CN105532587B - Mediterranean flour moth method for breeding and application - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a breeding method and application of the Mediterranean mealworm. The present invention is used individually with grain or grain leftovers or mixed in a certain proportion with these two types (grain and grain leftovers). These grains or leftovers or mixed feed are used as artificial culture materials for breeding Mediterranean mealworm; the cultivated female adults of Mediterranean mealworm are placed in containers, and after they lay eggs, they are collected and placed in a refrigerator at 4-8°C or The eggs are ready to be irradiated by ultraviolet rays, and these eggs can be directly used for feeding and large-scale production of various natural enemies such as ladybugs, predatory mites, lacewings, florid bugs, and thrips. The eggs of Mediterranean mealworm can be used as hosts of various egg parasitoids such as Trichogramma and Trichogramma rice borer after being irradiated with ultraviolet rays. The larvae and eggs of the mediterranean mealworm produced by the method can be used to produce various natural enemy insects and predatory and carnivorous mites, thereby reducing the harm of pests and harmful mites to agricultural and forestry crops.

Description

Breeding method and application of Mediterranean mealworm

technical field

The invention relates to a breeding method and application of the mediterranean mealworm.

technical background

Today, ensuring food safety has attracted great attention from governments and people in various countries. In food safety, the frequent use of pesticides on crops has caused food and ecological pollution. People have always been concerned. How to reduce the pesticide pollution of crops has become a problem that agricultural scientists and government functional departments in various countries have been studying. Therefore, the research and development of how to control insect pests with less or no spraying of pesticides has been placed in front of people. Every kind of pest is controlled by its natural enemy, but the natural enemy has its common characteristics: the following phenomenon is the occurrence of pests and pest mites, and the natural enemy will catch up with the food population. In addition, due to the frequent use of pesticides, the living environment of the natural enemy is deteriorated, so It is necessary to artificially propagate a large number of natural enemies and release them to the field to make up for the shortage of natural enemies. However, artificial domestication and breeding of natural enemies are very difficult, especially the artificial feed of natural enemies is the most important problem. For example, large-scale artificial cultivation of the Mediterranean mealworm ( Ephestia kuehniella ) has always been a technical problem.

Contents of the invention

The task of the present invention is to provide a large-scale artificial breeding method and application of the Mediterranean mealworm ( Ephestia kuehniella ).

The breeding method of Mediterranean mealworm of the present invention is to realize by following technical scheme:

Use grains such as flour (fine flour, secondary flour), corn flour, sorghum flour, etc., or grain waste such as wheat bran, wheat bran, rice bran, etc. Single use can also be used by mixing these two types (grain and grain leftovers) in a certain proportion, wherein yeast powder or organic matter such as matrix or protein containing yeast components can be added, or not. These grains or leftovers or mixed feed can be used as artificial culture materials for breeding Mediterranean mealworm. These composts can all meet the nutrients needed for the growth, development and egg laying of the Mediterranean mealworm. The various composts mentioned above should be disinfected before use to avoid breeding failure caused by contamination of the substrate by pests, harmful mites or miscellaneous bacteria. Disinfection methods: a. Put the compost in a sub-zero refrigerator to freeze for several days for later use, or b. Put the material in an oven at 60°C-120°C and dry for 2-10 hours for later use.

The technological process of the breeding method of described Mediterranean mealworm is as follows:

(1) Mix the weighed flour (fine flour or secondary flour), corn flour, sorghum flour, corn flour, or grain and grain waste in a certain proportion, and yeast powder or yeast ingredients can be added to it Substrate, or not, put them into a culture vessel or carrier that is air-permeable and can prevent escape;

(2), and then add different numbers of eggs of Mediterranean mealworm in the culture container according to the size of the container;

(3) Introduce the breeding container or carrier into the cultivation room for cultivation, cultivation conditions: temperature: 15-36°C, relative air humidity 50-100%RH, with or without light, add different amounts of Mediterranean Sea according to the size of the container Eggs of mealworms. The generation cycle of Mediterranean mealworm is different according to the nutrient composition and temperature of the compost. When the culture temperature is 20-36°C, it is generally cultivated for 30-60 days. See Table 1 for the growth period and egg production of Mediterranean mealworm produced by different feeds.

The female adult of Mediterranean mealworm cultivated by the present invention is placed in a special container, waits for it to lay eggs, and after collecting the eggs, place them in a refrigerator at 4-8 degrees for use. These eggs can be directly used for feeding and large-scale production of various natural enemies such as ladybugs, predatory mites, lacewings, small flower bugs, and thrips.

The breeding method of the present invention obtains the eggs of the Mediterranean mealworm to raise other natural enemies. The eggs of the Mediterranean mealworm can be raised alone, or can be raised by adding aphids, pollen, red spiders, etc. during the raising process.

Using the cultivation method of the Mediterranean mealworm of the present invention, the collected eggs of the Mediterranean mealworm can be used as a substitute feed or prey for predatory mites or carnivorous mites. Specific predatory mites or carnivorous mites such as: Amblyseius (Typhlodromips) swiriskii Athias-Henriot ), Neoseiulus (Amblyseius) californicus (McGregor ), Neoseiulus ( Neoseiulus ) (Amblyseius) fallacics (Garman)), Amblyseius eharai Amitai & Swirskii ( Amblyseius eharai Amitai & Swirskii), Cucumber Neoseiulus ( Amblyseius ) limonicus (Garman & McGregor), Amblyseius andersoni CHant, Amblyseius (Iphiseius) degenerans Berlese, a species of Typhlodromips (Transeius ) Schicha, a species of Euseius ( Euseius gallicus Kreiter & Tixier), Ambylodes acumosus, Amblysus acuminata, Amblysei orientalis. See Table 2 for some predatory mites fed with eggs of Mediterranean mealworm.

The eggs of the Mediterranean mealworm cultivated by the method described in the invention can be used as hosts of various egg parasitoids such as Trichogramma and Trichogramma rice borer after being irradiated with ultraviolet rays. The collected eggs of the Mediterranean mealworm can be used as alternative feed or prey for ladybugs. Specific ladybugs such as: Leis Axyridis (Pallas), little black ladybug, knife-horned ladybug, red ladybug and other ladybugs of the family Coccinellidae; Trichogrammatidae. Trichogramma, Trichogramma pine caterpillar, Trichogramma corn borer, Trichogramma moth, Trichogramma rice borer, Trichogramma boat moth, Trichogramma leafhopper and other egg-parasitic Trichogramma; lacewing (.Chrysopidae ) such as Chinese lacewing, large lacewing, etc.; Syrphid, etc.; small flower bugs (Flower bug) such as small flower bugs, East Asian flower bugs, southern small flower bugs, tiny small flower bugs, etc. Feeding ladybugs with Mediterranean mealylorrhizae eggs produces The amount of eggs is equivalent to the amount of eggs laid by ladybugs, aphids, the prey of ladybugs, and the hatching rate of the eggs produced is not affected.Mediterranean mealworm plays a very important role in the large-scale industrial breeding of natural enemies for the yield and quality. Compared with the prior art, the present invention successfully invents the cultivation method of the Mediterranean mealworm ( Ephestia kuehniella ), and successfully uses the eggs of the Mediterranean mealworm to raise ladybirds, lacewings, Trichogrammatidae, predators Mite (Predatory mites), thrips (Thrips), hoverfly (Syrphid) and other natural enemies. Use the 1st and 2nd instar larvae of Mediterranean mealylorrhizae to raise small flower bugs. Utilize this method to produce larvae and eggs of Mediterranean mealylorrhizae can be used to produce Various natural enemy insects and predatory, carnivorous mites, thereby reducing the harm of pests and harmful mites to agricultural and forest crops. This invention will reduce the use of pesticides in China's agriculture, produce pollution-free, organic food, and protect the ecological environment. important contribution.

Table 1 Biological characteristics of different foods eaten by Mesophila mediterranei

25°C

Table 2 The biological characteristics of different predatory mites fed with eggs of Mediterranean mealworm

25°C

species of predatory mite egg period Larva stage I nymph stage Nymph II Pre-spawning period generation Spawning period total egg production Amblyseius cucurbita 1.63±0.57 1.00±0.32 2.22±0.41 2.13±0.71 2.68±0.71 9.68±0.60 60.06±1.98 80.36±7.89 Amblyseius stepii 1.36±0.25 0.86±1.6 1.73±0.48 2.04±0.71 1.64±1.00 7.60±1.24 44.56±1.89 54.56±3.33 Amblyseius pasteurii 1.83±0. 75 1.20±0.12 2.27±0.21 2.23±0.81 2.48±0.61 10.01±0.6 50.06±1.08 53.63±7.19 Amblyseius californica 1.45±0.17 0.77±0.27 1.38±0.33 1.25±0.22 1.35±0.22 6.20±0.24 46.56±1.29 50.33±2.10 Amblyseius pseudo-Amblyseius 1.50±0.37 0.75±0.37 1.50±0.54 1.30±0.23 1.50±0.27 6.55±0.47 48.67±1.81 58.13±1.20 Amblyseius japonicus 1.70±0.51 0.90±0.17 1.05±0.20 1.20±0.51 1.85±0.22 6.70±0.36 40.26±1.39 52.57±2.23 Amblyseius viridans 1.50±0.27 0.75±0.27 1.50±0.30 1.51±0.23 1.75±0.44 7.10±0.41 55.11±1.45 58.13±5.32 Amblyseius pseudophyllosa 1.55±0.51 0.85±0.37 1.55±0.44 1.45±0.33 1.90±0.11 7.30±0.35 48.25±1.43 50.43±1.11 Pleipiseius lemon 1.59±0.52 1.02±0.54 1.58±0.19 1.65±0.34 1.58±0.23 7.42±0.36 55.16±1.29 51.63±2.22 Amblyseius andersonii 2.2±0.53 0.77±0.51 1.55±0.19 1.33±0.54 1.97±0.56 7.82±0.47 53.28±1.23 55.66±3.12

Claims (6)

1. Mediterranean flour moth cultural method, it is characterized in that：With grain or grain leftover as material, used aloned, or with grain and grain Being used in mixed way by a certain percentage of food leftover bits and pieces, these grains or leftover bits and pieces or mixed fodder are used as with foster Mediterranean flour moth Artificial compost, described various artificial composts will carry out disinfection before, sterilization method：A, artificial compost is placed on zero Lower refrigerator frost a couple of days is standby；B or artificial compost be put into 60 DEG C of -120 DEG C of baking ovens dry 2-10 hours it is standby;

The technological process of the method for breeding of described Mediterranean flour moth is as follows：

（1）The mixing by a certain percentage of load weighted flour, corn flour, sorghum flour or grain and grain leftover as material is made With placing them into that one ventilative respectively and in the culture vessel that can prevent from escaping；

（2）The kind ovum of the Mediterranean flour moth of varying number and then in culture vessel is added according to container size；

（3）Culture vessel or carrier are introduced into culturing room to be cultivated, condition of culture：Temperature is：15-36 DEG C, air is relatively wet Spend for 50-100%RH, when 20-36 DEG C of cultivation temperature, general culture -60 days 30 days;

The female adult pest for the Mediterranean flour moth turned out is placed in special container, treats its spawning, and 4-8 degree is placed after collecting ovum It is stand-by in refrigerator.

2. the method for breeding of Mediterranean flour moth according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, under described grain or grain Heel adds dusty yeast or matrix or protein matrix containing zymasis.

3. the application of the method for breeding of Mediterranean flour moth according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that described raising Method turns out the ovum for obtaining Mediterranean flour moth to raise natural enemy, is individually raised with the ovum of Mediterranean flour moth, or raising Aphid, pollen, red spider raising are added in journey.

4. the application of the method for breeding of Mediterranean flour moth according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that, described feeding Mediterranean flour moth 1 that foster method is turned out, 2 instar larvaes are used to raise minute pirate bugs.

5. the application of the method for breeding of Mediterranean flour moth according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that, described feeding The ovum for the Mediterranean flour moth that foster method is turned out, as predacious mites or the replacement feed of carnivorous mite class or prey.

6. the application of the method for breeding of Mediterranean flour moth according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that, described feeding Foster method turns out Mediterranean flour moth ovum and is used to raise ladybug, Chrysopa, trichogramma, thrips, wasp fly.