CN102265742A - Cultivating method of high-selenium soybean - Google Patents
Cultivating method of high-selenium soybean Download PDFInfo
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- CN102265742A CN102265742A CN2010101895171A CN201010189517A CN102265742A CN 102265742 A CN102265742 A CN 102265742A CN 2010101895171 A CN2010101895171 A CN 2010101895171A CN 201010189517 A CN201010189517 A CN 201010189517A CN 102265742 A CN102265742 A CN 102265742A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivating method of a high-selenium soybean. The cultivating method of the high-selenium soybean is characterized by adopting a narrow-row close planting seeding method; the narrow-row close-planting seeding method comprises the following steps of: operating according to usual cultivating processes, i.e. seeding at soybean planting time, seedling thinning and fertilization; reducing ridges and increasing rows; carrying out narrow-row close planting; and changing a usual wide row spacing from 60-70 centimeters to 40-50 centimeters to carry out the narrow-row close planting. Special soybean selenium fertilizers are fertilized as base fertilizers by combining with soil preparation before cultivation so that soil and the special soybean selenium fertilizers are fused, and a usage amount is taken to suit local conditions; a small amount of the special soybean selenium fertilizers is fertilized in a young seedling stage and an initial bloom stage of the soybean, and the application amount of the special soybean selenium fertilizers is generally 7.5-10 Kg per mu preferably; a dressing furrow with the depth of 15-20 centimeters is firstly dug between two rows of soybeans during top application, and then the special soybean selenium fertilizers are fertilized and covered with soil. According to the high-selenium soybean cultivated by using the method disclosed by the invention, not only the quality of the soybeans is enhanced, but also the soybeans with higher selenium content can be obtained because the high-selenium soybean accumulates selenium-containing compounds; the selenium-containing level of products is easy to control; and the health-care effect of the soybeans is strengthened and widened. The cultivating method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of easiness in implementation and popularization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the soybean planting field, relate in particular to the cultivating method of a kind of high selenium soybean.
Background technology
China is the cradle of soybean, and plantation was just arranged before 5000.To the research and development of high selenium soybean, significant to human health.Studies have shown that, selenium is the necessary trace element of human body, selenium deficiency comprises the influence of body metabolism: to the susceptibility of some oxidative damage, the change of thyroid hormone metabolism, increase is to the susceptibility of some heavy metal damage, the change of GSM concentration in the change of biotransformation enzyme activity and the blood plasma.Yet the selenium element is extremely inhomogeneous in the surface distributed of the earth, and the whole world has 72% the scarce selenium of soil approximately, and China lacks selenium soil area and also accounts for 72% of area.The agricultural product Se content that lacks the production of selenium soil is extremely low, takes the photograph the selenium deficiency in the diet and has a strong impact on national health, causes to lack selenium in the people colony, and hypoimmunity brings out multiple disease, and the incidence of disease raises.China trace element is longer than if wood proposes with the healthy director of association: China is a scarce selenium big country, and it is to be related to the healthy major issue of hundreds of millions of Chinese people that human body is mended selenium, and we should do a good job of it the work of benefit selenium as enriching the iodine.Particularly note the elderly's benefit selenium work, ready-made two things of the task of top priority, the one, various public opinion medium should be popularized the knowledge of relevant selenium and health to the resident, the resident are improved how to prevent the understanding of scarce selenium.The 2nd, start to develop high selenium product, the high selenium product of large-scale promotion.Present China selenium intake per capita should be 50-200 microgram every day, be lower than 50 micrograms for a long time as human body intake every day, to bring out the rising of multiple disease incidences such as cancer, hepatopathy, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, be one of optimal path of mending on selenium by high selenium bean product picked-up selenium.Because the high selenium research of China's organic active beginning is later, research unit is less, and basic and applied research is all very weak.Indivedual units are also many from medical angle, and research effort and less input has limited the performance of active selenium soybean medicine-food two-purpose function, several no homemade goodses on the market.
Many kind peptide molecule mixture and small-amount free amino acid, carbohydrate, moisture and the mineral salt of the functional component of high selenium soybean after by the soybean protein enzymolysis are formed, not only has good nutritive peculiarity, and splendid physiological function and processing characteristics are arranged, be a kind of very promising functional food ingredient.Many developed countries have recognized this point very early, and have worked out the high selenium product of many soybean, and wherein the U.S. and Japan all are in the prostatitis of soya-bean polypeptides production and utilization, and international trade and economic benefit are very remarkable.China just begins the research that high selenium soybean is used in recent years, and has obtained certain progress.Do not produce in a large number as yet at the present high selenium soybean prod of China, output is few, consumption is few, and price is a factor on the one hand, and market yet lacks understanding to high selenium soybean in addition, is restricting high selenium soybean in Application in Food.In addition, soybean natural organic selenium polypeptide also has the lead discharging detoxication, and selenium is the antagonist of heavy metal harmful elements such as lead, cadmium, mercury, and sulfur amino acid in selenium and the soya-bean polypeptides and vitamin E act synergistically mutually, can discharge the heavy metal of body harmful substance.There is nearly 300,000,000 teenagers existence saturnism phenomenon in various degree in China, adopts the lead discharging of natural organic selenium polypeptide to be a correct selection, and is not only harmless, and useful.At the present market demand and the characteristics of this technology, following have vast market prospect in the exploitation for the selenium soybean aspect health food and the drug research.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of selenium content height, small investment, be convenient to the cultivating method of the high selenium soybean of large tracts of land popularizing planting, to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
Technical scheme of the present invention provides the cultivating method of a kind of high selenium soybean, it is characterized in that:
1, the moisture of soil condition soya seeds sprouting needs is many than cereal.The young root of soybean is tenderer, and water content is big, and suitable Soil Moisture could promote that young root extends to depth.The plant main root can reach about 1 meter, and the parallel expansion of lateral root can reach about 0.5 meter.When soil moisture is not enough, can influence its vertical and horizontal expansion growth.Under anoxia condition, the root growth amount obviously reduces.Therefore, the soil water content appropriateness, topsoil is deep, degree of tightness is appropriate, and good moisture and aeration condition just can be provided, and can promote growing of root system.The suitable volume weight of soils of soybean is 1.0-1.4.Loam is the most suitable to soybeans they grow, and scab loam, clay loam and sandy loam also can normal growths; Sand and clay, retention ability is weak or ventilation is poor, is unfavorable for growth.
2, entire technique plantation soybean can suit measures to local conditions to adopt flatly turn over, entire techniques such as ridge culture, rake stubble, dark pine.
(1) flat turn over many in the north 1 year one ripe spring soybean area use.By ploughing, soil-ripening is quickened, and helps making full use of of nutrient.Create the loose topsoil of certain depth, create conditions for improving seeding quality and emerging.The time of ploughing is different because of previous crops, also changes to some extent because of the weather conditions restriction sometimes.
(2) ridge culture is the Northeast's conventional tillage method commonly used; Do the ridge after ploughing, can improve ground temperature, deepen plow layer, strengthen the water drainage drought resistance.Previous crops is corn, Chinese sorghum or millet, and Yi Yuanlong survives the winter, and before thawing early spring, hoes broken stubble pipe with heavily hoeing son, and the ridge is turned over to detain and planted then, and the back is turned in time with wooden roller suppression ridge platform in the ridge, prevents the evaporation of water in soil.
(3) all there is employing in rake stubble northeast spring soybean district and summer soybean district, the Yellow River and Huai He River basin.The rake stubble is the shallow plowing method of flat planting soybean.This method can prevent from too much to plough the destruction soil structure, causes soil compaction, and can reduce deep ploughing mechanical work expense.
(4) dark loose subsoiling method adopts mechanized, and method is various, and maneuverability is a kind of rising cultivated method.Utilize deep soil loosing shovel, plough mellow soil and the soil layer that do not overturn, carry out interval subsoiling, break the flat tillage pan of method or the cultivated method of ridge culture of turning over, the topsoil structure that forms actual situation and deposit.The dark loose degree of depth is general 15-20 centimetre at the bottom of the ridge, should not be dark excessively, and the dark pine of furrow can be dark slightly, generally can reach 30 centimetres.Simultaneously, with dark pine be means also can finish simultaneously topdress, operation such as weeding, ridging.
3, seeding and fertilizing
Adopt the compact planting in narrow row seeding method, this method comprises by common soybean planting time sowing, the cultivation program of thinning is undertaken, contract ridge line increment, compact planting in narrow row, and changing common 60-70 centimetre of wide line-spacing is 40-50 centimetre of compact planting in narrow row.
The fertilizer that soybean fertilization adopts is with the special-purpose selenium fertilizer of the soybean of applicant's development and production, the combination before planting of the special-purpose selenium fertilizer of soybean is used as base manure wholely, its clay fertilizer is merged, usage amount is suited measures to local conditions, previous crops fertilizer can Shaoshi, previous crops does not have fertilizer will be executed more, or determines fertile amount according to soil fertility, can also adopt the fertile compounding application of the special-purpose selenium of straw-returning and soybean in area with good conditionsi.Use the special-purpose selenium fertilizer of a small amount of soybean in soybean seedling phase and initial bloom stage.Amount of application is generally executed the fertile 7.5-10Kg of the special-purpose selenium of soybean with every mu and is advisable.In addition, dig earlier the degree of depth when topdressing and be 15-20 centimetre dressing furrow between two row soybean, earthing then applies fertilizer.
The high selenium soybean that the present invention cultivates has not only been improved the quality of soybean, and it is because of having accumulated selenium-containing compound, can obtain the high soybean of selenium content, and is easy to control product and contains the selenium level, strengthens and widened the health-care efficacy of soybean.This method is implemented simple, is easy to promote.
Embodiment
The following describes the specific embodiment of the present invention.
Technical scheme of the present invention provides the cultivating method of a kind of high selenium soybean, specifically plantation in the requsst listed below:
1, some physical behaviors of soil condition soil water regime, nutrient situation and soil are the important factors that influence soybean yields.The soil water content appropriateness, topsoil is deep, degree of tightness is appropriate, and good moisture and aeration condition just can be provided, and can promote growing of root system.The suitable volume weight of soils of soybean is 1.0-1.4.
2, entire technique plantation soybean can adopt flatly turn over, entire techniques such as ridge culture, rake stubble, dark pine.
(1) flat turn over many in the north 1 year one ripe spring soybean area use.By ploughing, soil-ripening is quickened, and helps making full use of of nutrient.Create the loose topsoil of certain depth, create conditions for improving seeding quality and emerging.The time of ploughing is different because of previous crops, also changes to some extent because of the weather conditions restriction sometimes.Wheat stubble is carried out volt and is turned over, and should turn in August, can not surpass early September at the latest.25-35 centimetre of black earth tilling depth; Loess, white muddy soil, light alkaline earth or soil layer is thin or lower soil contains hazardous substance to turn over deeply should not surpass the loam layer.After volt turns over, treat that in the fall soil fully admits behind the rainwater rake carefully to hoe flat.Corn stubble, millet stubble and Chinese sorghum stubble carry out the autumn and turn over.Turn over that time is short and pressing the autumn, in case rainy, then can't carry out, can only treat that the spring in next year turns over.Autumn turns over and should finish before freezing, and the degree of depth can reach 20-25 centimetre.The autumn rake of ploughing behind the Ying Zaigeng is immediately hoed, and rakes once more before sowing in spring in next year and suppresses, and prevents the evaporation of water in soil.Spring turns over should be soil preceding the carrying out that " return slurry ", and tilling depth is advisable for 15 centimetres.In general, volt turns over and is better than the autumn and turns over favourable soil collected rainwater; Autumn turns over and is better than the spring and turns over excess moisture forfeiture before preventing to sow in spring.If but that the autumn turns over is not in good time, excess moisture forms large clod, and effect is turned over not as the spring on the contrary.
(2) ridge culture is the Northeast's conventional tillage method commonly used; Do the ridge after ploughing, can improve ground temperature, deepen plow layer, strengthen the water drainage drought resistance.Previous crops is corn, Chinese sorghum or millet, and Yi Yuanlong survives the winter, and before thawing early spring, hoes broken stubble pipe with heavily hoeing son, and the ridge is turned over to detain and planted then, and the back is turned in time with wooden roller suppression ridge platform in the ridge, prevents the evaporation of water in soil.
(3) all there is employing in rake stubble northeast spring soybean district and summer soybean district, the Yellow River and Huai He River basin.The rake stubble is the shallow plowing method of flat planting soybean.This method can prevent from too much to plough the destruction soil structure, causes soil compaction, and can reduce deep ploughing mechanical work expense.The northeast spring soybean district, the shallow plowing of rake stubble is mainly used in the plot that previous crops is a wheat.Wheat is used the tandem disc harrow stubble-cleaning after receiving, and diagonal angle rake twice is hoed one time before broadcasting next year again, can sow.Summer soybean district, the Yellow River and Huai He River basin, previous crops winter wheat is spread fertilizer over the fields base fertilizer earlier after receiving, and uses the disk harrow stubble-cleaning immediately 2-3 time, harrows dark 15-20 centimetre, uses the shallow rake of the light-duty spike-tooth harrow of animal power one time then, thin, the back sowing of raking of rake.
(4) dark loose subsoiling method adopts mechanized, and method is various, and maneuverability is a kind of rising cultivated method.The farm that Heilongjiang Province's mechanization degree is higher, the soybean planting district adopts more than 80%.Utilize deep soil loosing shovel, plough mellow soil and the soil layer that do not overturn, carry out interval subsoiling, break the flat tillage pan of method or the cultivated method of ridge culture of turning over, the topsoil structure that forms actual situation and deposit.The dark loose degree of depth is general 15-20 centimetre at the bottom of the ridge, should not be dark excessively, and the dark pine of furrow can be dark slightly, generally can reach 30 centimetres.Simultaneously, with dark pine be means also can finish simultaneously topdress, operation such as weeding, ridging.
3, ferti-seeding
Adopt the compact planting in narrow row seeding method, this method comprises by common soybean planting time sowing, the cultivation program of thinning is undertaken, contract ridge line increment, compact planting in narrow row, and changing common 60-70 centimetre of wide line-spacing is 40-50 centimetre of compact planting in narrow row.Behind the compact planting in narrow row, make full use of luminous energy and soil fertility, and can suppress weed growth effectively, generally can increase production 10%-20%.
The fertilizer that soybean fertilization adopts is with the special-purpose selenium fertilizer of the soybean of applicant's development and production, with the special-purpose selenium fertilizer of soybean planting before in conjunction with use as base manure wholely, make its clay fertilizer fusion, usage amount is suited measures to local conditions, previous crops fertilizer can Shaoshi, previous crops does not have fertilizer will be executed more.The application process of soybean base manure is different different because of the sowing method of soil preparation, preferably turns over or the autumn applies before ploughing at volt, by ploughing the special-purpose selenium fertilizer of soybean is applied in 10-20 centimetre the figure layer, makes soil, the fertile mixing; Can also adopt the fertile compounding application of the special-purpose selenium of straw-returning and soybean in area with good conditionsi.In the soybean seedling phase, when root does not form root nodule as yet, or the root nodule activity uses the special-purpose selenium fertilizer of soybean in right amount and can make the plant strain growth stalwartness when weak, improves the absorption of soybean root system to selenium, and amount of application is generally executed the fertile 9-12.5Kg of the special-purpose selenium of soybean with every mu and is advisable; Take the circumstances into consideration to use the special-purpose selenium fertilizer of a small amount of soybean at initial bloom stage, amount of application is generally executed the fertile 7.5-10Kg of the special-purpose selenium of soybean with every mu and is advisable.In addition, dig earlier the degree of depth when topdressing and be 15-20 centimetre dressing furrow between two row soybean, earthing then applies fertilizer.
The high selenium soybean that the present invention cultivates has not only been improved the quality of soybean, and it is because of having accumulated selenium-containing compound, can obtain the high soybean of selenium content, the Se content of soybean kernel reaches as high as 90.3mg/kg and is easy to control product and contains the selenium level, strengthens and widened the health-care efficacy of soybean.This method is implemented simple, is easy to promote.
Claims (5)
1. the cultivating method of a high selenium soybean, it is characterized in that: adopt the compact planting in narrow row seeding method, this method comprises by common soybean planting time sowing, the cultivation program of thinning is undertaken, contract ridge line increment, compact planting in narrow row, and changing common 60-70 centimetre of wide line-spacing is 40-50 centimetre of compact planting in narrow row.
2. the cultivating method of a kind of high selenium soybean according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the fertilizer that soybean fertilization adopts is with the special-purpose selenium fertilizer of the soybean of applicant's development and production.
3. the cultivating method of a kind of high selenium soybean according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the special-purpose selenium fertilizer of soybean in conjunction with use as base manure wholely, merges its clay fertilizer before planting, and usage amount is suited measures to local conditions.
4. the special-purpose selenium fertilizer of a kind of soybean according to claim 2 is characterized in that: use the special-purpose selenium fertilizer of a small amount of soybean in soybean children early stage and initial bloom stage.Amount of application is generally executed the fertile 7.5-10Kg of the special-purpose selenium of soybean with every mu and is advisable.
5. the special-purpose selenium fertilizer of a kind of soybean according to claim 2 is characterized in that: dig the degree of depth when topdressing earlier and be 15-20 centimetre dressing furrow between two row soybean, earthing then applies fertilizer.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102771298A (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2012-11-14 | 苏州硒谷科技有限公司 | High-selenium wheat and production method thereof |
| CN105453750A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-04-06 | 狄正兴 | Farming method for horizontal ridging and straw returning for sweet potatoes in sloping fields |
| CN108605762A (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2018-10-02 | 徐世友 | A kind of low-lying plot Soybean Field spring exempts to broadcast cultural method |
-
2010
- 2010-06-02 CN CN2010101895171A patent/CN102265742A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102771298A (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2012-11-14 | 苏州硒谷科技有限公司 | High-selenium wheat and production method thereof |
| CN105453750A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-04-06 | 狄正兴 | Farming method for horizontal ridging and straw returning for sweet potatoes in sloping fields |
| CN108605762A (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2018-10-02 | 徐世友 | A kind of low-lying plot Soybean Field spring exempts to broadcast cultural method |
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Application publication date: 20111207 |