CN106961959B - Simplified pest control method for production of facility potted flowers - Google Patents
Simplified pest control method for production of facility potted flowers Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simplified pest control method for production of facility potted flowers, and belongs to the technical field of pest control of ornamental horticulture. Aiming at pests mainly with piercing (filing) sucking pests such as thrips, red spiders, aphids, whiteflies, scale insects and the like and diseases mainly with stems and leaves such as black spot, anthracnose, damping-off, southern blight, damping-off, stem rot and the like in the whole production process of the facility potted flowers, the invention constructs a whole set of simple pest control mode comprising 'strong, double-strong, triple-drive, four-trap, five-release and six-drug'.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pest and disease control of ornamental horticulture, and particularly relates to a simplified pest control method for production of facility potted flowers.
Background
The flower industry is the most well-recognized "gold industry" and "sunrise industry" with development potential in the world today. The yield of the flower unit is 10-50 times of that of the common crops. The national forestry development program of "twelve five" has listed flowers as one of ten leading industries in modern forestry development. The Fujian province is one of seven-pot flower planting bases in China, the average sales per mu is 2.7 times of the average level in China, potted flower products with characteristics of banyans, narcissus, succulent plants, orchids, sansevieria trifasciata and the like are formed and are put into the international market at a time, more than 100 export varieties are formed, the total export amount accounts for nearly seven percent in China, and the export area develops to more than 40 countries and regions such as Europe, the middle east, Japan, Korea and the like.
At present, potted flowers are mainly planted in greenhouses, greenhouses and other facilities; the intensive production mode leads to the increasing occurrence of pests mainly including thrips, red spiders, aphids, whiteflies, scale insects and other piercing (filing) sucking pests and diseases mainly including stem and leaves such as black spot, anthracnose, damping-off, southern blight, damping-off and stem rot, directly influences the production of potted plants in facilities, and the technical requirements of enterprises and farmers on the prevention and treatment of the plant diseases and insect pests are urgent. Aiming at the problem, currently, scholars propose some feasible cultivation and prevention and control technical schemes, such as Wangyun reports "common pest control of potted flowers" (2009), Wangyulong reports "cultivation and maintenance of potted flowers" (2013), and Lingyong documents and the like propose "a pesticide preparation for removing pests and diseases of exported potted flowers and a using method thereof" (ZL 20140172048.0), and the like. However, these technologies only provide specific control measures for a specific disease and pest, and also focus on the use of chemical pesticides, and are lack of integral integration of the main pest and disease damage common control technologies in the whole production process, and the phenomenon of repeated pesticide application is easy to occur. Therefore, a whole set of simplified pest control technical specification suitable for the production of the facility potted flowers is urgently needed to be constructed, the occurrence and the damage of the diseases and pests of the facility potted flowers are more simply, normatively, safely and efficiently controlled, the higher quality and the higher yield of the facility potted flowers are kept, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is obviously reduced, and the reduction and the efficiency improvement of the chemical fertilizers and the pesticides are realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simplified pest control method for the production of facility potted flowers, which can effectively control the occurrence and harm of diseases and pests in the whole production process of the facility potted flowers, obviously reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, realize the reduction and the improvement of the application of the chemical fertilizers and the pesticides and has important significance on the green production and the environmental protection of the facility potted flowers.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a simple pest control method for the production of facility potted flowers, which aims at pests mainly including thrips, red spiders, aphids, whiteflies, scale insects and other piercing (filing) suction types and stem and leaf diseases mainly including black spot, anthracnose, damping-off, southern blight, stem rot and the like in the whole process of the production of the facility potted flowers and adopts six steps of 'strong one, strong two, strong three, luring four, releasing five and six drugs' to control pests; the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) firstly, the strength is as follows: facility conditions are strengthened, including clean environment, greenhouse disinfection and information monitoring, the clean facility environment is cleaned, and the breeding of diseases and insects can be effectively relieved;
1) cleaning the environment: periodically removing weed sundries, insect pests and residues on the periphery and inside of the facility greenhouse; the insect-proof nets are additionally arranged at the air port, the doorway and the like of the greenhouse, the greenhouse film, the door and the window and the insect-proof nets are maintained regularly, and the physical insect-proof and insect-proof functions are guaranteed and enhanced;
2) greenhouse disinfection: before planting, the greenhouse is fumigated by mixing 10 mass percent of chlorothalonil smoke agent and 3 mass percent of beta-cypermethrin smoke agent, wherein the amount of the 10 mass percent of chlorothalonil smoke agent is 120g/100m2The usage amount of the high-efficiency cypermethrin smoke agent with the mass concentration of 3 percent is 20 to 35g/100m2；
3) Information monitoring: an agriculture and forestry ecology remote real-time monitoring system is installed in the facility greenhouse, environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity and light control of the facility and dynamic situations of growth and plant diseases and insect pests of potted flowers are tracked and monitored in real time, and reference and basis are provided for selection of prevention and control measures of plant diseases and insect pests of the facility potted flowers;
(2) two health functions: body-building cultivation, including substrate disinfection, healthy seedling, comfortable habitat, accurate rich water, immunity induction and bee pollination;
1) matrix disinfection: before planting, uniformly spraying 40-60 times of 30-40kg formalin solution or 84 disinfectant solution on every 1000kg of matrix, uniformly stirring, covering a plastic bag, and sealing for 4-6 days, so that the insect source in the matrix can be effectively killed;
2) healthy seedlings: selecting strong and high-quality seedlings with high survival rate, quick treetop and long leaves, strong disease and insect resistance, and no diseases and insects and damage, and using 1600-fold 2200-fold liquid of agricultural streptomycin wettable powder with the mass concentration of 20 percent and 4500-fold liquid of avermectin microemulsion with the mass concentration of 5 percent according to the volume ratio of 1: 1 soaking the whole plant of the prepared mixed solution for 3-5 minutes;
3) comfortable habitat: during planting, the growth environments such as the temperature, the humidity, the illumination and the like suitable for the potted flowers are adjusted according to the growth requirements of the potted flowers; the temperature and the humidity can be adjusted by electric heating fan heaters, ground heating wires, negative pressure fans, water curtains and other equipment and measures such as water spraying and ventilation, and the illumination can be adjusted by single-layer or double-layer sunshade nets with different meshes; meanwhile, according to different varieties, the planting density is controlled, over-dense planting and closing in a greenhouse are prevented, ventilation and light transmission are reduced, humidity is increased, and pest and disease damage is induced;
4) precise water fertilizing: at different growth stages of the facility potted flowers, reasonably matching the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of the fertilizer through a soil testing formula, and applying a quick-acting fertilizer and a slow-acting fertilizer, an organic fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer in a combined manner; on the basis of ensuring the requirement of rich water, the artificial fertilization and watering is changed into a fertilization and watering method which mainly adopts intelligent drip irrigation and assists spray irrigation, so that the rich water is saved, the air humidity can be effectively reduced, the matrix temperature can be increased, and the occurrence of diseases and insects can be obviously reduced;
5) immune induction: combining with rich water, adding bacterial manure (600 times of EM bacterial liquid 400-;
6) bee pollination: the plant can promote the growth of the plant by pollination of insects such as bees and bumblebees, improve the quality of flowers, fruits and seeds and improve the vitality of offspring; the application of the pesticide is forbidden before the potted flower blooms for 10-15 days, and the pesticide is applied at the interval of 500m after the flower blooms2Releasing 1 bee or bumblebee standard colony for pollination in the greenhouse range of the facility;
(3) three-drive: repelling, namely utilizing the color or smell of pests and variety prevention and control of pests, including plant repelling and isolation zone repelling;
1) plant repelling: celery is intercropped around the inside of a facility greenhouse by utilizing the obvious repelling effect of the celery on the whiteflies, so that the harm of the whiteflies is reduced; meanwhile, a variety which is good in character, suitable for local planting and strong in disease and insect resistance is selected as a main variety, and intercropping other varieties are matched, wherein the planting proportion of the main variety to the other varieties is 2-3: 1, enriching biological diversity and inhibiting outbreak of other diseases and pests;
3) the isolation belt is used for repelling: coating a layer of plastic film which is coated with the engine oil or the diesel oil uniformly on the outer part on each support column at the periphery of the seedbed to serve as a seedbed insect prevention isolation belt, and additionally brushing the engine oil or the diesel oil for 1 time every 1-2 months to prevent and control red spiders and scale insects;
(4) fourthly, inducing: the induction control is to utilize the phototaxis, chemotaxis and other habits of pests to prevent and control the pests, and can play double roles of monitoring and controlling the pests simultaneously, including induction control of a pest killing lamp, induction control of a color plate and induction control of pheromone;
1) the pest control lamp induces and controls: by utilizing phototaxis of pests, every 300m in greenhouse21 multifunctional electrostatic insect killing lamp and a greenhouse electric demisting disease prevention and growth promotion machine are respectively hung, the hanging height is 50-60cm above the seedling plant, and the lamp is cleaned for 1 time every 1-2 months;
2) color plate induction control: by utilizing the color-developing property of pests, in a greenhouse, the ratio of 2: 1 yellow and blue plates are hung alternately in proportion of every 100m2Placing 3 pieces, hanging at the place 15-20cm above the seedling, and changing the plate every 1-2 months for 1 time;
3) pheromone induction control: by utilizing the chemotaxis of pests, 1 pheromone attracting core of pests such as thrips, aphids, whiteflies and the like is added on each insect attracting color plate while the color plates are attracted and controlled, and the attracting color plates and the pheromone attracting cores are cooperated to monitor and control the pests;
(5) fifthly, placing: the biological control substance is an important component for green prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests of the facility potted flowers, is relatively safe, effective and durable, can replace part of chemical pesticides for application, reduces the using amount of the chemical pesticides, does not pollute the flowers and the environment, is favorable for keeping ecological balance, and comprises releasing natural enemies, applying biocontrol bacteria and microbial metabolites;
1) releasing natural enemies: predatory mites (Amblyseius swirskii, Amblyseius californicus, Amblyseius barkeri, Amblyseius cucumeris and the like), ladybirds (harmonia axyridis, ladybug, propylaea japonica and the like), parasitic wasps (trichogramma, Ceraphis mucronatus and the like) and other natural enemies have better searching and predatory effects on pests such as thrips, red spiders, aphids, whiteflies, scale insects and the like; when the insect plant rate is more than or equal to 1%, every 100m2Releasing 25-30 bags of predatory mites with net content of more than or equal to 2500 per bag, 1 Ipomoea batatas bee card with net content of more than or equal to 2500 or 1 Ipomoea variegata egg card with net content of more than or equal to 100;
2) biocontrol bacteria: the biocontrol bacteria such as isaria fumosorosea, beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae and verticillium lecanii have better infection on pests such as aphids, thrips, whiteflies, scale insects and the likeThe insect pest control agent has a lethal effect, has good inhibition effects on diseases such as black spot, anthracnose, damping-off, stem rot and the like by disease biocontrol bacteria such as trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis and the like, is relatively safe to natural enemies, and can release the natural enemies and increase 2 × 10 by turns when the insect pest rate is more than or equal to 1 percent8cfu/g Isaria fumosorosea powder 70-100g/100m2And 1 × 101030-40g/100m cfu/g metarhizium anisopliae milk powder2Spraying or directly spraying for 1-3 times each at an interval of 10-15 days, and alternately increasing the dose of 1 × 10 when the disease rate is more than 1%810-15g/100m cfu/g trichoderma harzianum water dispersible granule2And 1 × 10106-10g/100m bacillus subtilis wettable powder of spores/g2Spraying for 1-3 times every 10-15 days to control diseases such as black spot, anthracnose, damping-off, stem rot, etc., and control the diseases and pests in the range of economic threshold index as much as possible;
3) microbial metabolites: the abamectin, spinetoram, emamectin benzoate, polyoxin, validamycin, agricultural streptomycin and the like are high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue biological insecticide (bacteria) extracted or synthesized from microbial fermentation products, and are relatively safe to natural enemies, beneficial insects and the environment; when the rate of the insect plants is more than or equal to 3% and less than 5%, 10-15 mL/mu of avermectin microemulsion with the mass concentration of 5%, 10-20 mL/mu of spinetoram suspending agent with the mass concentration of 60g/L and 6.6-13.2 mL/mu of emamectin benzoate emulsifiable concentrate with the mass concentration of 1% are alternately added for spraying for 1-3 times respectively while releasing natural enemies, and the pesticide is synergistically enhanced with the natural enemies to prevent and control pests such as red spiders, aphids, thrips, whiteflies, scale insects and scale insects every 10-15 days; when the disease rate is more than or equal to 3 percent and less than 5 percent, 15 to 18g/100m of polyoxin wettable powder with the mass concentration of 10 percent is alternately added2And 5% of validamycin aqua 16-18g/100m in mass concentration23-5g/100m agricultural streptomycin wettable powder with mass concentration of 20%2Spraying for 1-3 times every 10-15 days to control diseases such as black spot, anthracnose, damping-off, stem rot and the like, and controlling the diseases and pests within the range of economic threshold indexes;
(6) six drugs, high-efficiency and low-risk chemical pesticides are applied; chemical control is still an important and effective means for controlling diseases and pests at present; the method has the advantages that green and simplified pest control measures are not used chemical pesticides, the key is how to use the chemical pesticides scientifically and reasonably, forbidden and limited chemical pesticides are strictly controlled, high-efficiency and low-risk chemical pesticides are applied with great attention, and the strict control of the safe use interval of the pesticides is an important measure for ensuring the safe use of the chemical pesticides;
after biological pesticides such as abamectin, spinetoram, emamectin benzoate, polyoxin, agricultural streptomycin and the like are applied, when the pest rate is more than or equal to 5 percent, spirotetramat suspending agent with mass concentration of 22.4 percent is alternately added by 2-4g/100m2Cyantraniliprole dispersible oil suspending agent with mass concentration of 10% 4-7g/100m2And dinotefuran soluble granules with mass concentration of 20% 7-10g/100m2Spraying for 1-3 times every 10-15 days to control red spider, aphid, thrips, whitefly and scale insect; when the plant disease rate is more than or equal to 5 percent, 6-7g/100m of prochloraz emulsifiable solution with the mass concentration of 25 percent is alternately added25-8g/100m difenoconazole water dispersible granule with mass concentration of 10%2And chlorobromoisocyanuric acid soluble powder with mass concentration of 50 percent of 6-8g/100m2Spraying for 1-3 times every 10-15 days to prevent and control diseases such as black spot, anthracnose, damping-off, stem rot and the like; when the chemical agents are used, the chemical agents are alternated and used with plant sources and biological pesticides as much as possible, so that the generation of drug-resistant individuals is delayed.
The invention has the following remarkable effects:
(1) the invention provides a set of simplified pest control technology suitable for the production of facility potted flowers, and the operation is simple, standard, safe and efficient.
(2) By adopting the method to control the damage of the potted flowers, the pest control effect of the flowers is improved by 10-15%, the usage amount of chemical fertilizer pesticides is reduced by 15-20%, the reduction and the efficiency improvement of the chemical fertilizer pesticides are realized, and the method has important significance for environmental protection. Meanwhile, the pest control consciousness and level of flower planting enterprises and farmers in the process of planting the facility potted flowers are improved, the commodity qualification rate of the facility potted flowers is improved by 10-20%, the standardized and standardized planting of the facility potted flowers is promoted, and the economic and social benefits are very obvious.
Detailed Description
In order to make the present invention more comprehensible, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
Taking the facility potted ficus microcarpa as an example, aiming at the whole production process of the facility potted ficus microcarpa, the following method is adopted to control the pests:
1. periodically removing weed sundries, insect pests and residues on the periphery and inside of the facility greenhouse; the air port, the door and the like of the greenhouse are additionally provided with insect-proof nets, and the greenhouse film, the door and the window and the insect-proof nets are maintained regularly;
2. before planting, the greenhouse is fumigated by mixing 10% of chlorothalonil smoke agent and 3% of beta-cypermethrin smoke agent, wherein the amount of the 10% of chlorothalonil smoke agent is 100g/100m2The usage amount of the beta-cypermethrin smoke agent with the mass concentration of 3 percent is 20g/100m2(ii) a Uniformly spraying 50 times of 30kg of formalin solution (the methanol content is 37-40%) on every 1000kg of matrix, uniformly stirring, covering a plastic bag, and sealing for 4 days;
3. installing a good multi-agriculture and forestry ecological remote real-time monitoring system in a facility greenhouse, and tracking and monitoring environmental conditions such as facility temperature, humidity and light control and dynamic real conditions of growth and plant diseases and insect pests of potted banyans in real time;
4. selecting robust banyan seedlings without diseases, insects and damages, and before planting, using 1800 times of agricultural streptomycin wettable powder with the mass concentration of 20% and 5000 times of abamectin microemulsion with the mass concentration of 5% according to the volume ratio of 1: 1 soaking the whole plant of the prepared mixed solution for 3 minutes;
5. during planting, the proper temperature and humidity conditions are adjusted by using devices such as an electric heating fan heater, a negative pressure fan, a water curtain and the like and measures such as water spraying and ventilation; the illumination is adjusted by single-layer sunshade nets with different meshes; meanwhile, the planting density is controlled;
6. applying quick-acting fertilizer and slow-acting fertilizer, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer in combination at different growth stages of the potted ficus microcarpa; on the basis of ensuring the requirement of rich water, the artificial fertilization and watering is changed into a fertilization and watering method which takes intelligent drip irrigation as a main part and takes spray irrigation as an auxiliary part;
7. combining with rich water, adding 800 times of plant activated protein wettable powder with the mass concentration of 3% and irrigating the roots for 3 times, wherein every 25 days are separated;
8. intercropping celery at the periphery inside the greenhouse; meanwhile, 'black diamond' or 'ficus microcarpa' which is good in character, suitable for local planting and strong in disease and insect resistance is selected as a main cultivar, and other varieties such as 'ficus microcarpa' and 'ficus microcarpa' are intercropped, wherein the planting proportion of the main cultivar to the other varieties is 3: 1;
9. coating a plastic film with the outside uniformly coated with machine oil on each support column around the seedbed, and additionally coating machine oil for 1 time every 1 month;
10. in a greenhouse, every 300m21 multifunctional electrostatic insect killing lamp and a greenhouse electric demisting disease prevention and growth promotion machine are respectively hung, the hanging height is 50cm above the seedling plant, and the lamp is cleaned for 1 time every 2 months;
11. in a greenhouse, the weight ratio of 2: 1 yellow and blue plates are hung alternately in proportion of every 100m2Placing 3 pieces, hanging the pieces at the position 15cm above the seedling, adding pheromone luring cores for installing 1 pest such as thrips, aphids, whiteflies and the like on each piece of the luring color plate, and changing the plate for 1 time every 1 month;
12. when the insect plant rate is more than or equal to 1%, every 100m2Releasing 30 bags of predatory mites with net content of more than 2500 per bag and 1 piece of harmonia axyridis egg card with net content of more than 100 per bag, and alternately adding 2 × 108cfu/g Isaria fumosorosea powder 80g/100m2And 100 × 1010cfu/g metarhizium anisopliae milk powder 30g/100m2Spraying for 1 time each time every 12 days, and alternately increasing 1 × 10 when the disease rate is more than or equal to 1%8cfu/g trichoderma harzianum water dispersible granule 12g/100m2And 1 × 108Bacillus subtilis wettable powder with spore/g of 7g/100m2Spraying for 1 time each, every 10 days;
13. when the insect rate is more than or equal to 3 percent and less than 5 percent, releasing natural enemies and alternately increasing 12 mL/mu of spinetoram suspending agent with the mass concentration of 60g/L and 7 mL/mu of emamectin benzoate missible oil with the mass concentration of 1 percent for spraying for 1 time respectively,every 15 days; when the disease rate is more than or equal to 3 percent and less than 5 percent, the polyoxin wettable powder with the mass concentration of 10 percent is alternately added by 16g/100m2And a 5% validamycin aqua of 17g/100m2Spraying for 1 time each, every 10 days;
14. when the insect rate is more than or equal to 5 percent after the biological pesticide is applied, the spirotetramat suspending agent with the mass concentration of 22.4 percent is alternately added by 2g/100m2And dinotefuran soluble granules with mass concentration of 20% 8g/100m2Spraying for 1 time each, every 12 days; when the plant disease rate is more than or equal to 5 percent, prochloraz emulsifiable solution with the mass concentration of 25 percent is alternately added for 6g/100m2And 7g/100m of chlorobromoisocyanuric acid soluble powder with the mass concentration of 50 percent2Spraying for 1 time each, every 10 days.
The method effectively controls the diseases and pests in the whole production process of the facility potted ficus microcarpa, improves the pest control effect by 15 percent, reduces the usage amount of chemical fertilizer pesticides by 18 percent, improves the commodity qualification rate by 15 percent, and has very obvious economic, social and ecological benefits.
Example 2
Taking a facility potted succulent plant as an example, aiming at the whole production process of the facility potted succulent plant, the following method is adopted to control the pests:
1. periodically removing weed sundries, insect pests and residues on the periphery and inside of the facility greenhouse; the air port, the door and the like of the greenhouse are additionally provided with insect-proof nets, and the greenhouse film, the door and the window and the insect-proof nets are maintained regularly;
2. before planting, the greenhouse is fumigated by mixing 10% of chlorothalonil smoke agent and 3% of beta-cypermethrin smoke agent, wherein the amount of the 10% of chlorothalonil smoke agent is 120g/100m2The usage amount of the beta-cypermethrin smoke agent with the mass concentration of 3 percent is 30g/100m2(ii) a Uniformly spraying 35kg of liquid 40 times of 84 disinfectant (the content of available chlorine is more than or equal to 3%) on each 1000kg of matrix, uniformly stirring, and then covering a plastic bag for sealing for 6 days;
3. installing a good multi-agriculture and forestry ecological remote real-time monitoring system in the facility greenhouse, and tracking and monitoring environmental conditions such as facility temperature, humidity and light control and the dynamic real situation of growth and plant diseases and insect pests of the potted succulent plants in real time;
4. selecting strong succulent plant seedlings without diseases, insects and damage, and using 2000 times of agricultural streptomycin wettable powder with the mass concentration of 20% and 4800 times of abamectin microemulsion with the mass concentration of 5% before planting according to the volume ratio of 1: 1 soaking the whole plant of the prepared mixed solution for 4 minutes;
5. during planting, proper temperature and humidity conditions are adjusted by adopting devices such as ground heating wires, negative pressure fans, water curtains and the like and measures such as water spraying and ventilation; adjusting proper illumination by using single-layer or double-layer sunshade nets with different meshes; meanwhile, the planting density is controlled; the illumination is adjusted by single-layer and double-layer sunshade nets with different meshes; meanwhile, the planting density is controlled;
6. applying quick-acting fertilizer, slow-acting fertilizer, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer in different growth stages of the succulent plants potted in the facility; on the basis of ensuring the requirement of rich water, the artificial fertilization and watering is changed into a fertilization and watering method which takes intelligent drip irrigation as a main part and takes spray irrigation as an auxiliary part;
7. spraying 500 times of EM bacterial liquid for 3 times at an interval of 25 days in combination with watering;
8. the application of the pesticide is forbidden 15 days before flowers of potted succulent plants bloom; after flowering, every 300m2Releasing 1 bumblebee standard colony for pollination in a greenhouse range;
9. intercropping celery at the periphery inside the greenhouse; meanwhile, the rabbit ears are selected as main cultivated varieties, and intercropping saussurea involucrate and red heart lotus and other varieties are matched, wherein the ratio of the main cultivated varieties to the other varieties is 2: 1;
10. coating a layer of plastic film with diesel oil uniformly coated on the outer part of each support column at the periphery of the seedbed, and supplementing and brushing the diesel oil for 1 time every 1 month;
11. in a greenhouse, every 300m21 multifunctional electrostatic insect killing lamp and a greenhouse electric demisting disease prevention and growth promotion machine are respectively hung, the hanging height is 60cm above the seedling plant, and the lamp is cleaned for 1 time every 2 months;
12. in a greenhouse, the weight ratio of 2: 1 yellow and blue plates are hung alternately in proportion of every 100m2Placing 3 pieces, hanging the pieces at the position 15cm above the seedling, adding pheromone luring cores for installing 1 pest such as thrips, aphids, whiteflies and the like on each piece of the luring color plate, and changing the plate for 1 time every 1 month;
13. when the insect plant rate is more than or equal to 1%, every 100m2Releasing 25-30 bags of predatory mites with net content of more than or equal to 2500 per bag and 1 card of encarsia formosa with net content of more than or equal to 2500, and alternately adding 2 × 108cfu/g Isaria fumosorosea powder 100g/100m2Spray sum 1 × 101040g/100m cfu/g metarhizium anisopliae milk powder2Spraying for 1 time each at 15 days intervals, and alternately adding 1 × 10 when the disease rate is more than or equal to 1%8cfu/g trichoderma harzianum water dispersible granule 15g/100m2And 1 × 1010Bacillus subtilis wettable powder with spore/g of 8g/100m2Spraying for 1 time each, every 10 days;
14. when the insect rate is more than or equal to 3% and less than 5%, releasing natural enemies and alternately adding 12 mL/mu of abamectin microemulsion with the mass concentration of 5% and 18 mL/mu of spinetoram suspending agent with the mass concentration of 60g/L for spraying for 1 time respectively every 12 days; when the disease rate is more than or equal to 3 percent and less than 5 percent, the validamycin aqua with the mass concentration of 5 percent is used for 18g/100m in turn2And agricultural streptomycin wettable powder with mass concentration of 20 percent of 4g/100m2Spraying for 1 time each, every 10 days;
15. when the insect rate is more than or equal to 5 percent after the biological pesticide is applied, 3g/100m of spirotetramat suspending agent with the mass concentration of 22.4 percent is alternately added25g/100m of cyantraniliprole dispersible oil suspending agent with mass concentration of 10%2Spraying for 1 time each, every 12 days; when the disease rate is more than or equal to 5 percent, 6g/100m of difenoconazole water dispersible granules with 10 percent of mass concentration are alternately added2And chlorobromoisocyanuric acid soluble powder with mass concentration of 50 percent of 8g/100m2Spraying for 1 time each, every 10 days.
The method effectively controls diseases and pests in the whole process of producing the facility potted succulent plants, improves the pest control effect by 12 percent, reduces the usage amount of chemical fertilizer and pesticide by 15 percent, improves the commodity qualification rate by 12 percent, and has remarkable economic, social and ecological benefits.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A simplified pest control method for the production of facility potted flowers is characterized in that: aiming at insect pests which mainly comprise piercing and sucking types or filing and sucking types and diseases which mainly comprise stems and leaves in the whole process of the production of the facility potted flowers, six steps of 'strong one, strong two, driving three, luring four, releasing five and taking six medicines' are adopted to control the pests; the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) firstly, the strength is as follows: strengthening facility conditions including clean environment, greenhouse disinfection and information monitoring;
1) cleaning the environment: periodically removing weed sundries, insect pests and residues on the periphery and inside of the facility greenhouse; the air port and the door of the greenhouse are additionally provided with insect-proof nets, and the greenhouse film, the door and the window and the insect-proof nets are maintained regularly;
2) greenhouse disinfection: before planting, the greenhouse is fumigated by mixing 10 mass percent of chlorothalonil smoke agent and 3 mass percent of beta-cypermethrin smoke agent, wherein the amount of the 10 mass percent of chlorothalonil smoke agent is 120g/100m2The usage amount of the high-efficiency cypermethrin smoke agent with the mass concentration of 3 percent is 20 to 35g/100m2；
3) Information monitoring: an agriculture and forestry ecological remote real-time monitoring system is installed in the facility greenhouse, and the facility environmental conditions, the growth of potted flowers and the dynamic condition of plant diseases and insect pests are tracked and monitored in real time;
(2) two health functions: body-building cultivation, including substrate disinfection, healthy seedling, comfortable habitat, accurate rich water, immunity induction and bee pollination;
1) matrix disinfection: before planting, uniformly spraying 40-60 times of 30-40kg formalin solution or 84 disinfectant solution on every 1000kg matrix, uniformly stirring, and then covering a plastic bag for sealing for 4-6 days;
2) healthy seedlings: selecting robust seedlings without diseases, insects and damages, and before planting, using 1600-fold liquid of agricultural streptomycin wettable powder with the mass concentration of 20 percent and 4500-fold liquid of abamectin microemulsion with the mass concentration of 5 percent as the raw materials according to the volume ratio of 1: 1 soaking the whole plant of the prepared mixed solution for 3-5 minutes;
3) comfortable habitat: during planting, water spraying and ventilation are carried out according to the growth requirements of different potted flowers so as to adjust the appropriate temperature and humidity conditions; and the single-layer or double-layer sunshade net with different meshes is used for adjusting the proper illumination; meanwhile, the planting density is controlled;
4) precise water fertilizing: applying quick-acting fertilizer and slow-acting fertilizer, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer in different growth stages of the facility potted flowers; the manual fertilization and watering is changed into a fertilization and watering method which takes intelligent drip irrigation as a main part and takes spray irrigation as an auxiliary part;
5) immune induction: combining with rich water, adding bacterial manure or plant activator protein, and irrigating or spraying for 2-3 times every 25-30 days;
6) bee pollination: the application of the pesticide is forbidden before the potted flower blooms for 10-15 days, and the pesticide is applied at the interval of 500m after the flower blooms2Releasing 1 bee or bumblebee standard colony for pollination in the greenhouse range of the facility;
(3) three-drive: repelling, including plant repelling and median repelling;
1) plant repelling: celery is intercropped around the inside of the facility greenhouse, so that whiteflies are reduced; meanwhile, a variety which is good in character, suitable for local planting and strong in disease and insect resistance is selected as a main variety, and intercropping other varieties are matched, wherein the planting proportion of the main variety to the other varieties is 2-3: 1, enriching biological diversity and inhibiting outbreak of other diseases and pests;
2) the isolation belt is used for repelling: coating a plastic film which is coated with machine oil or diesel oil uniformly on the outer part of each support column on the periphery of the seedbed to serve as a seedbed insect prevention isolation belt, and additionally brushing the machine oil or the diesel oil for 1 time every 1-2 months to prevent and control red spiders and scale insects;
(4) fourthly, inducing: trapping control, including pest control lamp trapping control, color plate trapping control and pheromone trapping control;
1) the pest control lamp induces and controls: in a greenhouse, every 300m21 multifunctional electrostatic insect killing lamp and a greenhouse electric demisting disease prevention and growth promotion machine are respectively hung, the hanging height is 50-60cm above the seedling plant, and the lamp is cleaned for 1 time every 1-2 months;
2) color plate induction control: in a greenhouse, the weight ratio of 2: 1 yellow and blue plates are hung alternately in proportion of every 100m2Placing 3 pieces, hanging at the place 15-20cm above the seedling, and changing the plate every 1-2 months for 1 time;
3) pheromone induction control: when the color plates are used for trapping and controlling, 1 pheromone trapping core aiming at corresponding pests is additionally arranged on each insect trapping color plate;
(5) fifthly, placing: releasing biocontrol agents, including releasing natural enemies, applying biocontrol bacteria and microbial metabolites;
1) releasing natural enemies: when the insect plant rate is more than or equal to 1%, every 100m2Releasing 25-30 bags of predatory mites with net content of more than or equal to 2500 per bag, 1 Ipomoea batatas bee card with net content of more than or equal to 2500 or 1 Ipomoea variegata egg card with net content of more than or equal to 100;
2) biocontrol bacteria, when the insect strain rate is more than or equal to 1 percent, natural enemies are released, and 2 × 10 is added alternately8cfu/g Isaria fumosorosea powder 70-100g/100m2And 1 × 101030-40g/100m cfu/g metarhizium anisopliae milk powder2Spraying or directly spraying for 1-3 times each at an interval of 10-15 days, and alternately increasing the dose of 1 × 10 when the disease rate is more than 1%810-15g/100m cfu/g trichoderma harzianum water dispersible granule2And 1 × 10106-10g/100m bacillus subtilis wettable powder of spores/g2Spraying for 1-3 times every 10-15 days;
3) microbial metabolites: when the insect rate is more than or equal to 3% and less than 5%, releasing natural enemies, and alternately adding 10-15 mL/mu of abamectin microemulsion with the mass concentration of 5%, 10-20 mL/mu of spinetoram suspending agent with the mass concentration of 60g/L and 6.6-13.2 mL/mu of emamectin benzoate emulsifiable solution with the mass concentration of 1% for spraying for 1-3 times respectively, wherein the interval is 10-15 days each time; when the disease rate is more than or equal to 3 percent and less than 5 percent, 15 to 18g/100m of polyoxin wettable powder with the mass concentration of 10 percent is alternately added2And 5% of validamycin aqua 16-18g/100m in mass concentration23-5g/100m agricultural streptomycin wettable powder with mass concentration of 20%2Spraying for 1-3 times every 10-15 days;
(6) six drugs, high-efficiency and low-risk chemical pesticides are applied;
when the insect rate is more than or equal to 5 percent after the biological pesticide is applied, 2-4g/100m of spirotetramat suspending agent with the mass concentration of 22.4 percent is alternately added2Cyantraniliprole dispersible oil suspending agent with mass concentration of 10% 4-7g/100m2And dinotefuran soluble granules with mass concentration of 20% 7-10g/100m2Spraying for 1-3 times every 10-15 days; when the disease rate is more than or equal to 5 percent6-7g/100m of prochloraz emulsifiable concentrate with 25 percent of mass concentration is alternately added25-8g/100m difenoconazole water dispersible granule with mass concentration of 10%2And chlorobromoisocyanuric acid soluble powder with mass concentration of 50 percent of 6-8g/100m2Spraying for 1-3 times every 10-15 days.
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