30kg, wherein sea God's rich biological organic liquid fertilizer content is 0.3vt%, shitosan 0.08wt%；
Apply the balloonflower root continuous cropping implantation methods of this fertilizer as follows：
1. balloonflower root is transplanted, is applied base manure
Before site preparation bedding, by control release urea, common urea, calcium superphosphate, humic acid potassium, potassium sulfate mixing in base manure all Even, spread fertilizer over the fields ground, then plough deeply, bedding；Start kind of a planting platycodon radix in clear and bright latter 10 days；According to line-spacing 25cm, the deep 20cm of trench digging；Pour Water, by spacing in the rows 5cm kind planting platycodon radix kind root after oozing under water；Afterwards by the copper sulphate of prescription amount, iron chloride, calcium oxide and zinc chloride Mix with fine earth, be sprinkled into earthing in ditch；
2. the field management in growth period
Balloonflower root field management is simple, mainly weeding；From being transplanted to needs 20 days about of emerging, balloonflower root seedling growth delays Slowly.Main field management works as weeding during this period, prevents farmland running to weeds；
3. topdress using foliage spray mode, dressing fertilizer is carried out according to different times plant growing way and growth and development characteristicses Material：Topdress altogether three times：
For the first time：Late July：Spray the A that topdresses：30kg/ mu；
Second：Late August:Spray the B that topdresses：30kg/ mu；
For the third time：Late September：Spray the B that topdresses：30kg/ mu.
4. harvest
Start mid-October to harvest balloonflower root：First cut off aerial part, then start to dig balloonflower root from one end of balloonflower root kind planting-line, Dig root, clean soil, drain away the water.
Comparative example：
Carry out field experiment in Boshan Shandong Province and Taian Shandong as follows：
1. experimental design
T1Place of production habits fertilization：Base manure is common urea 20kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 30kg, calcium superphosphate 20kg, topdresses Selection is mixed according to common urea 5kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 5kg every time in late July and mid-August using the mode of spreading fertilizer over the fields Spread fertilizer over the fields before rain；
T2Apply fertilizer for place of production conventional fertilizer application decrement 25%；
R1Technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
R2Inventive formulation 1 decrement 25%, only late July of topdressing sprays potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor；Experiment Result
From table 3 it can be seen that fertilization mode significantly affects the economical character of balloonflower root.Growth animated period place of production habits fertilization tangerine The plant height of stalk and leaf area per plant are significantly higher than present invention fertilising (R1), fertilizer treatment balloonflower root stem of the present invention thick in place of production custom Fertilising but difference is not notable.This is quick-acting fertilizer with place of production habits fertilization, and nutrient releasing speed promotes balloonflower root to grow soon, and Fertilizer used by the present invention adds quick-acting urea based on release and release control fertilizer so that nutrients release is slowly relevant.With normal dose phase Reduce that the plant height of balloonflower root, stem be thick and leaf area than, decrement 25% fertilizer treatment, show that dose impact balloonflower root grows.
The impact (growth animated period) to balloonflower root economical character for the table 3 Different Fertilization mode
Illustrate grow animated period be bloom in June before balloonflower root nourish and grow the most vigorous period；Four kinds of Taian Shandong is adopted in table Fertilization mode, four kinds of fertilization modes of Boshan Shandong Province carry out variance analysis respectively.
2. the impact of pair chlorophyll content
Chlorophyll content is closely related with leaf photosynthesis, affects balloonflower root dry-matter accumulation.From table 4, it can be seen that it is whole In individual breeding time, the balloonflower root chlorophyll content of Boshan Shandong Province plantation is above the balloonflower root of Taian Shandong plantation.Chlorophyll content is being given birth to Long animated period highest, is gradually reduced, fruiting period is minimum afterwards.Florescence different fertilization chlorophyll content difference is not notable, Growth animated period Taian Shandong, the balloonflower root place of production habits fertilization of Boshan Shandong Province plantation and 25% two kind of place of production habits fertilization decrement Fertilizer treatment is all remarkably higher than present invention fertilising and present invention fertilising decrement 25%, and fruiting period is in then contrary variation tendency. This explanation present invention fertilising and its decrement 25% fertilising are conducive to improving the photosynthesis of balloonflower root late growth stage, improve Root yield.
The impact (%) to balloonflower root chlorophyll content for table 4 different fertilization
Carry out variance respectively using four kinds of fertilization modes of Taian Shandong, four kinds of fertilization modes of Boshan Shandong Province in explanation table to divide Analysis.
3. the impact of pair improving activity of root system
Table 5 shows, the growth each fertilizer treatment of animated period is poor in the balloonflower root improving activity of root system of Boshan Shandong Province and Taian Shandong plantation Different not notable, florescence is consistent with the balloonflower root improving activity of root system variation tendency that fruiting period different regions are planted, and the present invention applies fertilizer and this The balloonflower root improving activity of root system of invention decrement 25% fertilising is above place of production habits fertilization and decrement 25% yield habits fertilization, Er Qiesui Dose reduces balloonflower root improving activity of root system and declines therewith.The energy that the size of improving activity of root system shows balloonflower root root aging degree and absorbs nutrient Power, balloonflower root late growth stage improving activity of root system can improve the absorbability to soil nutrient by force.This test result indicate that fruiting period this The improving activity of root system of invention fertilizer treatment Boshan Shandong Province kind planting platycodon radix is higher than place of production habits fertilization 27.30%, and Taian Shandong is then high 25.88%.
Impact (the mg g to balloonflower root improving activity of root system for table 5 different fertilization-1·h-1)
Carry out variance respectively using four kinds of fertilization modes of Taian Shandong, four kinds of fertilization modes of Boshan Shandong Province in explanation table to divide Analysis.
4. the impact of pair dry-matter accumulation
Other process are above using each organ dry matter accumulation of fertilization mode balloonflower root of the present invention and complete stool dry matter accumulation, Higher respectively than place of production habits fertilization in Taian Shandong, Boshan Shandong Province fertilization mode of the present invention balloonflower root root dry matter accumulation amount 21.01%th, 18.26%.The balloonflower root root dry matter accumulation amount of Taian Shandong plantation is less than the balloonflower root of Boshan Shandong Province plantation, and Then Taian Shandong is higher than Boshan Shandong Province to complete stool dry matter accumulation amount.Take temperature from each organ dry matter accumulation, Taian Shandong stem does Material accumulation is higher than Boshan Shandong Province, on the contrary and leaf portion.This is also mountain area with Boshan Shandong Province balloonflower root growing area, and Taian Shandong is Plain leads to balloonflower root growing area miniclimate difference relevant.
The impact (g/ strain) to balloonflower root dry-matter accumulation for the table 6 Different Fertilization mode
Carry out variance respectively using four kinds of fertilization modes of Taian Shandong, four kinds of fertilization modes of Boshan Shandong Province in explanation table to divide Analysis.
5. the impact of pair incidence of disease
The healthy growth of fertilising impact balloonflower root, and then affect its premunition.As can be seen from Table 7, fertilization mode of the present invention And the decrement 25% fertilization mode balloonflower root root rot incidence of disease is substantially less than place of production habits fertilization and the place of production custom of decrement 25% is applied Fertile mode, shows that fertilization mode of the present invention can promote balloonflower root to grow up strong and sturdy, and strengthens premunition.
The impact of the table 7 Different Fertilization mode degree balloonflower root incidence of disease
6. the impact of pair yield
Different Fertilization mode affects the appearance characteristics of balloonflower root root, reduces dose and can promote Root length growth, practises with the place of production Used fertilising is compared, and fertilization mode of the present invention increases balloonflower root root length, root slightly, improves balloonflower root yield.In Taian Shandong, the present invention applies fertilizer Mode increases production 41.81% than place of production habits fertilization, and in Boshan Shandong Province, fertilization mode of the present invention increases production than place of production habits fertilization 52.37%, this is applied fertilizer with the present invention and reduces the balloonflower root root incidence of disease, promotes balloonflower root root growth closely related.
The impact to yield for the table 8 Different Fertilization mode
Carry out variance respectively using four kinds of fertilization modes of Taian Shandong, four kinds of fertilization modes of Boshan Shandong Province in explanation table to divide Analysis.
7. the impact of pair quality
Adopt fertilization mode of the present invention solvable with decrement 25% fertilization mode balloonflower root in Taian Shandong and Boshan Shandong Province two places Property sugared content not notable with place of production habits fertilization balloonflower root soluble sugar content difference, but be significantly higher than decrement 25% the place of production custom Fertilising；And total saposins and crude protein contain then present invention fertilising and are significantly higher than place of production habits fertilization with its decrement 25% fertilization mode； In trace element, in each fertilization mode, iron content difference is not notable；In Taian Shandong, fertilization mode balloonflower root zinc of the present invention, magnesium contain Amount is significantly higher than other fertilization modes, and in Boshan Shandong Province, fertilization mode of the present invention and its decrement 25% fertilising Zn content are significantly high In place of production habits fertilization mode, and content of magnesium then place of production habits fertilization is significantly higher than fertilizer treatment of the present invention；In Taian Shandong, this Invention fertilizer treatment is minimum with content, and Boshan Shandong Province then each fertilization mode is shown in that difference is not notable.
The impact to balloonflower root quality for the table 9 Different Fertilization mode
Carry out variance respectively using four kinds of fertilization modes of Taian Shandong, four kinds of fertilization modes of Boshan Shandong Province in explanation table to divide Analysis.
It can be seen that, technical scheme provided by the present invention makes great progress than prior art, is a kind of for balloonflower root The dedicated fertilizer of continuous cropping plantation and application process, can greatly improve the yield and quality of balloonflower root, can adjust simultaneously and cause because of continuous cropping Soil trace element is unbalance, recovers soil nutrient balance.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of balloonflower root continuous cropping special fertilizer it is characterised in that：Including base manure and topdressing, wherein every mu of consumption of base manure is：
Control release urea 20-25kg, common urea 4-6kg, calcium superphosphate 18-22kg, humic acid potassium 25-28kg, potassium sulfate 5- 7kg, copper sulphate 20-25g, iron chloride 45-55g, calcium oxide 40-60g, zinc chloride 6-8g；
The every mu of consumption that topdresses is：Topdress A：Spray aqueous solution 30kg, wherein potassium sulfate 0.1wt%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.05wt%； Topdress B：Spray aqueous solution 30kg, wherein sea God's rich biological organic liquid fertilizer content is 0.3vt%, shitosan 0.08wt%.
2. balloonflower root continuous cropping special fertilizer according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：
Wherein every mu of consumption of base manure is control release urea 20kg, common urea 5kg, calcium superphosphate 19kg, humic acid potassium 25kg, sulfuric acid Potassium 5kg, copper sulphate 25g, iron chloride 55g, calcium oxide 40g, zinc chloride 8g.
3. the balloonflower root continuous cropping special fertilizer described in claim 1 using method it is characterised in that：Step is as follows：
(1). balloonflower root is transplanted, is applied base manure
Before site preparation bedding, control release urea, common urea, calcium superphosphate, humic acid potassium, potassium sulfate in base manure are mixed, Spread fertilizer over the fields ground, then plough deeply, bedding；Start kind of a planting platycodon radix in clear and bright latter 10 days；According to line-spacing 25cm, the deep 20cm of trench digging；Water, By spacing in the rows 5cm kind planting platycodon radix kind root after oozing under water；Afterwards by the copper sulphate of prescription amount, iron chloride, calcium oxide and zinc chloride with Fine earth mixes, and is sprinkled into earthing in ditch；
(2). topdress using foliage spray mode, carry out imposing fertilizer according to different times plant growing way and growth and development characteristicses： Topdress altogether three times：
For the first time：Late July：Spray the A 30kg/ mu that topdresses；
Second：Late August:Spray the B 30kg/ mu that topdresses；
For the third time：Late September：Spray the B 30kg/ mu that topdresses.
CN201610727140.8A 2016-08-26 2016-08-26 A kind of campanulaceae continuous cropping special fertilizer Expired - Fee Related CN106380243B (en)

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