CN106258366B - A method of promote female series cucumber variety persistently to sit melon - Google Patents
A method of promote female series cucumber variety persistently to sit melon Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods that promotion female series cucumber variety persistently sits melon.This method carries out the smearing of various concentration and different times to the female flower of Different node, remains three layers of melon, one layer of melon that will be harvested, one layer of melon developed, one layer of melon sat on plant on sitting melon adjusting.The outer foliage spray of root, which is carried out, while this method is using swollen melon punching fertilizer supplies plant nutrition；The supply of swollen melon foliage top dressing is carried out while promoting seedling and strengthening primary drying fertilizer.This method carries out high temperature management while with swelling melon fertilizer is applied, and promotes quickly expanding for fruit；Medium temperature management is carried out while with seedling strengthening fertilizer is applied, to promote the nutrient growth of plant.The two alternately promotes plant persistently to tie melon, while greatly reducing disease disease index.It can be developed in harmony using method female series cucumber variety nutrient growth of the invention and reproductive growth.The growing point of plant remains healthy and strong, and plant not early ageing, yield is steady and high, and improves the flavor quality and nutritional quality of fruit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Cucumber High-yield Culture technical field, in particular to a kind of promotion female series cucumber variety persistently sits melon
Method.
Background technique
Cucumber is important one of the vegetable crop in China, and yield and the output value occupy the forefront of vegetable crop.Cucumber at present
It has realized annually cultivating, has played an important role to the stable market supply of vegetables.Female series cucumber variety Productive Potential is big, is to improve
The key types kind of China's cucumber unit yield.Cucumber is nutrient growth and the parallel crop of reproductive growth, and high yield needs are held
The vigorous growing point of continuous knot melon and holding.Sitting melon regulation technology is balance female series cucumber variety nutrient growth and reproductive growth
Key technology.China is wanting in away from still big compared with states such as advanced country in the world Holland in cucumber per unit area yield, reason be to lack with it is female
The matched seat melon regulation technology of property system kind.
In the growth condition of previous female series cucumber variety, conventional cultivation causes undue concentration to sit melon, reproductive growth
It is unbalance with nutrient growth, it causes to sit melon interval and plant early ageing phenomenon seriously occurs, tend not to give full play to female series kind
Yield potential, limit the popularization and application of the type kind.The above problem seriously constrains the development of China's cucumber industry, makes
China cucumber unit yield is obtained to fluctuate.The present invention is exactly to start with from adjusting nutrient growth and reproductive growth balanced growth, is adopted
With cultivate prosperous strong sprout, rationally sit melon regulation, liquid manure with apply, the measures such as high temperature alternating temperature regulation alternately, reach and be both able to satisfy plant
The purpose that melon is able to satisfy the robust growth of growing point again is persistently sat in strain.The technology can give full play to the increasing of female series cucumber variety
Potentiality are produced, are to promote the advantageous lever of China cucumber level of industry.The technology has not been reported yet.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as current female series cucumber variety sit melon adjust it is improper cause plant early ageing and total output not high,
The present invention provides a kind of methods that female series cucumber variety persistently sits melon.This method can effectively adjust cucumber nutrient growth and
The balance of reproductive growth realizes the stable yields and high yield of female series cucumber variety, and the promotion of cucumber industry is promoted to regenerate.
The present invention is achieved by the following measures: a method of promote female series cucumber variety persistently to sit melon, it is special
Sign is, comprising the following steps:
(1) the female series cucumber variety for being suitble to facility cultivation, low temperature resistant and high temperature (tolerable temperature 10 variety selection: are selected
~40 DEG C) ability is strong, and commodity character of fruit is excellent；
(2) the strong seedling of nurturing staff: using sufficient base fertilizer before field planting, high temperature slow seedling after field planting, destroys Section 9 or less in time after slow seedling
Female flower and side shoot, it is vigorous to cultivate faucet growth, grows partially prosperous plant；
Base fertilizer (dosage per acre): the decomposed organic fertilizer side 10-12,30 kilograms of N P and K ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15),
It is spread fertilizer over the fields after mixing；Ridge is applied after decomposed cake fertilizer double centner and 30 dry grams of calcium superphosphate mixings；
(3) melon processing is sat:
The noon before that day open to Section 10 female flower is handled as follows: Section 10 position female flower, which carried out, with medicament A smears,
1/2 concentration carries out Section 12 position female flower smearing, and the female flower that 1/4 concentration carries out Section 14 position is smeared, while destroying Section 11 and 13
Save female flower；It is female to Section 12 and Section 14 with medicament A (normal concentration) when Section 10 female flower germinates (general interval 3 days)
Flower carries out overcoating and smears.
The noon before that day open to Section 15 female flower is handled as follows: it is smeared with the female flower that medicament A carries out Section 15,
1/2 concentration carries out Section 17 position female flower smearing, and the female flower that 1/4 concentration carries out Section 19 position is smeared, while destroying Section 16 and 18
Save female flower, when 15 section female flowers germinate (generally every 3 days), with medicament A (normal concentration) to Section 17 and Section 19 female flower into
Row overcoating is smeared.
It more than Section 20 is successively as above operated.
The exhibition of medicament A:IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) 5ppm+CTK (basic element of cell division) 10ppm+ chloropyuril 5ppm+ organosilicon is seeped
Agent 50ppm+ chitosan 20ppm.
(4) water and fertilizer management (fertilizer and water management is synchronous):
When the development of Section 10 root melon is to 10-15 centimetres, starts punching and apply swelling melon fertilizer material, interval impose that mention head strong for 1 day
Seedling foliar fertilizer mainly sprays growing point and following 3-5 piece leaf；It is spaced backlash in 5-7 days again and applies seedling strengthening fertilizer material, is then spaced 1 day and sprays
Swollen melon foliar fertilizer is applied, the blade for sitting melon position is mainly sprayed.Fertilizer punching in 5-7 days is spaced again to apply as above alternately.
Foliar fertilizer:
It mentions head and strengthens seedling foliar fertilizer :+0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+1mmol/ of+0.2% urea of+0.1% boric acid of 0.2% calcium nitrate
L salicylic acid；
Swollen melon foliar fertilizer :+0.3% potassium nitrate+50ppm organosilicon of 0.5% glucose opens up penetration enhancer+0.03mg/kg rape element
Lactone；
Punching fertilising:
Seedling strengthening fertilizer material: the fertile 10 kilograms+biological organic fertilizer of decomposed 30 kilograms of+15-5-8 N P and K ternarys of beans fertilizer (organic matter >=
45%, living bacteria count >=0.2 hundred million/gram) 20 kilograms (punching is applied every time per acre)；
Swelling melon fertilizer material: 15-20 kilograms of 15-5-30 high potassium type water-soluble punching fertilising (punching is applied every time per acre).
(5) temperature management:
Punching, which is applied, carries out high temperature management after swelling melon fertilizer material: day temperature is increased to 32~36 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is maintained at 15~
20℃。
Normal temperature management after seedling strengthening fertilizer material is applied in punching: day temperature is increased to 25~30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is maintained at 13~
18℃。
(6) harvesting in time
It is harvested in time when commodity melon reaches harvesting standard, anti-falling stop seedling.
The high temperature slow seedling of the step (2), day temperature are increased to 32~35 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 16 DEG C~20 DEG C.It is slow
Temperature is reduced after seedling, daytime is 28~32 DEG C, and night is 14~16 DEG C.
The general temperature in the afternoon of the step (3) is in 20~25 DEG C of progress chemicals treatments.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, previous seat melon is adjusted regardless of section, has melon to sit, same drug concentration smears adjacent section sugar-preserved gourd simultaneously, leads
It causes the sugar-preserved gourd of adjacent section while developing, the nutritional need of plant is suddenly increased, because a large amount of centralizedly supply sugar-preserved gourd of plant nutrition, lead
Cause the female flower of middle and later periods differentiation malnutritive, lopsided melon rate increases, while causing nutrient growth unbalance, and plant early ageing forms flower and beats
Top.The present invention carries out the smearing of various concentration to the female flower of Different node, remains three layers on plant on sitting melon adjusting
Melon, one layer of melon that will be harvested, one layer of melon developed, one layer of melon sat.This mode not only can effectively sit melon, also
The fruit Differential Development that can fully ensure that adjacent section avoids predation formula of the plant nutrition into fruit and operates and lead to plant
Early ageing.
2, it while the present invention is using swollen melon punching fertilizer, also effectively carries out the outer foliage spray of root (mention head and strengthen seedling foliar fertilizer) and supplies
Answer plant nutrition；While rush seedling strengthens primary drying fertilizer, the supply of swollen melon foliage top dressing (swollen melon foliar fertilizer) is also effectively carried out.Two
Person effectively combines, and promotes nutrient growth while tying melon, while strong seedling mentions, also promotes effective knot melon.It avoids
In conventional cultivation, the fertilizing method of completely isolated reproductive growth and nutrient growth and caused by seat melon interval.
3, the cooperation rich water regulation of melon regulation technology and alternating temperature management are sat, the problem of effective solution growth balance.This hair
It is bright to carry out high temperature management while with swelling melon fertilizer is applied, promote quickly expanding for fruit；While with seedling strengthening fertilizer is applied, carry out
Medium temperature management, to promote the nutrient growth of plant.The two alternately, promotes plant persistently to tie melon.High temperature management simultaneously, not only
Air humidity is effectively reduced, also can effectively inhibit even to kill pathogen, bionomic control significant effect greatly reduces disease
Evil disease index, reduced rate are 70% or so.
4, it can be developed in harmony using this technology, the nutrient growth of female series cucumber variety and reproductive growth.The growth of plant
Point remains healthy and strong, plant not early ageing, and yield is steady and high.More existing Routine Management technology is compared, and not only cucumber yield improves
70% or more, the flavor quality and nutritional quality of fruit are also effectively improved, the fruit fragrant in taste taste of production is dense, without puckery
Taste, Vc, soluble sugar and soluble protein equal size are all higher than conventional cultivation.
Specific embodiment
In order to better understand the present invention, it further illustrates combined with specific embodiments below.The present invention uses organic
It is that profit standing grain essence efficient agricultural organosilicon opens up penetration enhancer that silicon, which opens up penetration enhancer, and main functional component is 100% silicone compounds.
Embodiment: 102 facility Winter-Spring crops for rotation of female series cucumber variety winter spirit persistently sit melon high-yield culturing
The North-China Type female series kind of vegetable or flower research institute, Dong Ling102Shi Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences breeding.This is length
Gesture is strong, gynoecy, resists cold and heat-resisting ability is strong, and fruit marketability is excellent, and the close long melon of thorn, color of the leather is dark green glossy, and high yield is latent
Power is big.
1, sowing time:
Sowing time is on November 18th, 2015, and using white seed pumpkin as stock, insertion method carries out industrial seedling rearing.Seedling is big
Small is 2 leaf, 1 heart.Cotyledon is complete, well developed root system.Seedling age 30 days or so.
2, base fertilizer is used sufficient
Plough deeply sunning the earth which has been ploughed up before the Winter-Spring stubble winter.Site preparation is combined before field planting, every 667 square metres (mus) apply decomposed high-quality barnyard manure
12 sides, 30 kilograms of N P and K ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) are made base manure, are spread fertilizer over the fields.It is cultivated using line-spacings such as ridge culture, row spacing
70cm, every 667 square metres (mus) apply 30 dry grams of decomposed cake fertilizer double centner, calcium superphosphate again after making ridge.
3, it is colonized
(1) plantation density
Row spacing 70cm, line-spacing 25cm, every 667 square metres (mus) are colonized 3500 plants or so.
(2) seedling is planted
It selects the continuous sunny morning to carry out, it is best that 5-7 days fine days can be caught up with after field planting.Pour seedling recovering water, water temperature cannot be below
20℃.Water twice is poured in plant division after being colonized slow seedling, and field planting is watered along ditch again after surviving to slow seedling.Small plastic shed is carried out after field planting to cover
Lid is conducive to slow seedling to improve ground temperature and temperature.
(3) slow seedling management
Slow seedling temperature wants high after field planting, and day temperature is increased to 32~35 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 16 DEG C~20 DEG C.Seedling-slowing stage
Between want closed greenhouse, keep air humidity, be unlikely to that high temperature injury occurs.Young leaves is put on display, and new root issues, and slow seedling terminates.It selects fine
It pours a flood, see it is dry draw hoe repeatedly when seeing wet, drawing hoe will shallowly draw, and must not injure new root；And temperature is suitably reduced, it is white
It is increased to 28~32 DEG C, and night is maintained at 14~16 DEG C；Section 9 female flower below and side shoot are destroyed in time, guarantee that plant is long
Gesture is strong, and growing point is vigorous.It is formed and strengthens partially prosperous melon seedling.
4 knot melon period managements
(1) sit melon processing: the noon before that day for selecting Section 10 female flower open, 20-25 DEG C of temperature is handled.With medicament A
Section 10 position smearing is carried out, 1/2 concentration carries out smearing Section 12 position female flower, and 1/4 concentration handles the female flower of Section 14 position, beats simultaneously
Fall Section 11 and 13 section female flowers.Every 3 days, when Section 10 female flower germinates, Section 12 and Section 14 female flower are carried out with medicament A
Overcoating is smeared.Female flower open the previous day to 15 sections carries out Section 15 position smearing with medicament A, and 1/2 concentration carries out smearing Section 17 position
Female flower, 1/4 concentration handle the female flower of Section 19 position, while destroying Section 16 and 18 section female flowers, every 3 days, when 15 section female flowers start
Development, carries out overcoating to Section 17 and Section 19 female flower with medicament A and smears.Successively carry out.
The exhibition of medicament A:IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) 5ppm+CTK (basic element of cell division) 10ppm+ chloropyuril 5ppm+ organosilicon is seeped
Agent 50ppm+ chitosan 20ppm.
(2) water and fertilizer management:
Fertilizer and water management is synchronous, when the development of Section 10 root root melon is to 10-15 centimetres, starts punching and applies swelling melon fertilizer material；Every 1 day
Impose and mention the strong seedling foliar fertilizer of head, emphasis sprays growing point and following 5 leaves；Seedling strengthening fertilizer material is applied in backlash in 5-7 days, is sprayed every two days
Swollen melon foliar fertilizer is applied, emphasis sprays the blade for sitting melon position.It is applied as above alternately every fertilizer punching in 5-7 days.
Fertilizer formula:
1. foliar fertilizer:
It mentions head and strengthens seedling foliar fertilizer :+0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+1mmol/ of+0.2% urea of+0.1% boric acid of 0.2% calcium nitrate
L salicylic acid；
Swollen melon foliar fertilizer :+0.3% potassium nitrate+50ppm organosilicon of 0.5% glucose opens up penetration enhancer+0.03mg/kg rape element
Lactone；
2. punching fertilising:
Seedling strengthening fertilizer material: (organic matter >=45% has 10 kilograms+biological organic fertilizer of the fertile 30 kilograms of+15-5-8 N P and Ks of decomposed beans
Effect viable count >=0.2 hundred million/gram) 20 kilograms (punching is applied every time per acre)；
Swelling melon fertilizer material: 15~20 kilograms of 15-5-30 potassium nitrate type water-soluble punching fertilising (punching is applied every time per acre).
(3) temperature management:
Punching carries out high temperature management after applying swelling melon fertilizer, and day temperature is increased to 32~36 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is maintained at 15~20
℃。
Normal temperature management after seedling strengthening fertilizer is applied in punching: day temperature is increased to 25~30 DEG C, 13~18 DEG C of nocturnal temperature.
5, Plant adjustment
Timely hanging tendril, 15 functional leafs are retained in normal plant, are removed sick leaf and old leaf in time, are dredged melon, destroy curved melon
And side shoot.
6, harvesting in time
Harvesting standard, when commodity melon reaches harvesting standard, general sugar-preserved gourd transverse diameter reaches 3.0cm or so, is harvested in time,
It carries out in the morning, the flower of carpopodium and melon top is retained when receiving melon, code is tight layer by layer after vanning.
7, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is puted prevention first with strengthening management, the principle supplemented by chemical control.Main diseases and insect pests have downy mildew, target
The prevention and treatment of pinta, melon aphid, aleyrodid etc., downy mildew and target spot can effectively inhibit frost using high temperature management technology of the invention
The growth of mildew and target spot pathogen and reduction chamber humidity, bionomic control significant effect.Other fungal diseases can be with
With 300~400g/ mus of 10% chlorothalonil smoke, divides be placed at 3~5 in canopy at dusk, lighted with dying fire, close 1 night of canopy, the next morning
Ventilation, every 7 days 1 time.
Insect pest is mainly aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum etc., 40 mesh fly nets can be arranged in all ventilation openings, in canopy suspension insect-catching plate into
Row trapping, medicament can be selected 10% imidacloprid and prevented and treated by spraying.
Using the present invention in the facility Winter-Spring crops for rotation cucumber yielding Demonstration of the Yinan of Shandong in 2016, per mu yield is up to
37976.2 kilograms, wound China's cucumber in greenhouse maximum output record.Simultaneously in Shandong Yinan facility Winter-Spring crops for rotation cucumber yielding Demonstration
In, using same kind using Yinan regional former years conventional female series cucumber cultivation in a manner of as compareing.To its yield, product
Matter, disease resistance etc. are compared, as a result as shown in table 1-4.
Influence of 1 different disposal of table to female series cucumber yield
Influence of 2 different disposal of table to female series cucumber flavor quality
Influence of 3 different disposal of table to female series cucumber nutritional quality
Influence of 4 different disposal of table to disease resistance
From table 1-4 it can be seen that the technology that the present invention uses is compared compared with conventional cultivation, (1) effect of high-yield is obvious.Early period produces
Amount (from first time harvesting to half a month) is compared with Routine control volume increase 75.4%, total output relatively control volume increase 84.0%；(2) flavor quality
It is improved with nutritional quality.Using technology of the invention, the fragrant of fruit is strong, and no astringent taste is crisp in taste, Vc, soluble egg
White, amino acid, soluble sugar content be all higher than control, nutritional quality is excellent；(3) protection effect is significant.Using of the invention
High-temperature process, the downy mildew and target spot of energy effectively preventing cucumber, is compared compared with control, downy mildew and target spot disease index point
It Jiang Di by 72.1% and 77.9%.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method for promoting female series cucumber variety persistently to sit melon, characterized in that the following steps are included:
(1) variety selection: selecting the female series cucumber variety for being suitble to facility cultivation, and low temperature resistant and high temperature capabilities are strong；
(2) the strong seedling of nurturing staff: using sufficient base fertilizer before field planting, high temperature slow seedling after field planting, and it is below female to destroy Section 9 in time after slow seedling
Colored and side shoot cultivates faucet and grows vigorous, the partially prosperous plant of growth；
(3) melon processing is sat:
The noon before that day open to Section 10 female flower is handled as follows: Section 10 position female flower, which carried out, with medicament A smears, 1/2
Drug concentrations A carries out Section 12 position female flower smearing, and the female flower that 1/4 drug concentrations A carries out Section 14 position is smeared, while destroying the 11st
Section and 13 section female flowers；When Section 10 female flower germinates, overcoating is carried out to Section 12 and Section 14 female flower with medicament A and is smeared；
The noon before that day open to Section 15 female flower is handled as follows: being smeared with the female flower that medicament A carries out Section 15,1/2
Drug concentrations A carries out Section 17 position female flower smearing, and the female flower that 1/4 drug concentrations A carries out Section 19 position is smeared, while destroying the 16th
Section and 18 section female flowers carry out overcoating to Section 17 and Section 19 female flower with medicament A and smear when 15 section female flowers germinate；
It more than Section 20 is successively as above operated；
Medicament A: indole-3-acetic acid 5ppm+ basic element of cell division 10ppm+ chloropyuril 5ppm+ organosilicon opens up penetration enhancer 50ppm+ chitosan
20ppm；
(4) water and fertilizer management:
When the development of Section 10 root melon is to long 10~15 centimetres, starts punching and apply swelling melon fertilizer material, interval impose for 1 day to be mentioned head and strengthen seedling
Foliar fertilizer mainly sprays growing point and following 3~5 leaves；It is spaced backlash in 5~7 days again and applies seedling strengthening fertilizer material, is then spaced 1 day and sprays
Swollen melon foliar fertilizer is applied, the blade for sitting melon position is mainly sprayed；Then seedling strengthening fertilizer material and swollen melon foliar fertilizer are alternately applied；
The head that mentions strengthens seedling foliar fertilizer are as follows: and+0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of+0.2% urea of+0.1% boric acid of 0.2% calcium nitrate+
1mmol/L salicylic acid；
The swollen melon foliar fertilizer are as follows:+0.3% potassium nitrate+50ppm organosilicon of 0.5% glucose opens up penetration enhancer+0.03mg/kg rape
Plain lactone；
The seedling strengthening fertilizer material are as follows: fertile 20 kilograms of the 10 kilograms+biological organic fertilizer of decomposed 30 kilograms of+15-5-8 N P and K ternarys of beans fertilizer,
The above are rush amount of application every time per acre；
The swelling melon fertilizer material are as follows: 15~20 kilograms of fertilising of the punching of 15-5-30 high potassium type water-soluble, the above are punching applications every time per acre
Amount；
(5) temperature management:
Punching carries out high temperature management after applying swelling melon fertilizer material: day temperature is increased to 32~36 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is maintained at 15~20 DEG C；
Normal temperature management after seedling strengthening fertilizer material is applied in punching: day temperature is increased to 25~30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is maintained at 13~18 DEG C；
(6) harvesting in time
It is harvested in time when commodity melon reaches harvesting standard, anti-falling stop seedling.
2. a kind of method for promoting female series cucumber variety persistently to sit melon as described in claim 1, characterized in that the base fertilizer
Dosage per acre are as follows: decomposed 10~12 side of organic fertilizer, 30 kilograms of 15-15-15 N P and K ternary compound fertilizer are spread fertilizer over the fields after mixing；It is rotten
Ridge is applied after ripe cake fertilizer double centner and 30 kilograms of calcium superphosphate mixings.
3. a kind of method for promoting female series cucumber variety persistently to sit melon as described in claim 1, characterized in that the step
(2) high temperature slow seedling, day temperature are increased to 32~35 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 16 DEG C~20 DEG C.
4. a kind of method for promoting female series cucumber variety persistently to sit melon as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that high temperature slow seedling
After reduce temperature, daytime is 28~32 DEG C, and night is 14~16 DEG C.
5. a kind of method that promotion female series cucumber variety persistently sits melon as described in any one of claim 1-4, special
Sign is that temperature carries out medicament A processing at 20~25 DEG C to the step (3) in the afternoon.
6. a kind of method that promotion female series cucumber variety persistently sits melon as described in any one of claim 1-4, special
Sign is organic matter >=45% of step (4) biological organic fertilizer, living bacteria count >=0.2 hundred million/gram.
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