CN106172244B - Application of hermetia illucens adults as indicator organisms without pesticide in organic agriculture and breeding method thereof - Google Patents
Application of hermetia illucens adults as indicator organisms without pesticide in organic agriculture and breeding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106172244B CN106172244B CN201610551234.4A CN201610551234A CN106172244B CN 106172244 B CN106172244 B CN 106172244B CN 201610551234 A CN201610551234 A CN 201610551234A CN 106172244 B CN106172244 B CN 106172244B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/10—Devices for affording protection against animals, birds or other pests
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/18—Greenhouses for treating plants with carbon dioxide or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/246—Air-conditioning systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/02—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/02—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
- A01M1/04—Attracting insects by using illumination or colours
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M2200/00—Kind of animal
- A01M2200/01—Insects
- A01M2200/012—Flying insects
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Abstract
The invention relates to an application of hermetia illucens imagoes as indicating organisms without pesticides in organic agriculture and a breeding method thereof, and a symbiotic breeding method of the hermetia illucens imagoes and organic vegetables in a vegetable greenhouse, wherein the vegetable greenhouse modified by the method comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out high-temperature greenhouse closing on the planting land, and carrying out insecticidal sterilization treatment; (2) planting vegetables, placing eclosion adults in a vegetable greenhouse, and planting and breeding together; (3) carrying out artificial control on insect pests and trapping and killing by a trap lamp and a trap plate in the breeding process; (4) in the process of breeding, an ultraviolet lamp and an ozone machine are adopted for disease control. The adult hermetia illucens is cultured and the vegetables are planted in the vegetable greenhouse in a combined mode of adult hermetia illucens culture and vegetable planting, on one hand, the vegetable greenhouse is only required to be simply transformed, the adult hermetia illucens are prevented from flying away, on the other hand, the living temperature and humidity of the adult hermetia illucens are not greatly different from the vegetable planting temperature and humidity, and the symbiosis of the adult hermetia illucens and the vegetables can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to application of hermetia illucens adults as an indicating organism without using pesticides in organic agriculture and a breeding method thereof, belonging to the field of agricultural planting.
Background
Hermetia illucens (Hermitia illucens) is an insect of the genus hermetia of the family hermetidae of the order diptera, also known as hermetia illucens, and is distributed in most of the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Many biological characteristics of the hermetia illucens are very suitable for transformation of livestock excrement, such as nutrition and feeding habits, high feeding capacity, strong stress resistance, overlapped life history, high elasticity, high prepupation nutritive value, migration characteristic before pupation and the like of larvae. Therefore, in the research field of converting poultry and livestock feces into insect protein, hermetia illucens quickly stand out from numerous diptera insects and are widely concerned.
Early studies focused on the biological characteristics and environmental safety evaluation of hermetia illucens, and found that hermetia illucens are completely harmless to human beings and very safe to the environment, and adult hermetia illucens do not carry pathogenic bacteria and invade the living environment of human beings, and only take a small amount of water or plant juice to eat, so that no harm is caused to crops. The industrial development of hermetia illucens needs a large amount of hermetia illucens eggs, so that a method for breeding adult hermetia illucens needs to be researched so as to obtain a large amount of eggs. The existing adult breeding methods mainly comprise the following steps: 1. patent CN103651272A, title of the invention: a black soldier fly adult breeding room comprises an outer layer cage room, an inner layer cage room, a tungsten iodine lamp for providing illumination, an automatic spraying device for keeping humidity in the breeding room and a heater for keeping temperature in the breeding room constant; the outer layer cage chamber is an inner framework which is built by sectional materials and used for supporting, and a covering layer which is covered on the inner framework and made of transparent heat-insulating materials; the iodine tungsten lamp is arranged at the top of the inner frame; the automatic spraying device is arranged on the inner frame; the heater is arranged in the outer layer cage chamber; the covering layer is provided with a ventilation window; the inner layer cage chamber consists of a mosquito net type protective net; the device comprises an inner layer cage and an outer layer cage, wherein an adult oviposition device is installed in the inner layer cage, and potted plants used for stopping and falling when adults fly or mate are placed in the inner layer cage. The breeding room is utilized to realize the large-scale breeding of the hermetia illucens in any season, the labor cost is low, and the egg laying amount is large. However, the adult hermetia illucens breeding room belongs to a large-scale breeding room, and can realize large-scale breeding of the adult hermetia illucens, but has the following problems: (1) a large amount of land resources are required to be occupied for building the culture room; (2) the construction cost is high, a large amount of building materials are needed, potted plants are needed, the overall cost is high, and the popularization and the application of the hermetia illucens are not facilitated. 2. Other adult aquaria are similar in structure to mosquito nets. For example, Li Shinggang (Li Shinggang, Yansen, Laxijiaxiong, etc., Black soldier fly artificial breeding technology research in Xinglong area of Hainan, tropical agricultural science [ J ], 2011, 31 (6): 28-30) adopts Mongolian bag type mosquito net (specification: 2m × 1.8m × 1m) as a cage for raising imagoes. The similar method belongs to the laboratory research and is fundamentally different from the industrialized large-scale feeding.
Organic Agriculture (Organic Agriculture) refers to a planting industry which completely or basically does not use artificially synthesized fertilizers, pesticides, growth regulators and livestock and poultry feed additives in production and adopts Organic fertilizers to meet the nutritional requirements of crops, or a breeding industry which adopts Organic feeds to meet the nutritional requirements of livestock and poultry. Organic agriculture belongs to agriculture with great development prospect in the future. However, organic agriculture also has some problems in the development process, and some organic agriculture cannot be observed visually according to related requirements in actual production without artificially synthesized fertilizers, pesticides, growth regulators, livestock and poultry feed additives and the like, so that people are in doubt. Therefore, it is important to find a method for directly observing whether the organic agriculture uses the pesticide.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides application of adult hermetia illucens as an indicating organism without using pesticides in organic agriculture and a breeding method thereof, and solves the problems that the existing organic agriculture does not visually display the fact that no pesticides are used, the existing adult hermetia illucens are high in breeding cost and the like.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the application of the adult hermetia illucens as an indicator organism for organic agriculture without using pesticides.
Preferably: the application of the adult hermetia illucens as an indicator organism for organic vegetables in a vegetable greenhouse without using pesticides.
The invention also provides a vegetable greenhouse for symbiotic breeding of adult hermetia illucens and organic vegetables in the vegetable greenhouse, which comprises a main body frame and a sundry room, wherein a heat-insulating film is arranged on the main body frame, a heat-insulating and dehumidifying device, an ultraviolet lamp or an ozone machine, a trap lamp or a trap plate, an adult water drinking device and an egg receiving device are arranged in the main body frame, at least one layer of protective net is arranged around the trap lamp or the trap plate, meshes of the trap lamp or the trap plate are larger than the size of pests and smaller than the size of adult hermetia illucens, more than inlet doors are arranged in the sundry room, a self-sealing protective net is arranged at each inlet door, the meshes of a window protective net and the self-sealing protective net are smaller than the size of the pests, and the trap lamp or the trap plate is arranged between the adjacent inlet doors.
Preferably: the heat-insulation dehumidifying device comprises a main channel, the main channel is made of heat-insulation materials, an air outlet channel is arranged inside the main channel, an air inlet hole is formed in the main channel, the air outlet channel is a plastic film, one end of the air outlet channel is arranged in the vegetable greenhouse and connected with an exhaust fan, and the other end of the air outlet channel is arranged outside the vegetable greenhouse; the air inlet end of the main channel and the air outlet end of the air outlet channel are provided with air duct protective nets, and meshes of the air duct protective nets are smaller than the size of pests.
Preferably: the adult drinking device comprises a water supply device, the water supply device is connected with a water delivery main pipe, a plurality of water delivery branch pipes are arranged on the water delivery main pipe, flow regulating valves are arranged on the water delivery branch pipes, each water delivery branch pipe corresponds to a drinking water plate, each drinking water plate comprises a fence, and drinking troughs and insect stopping parts which are mutually communicated are arranged in the fences.
Preferably: the device also comprises a light supplementing device and/or a heating device.
The invention also provides a method for symbiotic breeding of adult hermetia illucens and organic vegetables in a vegetable greenhouse, and the vegetable greenhouse adopting the method comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out high-temperature greenhouse closing on the planting land, and carrying out insecticidal sterilization treatment;
(2) planting vegetables, placing the black soldier fly pupae in a vegetable greenhouse, naturally emerging the black soldier fly pupae into adults, and co-planting and breeding;
(3) carrying out artificial prevention, control, trapping and killing on insect pests in the culture process;
(4) an ultraviolet lamp or an ozone machine is adopted for disease control in the breeding process.
Preferably: the insecticidal sterilization treatment specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) when the temperature reaches more than 30 ℃ in summer, closing all air inlets and air outlets of the vegetable greenhouse, covering a plastic heat-insulating film on the top of the vegetable greenhouse and the land surface to ensure that the temperature of the soil reaches more than 70 ℃, keeping for 1-3 days, killing worm eggs in the soil, then turning the soil, and repeating the process for 1-3 times;
(2) then the water of potassium permanganate diluted by 2000 times and 5000 times is used for watering the land at least once, thus completing the insecticidal sterilization treatment.
Preferably: the artificial prevention and treatment is
(1) Arranging an insect-proof net at each place of the vegetable greenhouse, which is in contact with the outside, so as to prevent pests from entering the vegetable greenhouse; (2) a plurality of entrance openings are arranged in the sundries room, a self-sealing protective net is arranged at each entrance opening, when people enter each layer of protective net, the protective net is automatically sealed, pests are prevented from entering the vegetable greenhouse along with people, and people need to check whether the pests enter the vegetable greenhouse through one protective net, and are timely killed and trapped;
(3) when harmful insects in the vegetable greenhouse are found, the insects are artificially caught and killed in time.
Preferably: the ultraviolet lamp or the ozone machine is used for disease control, and when diseases occur, the ultraviolet lamp is turned on for sterilization for 1-2min or the ozone machine is turned on for more than 30 min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) through a large amount of researches, the inventor finds that the hermetia illucens imagoes have high sensitivity to chemically synthesized pesticides, and the chemically synthesized pesticides can kill the hermetia illucens imagoes. The adult hermetia illucens is completely harmless to human beings and very safe to the environment, does not carry pathogenic bacteria and invade the living environment of human beings, only takes a small amount of plant juice, and does not cause any harm to crops. Therefore, the adult hermetia illucens is used as an indicating organism for organic agriculture without using pesticides, on one hand, people can visually judge whether organic agriculture uses pesticides according to the death and the survival of the adult hermetia illucens, and on the other hand, the adult hermetia illucens is safe and harmless.
(2) Adopt the adult black soldier fly to breed and the mode that vegetable greenhouse vegetable planting combines to breed adult black soldier fly and vegetable planting, only need carry out simple transformation to vegetable greenhouse on the one hand, prevent that adult black soldier fly away can, on the other hand the life humiture of adult black soldier fly differs little with the vegetable planting humiture, can realize their intergrowth breed, has following advantage: (1) the land and the cost for constructing the adult hermetia illucens breeding room can be effectively saved, and the cost is effectively reduced; (2) a large amount of hermetia illucens eggs can be obtained all the year round, the large-scale development of hermetia illucens is effectively realized, and the popularization of hermetia illucens is facilitated; (3) the dissimilatory pollination of the plants in the vegetable greenhouse is generally manual, the efficiency is low, the labor cost is high, the adult hermetia illucens can effectively finish the pollination of the plants, the labor cost can be effectively saved, and the yield of fruits is improved; (4) the dead black soldier fly adult is a high-protein substance and can be used as a fertilizer for vegetables, so that the crop yield is effectively improved; (5) the adult hermetia illucens can exhale carbon dioxide in the breeding process, so that the content of the carbon dioxide in the vegetable greenhouse is increased, photosynthesis is facilitated, and the yield can be effectively improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a front view of a vegetable greenhouse of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of the vegetable greenhouse of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the heat-preservation and dehumidification device of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the adult drinking device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a water drinking plate according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the structure in the direction of a-a in fig. 5.
In the figure, 1 is a self-sealing protective net, 2 is a sundries compartment, 3 is an insect-attracting board, 4 is a main body frame, 5 is a heat-insulating and dehumidifying device, 5-1 is an air duct protective net, 5-2 is an air outlet channel, 5-3 is a main channel, 5-4 is an air inlet, 5-5 is an exhaust fan, 6 is an ultraviolet lamp, 7 is an adult water drinking device, 7-1 is a water supply device, 7-2 is a water delivery main pipe, 7-3 is a flow regulating valve, 7-4 is a water drinking board, 7-5 is a water delivery branch pipe, 7-6 is a fence, 7-7 is a water drinking trough, 7-8 is an insect stopping part, and 8 is an insect-attracting lamp.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Example 1
Application of adult hermetia illucens as indicator organism without pesticide in organic agriculture
Putting the adult hermetia illucens into the vegetable greenhouse, then spraying pesticides according to the using method of various pesticides, observing the state of the adult hermetia illucens, and concretely showing the following table:
TABLE 1 Effect of different types of pesticides on adult hermetia illucens
As can be seen from table 1, adult hermetia illucens are sensitive to various chemically synthesized pesticides, and the adult hermetia illucens die when the pesticides are generally used for crops. Table 1 lists only some of the chemical pesticides, but other chemical pesticides that cannot be used in organic agriculture also have a killing effect on adult hermetia illucens, and are not listed. Therefore, the adult hermetia illucens can be used as an indicating organism for organic agriculture without using pesticides, particularly has a better effect as an indicating organism for vegetable greenhouse crops without using pesticides, and the vegetable greenhouse is a closed space, so that the adult hermetia illucens can live but cannot fly away.
Example 2
The vegetable greenhouse for the symbiotic breeding of the adult hermetia illucens and the organic vegetables in the vegetable greenhouse can ensure that the existing vegetable greenhouse with any structure can be improved only by adding the insect-proof net to prevent the adult hermetia illucens from flying away.
This embodiment adopts single canopy big-arch shelter, to its transformation, specifically as follows:
as shown in fig. 1-5, a vegetable greenhouse for symbiotic breeding of adult hermetia illucens and organic vegetables in the vegetable greenhouse comprises a main frame 4 and a sundries room 2, wherein a heat preservation film is arranged on the main frame 4, and a heat preservation and dehumidification device 5, an ultraviolet lamp 6, an insect-attracting lamp and an adult drinking device 7 are arranged at the top of the main frame 4. At least one layer of insect-killing lamp protective net is arranged around the trap lamp, the meshes of the insect-killing lamp protective net are larger than the size of pests and smaller than the size of adult hermetia illucens, and the number of layers of the common insect-killing lamp protective net is two. The protection net for the insecticidal lamp can effectively prevent the insecticidal lamp from mistakenly killing adult black soldier flies. As a sterilizing device, an ozone machine can be arranged besides the ultraviolet lamp 6, and ozone sterilization is adopted. The trap lamp can also be replaced by a trap plate 3, which have the same function.
The sundries room 2 is provided with a plurality of inlet doors, each inlet door is provided with a self-sealing protective net 1, three surfaces of the self-sealing protective net 1 are sealed with a door frame of the inlet door, and two sides of the middle inlet and outlet are provided with magnets which are adsorbed mutually, so that the automatic sealing of the protective net is realized. A trap lamp or trap board 3 is arranged between the adjacent inlet doors. The embodiment is a trap board 3
The meshes of the self-sealing protective screening 1 are smaller than the size of pests, so that the pests are prevented from entering the vegetable greenhouse.
Vegetables and black soldier fly adult breed needs suitable humiture among the process of breeding, and the higher air of inside humidity of direct discharge is generally adopted in the dehumidification of current vegetable greenhouse, lets in fresh air, has following problem: (1) the fresh air is directly introduced, and the temperature in the greenhouse is reduced due to the low temperature of the fresh air, so that the growth of plants is not facilitated; if heated air is introduced, the cost of dehumidification is high. In order to solve the problems, the invention adds a heat preservation and dehumidification device 5 in the greenhouse
The heat-preservation dehumidifying device 5 comprises a main channel 5-3, the main channel 5-3 is made of heat-preservation materials, an air outlet channel 5-2 is arranged inside the main channel 5-3, an air inlet 5-4 is arranged on the main channel 5-3, the air outlet channel 5-2 is a plastic film, one end of the air outlet channel 5-2 is arranged in the vegetable greenhouse and connected with an exhaust fan 5-5, and the other end of the air outlet channel is arranged outside the vegetable greenhouse; an air duct protective net 5-1 is arranged at an air inlet end of the main channel 5-3 and an air outlet end of the air outlet channel 5-2, and meshes of the air duct protective net 5-1 are smaller than the size of pests. Through the heat exchange of the main channel 5-3, when fresh cold air enters the vegetable greenhouse, the temperature is not greatly different from the temperature in the greenhouse, and the temperature in the greenhouse cannot be reduced.
In addition, a sterilization device such as an ozone generator or an ultraviolet lamp 6 can be added at the inlet end of the fresh air to kill harmful bacteria in the air and prevent the harmful bacteria from entering the greenhouse.
The adult hermetia illucens do not eat food in the feeding process, and only some clear water or sugar water is needed. The method for solving the problem of drinking water in the existing adult hermetia illucens breeding process is as follows: (1) spraying water to the surface of the plant through a spraying device so as to be convenient for the adult hermetia illucens to drink. This method has the following problems: the adult hermetia illucens easily gets wet and dies when being sprayed, and the amount of water on the leaf surface is small, so that frequent spraying is needed. The growth of vegetables in the vegetable greenhouse is not facilitated, and moreover, the hermetia illucens drink water; (2) by adopting the square drinking box, sponge and water are placed in the square drinking box, and by adopting the device, adult black soldier flies are easily stuck by the water and can not fly to die when drinking water. The inventor has adopted the following adult water drinking device 7 through a great deal of research.
The adult drinking device 7 comprises a water supply device 7-1, the water supply device 7-1 is connected with a main water delivery pipe 7-2, a plurality of branch water delivery pipes 7-5 are arranged on the main water delivery pipe 7-2, flow regulating valves 7-3 are arranged on the branch water delivery pipes 7-5, each branch water delivery pipe 7-5 corresponds to one drinking water plate 7-4, each drinking water plate 7-4 comprises a fence 7-6, and drinking water troughs 7-7 and insect stopping and falling parts 7-8 which are mutually communicated are arranged inside the fence 7-7. In addition, the drinking water plate 7-4 is provided with the drinking water grooves 7-7 which are communicated with each other, the width of the drinking water grooves 7-7 is 0.5-1.5mm, and adult hermetia illucens cannot fall into the drinking water grooves 7-7. The adult hermetia illucens flies to the insect stopping part when drinking water, and the adult hermetia illucens flies after drinking water, so that death of the adult hermetia illucens is effectively avoided.
In this embodiment, one water supply device 7-1 corresponds to one main water pipe 7-2 and corresponds to a plurality of water distribution plates 7-4, or one water supply device 7-1 corresponds to a plurality of main water pipes 7-2, or one water supply device 7-1 corresponds to one main water pipe 7-2 and corresponds to one water distribution plate 7-4. The drinking water plate 7-4 is a yellow plate, and has an attraction effect on adult hermetia illucens.
The egg receiving device is a conventional device in the field, and corrugated paper is folded to form egg laying slots or the wood board is provided with the egg laying slots, so that the adult hermetia illucens can lay eggs and the eggs can be collected conveniently.
In order to control the temperature and illumination in the vegetable greenhouse, a light supplementing device and a heating device are added, the light supplementing device adopts a tungsten iodine lamp or an LED fluorescent lamp, and the heating device adopts a hot blast stove. In addition, the vegetable greenhouse is also provided with a temperature and humidity sensor, an irrigation device and the like.
The vegetable greenhouse transformed by the invention can be used for breeding adult hermetia illucens and vegetables.
Example 3
The invention discloses a symbiotic breeding method of adult hermetia illucens and organic vegetables in a vegetable greenhouse, which adopts the vegetable greenhouse of the invention and comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out high-temperature greenhouse closing on the planting land, and carrying out insecticidal sterilization treatment;
(2) planting vegetables, placing the hermetia illucens prepupa in a vegetable greenhouse, and allowing the hermetia illucens to naturally emerge into adults for co-culture;
(3) carrying out artificial prevention, control, trapping and killing on insect pests in the culture process;
(4) an ultraviolet lamp or an ozone machine is adopted for disease control in the breeding process.
The insecticidal sterilization treatment specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) when the temperature reaches more than 30 ℃ in summer, closing all air inlets and air outlets of the vegetable greenhouse, covering a plastic heat-insulating film on the top of the vegetable greenhouse and the land surface to ensure that the temperature of the soil reaches more than 70 ℃, keeping for 1-3 days, killing worm eggs in the soil, then turning the soil, and repeating the process for 1-3 times;
(2) then the water of potassium permanganate diluted by 2000 times and 5000 times is used for watering the land at least once, thus completing the insecticidal sterilization treatment.
The artificial prevention and treatment are
(1) Arranging an insect-proof net at each place of the vegetable greenhouse, which is in contact with the outside, so as to prevent pests from entering the vegetable greenhouse;
(2) a plurality of entrance openings are formed in the sundries room, a self-sealing protective net 1 is arranged at each entrance opening, when people enter each layer of protective net, the protective net is automatically sealed, pests are prevented from entering the vegetable greenhouse along with people, and when people pass through one protective net, whether pests enter the vegetable greenhouse or not is checked, and timely killing and trapping are carried out;
(3) when harmful insects in the vegetable greenhouse are found, the insects are artificially caught and killed in time.
The ultraviolet lamp or the ozone machine is used for preventing and treating diseases, when diseases occur, the ultraviolet lamp is started for sterilization for 1-2min or the ozone machine is started for more than 30 minutes.
Comparative example 1
Basically the same as in example 3, except that: adult hermetia illucens are not cultured.
When the greenhouse disclosed by the invention is used for planting organic vegetables, the breeding density of adult hermetia illucens is 300 per square meter, and the temperature is 25-35 ℃. The humidity is 40-90%.
The area of the plastic greenhouse is 600 square meters.
TABLE 2 Experimental data for symbiotic breeding of adult hermetia illucens and organic vegetables in vegetable greenhouse
| Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Yield increase (%) | |
| Tomato (kg) | 7200 | 5800 | 27 |
| Towel gourd (kg) | 18000 | 14200 | 27 |
| Chinese cabbage (kg) | 4800 | 4100 | 17 |
| Celery (kg) | 8000 | 6700 | 19 |
| Worm eggs (hundred million/day) | 1.15 | 0 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the symbiotic breeding of adult hermetia illucens and organic vegetables in the vegetable greenhouse can effectively improve the yield of the vegetables, and the yield is increased by over 17%. More than 1.15 hundred million worm eggs can be harvested every day, and the industrial popularization of the hermetia illucens can be effectively realized.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. The application of the adult hermetia illucens as an indicator organism of the organic vegetables in the vegetable greenhouse without using pesticides is characterized in that: the method for breeding the adult hermetia illucens and the organic vegetables in the vegetable greenhouse in a symbiotic manner comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out high-temperature greenhouse closing on the planting land, and carrying out insecticidal sterilization treatment;
(2) planting vegetables, placing the black soldier fly pupae in a vegetable greenhouse, naturally emerging the black soldier fly pupae into adults, and co-planting and breeding;
(3) carrying out artificial prevention, control, trapping and killing on insect pests in the culture process;
(4) an ultraviolet lamp or an ozone machine is adopted for disease control in the breeding process.
2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: the insecticidal sterilization treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) when the temperature reaches more than 30 ℃ in summer, closing all air inlets and air outlets of the vegetable greenhouse, covering a plastic heat-insulating film on the top of the vegetable greenhouse and the land surface to ensure that the temperature of the soil reaches more than 70 ℃, keeping for 1-3 days, killing worm eggs and germs in the soil, then turning the soil, and repeating the process for 1-3 times;
(2) then the water of potassium permanganate diluted by 2000 times and 5000 times is used for watering the land at least once, thus completing the insecticidal sterilization treatment.
3. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: the artificial control comprises the following steps:
(1) arranging an insect-proof net at each place where the vegetable greenhouse is in contact with the outside to prevent pests from entering the vegetable greenhouse;
(2) a plurality of entrance openings are formed in the sundries room, a self-sealing protective net is arranged at each entrance opening, when people enter each layer of protective net, the protective net is automatically sealed, pests are prevented from entering the vegetable greenhouse along with people, and when people pass through one protective net, whether pests enter the vegetable greenhouse or not is checked, and timely killing and trapping are carried out;
(3) when harmful insects in the vegetable greenhouse are found, the insects are artificially caught and killed in time.
4. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ultraviolet lamp or the ozone machine is used for disease control, and when diseases occur, the ultraviolet lamp is turned on for sterilization for 1-2min or the ozone machine is turned on for more than 30 min.
5. The utility model provides a vegetable greenhouse that is used for hermetia illucens adult and vegetable greenhouse organic vegetable's symbiotic species to breed, includes between main body frame and debris, main body frame on set up heat preservation membrane, its characterized in that: the insect trap comprises a main body frame, and is characterized in that a heat preservation and dehumidification device, an ultraviolet lamp or an ozone machine, a trap lamp or a trap plate, an adult drinking device and an egg receiving device are arranged in the main body frame, at least one layer of protective net is arranged around the trap lamp or the trap plate, meshes of the protective net of the trap lamp or the trap plate are larger than the size of pests and smaller than the size of adult black soldier flies, a plurality of inlet doors are arranged among sundries, a self-sealing protective net is arranged on each inlet door, the meshes of the self-sealing protective nets are smaller than the size of the pests, and the trap lamp or the trap plate is arranged between adjacent inlet doors;
the heat-preservation dehumidifying device comprises a main channel, wherein the main channel is made of heat-preservation materials, an air inlet hole is formed in the main channel, an air outlet channel is arranged in the main channel and is a plastic film, one end of the air outlet channel is arranged in the vegetable greenhouse and is connected with an exhaust fan, and the other end of the air outlet channel is arranged outside the vegetable greenhouse; the air inlet end of the main channel and the air outlet end of the air outlet channel are provided with air duct protective nets, and meshes of the air duct protective nets are smaller than the size of pests;
the adult drinking device comprises a water supply device, the water supply device is connected with a water delivery main pipe, the water delivery main pipe is provided with a plurality of water delivery branch pipes, the water delivery branch pipes are provided with flow regulating valves, each water delivery branch pipe corresponds to a drinking water plate, each drinking water plate comprises a fence, drinking troughs and insect stopping parts which are mutually communicated are arranged inside the fence, and the drinking water plates are yellow plates.
6. A vegetable greenhouse as claimed in claim 5, characterised in that: the device also comprises a light supplementing device and/or a heating device.
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| CN106857445A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-06-20 | 深圳前海弘稼科技有限公司 | Plantation equipment and its deinsectization method for disinfection |
| CN107114328B (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2019-06-18 | 郑州笨农农业科技有限公司 | A kind of black soldier flies cultivating system and cultural method |
| CN109221021A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-01-18 | 翁源惜福环保科技有限公司 | Black soldier flies breeding canopy and black soldier flies breeding method |
| CN109430173B (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2021-11-12 | 武汉工程大学 | Method for degrading pesticide residues in environment by using hermetia illucens larvae |
| CN112335611A (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-02-09 | 重庆市环卫集团有限公司 | Black soldier fly trapping and spawning method |
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