CN103053241A - Method for cultivating and maintaining fertility of soil in cold highland rural areas - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating and maintaining fertility of soil in cold highland rural areas. The method includes: detecting organic matters, fertility, texture and structure of the soil before planting, reasonably performing crop fallow and crop rotation, cultivating fertility of the soil, constructing a farmyard manure decomposing tank, collecting and accumulating a great quantity of farmyard manure and green manure and then after the farmyard manure and the like is sufficiently decomposed, fertilizing seedlings in time and enabling the seedlings to grow strong, reasonably cultivating and improving soil, accelerating soil ripening, generally ploughing the soil by 50-60cm and applying organic fertilizer. By the method for cultivating and maintaining fertility of the soil in cold highland rural areas, activity of soil microbes is promoted, the soil structure is improved, soil ripening is accelerated, and soil organic fertility is enhanced. Besides, the method is quite suitable for hardened fields in the rural areas, and acre yield of planting is greatly increased.

Description

A kind of for the fostering and apply fertilizer of high and cold mountain area soil, fertilizer conservation method

Technical field

The present invention relates generally to and a kind ofly fosters and apply fertilizer, the fertilizer conservation method, relates in particular to a kind of for the fostering and apply fertilizer of high and cold mountain area soil, fertilizer conservation method.

Background technology

Food problem will dominated tendency and the agricultural policy orientation of Chinese agricultural development from now in quite over a long time, also be the critical aspects that Agricultural Sustainable Development in China institute must consideration, guarantee that grain security is the eternal theme of China's agricultural sustainable development.The national conditions that China has a large population and a few land have determined must walk to continue to improve the road of Per Unit Area Grain Yield, the soil of healthy high fertility is the prerequisite that improves Per Unit Area Grain Yield, and China has 30% low productive soil approximately at present, because the existence of soil constraints, nutrient supply is unbalance, liquid manure efficient is low, crop yield is low and unstable, has had a strong impact on the performance of phototemperature potential productivity, has already become the bottleneck factor that grain yield reaches a new level.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention just provides a kind of for the fostering and apply fertilizer of high and cold mountain area soil, fertilizer conservation method.

The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

A kind of for the fostering and apply fertilizer of high and cold mountain area soil, fertilizer conservation method, it is characterized in that it comprises following aspect:

(1) organic matter of detection soil, fertility, the soil texture, structure etc. before the plantation;

(2) rationally have holidays by turns, crop rotation is cultivated soil fertility, to organic matter, the poor soil of fertility adopts dormancy, crop rotation method, plant soybean spring, after the autumn harvest, ted soil after one week, burn dried beanstalk with the soil gland, the weeds such as beans leaf, smoked native getting fat desinsection, the thin soil of ploughing of leveling after one week, plantation Chinese milk vetch, Second Year spring, in the vigorous time of Chinese milk vetch, the retaining of digging is macerated, and makees rice transplanting base fertilizer, because this type of crop all belongs to the pulse family class, the rhizobium nitrogen fixing capacity is very strong, as green manure, can increase the organic matter of soil 70% simultaneously, greatly improve the fertility of soil, increase the amino acid in the soil, nitrogen, phosphorus, the constituent content amounts such as potassium, the Second Year plantation is best;

(3) to organic matter field preferably, adopt paddy rice harvesting after, the field of turning over immediately, company's rice straw bar together retaining is macerated, and second ploughing in the beginning of spring discharges water and dries the field, put into a large amount of dried weeds leaves in the field, burn smoked soil with the soil gland, thin the ploughing of rear leveling of a week discharges water and soaks rear plantation, this mode of fostering and apply fertilizer is particularly suitable for our high mountain cold waterlogged paddy field, namely increased nitrogen, phosphorus, the potash fertilizer content of soil, again slaking soil, also played the damage by disease and insect that kills in the soil;

(4) set up the farmyard manure pond of becoming thoroughly decomposed, a large amount of collect, pile up the farmyard manures such as farmyard manure, green manure and fully become thoroughly decomposed after, to the timely getting fat of rice shoot, strong seedling;

(5) bird excreta field getting fat, rice shoot five leaf after dates are put into duckling, 600-700m ², 12-16 duckling put in the rice field, every day about excreta in the field getting fat, simultaneously duck can also step on grass, catch worm, plays the recycling economy effect;

(6) rational tillage is improved the soil, accelerate soil-ripening, when real tillage, generally plough deeply 50-60cm, execute the nano-sized carbon of 500-600 kilogram fertilizer, the adopting iron ore tailings that in fertilizer, is blended into 10-15%, 1-2%, the lime of 1-2%, the flyash of 3-5%, the wintergreen of 1-2%, the polyacrylamide of 1-2% for every mu and mix, execute in the soil in the lump.

Advantage of the present invention is:

Method of the present invention has promoted the activity of edaphon, and the improvement soil structure has accelerated soil-ripening, by adding various Chinese drugs powders, has strengthened soil organic fertilizer power, and is very suitable to the field of hardening, mountain area, greatly improves the plantation per mu yield.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

A kind of for the fostering and apply fertilizer of high and cold mountain area soil, fertilizer conservation method, it is characterized in that it comprises following aspect:

(1) organic matter of detection soil, fertility, the soil texture, structure etc. before the plantation;

(2) rationally have holidays by turns, crop rotation is cultivated soil fertility, to organic matter, the poor soil of fertility adopts dormancy, crop rotation method, plant soybean spring, after the autumn harvest, ted soil after one week, burn dried beanstalk with the soil gland, the weeds such as beans leaf, smoked native getting fat desinsection, the thin soil of ploughing of leveling after one week, plantation Chinese milk vetch, Second Year spring, in the vigorous time of Chinese milk vetch, the retaining of digging is macerated, and makees rice transplanting base fertilizer, because this type of crop all belongs to the pulse family class, the rhizobium nitrogen fixing capacity is very strong, as green manure, can increase the organic matter of soil 70% simultaneously, greatly improve the fertility of soil, increase the amino acid in the soil, nitrogen, phosphorus, the constituent content amounts such as potassium, the Second Year plantation is best;

(3) to organic matter field preferably, adopt paddy rice harvesting after, the field of turning over immediately, company's rice straw bar together retaining is macerated, and second ploughing in the beginning of spring discharges water and dries the field, put into a large amount of dried weeds leaves in the field, burn smoked soil with the soil gland, thin the ploughing of rear leveling of a week discharges water and soaks rear plantation, this mode of fostering and apply fertilizer is particularly suitable for our high mountain cold waterlogged paddy field, namely increased nitrogen, phosphorus, the potash fertilizer content of soil, again slaking soil, also played the damage by disease and insect that kills in the soil;

(4) set up the farmyard manure pond of becoming thoroughly decomposed, a large amount of collect, pile up the farmyard manures such as farmyard manure, green manure and fully become thoroughly decomposed after, to the timely getting fat of rice shoot, strong seedling;

(5) bird excreta field getting fat, rice shoot five leaf after dates are put into duckling, 600-700m ², 12-16 duckling put in the rice field, every day about excreta in the field getting fat, simultaneously duck can also step on grass, catch worm, plays the recycling economy effect;

(6) rational tillage is improved the soil, accelerate soil-ripening, when real tillage, generally plough deeply 50-60cm, every mu execute 500-600 kilogram fertilizer, in fertilizer, be blended into 15% adopting iron ore tailings, 1% nano-sized carbon, 2% lime, 3% flyash, 1% wintergreen, 2% polyacrylamide mix, execute in the soil in the lump.

By above measure, soil of the present invention is effectively improved, and plays extremely damage by disease and insect, increases soil heat preservation, prevents fertilizer loss, the effect of improvement soil fertility, can play production-increasing function.

Claims (1)

1. one kind is used for the fostering and apply fertilizer of high and cold mountain area soil, fertilizer conservation method, it is characterized in that it comprises following aspect:

(1) organic matter of detection soil, fertility, the soil texture, structure etc. before the plantation;

(2) rationally have holidays by turns, crop rotation is cultivated soil fertility, to organic matter, the poor soil of fertility adopts dormancy, crop rotation method, plant soybean spring, after the autumn harvest, ted soil after one week, burn dried beanstalk with the soil gland, the weeds such as beans leaf, smoked native getting fat desinsection, the thin soil of ploughing of leveling after one week, plantation Chinese milk vetch, Second Year spring, in the vigorous time of Chinese milk vetch, the retaining of digging is macerated, and makees rice transplanting base fertilizer, because this type of crop all belongs to the pulse family class, the rhizobium nitrogen fixing capacity is very strong, as green manure, can increase the organic matter of soil 70% simultaneously, greatly improve the fertility of soil, increase the amino acid in the soil, nitrogen, phosphorus, the constituent content amounts such as potassium, the Second Year plantation is best;

(3) to organic matter field preferably, adopt paddy rice harvesting after, the field of turning over immediately, company's rice straw bar together retaining is macerated, and second ploughing in the beginning of spring discharges water and dries the field, put into a large amount of dried weeds leaves in the field, burn smoked soil with the soil gland, thin the ploughing of rear leveling of a week discharges water and soaks rear plantation, this mode of fostering and apply fertilizer is particularly suitable for our high mountain cold waterlogged paddy field, namely increased nitrogen, phosphorus, the potash fertilizer content of soil, again slaking soil, also played the damage by disease and insect that kills in the soil;

(4) set up the farmyard manure pond of becoming thoroughly decomposed, a large amount of collect, pile up the farmyard manures such as farmyard manure, green manure and fully become thoroughly decomposed after, to the timely getting fat of rice shoot, strong seedling;

(5) bird excreta field getting fat, rice shoot five leaf after dates are put into duckling, 600-700m ², 12-16 duckling put in the rice field, every day about excreta in the field getting fat, simultaneously duck can also step on grass, catch worm, plays the recycling economy effect;

(6) rational tillage is improved the soil, accelerate soil-ripening, when real tillage, generally plough deeply 50-60cm, execute the nano-sized carbon of 500-600 kilogram fertilizer, the adopting iron ore tailings that in fertilizer, is blended into 10-15%, 1-2%, the lime of 1-2%, the flyash of 3-5%, the wintergreen of 1-2%, the polyacrylamide of 1-2% for every mu and mix, execute in the soil in the lump.