CN105638150A - Technical method for cultivating high-oil soybeans - Google Patents
Technical method for cultivating high-oil soybeans Download PDFInfo
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- CN105638150A CN105638150A CN201410626128.9A CN201410626128A CN105638150A CN 105638150 A CN105638150 A CN 105638150A CN 201410626128 A CN201410626128 A CN 201410626128A CN 105638150 A CN105638150 A CN 105638150A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a technical method for cultivating high-oil soybeans and belongs to the field of technical methods for cultivating crops. The technical method is used for achieving the yield protection and oil increase of soybeans of main soybean growing areas in our country. The technical method comprises the key measures of carrying out land selection and land preparation, carrying out seed selection and seed treatment, carrying out precision seeding, carrying out a field management technology, carrying out timely harvesting, and the like. According to the technical method disclosed by the invention, the source foundation is reliable, the technical method is simple in operation, the method is simple and convenient in application, and popularization and application are facilitated, so that the technical method is adaptable to the popularization and application of agricultural technology methods of all levels. According to the technical method, the oil content of the soybeans can be increased by 1.5% to 2.0% on the premise that the yield per unit of the soybeans is guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to arviculture technical method field, particularly relate to the cultivation technology method of a kind of high-oil-content soybean.
Background technology
China's Semen sojae atricolor annual production about 16,000,000 tons, wherein about 7,000,000 tons originate in Heilongjiang Province, account for 45%. China's Semen sojae atricolor annual requirement is 31,000,000 tons, breach about 50%, it is necessary to from external import. China Semen sojae atricolor 70% is used for extracting oil, and 30% eats, reserves seed for planting and exports on a small quantity. Heilongjiang Province is China's major soybean production areas, but compares with import U.S. soybean, Average oil concentration low 1-2 percentage point (american goods Semen sojae atricolor Average oil concentration is 20%-21%, and China's Semen sojae atricolor Average oil concentration is 17%-18%). But China Semen sojae atricolor also has intrinsic advantage, namely there is no genetically engineered soybean, in WTO framework, although China limits genetically engineered soybean import not over Green Trade Barrier, but statement must indicate genetically modified food in market sale, and this just again captures domestic and international market for China Semen sojae atricolor, particularly Heilongjiang soybean and provides new business opportunity. Therefore, improving per unit area yield and the oil content of major soybean production areas particularly Heilongjiang Province Semen sojae atricolor, for lasting high-efficient development China Soybean Industry, the economic benefit increasing peasant and processing enterprise is significant.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the cultivation technology method of a kind of high-oil-content soybean, can guarantee that and Semen sojae atricolor oil content 1.5-2.0 percentage point under the premise of Semen sojae atricolor per unit area yield, can be increased.
For solving above-mentioned technical method problem, the adopted technical method scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of cultivation technology method of high-oil-content soybean, it is characterised in that: this cultivation technology method is completed by selection of land and the major measure such as whole, seed selection and seed treatment, precision drilling, field management technology, in good time results; Specifically in the following areas:
1), selection of land and whole ground aspect: selecting the Di Huoer depression, level land that fertility is higher, Semen sojae atricolor should not be planted in the flood land of barren sloping upland or low-lying easy flood; The best crops for rotation of Semen sojae atricolor are Semen Maydiss, next to that Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, miscellaneous grain crops and Semen Tritici aestivi, as far as possible not continuous cropping, do not meet stubble, adhere to rather meeting not heavy principle; Depth of soil preparation is 33��40, and (breaking through plough sole about 6) interval subsoiling ditch is 35, picks clean stubble. Deepen arable layer, improve topsoil structure, the formation of favourable root nodule; Two carry out furrow subsoiling while sowing, it is possible to play cold-proof heating, and subsoiling 0.5 1.0cm can shift to an earlier date ripe 23 days;Three Subsoilings can make Soil structure more reasonable, strengthens soil water storage soil moisture conservation and fighting drought ability;
2), seed selection and seed treatment aspect: broadcast front soybean seed dry in the sun, grain-by-grain seed selection, reject minor illness, worm, foreign particle; Carrying out bud test, germination percentage can be planted more than 95%; Can be selected for manganese sulfate seed dressing, per kilogram seed 1��2g biological potassium fertilizer before sowing, convert and dress seed after 20g 30g warm water dissolves, the soybean nodulation bacterial manure accounting for grain weight 5% is admixed again after drying in the shade, the low light level, ventilation are dried in the shade, use Soybean Seed-coating coating before broadcasting, adopt north agriculture board 30% Ke Fuduo coating agent for seed, medicament and seed rate 1:60;
3), precision drilling aspect: date of seeding is 28��May 10 April, is advisable with sowing after May 1, and ground temperature can be sowed when stablizing by 10 DEG C; With planting 4.5��5kg/667m2, carry out precision drilling;
4), field management technology aspect: fertilizer Optimum amount, per hectare dose presses purity nitrogen 18-27kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 45-60kg, potassium (K2O) 45-60kg; Fertilizer amount is less, disposable can do seed manure, imposes on kind of a downside 5cm, deep 3cm place, or imposes on kind of a lower 7-14cm place; Carry out shoveling front subsoiling or a plough when Semen sojae atricolor arch soil; Shovel in time, accomplish two shovels three times, shovel seedling-damaging ratio less than 3%; Later stage pulls out clean DACAO before grass seed not yet maturation;
5), results aspect in good time: when Semen sojae atricolor stage of yellow ripeness, blade more than 70% comes off, and seed has returned bowlder and the harvesting of row segmentation constantly, is conducive to improving fat content, with anticracking pod shattering.
Described medicament and the anti-subterranean pest-insect of seed rate 1:60, root rot, the pest and disease damage such as Cyst nematode.
Described precision drilling, soybean planting mode generally divides flat planting and ridge culture, and planting density is: 667m2 number of keeping a full stand of seedings be 1.1 1.3 ten thousand strains/667m2, barren ground in fertile ground is 1.5 ten thousand strains/667m2.
Described harvesting strictly to carry out single receipts, Dan Yun, it is low to cut stubble, can not stay pod; For anti-crack arrest pod shattering, should in the morning band dew time receive fortune; Adopting Semen sojae atricolor Special purpose thresher, in order to avoid making seed damage damage, putting in storage when moisture content of kernels is reduced to below 14%.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention produces soybean genotype kind by screening high innage, resolve its (soybean kernel) Accumulation and ield formed mechanism, and then by the regulation and control of cultivation technology method, finally realize the target that Semen sojae atricolor height innage produces, tackled key problems through 5 years, define the cultivation technology method that a set of Semen sojae atricolor height innage produces. This technical method can increase Semen sojae atricolor oil content 1.5-2.0 percentage point under the premise ensureing Semen sojae atricolor per unit area yield.
Detailed description of the invention
This technical method is the cultivation technology method of a kind of high-oil-content soybean, and its detailed description of the invention is:
(1) selection of land: selecting the Di Huoer depression, level land that fertility is higher, Semen sojae atricolor should not be planted in the flood land of barren sloping upland or low-lying easy flood. The best crops for rotation of Semen sojae atricolor are Semen Maydiss, next to that Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, miscellaneous grain crops and Semen Tritici aestivi, as far as possible not continuous cropping, do not meet stubble, adhere to rather meeting not heavy principle.
(2) wholely: finely wholely, soil deficiency in the upper and excess in the lower will be accomplished, without obvious clod, promote that soybean root system is grown. Subsoiling, rotary tillage and shallow turn over will under soil moisture suitable condition, urgent. The degree of depth is 33��40, and (breaking through plough sole about 6) interval subsoiling ditch is 35, picks clean stubble. Deepen arable layer, improve topsoil structure, the formation of favourable root nodule. Two carry out furrow subsoiling while sowing, it is possible to play cold-proof heating, and subsoiling 0.5 1.0cm can shift to an earlier date ripe 23 days.Three Subsoilings can make Soil structure more reasonable, strengthens soil water storage soil moisture conservation and fighting drought ability.
(3) seed selection: 2000, academy of agricultural sciences of Liao Dou13Shi Liaoning Province, through Liaoning Province's crop varietal approval committee commercial variety. Plant height 100cm, oval leaf, yellow race's skin, umbilicus, 100-grain weight 21 23 grams, period of duration 132 days. The characteristics such as this kind cane toughness is strong, resistant to lodging, mosaic disease resisting is malicious, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, resistance to continuous cropping. Broadcast front soybean seed dry in the sun, screening. Generally take grain-by-grain seed selection, reject minor illness, worm, foreign particle. Carrying out bud test, germination percentage can be planted more than 95%.
(4) seed cleaning: seed should be cleaned before broadcasting. Mechanically or manually clean with Semen sojae atricolor seed selection, reject scab grain, worm food grain, broken kernel, blue or green grain, granule and impurity, seed purity is not less than 98%, and cleanliness is not less than 99%, germination percentage is not less than 90%, and water content is not higher than 13.5%, and color and luster is consistent, and grain size ratio is more uniform.
(5) seed treatment: mainly through seed pelleting: use Soybean Seed-coating coating before broadcasting, adopts the pest and disease damages such as north agriculture board 30% Ke Fuduo coating agent for seed, medicament and the anti-subterranean pest-insect of seed rate 1:60, root rot, Cyst nematode. (2) micro-fertilizer and biological potassium fertilizer seed dressing: be uncoated the seed of process, can be selected for manganese sulfate seed dressing, per kilogram seed 1��2g biological potassium fertilizer before sowing, convert and dress seed after 20g 30g warm water dissolves, the soybean nodulation bacterial manure accounting for grain weight 5% is admixed again after drying in the shade, the low light level, ventilate dry in the shade after both can sow, with mix with.
(6) precision drilling: date of seeding is 28��May 10 April, is advisable with sowing after May 1. Ground temperature can be sowed when stablizing by 10 DEG C. With planting 4.5��5kg/667m2, carry out precision drilling. One is on the basis of rational close planting, accomplishes that plant is evenly distributed, it is to avoid be short of seedling, uneven distribution phenomenon. Two is improve soybean plant strain procreation enviroment, coordinates the contradiction between light, heat, fertilizer, water preferably. Three are to increase individual plant nutrition, improve single plant yield. Investigating in Wu local, Beizhen City, in same fertility situation, plant photosynthetic capacity strengthens, and biological yield increases by 12.6% 21.3%, and 100-grain weight increases by 0.3 gram. Planting patterns and planting density soybean planting mode generally divide flat planting and ridge culture. The planting density of the Liao Dynasty's bean 13 is: 667m2 number of keeping a full stand of seedings be 1.1 1.3 ten thousand strains/667m2, barren ground in fertile ground is 1.5 ten thousand strains/667m2. Planting density adds larger, the principle that the plot density that fertility is good should be rare.
(7) dose: Semen sojae atricolor is due to self nitrogen fixation, therefore that nitrogenous fertilizer is insensitive. Fertility early stage uses a bit " startup nitrogenous fertilizer ". Semen sojae atricolor happiness is fertile with front stubble, if front stubble Semen Maydis had executed a large amount of fertilizer and chemical fertilizer N P and K, then rear stubble Semen sojae atricolor is completely unnecessary and refertilizes, particularly on black earth is ploughed. Fertilizer Optimum amount: per hectare dose presses purity nitrogen 18-27kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 45-60kg, potassium (K2O) 45-60kg.
(8) fertilizing method: above-mentioned recommendation fertilizer amount is less, disposable can do seed manure, imposes on kind of a downside 5cm, deep 3cm place, or imposes on kind of a lower 7-14cm place. Never seed manure coordination, with unburned kind. Application of organic fertilizers or chemical fertilizer are made base fertilizer and should be applied in the lump in conjunction with whole.
(9) field management: thinning early " thinning is one-inch early, pushes up one batch of excrement ". It is open and flat that thinning is typically in soybean seedling phase two opposite simple leaves, carries out when having compound leaf to occur, pulls out disease, weak, seedling and weeds.Look into Seedling, fill the gaps with seedlings, principle " close stay rare, rare stay honey, not rare not close stay big. Middle weeding carries out intertillage after thinning immediately and hoes up weeds, minimum intertillage 3��4 times in the time of infertility. The concrete time be first time about 1 day June, second time is about mid-June, and third time is in July first arrival mid-July. Well stimulation efficent rotation effectively prevents soil pests from propagating, and eliminates the disease (graywall, ring spot, antibacterial pinta etc.) survived the winter based on invalid body and the insect survived the winter in soil (Semen sojae atricolor latent root fly, thrips etc.).
Efficent rotation effectively prevents soil pests from propagating, and eliminates the disease (graywall, ring spot, antibacterial pinta etc.) survived the winter based on invalid body and the insect survived the winter in soil (Semen sojae atricolor latent root fly, thrips etc.). Be there is heavier plot in Semen sojae atricolor encapsulation nematicide, at least for crop rotation in more than 5 years. Crop rotation is also wanted in the plot of eating-core bean worm weight, especially notes closing on bean stub land more than more than 1000 meters. Field invalid body should be removed after Semen sojae atricolor harvesting, in conjunction with ploughing, by buried for invalid body underground, for the insect survived the winter in soil, by harrowing, press, turning over mechanical damage, Exposure to Sunlight in addition, wind, natural enemy etc., reduce insect survival rate. Efficent rotation can prevent the generation of pest and disease damage, good harvest of can getting bumper crops again.
(10) insect pest preventing and controlling: adhere to the policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", strengthens the coordination of cultural control, Biological control, physical control and chemical prevention with supporting, strict control chemical pesticide amount of application.
(11) results in good time: water content in harvest is for when the Liao Dynasty No. 13 stages of yellow ripeness of bean, and blade more than 70% comes off, and seed has returned bowlder and the harvesting of row segmentation constantly, is conducive to improving fat content, with anticracking pod shattering. During to the Liao Dynasty's No. 13 high-oil-content soybeans of bean results, will strictly carry out single receipts, Dan Yun, to cut stubble low, can not stay pod. For anti-crack arrest pod shattering, should in the morning band dew time receive fortune. Adopting Semen sojae atricolor Special purpose thresher, in order to avoid making seed damage damage, putting in storage when moisture content of kernels is reduced to below 14%.
The present invention produces soybean genotype kind by screening high innage, resolve its (soybean kernel) Accumulation and ield formed mechanism, and then by the regulation and control of cultivation technology method, finally realize the target that Semen sojae atricolor height innage produces, tackled key problems through 5 years, define the cultivation technology method that a set of Semen sojae atricolor height innage produces. This technical method can increase Semen sojae atricolor oil content 1.5-2.0 percentage point under the premise ensureing Semen sojae atricolor per unit area yield.
Claims (4)
1. the cultivation technology method of a high-oil-content soybean, it is characterised in that: this cultivation technology method is completed by selection of land and the major measure such as whole, seed selection and seed treatment, precision drilling, field management technology, in good time results; Specifically in the following areas:
1), selection of land and whole ground aspect: selecting the Di Huoer depression, level land that fertility is higher, Semen sojae atricolor should not be planted in the flood land of barren sloping upland or low-lying easy flood; The best crops for rotation of Semen sojae atricolor are Semen Maydiss, next to that Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, miscellaneous grain crops and Semen Tritici aestivi, as far as possible not continuous cropping, do not meet stubble, adhere to rather meeting not heavy principle; Depth of soil preparation is 33��40, and (breaking through plough sole about 6) interval subsoiling ditch is 35, picks clean stubble;
Deepen arable layer, improve topsoil structure, the formation of favourable root nodule; Two carry out furrow subsoiling while sowing, it is possible to play cold-proof heating, and subsoiling 0.5 1.0cm can shift to an earlier date ripe 23 days; Three Subsoilings can make Soil structure more reasonable, strengthens soil water storage soil moisture conservation and fighting drought ability;
2), seed selection and seed treatment aspect: broadcast front soybean seed dry in the sun, grain-by-grain seed selection, reject minor illness, worm, foreign particle;Carrying out bud test, germination percentage can be planted more than 95%; Can be selected for manganese sulfate seed dressing, per kilogram seed 1��2g biological potassium fertilizer before sowing, convert and dress seed after 20g 30g warm water dissolves, the soybean nodulation bacterial manure accounting for grain weight 5% is admixed again after drying in the shade, the low light level, ventilation are dried in the shade, use Soybean Seed-coating coating before broadcasting, adopt north agriculture board 30% Ke Fuduo coating agent for seed, medicament and seed rate 1:60;
3), precision drilling aspect: date of seeding is 28��May 10 April, is advisable with sowing after May 1, and ground temperature can be sowed when stablizing by 10 DEG C; With planting 4.5��5kg/667m2, carry out precision drilling;
4), field management technology aspect: fertilizer Optimum amount, per hectare dose presses purity nitrogen 18-27kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 45-60kg, potassium (K2O) 45-60kg; Fertilizer amount is less, disposable can do seed manure, imposes on kind of a downside 5cm, deep 3cm place, or imposes on kind of a lower 7-14cm place; Carry out shoveling front subsoiling or a plough when Semen sojae atricolor arch soil; Shovel in time, accomplish two shovels three times, shovel seedling-damaging ratio less than 3%; Later stage pulls out clean DACAO before grass seed not yet maturation;
5), results aspect in good time: when Semen sojae atricolor stage of yellow ripeness, blade more than 70% comes off, and seed has returned bowlder and the harvesting of row segmentation constantly, is conducive to improving fat content, with anticracking pod shattering.
2. the cultivation technology method of a kind of high-oil-content soybean according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described medicament and the anti-subterranean pest-insect of seed rate 1:60, root rot, the pest and disease damage such as Cyst nematode.
3. the cultivation technology method of a kind of high-oil-content soybean according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described precision drilling, soybean planting mode generally divides flat planting and ridge culture, and planting density is: 667m2 number of keeping a full stand of seedings be 1.1 1.3 ten thousand strains/667m2, barren ground in fertile ground is 1.5 ten thousand strains/667m2.
4. the cultivation technology method of a kind of high-oil-content soybean according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described harvesting strictly to carry out single receipts, Dan Yun, it is low to cut stubble, can not stay pod; For anti-crack arrest pod shattering, should in the morning band dew time receive fortune; Adopting Semen sojae atricolor Special purpose thresher, in order to avoid making seed damage damage, putting in storage when moisture content of kernels is reduced to below 14%.
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Cited By (3)
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CN106358745A (en) * | 2016-10-30 | 2017-02-01 | 黄全 | High-oil-yield soybean planting method |
CN106973661A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-07-25 | 安徽榈源农业科技有限公司 | Subtract the method for nitrogen fertilizer application in a kind of soybean planting |
CN109315254A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2019-02-12 | 香港六合康泰国际集团有限公司 | A kind of non-transgenic high yielding soybeans implantation methods |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN106358745A (en) * | 2016-10-30 | 2017-02-01 | 黄全 | High-oil-yield soybean planting method |
CN106973661A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-07-25 | 安徽榈源农业科技有限公司 | Subtract the method for nitrogen fertilizer application in a kind of soybean planting |
CN109315254A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2019-02-12 | 香港六合康泰国际集团有限公司 | A kind of non-transgenic high yielding soybeans implantation methods |
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