CN110651684A - Green prevention and control method for gerbera jamesonii root rot - Google Patents
Green prevention and control method for gerbera jamesonii root rot Download PDFInfo
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- CN110651684A CN110651684A CN201911097652.0A CN201911097652A CN110651684A CN 110651684 A CN110651684 A CN 110651684A CN 201911097652 A CN201911097652 A CN 201911097652A CN 110651684 A CN110651684 A CN 110651684A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
Abstract
The invention provides a green prevention and control method for African daisy root rot, and belongs to the field of horticultural crop disease control. The invention aims at a green prevention and control method for African daisy diseases in domestication period, seedling period and flowering period, and constructs a green sustainable control technical mode for preventing and controlling African daisy root rot from the source. The invention can effectively control the occurrence of the gerbera jamesonii root rot, controls the damage of the gerbera jamesonii root rot within the range of economic threshold, greatly reduces the use of chemical pesticides of the gerbera jamesonii, and has important significance for green production and environmental protection of the gerbera jamesonii.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a green prevention and control method for gerbera jamesonii diseases, belonging to the field of prevention and control of diseases of horticultural crops.
Background
African chrysanthemum (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus) is also called as Fulang, is one of five cut flowers in the world, and is one of the most applied fresh cut flower types with wide cultivation area in China at present. The African daisy is a new and elegant cut flower, has many horticultural varieties, white, orange, red, yellow, pink, orange and the like in flower color, can bloom in four seasons as long as the temperature is proper, and has the advantages of high cut flower yield and straight flower stalk, and the full-bloom period is 5-6 months and 9-10 months. The African chrysanthemum is popular among flower growers and consumers because of its various colors, tall and straight flower branches, uneasy decay, long flower picking period and obvious economic benefit. After the African daisy is introduced into China from the middle of the 80 th century of the 20 th century, the development is rapid. Particularly, in recent years, the increase of cultivated varieties, the sharp increase of the consumption of fresh cut flowers, the sharp expansion of the planting area, and the good disease overwintering and breeding environment brought by facility cultivation lead to the annual increase of the gerbera jamesonii diseases, and have great influence on the yield and the quality of flowers, and the great loss is suffered by flower farmers. Therefore, investigation and understanding of the species and the occurrence rule of the African daisy diseases and insect pests have very important significance for effective prevention and control of the African daisy diseases and insect pests.
At present, the main production bases of the national African chrysanthemum cut flowers comprise Yunnan Kunming, Fujian Sanming, Jiangsu Haimen, Zhejiang Wenshan and the like, the African chrysanthemum cut flowers develop rapidly in recent years, and the African chrysanthemum cut flowers become main products of the fresh cut flowers in various regions and 'happy flowers' which are increased in income and enriched by flower growers. However, in the production of the cut gerbera jamesonii flowers, the gerbera jamesonii flowers are easily damaged by various pests and diseases, the yield and the quality of the gerbera jamesonii flowers are seriously influenced, and the production benefit is greatly reduced. The major African daisy pests reported are: the root (stem) rot, gray mold, leaf spot, virus diseases, liriomyza, trialeurodes vaporariorum, red spider, thrips, aphid and the like, the damage loss of single root rot can reach 2 to 30 percent along with the enlargement of the planting area of the gerbera jamesonii, and the disease is more serious along with the longer planting year, thus causing great economic loss to the yield and the quality of the gerbera jamesonii. At present, researches on African daisy diseases and insect pests are sporadic and systematic, so that the systematic research on the African daisy root rot is carried out on the basis of determining pathogenic bacteria and occurrence rules of the African daisy root rot, a green prevention and control method for the African daisy root rot is provided, the significance for scientific prevention and control of the African daisy root rot and reduction of pesticide use amount is great, and the method plays a role in guiding and referring to other diseases and insect pests of the African daisy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for green prevention and control of gerbera jamesonii diseases, which can effectively control the occurrence of gerbera jamesonii root rot, control the damage of the root rot within the economic threshold range, greatly reduce the use of chemical pesticides of gerbera jamesonii, realize the reduction and the synergy of the chemical pesticides of the gerbera jamesonii and has important significance for green production and environment protection of the gerbera jamesonii.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
aiming at 3 periods such as domestication period, seedling period, flowering period and the like in the growth process of the gerbera jamesonii, the method selectively integrates the prevention and control measures such as seedling selection, physical prevention and control, disease monitoring, physicochemical induction and control, biological prevention and control, garden cleaning and bud protection, emergency medication and the like, fully exerts the synergistic pest control effect of the gerbera jamesonii, assembles a green prevention and control method suitable for various growth periods, constructs a green sustainable control technical mode for preventing and controlling the hazards of the gerbera jamesonii from the source, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) acclimation period
The method is characterized in that a green prevention and control mode of 'seedling selection and physical prevention and control' is integrated on the basis of the culture of chrysanthemum seedlings, the base number of pathogenic bacteria reduction is taken as a core, and the seedling selection is taken as a basis; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) seedling selection: selecting a strong tissue culture seedling with developed roots of a disease-resistant variety;
2) physical prevention and control: before planting seedlings, ploughing, tedding, disinfecting and ridging soil to eliminate disease residues; the sterilization is that 30-60 kg of quicklime is applied to each mu of soil.
(2) Seedling stage
The method aims at promoting flowering, takes control of pathogenic bacteria harm as a core, and integrates a green prevention and control mode of 'physical prevention and control + disease monitoring + physical and chemical induction and control + biological prevention and control' on the basis of disease monitoring and biological treatment.
1) Physical prevention and control: during normal watering, after the seedlings are planted, the roots are irrigated with the compound microbial fertilizer for 1 to 2 times at intervals of 25 to 30 days;
2) and (3) monitoring the disease condition: an agriculture and forestry ecological remote real-time monitoring system is installed in the facility greenhouse, so that the environmental conditions of the facility and the dynamic situations of flower growth and diseases are tracked and monitored in real time; when the temperature rises, pathogenic bacteria begin to be active, technicians should adopt a molecular biology detection technology to detect the pathogenic bacteria in real time, and pay attention to the condition of the field, once the pathogenic bacteria are detected or the disease is found, plants carrying the pathogenic bacteria should be immediately isolated, and appropriate biological control is carried out according to the occurrence degree of the disease;
3) physical and chemical trapping control: hanging 1 orange insect-attracting color plate 20-25 cm away from the ground surface in each mu of planting area, and changing every 2-3 months; in a greenhouse, every 300 m21 multifunctional electrostatic insect killing lamp is hung, the hanging height is 50-60 cm above the seedling, and the lamp is cleaned for 1 time every 1-2 months;
4) biological control: according to the disease condition, 50-150 g/mu of benfurazolin (composite bacillus subtilis) with 1000 hundred million cfu/g or 15-20 g/mu of pythium oligandrum (multi-benefit vitamin) wettable powder with 100 ten thousand cfu/g is applied alternately for 2-3 times at an interval of 10-15 days.
(3) Flowering phase
The method aims at clearing and protecting the buds, takes the base number of pathogenic bacteria reduction as the core, and integrates a green prevention and control mode of 'disease condition monitoring + biological prevention and control + clearing and protecting the buds + emergency medication' on the basis of clearing and protecting the buds and protecting the natural enemies.
1) And (3) monitoring the disease condition: according to the monitoring of a monitoring system and the detection result of molecular biology, the plants carrying germs are isolated immediately once the disease is found by combining the real-time disease conditions in the field; and proper biological control is carried out according to the occurrence degree of diseases;
2) biological control: according to the disease condition, 100-140 g/mu of gaokuna (Trichoderma harzianum) or 30-40 g/mu of 3% Zhongshengmycin wettable powder is applied for 2-3 times in a rotation way, and each time is 10-15 days.
3) Clearing garden and protecting buds: after the flowers are harvested, spraying 1000 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder liquid on plants immediately after the flowers are cut off, and preventing and treating the pathogenic bacteria infected by the wounds; after the fungicide is sprayed for 7 days, after the garden is comprehensively cleared, 35-70 kg of quicklime is applied to each mu of land, pathogenic bacteria of disease residues are killed, and infection sources are reduced.
4) Emergency medication: when the morbidity reaches 15%, using a high-efficiency and low-toxicity bactericide, spraying 800 times of a 3% metalaxyl-hymexazol aqueous solution for 2-3 times, wherein the application interval is 7-10 days every time, and adjusting the application interval according to the specific control effect.
The green sustainable control method for preventing and controlling the African daisy root rot from the source is based on the following steps:
1. main prevention and control measures
According to the concept of 'green plant protection', aiming at 3 main growth periods (domestication period, seedling period and flowering period) of the gerbera jamesonii, the method selectively integrates the prevention and control measures of seedling selection, physical prevention and control, disease monitoring, physicochemical induction and control, biological prevention and control, garden cleaning and bud protection, emergency medication and the like, fully exerts the synergistic pest control effect of the gerbera jamesonii, assembles a green prevention and control method suitable for the gerbera jamesonii root rot of each growth period, and constructs a green sustainable control technical mode for preventing and controlling the gerbera jamesonii root rot from the source.
(1) Seedling selection
Before planting African daisy, fully considering the disease resistance of the variety, selecting a root rot resistant variety suitable for local planting (such as a exquisite variety which is high resistance, a yearly, golden sun and beautiful powder which are disease resistant, and a red sun and cold king which are resistance), and a robust tissue culture seedling with developed roots;
(2) physical prevention and control: the root rot pathogen can harm 100 kinds of plants of Brassicaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae, Solanaceae, etc. besides African daisy, so that before seedling planting, soil is ploughed, tedded, sterilized, bedridden, and disease residues are eliminated; the sterilization is that 30-60 kg of quicklime is applied to each mu of soil;
(3) disease condition monitoring
An agriculture and forestry ecological remote real-time monitoring system is installed in the greenhouse, and environmental conditions of facilities and dynamic scenes of flower growth and diseases are tracked and monitored in real time; when the temperature rises, pathogenic bacteria begin to be active, technicians should adopt a molecular biology detection technology to detect the pathogenic bacteria in real time, and pay attention to the condition of the field, once the pathogenic bacteria are detected or the disease is found, plants carrying the pathogenic bacteria should be immediately isolated, and appropriate biological control is carried out according to the occurrence degree of the disease;
(4) physical and chemical control
In order to reduce the wound caused by pests to plants, 1 orange insect-attracting color plate is hung at the position 20-25 cm away from the ground surface of each mu of planting area, and the change is carried out once every 2-3 months; in a greenhouse, every 300 m21 multifunctional electrostatic insect killing lamp is hung, the hanging height is 50-60 cm above the seedling, and the lamp is cleaned for 1 time every 1-2 months;
(5) biological control
Biological control is a safe, effective and durable pest control method, can greatly reduce the application of chemical pesticides, and adopts the main measure of applying biological pesticides. 50-150 g/mu of benfurazolin (composite bacillus subtilis) with 1000 hundred million cfu/g or 15-20 g/mu of pythium oligandrum (multi-benefit vitamin) wettable powder with 100 ten thousand cfu/g is applied in the seedling stage for 2-3 times in a rotation way, and the interval is 10-15 days each time; 3 hundred million cfu/g of 100-140 g/mu of gacaoan (trichoderma harzianum) diluted spray or 30-40 g/mu of 3% Zhongshengmycin wettable powder is applied in the flowering phase for 2-3 times in a rotating way, and each time is 10-15 days.
(6) Cleaning garden and protecting bud
After the flowers are harvested, spraying 1000 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder liquid on plants immediately after the flowers are cut off, and preventing and treating the pathogenic bacteria infected by the wounds; after the fungicide is sprayed for 7 days, after the garden is comprehensively cleared, 35-70 kg of quicklime is applied to each mu of land, pathogenic bacteria of disease residues are killed, and infection sources are reduced.
(7) Emergency medicine
When the morbidity reaches 15%, using a high-efficiency and low-toxicity bactericide, spraying 800 times of a 3% metalaxyl-hymexazol aqueous solution for 2-3 times, wherein the application interval is 7-10 days every time, and adjusting the application interval according to the specific control effect.
The invention has the following remarkable effects:
(1) provides a green prevention and control method for the gerbera jamesonii root rot, constructs a green sustainable control technical mode for preventing and controlling the gerbera jamesonii root rot from the source; the gerbera jamesonii root rot can be effectively controlled, the damage of the gerbera jamesonii root rot is controlled within an economic threshold range (the control effect is more than 85 percent), the use of chemical pesticides in a chrysanthemum garden is obviously reduced (by 20 to 30 percent), the ecological environment of the chrysanthemum garden is improved, the variety and the quantity of microorganisms in gerbera jamesonii soil are increased, the virtuous circle of green ecological regulation and control of the chrysanthemum garden is promoted, and the ecological benefit is very obvious;
(2) the mode obviously reduces the prevention and control cost of the gerbera jamesonii root rot (by 25-35%), effectively improves the yield of the chrysanthemum field (by 10-15%), and has very obvious economic benefit;
(3) the control consciousness and the level of the gerbera jamesonii root rot by the chrysanthemum grower are improved, the quality and the yield of the gerbera jamesonii are improved, the yield and the income of the chrysanthemum grower are increased, the application reduction and the efficiency improvement of the chemical pesticide in the chrysanthemum orchard are realized, the application reduction and the efficiency improvement are significant to the green production and the environment protection of the gerbera jamesonii, and the social benefit is remarkable.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described by way of examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the equivalent substitutions and modifications made in the present disclosure are within the scope of the present invention.
Firstly, the invention is further supplemented and explained by part of field tests, and the selection problem of part of prevention and control measures in the invention is solved.
(1) Investigation of African daisy condition
Observing the African daisy park, collecting an injury sample, classifying the disease plants into 5 types on the basis of the symptom characteristics and the injury condition of the African daisy root rot, classifying the disease grade according to the disease grade standard, and carrying out disease investigation and verification on the African daisy root rot.
Establishing a diseased leaf grading standard: the African daisy root rot is divided into five grades of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Wherein, level 1: no disease spots; and 2, stage: water stain-like disease spots appear on the stems of African chrysanthemum roots; and 3, level: spreading of the root scab of the gerbera jamesonii, and leaf wilting; 4, level: the roots of the gerbera jamesonii are rotten and torn, and the leaves are brown; and 5, stage: the leaves fall off and the plant falls down and dies. The grading standard is suitable for the condition investigation of the African daisy root rot through the condition investigation verification of the African daisy with different degrees of disease.
(2) Comparison of disease resistance of different varieties of African daisy to root rot
The selection of disease-resistant varieties is one of the commonly used means for preventing and treating the root rot of the gerbera jamesonii, has good effect and is not limited by regions, seasons, areas and the like. In the experiment, through comparing the resistance to the root rot of different African daisy varieties, several varieties with certain resistance to the root rot of African daisy are screened.
Test materials: the African daisy is selected from Carthamus tinctorius, yellow flower Tesla Fermi, orange flower California, white flower Osteya, and pink flower Esterley.
The experimental method comprises the following steps: the same size blocks were selected in the African daisy culture. Respectively planting Dahong Telazy, Huanghua Telazi, orange flower California, white flower Osieya and pink flower Esterley, repeating each treatment 3 times, repeating each treatment for 1 cell, and each block comprises 20 African daisy, and the field management conditions are consistent. And (3) irrigating the rhizosphere by using a root irrigation method when the rhizopus is planted at the 1 st day, reapplying the rhizopus at the 7 th day, investigating the diseased plant at the 15 th day, counting the disease index, and calculating the average diseased plant rate and the disease index. The disease grading standard refers to the African daisy grading standard.
And (4) conclusion: the test results show that different varieties of African daisy have significant difference in the disease resistance to root rot (attached table). Among the 5 varieties tested, orange flower California, white flower Osievia and pink flower Esterley showed better disease resistance. Wherein the orange flower California disease index is at least 33.33%.
(3) Screening of biocontrol microbial inoculum and chemical agents
The biocontrol microbial inoculum and chemical agent are one of the most common means for preventing and treating the gerbera jamesonii root rot at present, have quick response and good effect, are not limited by regions, seasons, areas and the like, and have good inhibition effect on the germination of pathogenic bacteria. The experiment tests the efficacy of African daisy, and screens a plurality of effects for preventing and treating diseases with different degrees and periods of disease onset.
Test materials: the tested control agents are 3 hundred million cfu/g wettable powder of Trichoderma harzianum (Gaokouan) (produced by Shandong Tainuo pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), 1000 hundred million cfu/g wettable powder of Bacillus compositus (Protectum) (produced by Beihai Qiangxing Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), 50 percent wettable powder of carbendazim (Jiangsu Sanshan pesticide Co., Ltd.), 6 percent wettable powder of oligosaccharide-catenin (Alternaria thomsonii (Chinese academy of agricultural sciences) and 100 million cfu/g wettable powder of Pythium oligandrum (Lirio) of Oligomphora (produced by Beijing Czechen biological preparation Co., Ltd.), 80 percent emulsifiable concentrate of ethylicin (Kangda Nongda Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), 3 percent wettable powder of Zhongxi Ningbang biochemical industry Co., Ltd.), 3 percent aqueous solution of metalaxane-Oxycorin (produced by Tianjin Yongnan chemical Co., Ltd.), 75% oxime bacterium tebuconazole (Naddol) water dispersible granule (Germany Bayer Co., Ltd.), 250 g/L propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate (Junda crop protection Co., Ltd.), 53.8% copper hydroxide (Kitsugaku 2000) water dispersible granule (DuPont, USA).
The experimental method comprises the following steps: selecting a field block with consistent growth vigor and field management in the African chrysanthemum cultivation area as a test field. The treatment of the test plots was performed in a random arrangement, and each treatment was repeated 3 times, 1 plot each, and 20 gerbera jamesonii cells per plot. The first application is carried out at the early stage of disease occurrence. The spraying method is adopted, the liquid medicine is uniformly sprayed to the leaves and the rhizome parts, and clear water is sprayed as a contrast. Applied 1 time every 7 days for 3 times. And 7-10 d after 3 times of drug application, investigating the diseased plant, counting the disease index, and calculating the prevention and treatment effect. And simultaneously observing the influence of the test agent on the growth of the gerbera jamesonii. And (4) applying no other pesticide in the pesticide application district, and performing other cultivation management normally.
The field efficacy experiment result shows that: the 11 medicaments have significant difference on the control effect of the gerbera jamesonii root rot (attached table). Among 11 test reagents, 3 hundred million cfu/g wettable powder of trichoderma harzianum (gacaoan), 1000 hundred million cfu/g wettable powder of bacillus compositus (root-protecting agent), 50% wettable powder of carbendazim, 6% wettable powder of oligosaccharide and catenin (Altailing), 3% aqua of metalaxyl and hymexazol, 100 ten thousand cfu/g wettable powder of pythium oligandrum (multi-vitamin), 80% emulsifiable solution of ethylicin and 3% wettable powder of zhongshengmycin have better control effect on gerbera jamesonii. Wherein, the 3 percent metalaxyl-hymexazol aqua has the best prevention effect of 800 times of liquid, and the prevention effect is 80.76 percent. The 1500-fold liquid of 250 g/L propiconazole emulsifiable solution has the worst control effect, the control effect is 29.73 percent, in addition, no 11 test agents have adverse effect on the growth of the gerbera jamesonii in the test process, and in addition, the medicament cost is fully considered in the production, and the medicaments are applied alternately or alternately as much as possible.
Field control effect of different bactericides on gerbera jamesonii root rot
Note: the difference between different capital letters in the same column is extremely obvious (P <0.01), and the difference between different lowercase letters is obvious (P <0.05)
And (4) conclusion: the test result of the application of 11 test reagents for preventing and treating the gerbera jamesonii root rot shows that 8 reagents with better preventing and treating effects on the gerbera jamesonii root rot are respectively as follows: 3 hundred million cfu/g Trichoderma harzianum (Gaokou) wettable powder, 1000 hundred million cfu/g composite bacillus (carbendazim) wettable powder, 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder, 6 percent oligosaccharide-catenin (Altailing) wettable powder, 3 percent metalaxyl-hymexazol water aqua, 100 million cfu/g pythium oligandrum (multi-vitamin) wettable powder, 80 percent ethylicin missible oil and 3 percent zhongshengmycin wettable powder have the control effect on the root rot of the gerbera chrysanthemum of more than 60 percent, wherein the control effect of 800 times of the 3 percent metalaxyl-hymexazol water aqua is the best, and the control effect is 80.76 percent. The 1500-fold solution of 250 g/L propiconazole missible oil has the worst control effect, and the control effect is 29.73 percent. The test agent has no adverse effect on the growth of the gerbera jamesonii after being applied in the field. Among the screened medicaments, 3 hundred million cfu/g wettable powder of trichoderma harzianum (Gaokouan), 1000 hundred million cfu/g wettable powder of bacillus compositus (Protozoans), 100 ten thousand cfu/g wettable powder of pythium oligandrum (multi-beneficial vitamins) and 3 percent wettable powder of zhongshengmycin are biocontrol agents for the gerbera jamesonii root rot, are green and pollution-free, and can be accepted by farmers in production. The biocontrol microbial inoculum can be used for controlling at the early stage of disease incidence, and when the disease incidence reaches 15 percent, high-efficiency low-grade bactericidal agents are applied urgently, such as: 3% of metalaxyl-hymexazol aqua.
Example 1
Aiming at green pest control in the planting process of African chrysanthemum in Sanming sand county base of Fujian province, the following measures are taken:
(1) acclimation period
1) Seedling selection: selecting a strong tissue culture seedling with developed root of a disease-resistant variety African chrysanthemum orange flower California;
2) physical prevention and control: before planting seedlings, ploughing, tedding, disinfecting and ridging soil to eliminate disease residues; the sterilization is that 30kg of quicklime is applied to each mu of soil.
(2) Seedling stage
1) Physical prevention and control: during normal watering, after the seedlings are planted, the roots are irrigated with the compound microbial fertilizer for 2 times at intervals of 25 days;
2) and (3) monitoring the disease condition: an agriculture and forestry ecological remote real-time monitoring system is installed in the facility greenhouse, so that the environmental conditions of the facility and the dynamic situations of flower growth and diseases are tracked and monitored in real time; when the temperature rises, pathogenic bacteria begin to be active, technicians should adopt a molecular biology detection technology to detect the pathogenic bacteria in real time, and pay attention to the condition of the field, once the pathogenic bacteria are detected or the disease is found, plants carrying the pathogenic bacteria should be immediately isolated, and appropriate biological control is carried out according to the occurrence degree of the disease;
3) physical and chemical trapping control: hanging 1 orange insect-attracting color plate at a position 25 cm away from the ground surface of each mu of planting area, and changing every 3 months; in a greenhouse, every 300 m21 multifunctional electrostatic insect killing lamp is hung, the hanging height is 55 cm above the seedling, and the lamp is cleaned for 1 time every 2 months;
4) biological control: according to the disease condition, 100 g/mu diluted spray of 1000 hundred million cfu/g benazolin (composite bacillus subtilis) or 20 g/mu diluted spray of 100 ten thousand cfu/g pythium oligandrum (multi-benefit vitamin) wettable powder is applied alternately for 3 times at intervals of 15 days.
(3) Flowering phase
1) And (3) monitoring the disease condition: according to the monitoring of a monitoring system and the detection result of molecular biology, the plants carrying germs are isolated immediately once the disease is found by combining the real-time disease conditions in the field; and proper biological control is carried out according to the occurrence degree of diseases;
2) biological control: according to the disease condition, 100 g/mu of gacola (trichoderma harzianum) diluted spray of 3 hundred million cfu/g or 30 g/mu of 3 percent Zhongshengmycin wettable powder is applied, and the water-soluble pesticide is alternately applied for 3 times at intervals of 15 days.
3) Clearing garden and protecting buds: after the flowers are harvested, spraying 1000 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder liquid on plants immediately after the flowers are cut off, and preventing and treating the pathogenic bacteria infected by the wounds; after the fungicide is sprayed for 7 days, 50 kg of quicklime is spread per mu after the overall garden is cleared, pathogenic bacteria of disease residues are killed, and infection sources are reduced.
4) Emergency medication: when the morbidity reaches 15%, spraying 800 times of 3% of a methyl cream-hymexazol water solution for 3 times, wherein the interval is 10 days every time, and the application interval is adjusted according to the specific control effect.
The method effectively controls the gerbera jamesonii to be harmful to the root rot in greenhouse cultivation, improves the prevention effect by 25 percent, realizes a green pest control method in greenhouse, improves the commodity qualification rate of the fresh cut flowers of the gerbera jamesonii in greenhouse by 28 percent, and has remarkable economic, social and ecological benefits.
Example 2
Aiming at green harm control in the planting process of African daisy in the Fujian Sanming base, the following measures are adopted:
(1) acclimation period
1) Seedling selection: selecting a disease-resistant tissue culture seedling with strong white flower Osteviia and pink flower Esteli of the African daisy and developed roots;
2) physical prevention and control: before planting seedlings, ploughing, tedding, disinfecting and ridging soil to eliminate disease residues; the sterilization is that 45 kg of quicklime is applied to each mu of soil;
(2) seedling stage
1) Physical prevention and control: during normal watering, after the seedlings are planted, the composite microbial fertilizer is used for 2 times at intervals of 30 days;
2) and (3) monitoring the disease condition: an agriculture and forestry ecological remote real-time monitoring system is installed in the facility greenhouse, so that the environmental conditions of the facility and the dynamic situations of flower growth and diseases are tracked and monitored in real time; when the temperature rises, pathogenic bacteria begin to be active, technicians should adopt a molecular biology detection technology to detect the pathogenic bacteria in real time, and pay attention to the condition of the field, once the pathogenic bacteria are detected or the disease is found, plants carrying the pathogenic bacteria should be immediately isolated, and appropriate biological control is carried out according to the occurrence degree of the disease;
3) physical and chemical trapping control: hanging 1 orange insect-attracting color plate at a position 25 cm away from the ground surface of each mu of planting area, and changing every 3 months; in a greenhouse, every 300 m21 multifunctional electrostatic insect killing lamp is hung, the hanging height is 60 cm above the seedling, and the lamp is cleaned for 1 time every 2 months;
4) biological control: according to the disease condition, 100 g/mu diluted spray of 1000 hundred million cfu/g benazolin (composite bacillus subtilis) or 20 g/mu diluted spray of 100 ten thousand cfu/g pythium oligandrum (multi-benefit vitamin) wettable powder is applied alternately for 3 times at intervals of 15 days.
(3) Flowering phase
1) And (3) monitoring the disease condition: according to the monitoring of a monitoring system and the detection result of molecular biology, the plants carrying germs are isolated immediately once the disease is found by combining the real-time disease conditions in the field; and proper biological control is carried out according to the occurrence degree of diseases;
2) biological control: according to the disease condition, 100 g/mu of gacola (trichoderma harzianum) diluted spray of 3 hundred million cfu/g or 30 g/mu of 3 percent Zhongshengmycin wettable powder is applied, and the water-soluble pesticide is alternately applied for 3 times at intervals of 15 days.
3) Clearing garden and protecting buds: after the flowers are harvested, spraying 1000 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder liquid on plants immediately after the flowers are cut off, and preventing and treating the pathogenic bacteria infected by the wounds; after the fungicide is sprayed for 7 days, 50 kg of quicklime is spread per mu after the overall garden is cleared, pathogenic bacteria of disease residues are killed, and infection sources are reduced.
4) Emergency medication: when the morbidity reaches 15%, spraying 800 times of 3% of a methyl cream-hymexazol water solution for 3 times, wherein the interval is 10 days every time, and the application interval is adjusted according to the specific control effect.
The method effectively controls the African daisy to be harmful to the root rot in greenhouse cultivation, improves the prevention effect by 23 percent, realizes a green pest control method in greenhouse, improves the commodity qualification rate of the fresh cut flowers of the African daisy by 25 percent, and has obvious economic, social and ecological benefits.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, but any modifications or equivalent variations made according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention as claimed.
Claims (4)
1. A green prevention and control method for African daisy root rot is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) domestication period: establishing a green prevention and control mode of 'seedling selection and physical prevention and control';
(2) and (3) seedling stage: establishing a green prevention and control mode of physical prevention and control, disease monitoring, physical and chemical induction and control and biological prevention and control;
(3) and (3) flowering period: and establishing a green prevention and control mode of disease condition monitoring, biological prevention and control, garden cleaning and bud protection and emergency medication.
2. The method for green prevention and control of gerbera jamesonii root rot according to claim 1, wherein: the step (1) is specifically as follows:
1) seedling selection: selecting a strong tissue culture seedling with developed roots of a disease-resistant variety;
2) physical prevention and control: before planting seedlings, ploughing, tedding, disinfecting and ridging soil to eliminate disease residues; the sterilization is that 30-60 kg of quicklime is applied to each mu of soil.
3. The method for green prevention and control of gerbera jamesonii root rot according to claim 1, wherein: the step (2) is specifically as follows:
1) physical prevention and control: while watering normally, after planting seedlings, irrigating roots with compound microbial fertilizer for 1-2 times, with an interval of 25-30 days each time;
2) and (3) monitoring the disease condition: an agriculture and forestry ecological remote real-time monitoring system is installed in the facility greenhouse, so that the environmental conditions of the facility and the dynamic situations of flower growth and diseases are tracked and monitored in real time; when the temperature rises, pathogenic bacteria begin to be active, technicians should adopt a molecular biology detection technology to detect the pathogenic bacteria in real time, and pay attention to the condition of the field, once the pathogenic bacteria are detected or the disease is found, plants carrying the pathogenic bacteria should be immediately isolated, and appropriate biological control is carried out according to the occurrence degree of the disease;
3) physical and chemical trapping control: hanging 1 orange insect-attracting color plate 20-25 cm away from the ground surface in each mu of planting area, and changing every 2-3 months; in a greenhouse, every 300 m21 multifunctional electrostatic insect killing lamp is hung, the hanging height is 50-60 cm above the seedling, and the lamp is cleaned for 1 time every 1-2 months;
4) biological control: and (2) applying 50-150 g/mu of composite bacillus subtilis diluted spray or 15-20 g/mu of pythium oligandrum wettable powder of 1000 hundred million cfu/g according to the disease condition, and alternately applying for 2-3 times at an interval of 10-15 days.
4. The method for green prevention and control of gerbera jamesonii root rot according to claim 3, wherein: the step (3) is specifically as follows:
1) and (3) monitoring the disease condition: according to the monitoring of a monitoring system and the detection result of molecular biology, the plants carrying germs are isolated immediately once the disease is found by combining the real-time disease conditions in the field; and proper biological control is carried out according to the occurrence degree of diseases;
2) biological control: according to the disease condition, applying 3 hundred million cfu/g Trichoderma harzianum 100-140 g/mu diluted spray or 3 percent Zhongshengmycin wettable powder 30-40 g/mu diluted spray for 2-3 times in a rotation way, wherein the interval of each time is 10-15 days;
3) clearing garden and protecting buds: after the flowers are harvested, spraying 1000 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder liquid on plants immediately after the flowers are cut off, and preventing and treating the pathogenic bacteria infected by the wounds; after the fungicide is sprayed for 7 d, after the garden is comprehensively cleared, 35-70 kg of quicklime is applied to each mu of land, pathogenic bacteria of disease residues are killed, and infection sources are reduced;
4) emergency medication: when the morbidity reaches 15%, using a high-efficiency and low-toxicity bactericide, spraying 800 times of a 3% metalaxyl-hymexazol aqueous solution for 2-3 times, wherein the application interval is 7-10 days every time, and adjusting the application interval according to the specific control effect.
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